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 UNIT 1
MODULE
1
Analyzing Functions

Functions MODULE
2
Absolute Value
Functions, Equations,
and Inequalities

MATH IN CAREERS

Community Theater Owner

A community theater owner uses
math to determine revenue, profit, and
expenses related to operating the theater.
Probability and statistical methods are
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useful for determining the types of

performances that will appeal to the
public and attract patrons. Community
theater owners should also understand
the geometry of stage sets, and algebraic
formulas for stage lighting, including
those used to calculate light beam spread,
throw distance, angle, and overall length.
If you are interested in a career as a
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community theater owner, you should

study these mathematical subjects:
t
Algebra
t
Geometry
t
Trigonometry
t
Business Math
t
Probability
t
Statistics
Research other careers that require
determining revenue, profit, and
expenses. Check out the career activity
at the end of the unit to find out how
Community Theater Owners use math.
Unit 1 1
Reading Start -Up Vocabulary
Review Words
✔ coefficient (coeficiente)
Visualize Vocabulary ✔ domain (dominio)
Use the ✔ words to complete the graphic. You can put more than one ✔ function (función)
word on each spoke of the information wheel. ✔ inequality (desigualdad)
✔ interval (intervalo)
✔ quadratic function
(función cuadrática)
rs
f(x) = 3 2 numbe ✔ range (rango)
x all real
✔ transformation
(transformación)
y = 3x2 all non
ne
3 numbe gative real
rs Preview Words
conjunction (conjunción)
disjunction (disyunción)
even function (función par)
inverse function (función
inversa)
odd function (función impar)
parameter (parámetro)
Understand Vocabulary
To become familiar with some of the vocabulary terms in the module, consider the
following. You may refer to the module, the glossary, or a dictionary.

1. A ? is a constant in the equation of a curve that yields a family of similar

curves as it changes.
2. A function f(x) such that f(x) = f(–x) is an ? .
3. A compound statement that uses the word or is a ? .

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Active Reading
Three-Panel Flip Chart Before beginning each lesson,
create a three-panel flip chart to help you summarize important
aspects of the lesson. As you study each lesson, record algebraic
examples of functions on the first flap, their graphs on the
second flap, and analyses of the functions on the third flap. Add
to flip charts from previous lessons by extending the analyses
of the functions when possible. For equations and inequalities,
record an example on the first flap, a worked out solution on the
second flap, and a graph on the third flap.

Unit 1 2
 1.1 Domain, Range,
and End Behavior
Essential Question: How can you determine the domain, range, and end behavior of a
Resource
function? Locker

Explore Representing an Interval on a Number Line

An interval is a part of a number line without any breaks. A finite interval has two endpoints, which may or may not
be included in the interval. An infinite interval is unbounded at one or both ends.

Suppose an interval consists of all real numbers greater than or equal to 1. You can use the inequality x ≥ 1 to
represent the interval. You can also use set notation and interval notation, as shown in the table.

Description of Interval Type of Interval Inequality Set Notation Interval notation

All real numbers from a to b,

Finite a≤x≤b {x|a ≤ x ≤ b} [a, b]
including a and b
All real numbers greater than a Infinite x>a {x|x > a} (a, +∞)
All real numbers less than or
Infinite x≤a {x|x ≤ a} (−∞, a]
equal to a

For set notation, the vertical bar means “such that,” so you read {x|x ≥ 1} as “the set of real numbers x such
that x is greater than or equal to 1.”

For interval notation, do the following:

t
Use a square bracket to indicate that an interval includes an endpoint and a parenthesis to indicate
that an interval doesn’t include an endpoint.
t
For an interval that is unbounded at its positive end, use the symbol for positive infinity, +∞.
For an interval that unbounded at its negative end, use the symbol for negative infinity, -∞.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Always use a parenthesis with positive or negative infinity.

So, you can write the interval x ≥ 1 as [1, +∞).

Complete the table by writing the finite interval shown on each number line as an
inequality, using set notation, and using interval notation.

Finite Interval -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Inequality ? ?
Set Notation ? ?
Interval
Notation ? ?

Module 1 5 Lesson 1
 Complete the table by writing the infinite interval shown on each number line as an
inequality, using set notation, and using interval notation.

Infinite Interval -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Inequality ? ?

Set Notation ? ?
Interval
Notation ? ?

Reflect

1. Consider the interval shown on the number line.

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

a. Represent the interval using interval notation.

b. What numbers are in this interval?

2. What do the intervals [0, 5], [0, 5), and (0, 5) have in common? What makes them different?
3. Discussion The symbol ∪ represents the union of two sets. What do you think the notation
(-∞, 0) ∪ (0, + ∞) represents?

Explain 1 Identifying a Function’s Domain, Range

and End Behavior from its Graph
Recall that the domain of a function f is the set of input values x, and the range y
is the set of output values ƒ(x). The end behavior of a function describes 4
what happens to the ƒ(x)-values as the x-values either increase without bound

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

(approach positive infinity) or decrease without bound (approach negative 2
infinity). For instance, consider the graph of a linear function shown. From the x
graph, you can make the following observations. -4 -2 0 2 4
-2

-4

Statement of End Behavior Symbolic Form of Statement

As the x-values increase without bound, the f(x)-values As x → +∞, f(x) → +∞.
also increase without bound.
As the x-values decrease without bound, the f(x)-values As x → -∞, f(x) → -∞.
also decrease without bound.

Module 1 6 Lesson 1
 Example 1 Write the domain and the range of the function as an inequality, using set notation,
and using interval notation. Also describe the end behavior of the function.

The graph of the quadratic function f(x) = x 2

is shown.
4
y

Domain:
2
Inequality: −∞ < x < +∞ x
Set notation: {x| −∞ < x < +∞} -4 -2 0 2 4
-2
Interval notation: (−∞, +∞)
-4
Range: End behavior:

Inequality: y ≥ 0 As x → +∞, f(x) → +∞.

Set notation: {y|y ≥ 0} As x → −∞, f(x) → +∞.

Interval notation: [0, +∞)

The graph of the exponential function ƒ(x) = 2 x

is shown.
4
y

Domain:
2
Inequality: −∞ < x < +∞ x
Set notation: {x| −∞ < x < +∞} -4 -2 0 2 4
-2
Interval notation: (−∞, +∞)
-4
Range:

Inequality: y>0

Set notation: {y|y > 0}

Interval notation: (0, +∞)

End behavior:
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

As x → +∞, f(x) → +∞.

As x → −∞, f(x) → 0.

Reflect

4. Why is the end behavior of a quadratic function different from the end behavior of a linear function?
5. In Part B, the ƒ(x)-values decrease as the x-values decrease. So, why can’t you say that f(x) → −∞ as
x → −∞?

Module 1 7 Lesson 1
 Your Turn

Write the domain and the range of the function as an inequality, using set notation,
and using interval notation. Also describe the end behavior of the function.

6. The graph of the quadratic function ƒ(x) = −x2 is shown. y

4

2
x
-4 -2 0 2 4
-2

-4

Explain 2 Graphing a Linear Function

on a Restricted Domain
Unless otherwise stated, a function is assumed to have a domain consisting of all real numbers
for which the function is defined. Many functions—such as linear, quadratic, and exponential
functions—are defined all real numbers, so their domain, when written in interval notation,
is (-∞, +∞). Another way to write the set of real numbers is ℝ.

Sometimes a function may have a restricted domain. If the rule for a function and its restricted
domain are given, you can draw its graph and then identify its range.

Example 2 For the given function and domain, draw the graph and identify the range
using the same notation as the given domain.

ƒ(x) = __34 x +2 with domain [-4, 4] 6

y

Since ƒ(x) = __34 x +2 is a linear function, the graph is a line segment

4
with endpoints at (-4, ƒ(-4)), or (-4, -1), and (4, ƒ(4)), or (4, 5).
The endpoints are included in the graph.
2
The range is [-1, 5]. x
-2

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

0 2 4
-2

ƒ(x) = -x - 2 with domain {x|x > -3} 4

y

Since ƒ(x) = -x -2 is a linear function, the graph is a ray with its

2
endpoint at (-3, ƒ(-3)),or (-3, 1). The endpoint is not included
in the graph. The range is {y|y < 1}. x
-4 -2 0 2 4
-2
Reflect

7. In Part A, how does the graph change if the domain is (-4, 4) instead -4
of [-4, 4]?
8. In Part B, what is the end behavior as x increases without bound?
Why can’t you talk about the end behavior as x decreases without bound?

Module 1 8 Lesson 1
 Your Turn

For the given function and domain, draw the graph and identify the range using the
same notation as the given domain.
9. ƒ(x) = -_ 1 x + 2 with domain -6 ≤ x < 2 10. f(x) = _2 x -1 with domain (−∞, 3]
2 3

Explain 3 Modeling with a Linear Function

Recall that when a real-world situation involves a constant rate of change, a linear function is a reasonable model for
the situation. The situation may require restricting the function’s domain.

Example 3 Write a function that models the given situation. Determine a domain from
the situation, graph the function using that domain, and identify the range.

Joyce jogs at a rate of 1 mile every 10 minutes for a total of 40 minutes. (Use inequalities for
the domain and range of the function that models this situation.)

Joyce’s jogging rate is 0.1 mi/min. Her jogging distance d (in miles) at any time t
(in minutes) is modeled by d(t) = 0.1t. Since she jogs for 40 minutes, the domain is
restricted to the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 40.

d
4
Distance (mi)

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0
10 20 30 40
Time (min)

The range is 0 ≤ d ≤ 4.

A candle 6 inches high burns at a rate of 1 inch every 2 hours for 8
h
5 hours. (Use interval notation for the domain and range of the
7
function that models this situation.)
Height (in.)
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6
5
The candle’s burning rate is -0.5 in./h.
4
The candle’s height h (in inches) at any time t (in hours) is 3
modeled by h(t) = 6 - 0.5t. Since the candle burns for 5 hours, the 2
domain is restricted 1
⎡ ⎤ t
to the interval ⎢0, 5 ⎥. 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
⎣ ⎦
The range is [3.5, 6]. Time (h)

Module 1 9 Lesson 1
 Reflect

11. In Part A, suppose Joyce jogs for only 30 minutes.

A. How does the domain change?

B. How does the graph change?

C. How does the range change?

Your Turn

12. While standing on a moving walkway at an airport, you are carried forward 25 feet every 15 seconds for 1
minute. Write a function that models this situation. Determine the domain from the situation, graph the
function, and identify the range. Use set notation for the domain and range.

Elaborate
13. If a and b are real numbers such that a < b, use interval notation to write four different intervals having
a and b as endpoints. Describe what numbers each interval includes.
14. What impact does restricting the domain of a linear function have on the graph of the function?
15. Essential Question Check-In How does slope determine the end behavior of a linear function with an
unrestricted domain?

Evaluate: Homework and Practice

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notation, and using interval notation.

3 4 5 6 7 8

3. Write the interval -25 ≤ x < 30 4. Write the interval {x| -3 < x < 5}
using set notation and interval as an inequality and using interval

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

notation. notation.

Write the domain and the range of the function as an inequality, using set
notation, and using interval notation. Also describe the end behavior of the
function or explain why there is no end behavior.
5. The graph of the quadratic function 6. The graph of the exponential function
f(x) = x 2 + 2 is shown. f(x) = 3 x is shown.
y y
24
6
18
4
12
2
x 6

-4 -2 0 2 4 x
-4 -2 0 2 4

Module 1 10 Lesson 1
 7. The graph of the linear function 8. The graph of a function is shown.
g(x) = 2x - 2 is shown.

y y
4

2 2
x x
-4 -2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2 4
-2 -2

-4

For the given function and domain, draw the graph and identify
the range using the same notation as the given domain.
9. f(x) = −x + 5 with domain [−3, 2] 3 x + 1 with domain
10. f(x) = _
2
{x |x > − 2}

Write a function that models the given situation. Determine the domain from
the situation, graph the function using that domain, and identify the range.
11. A bicyclist travels at a constant speed of
12 miles per hour for a total of 45 minutes.
(Use set notation for the domain and
range of the function that models
this situation.)
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12. An elevator in a tall building starts at a floor of the building

that is 90 meters above the ground. The elevator descends
2 meters every 0.5 second for 6 seconds. (Use an inequality
for the domain and range of the function that models this situation.)

H.O.T. Focus on Higher Order Thinking

13. Explain the Error Cameron sells tickets at a movie theater. On Friday night, she
worked from 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. and sold about 25 tickets every hour. Cameron says
that the number of tickets, n, she has sold at any time t (in hours) can be modeled
by the function n(t) = 25t, where the domain is 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 and the range is
0 ≤ n ≤ 25. Is Cameron’s function, along with the domain and range, correct?
Explain.
Alamy

Module 1 11 Lesson 1
14. Multi-Step The graph of the cubic function ƒ(x) = x 3 is shown. y
100
a. What are the domain, range, and end behavior of the
function? (Write the domain and range as an inequality, using 50
set notation, and using interval notation.) x
-4 0 2 4
b. How is the range of the function affected if the domain is
restricted to [-4, 4]? (Write the range as an inequality, using -50
set notation, and using interval notation.)
-100
c. Graph the function with the restricted domain.

15. Represent Real-World Situations The John James Audubon Bridge is a cable-
stayed bridge in Louisiana that opened in 2011. The height from the bridge deck to
the top of the tower where a particular cable is anchored is about 500 feet, and the
length of that cable is about 1200 feet. Draw the cable on a coordinate plane, letting
the x-axis represent the bridge deck and the y-axis represent the tower. (Only use
positive values of x and y.) Write a linear function whose graph models the cable.
Identify the domain and range, writing each as an inequality, using set notation, and
using interval notation.

Lesson Performance Task

The fuel efficiency for a 2007 passenger car was 31.2 mi/gal. For the same
model of car, the fuel efficiency increased to 35.6 mi/gal in 2012. The gas
tank for this car holds 16 gallons of gas.

a. Write and graph a linear function that models the distance

that each car can travel for a given amount of gas (up to one
tankful).

b. Write the domain and range of each function using interval

notation.

c. Write and simplify a function ƒ(g) that represents the

difference in the distance that the 2012 car can travel and the

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

distance that the 2007 car can travel on the same amount of
gas. Interpret this function using the graphs of the functions
from part a. Also find and interpret ƒ(16).

d. Write the domain and range of the difference function using

set notation.

Module 1 12 Lesson 1
 1.2 Characteristics of
Function Graphs
Essential Question: What are some of the attributes of a function, and how are they related
Resource
to the function’s graph? Locker

Explore Identifying Attributes of a Function from Its Graph

You can identify several attributes of a function by analyzing its y
1.5
graph. For instance, for the graph shown, you can see that the
1
function’s domain is {x|0 ≤ x ≤ 11} and its range is {y| −1 ≤ y ≤ 1}.
0.5
Use the graph to explore the function’s other attributes. x
0
-0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Are the values of the function on the interval {x|1 < x < 3} -1
-1.5
positive or negative?

 Are the values of the function on the interval {x|8 < x < 9}
positive or negative?

A function is increasing on an interval if ƒ(x 1) < ƒ(x 2) when x 1 < x 2 for any x-values x 1 and x 2 from the interval.
The graph of a function that is increasing on an interval rises from left to right on that interval. Similarly, a function
is decreasing on an interval if ƒ(x 1) > ƒ(x 2) when x 1 < x 2 for any x-values x 1 and x 2 from the interval. The graph
of a function that is decreasing on an interval falls from left to right on that interval.

Is the given function increasing or decreasing on the interval {x|2 ≤ x ≤ 4}?
Is the given function increasing or decreasing on the interval {x|4 ≤ x ≤ 6}?
For the two points (x 1, ƒ(x 1)) and (x 2, ƒ(x 2)) on the graph of a function, the average rate of change of the function
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

is the ratio of the change in the function values, ƒ(x 2) - ƒ(x 1), to the change in the x-values, x 2 - x 1. For a linear
function, the rate of change is constant and represents the slope of the function’s graph.

 What is the given function’s average rate of change on the interval {x|0 ≤ x ≤ 2}?

A function may change from increasing to decreasing or from decreasing to increasing at turning points. The value
of ƒ(x) at a point where a function changes from increasing to decreasing is a maximum value. A maximum value
occurs at a point that appears higher than all nearby points on the graph of the function. Similarly, the value of ƒ(x)
at a point where a function changes from decreasing to increasing is a minimum value. A minimum value occurs
at a point that appears lower than all nearby points on the graph of the function. If the graph of a function has an
endpoint, the value of f(x) at that point is considered a maximum or minimum value of the function if the point is
higher or lower, respectively, than all nearby points.

 At how many points does the given function change from increasing to decreasing?

Module 1 13 Lesson 2
 What is the function’s value at these points?

 At how many points does the given function change from decreasing to increasing?

 What is the function’s value at these points?

A zero of a function is a value of x for which ƒ(x) = 0. On a graph of the function, the zeros are the x-intercepts.

 How many x-intercepts does the given function’s graph have?

 Identify the zeros of the function.

Reflect

1. Discussion Identify three different intervals that have the same average rate of change, and state what the
rate of change is.
2. Discussion If a function is increasing on an interval {x|a ≤ x ≤ b}, what can you say about its average
rate of change on the interval? Explain.

Explain 1 Sketching a Function’s Graph

from a Verbal Description
By understanding the attributes of a function, you can sketch a graph from a verbal description.

Example 1 Sketch a graph of the following verbal descriptions.

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection transmitted to humans Probability of Transmission

by ticks. When an infected tick bites a human, the probability from Infected Tick
of transmission is a function of the time since the tick y
attached itself to the skin. During the first 24 hours, the 100
90
probability is 0%. During the next three 24-hour periods,
80
Probability (%)

the rate of change in the probability is always positive, but 70

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

it is much greater for the middle period than the other 60
two periods. After 96 hours, the probability is almost 50
100%. Sketch a graph of the function for the probability of 40
transmission. 30
20
Identify the axes and scales. 10 x
0 24 48 72 96 120
The x-axis will be time (in hours) and will run from 0 to at
least 96. The y-axis will be the probability of infection (as a Time tick attached (h)
percent) from 0 to 100.

Identify key intervals.

The intervals are in increments of 24 hours: 0 to 24, 24 to 48, 48 to 72, 72 to 96, and 96 to 120.

Sketch the graph of the function.

Draw a horizontal segment at y = 0 for the first 24-hour interval. The function increases over the next
three 24-hour intervals with the middle interval having the greatest increase (the steepest slope). After
96 hours, the graph is nearly horizontal at 100%.
Module 1 14 Lesson 2
  The incidence of a disease is the rate at which a disease occurs in a population. It is
calculated by dividing the number of new cases of a disease in a given time period (typically
a year) by the size of the population. To avoid small decimal numbers, the rate is often
expressed in terms of a large number of people rather than a single person. For instance,
the incidence of measles in the United States in 1974 was about 10 cases per 100,000 people.

From 1974 to 1980, there were drastic fluctuations in the Incidence of

incidence of measles in the United States. In 1975, there was Measles in the U.S.
a slight increase in incidence from 1974. The next two years

Incidence (cases per

y

100,000 people)
saw a substantial increase in the incidence, which reached 30
a maximum in 1977 of about 26 cases per 100,000 people. 25
From 1977 to 1979, the incidence fell to about 5 cases per 20
100,000 people. The incidence fell much faster from 1977 15
to 1978 than from 1978 to 1979. Finally, from 1979 to 1980, 10
the incidence stayed about the same. Sketch a graph of the 5 x
function for the incidence of measles. 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Identify the axes and scales. Time (years since 1974)

The x-axis will represent time given by years and will run
from 0 to 6. The y-axis will represent incidence of measles, measured in cases per 100,000 people, and will
run from 0 to 30.

Identify key intervals.

The intervals are one-year increments from 0 to 6.

Sketch the graph of the function.

The first point on the graph is (0, 10). The graph slightly rises from x = 0 to x = 1.

From x = 1 to x = 3, the graph rises to a maximum y-value of 26.

The graph falls steeply from x = 3 to x = 4 and then falls less steeply from x = 4 to x = 5.

The graph is horizontal from x = 5 to x = 6.

Reflect
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. In Part B, the graph is horizontal from 1979 to 1980. What can you say about the rate of change for the
function on this interval?

Your Turn

4. A grocery store stocks shelves with 100 cartons of strawberries before the store opens. For the first 3 hours
the store is open, the store sells 20 cartons per hour. Over the next 2 hours, no cartons of strawberries are
sold. The store then restocks 10 cartons each hour for the next 2 hours. In the final hour that the store is
open, 30 cartons are sold. Sketch a graph of the function.

Module 1 15 Lesson 2
 Explain 2 Modeling with a Linear Function
When given a set of paired data, you can use a scatter plot to see whether the data show a linear trend. If so, you can
use a graphing calculator to perform linear regression and obtain a linear function that models the data. You should
treat the least and greatest x-values of the data as the boundaries of the domain of the linear model.

When you perform linear regression, a graphing calculator will report the value of the correlation coefficient r.
This variable can have a value from -1 to 1. It measures the direction and strength of the relationship between the
variables x and y. If the value of r is negative, the y-values tend to decrease as the x-values increase. If the value of r is
positive, the y-values tend to increase as the x-values increase. The more linear the relationship between x and y is, the
closer the value of r is to -1 or 1 (or the closer the value of r 2 is to 1).

You can use the linear model to make predictions and decisions based on the data. Making a prediction within the
domain of the linear model is called interpolation. Making a prediction outside the domain is called extrapolation.

Example 2 Perform a linear regression for the given situation and make predictions.

A photographer hiked through the Grand Canyon. Each day

Grand Canyon Photos
she stored photos on a memory card for her digital camera.
When she returned from the trip, she deleted some photos Photos Taken Photos Kept
from each memory card, saving only the best. The table shows 117 25
the number of photos she kept from all those stored on each 128 31
memory card. Use a graphing calculator to create a scatter plot
140 39
of the data, find a linear regression model, and graph the
model. Then use the model to predict the number of photos 157 52
the photographer will keep if she takes 150 photos. 110 21
188 45
170 42

Step 1: Create a scatter plot of the data.

Let x represent the number of photos taken, and let y
represent the number of photos kept. Use a viewing window
that shows x-values from 100 to 200 and y-values from 0 to 60.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Notice that the trend in the data appears to be roughly linear, with
y-values generally increasing as x-values increase.

Step 2: Perform linear regression. Write the linear model and its
domain.
The linear regression model is y = 0.33x - 11.33. Its domain is
{x|110 ≤ x ≤ 188}.

Step 3: Graph the model along with the data to obtain a visual
check on the goodness of fit.
Notice that one of the data points is much farther from the line than
the other data points are. The value of the correlation coefficient r
would be closer to 1 without this data point.

Module 1 16 Lesson 2
 Step 4: Predict the number of photos this photographer will keep if she takes 150
photos.
Evaluate the linear function when x = 150: y = 0.33(150) - 11.33 ≈ 38. So, she will keep
about 38 photos if she takes 150 photos.

 As a science project, Shelley is studying the relationship of car mileage (in miles per gallon)
and speed (in miles per hour). The table shows the data Shelley gathered using her family’s
vehicle. Use a graphing calculator to create a scatter plot of the data, find a linear regression
model, and graph the model. Then use the model to predict the gas mileage of the car at a
speed of 20 miles per hour.

Speed (mi/h) 30 40 50 60 70
Mileage (mi/gal) 34.0 33.5 31.5 29.0 27.5

Step 1: Create a scatter plot of the data.

What do x and y represent?
Let x represent the car’s speed, and let y represent the car’s gas mileage.

What viewing window will you use?

Use a window that shows x-values from 0 to 80 and y-values from 0 to
40.

What trend do you observe?

The trend in the data appears to be quite linear, with y-values generally
decreasing as x-values increase.

Step 2: Perform linear regression. Write the linear model and its
domain.
The linear regression model is y = −0.175x + 39.85. Its domain is
{x|30 ≤ x ≤ 70}.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Step 3: Graph the model along with the data to obtain a visual check
on the goodness of fit.
What can you say about the goodness of fit? As expected from the fact that
the value of r from Step 2 is very close to −1, the line passes through or
comes close to passing through all the data points.

Step 4: Predict the gas mileage of the car at a speed of 20 miles per hour.
Evaluate the linear function when x = 20: y = −0.175(20) + 39.85 ≈ 36.4. So, the car’s gas mileage
should be about 36.4 mi/gal at a speed of 20 mi/h.

Module 1 17 Lesson 2
 Reflect

5. Identify whether each prediction in Parts A and B is an interpolation or an extrapolation.

Your Turn

6. Vern created a website for his school’s sports teams. He has a hit counter on his
site that lets him know how many people have visited the site. The table shows the
number of hits the site received each day for the first two weeks. Use a graphing
calculator to find the linear regression model. Then predict how many hits there will
be on day 15.

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Hits 5 10 21 24 28 36 33 21 27 40 46 50 31 38

Elaborate
7. How are the attributes of increasing and decreasing related to average rate of change? How are the
attributes of maximum and minimum values related to the attributes of increasing and decreasing?
8. How can line segments be used to sketch graphs of functions that model real-world situations?
9. When making predictions based on a linear model, would you expect interpolated or extrapolated values to
be more accurate? Justify your answer.
10. Essential Question Check-In What are some of the attributes of a function?

Evaluate: Homework and Practice

The graph shows a function that models the value V (in millions of dollars) of a t
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)JOUT
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t
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© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3 V
Value (millions of dollars)

t
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time (months)
1. On what interval is the function decreasing?
On what intervals is the function increasing?

Module 1 18 Lesson 2
 2. Identify any maximum values and minimum values.

3. What are the function’s domain and range?

The table of values gives the probability

P(n) for getting all 5’s when rolling a n 1 2 3 4 5
number cube n times.

P(n) 1
_ _1 _
1 _ 1 _1
6 36 216 1296 7776

4. Is P(n) increasing or decreasing? Explain the significance of this.

5. What is the end behavior of P(n)? Explain the significance of this.

6. The table shows some values of a function. On which intervals is the function’s average rate of change
positive? Select all that apply.

x 0 1 2 3

f(x) 50 75 40 65

a. From x = 0 to x = 1 c. From x = 0 to x = 3 e. From x = 1 to x = 3

b. From x = 0 to x = 2 d. From x = 1 to x = 2 f. From x = 2 to x = 3

Use the graph of the function ƒ(x) to identify the function’s specified attributes.

7. Find the function’s average rate of change over each interval.

a. From x = -3 to x = -2 b. From x = -2 to x = 1 y
4
f(x)
c. From x = 0 to x = 1 d. From x = 1 to x = 2 2
x
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

-4 -2 0 4
-2
e. From x = -1 to x = 0 f. From x = -1 to x = 2
-4

8. On what intervals are the function’s values positive?

9. On what intervals are the function’s values negative?
10. What are the zeros of the function?
11. The following describes the United States nuclear stockpile from 1944 to 1974. From 1944 to 1958, there
was a gradual increase in the number of warheads from 0 to about 5000. From 1958 to 1966, there was a
rapid increase in the number of warheads to a maximum of about 32,000. From 1966 to 1970, there was a
decrease in the number of warheads to about 26,000. Finally, from 1970 to 1974, there was a small increase
to about 28,000 warheads. Sketch a graph of the function.

Module 1 19 Lesson 2
12. The following describes the unemployment rate in the United States from 2003 to 2013. In 2003, the
unemployment rate was at 6.3%. The unemployment rate began to fall over the years and reached a
minimum of about 4.4% in 2007. A recession that began in 2007 caused the unemployment rate to
increase over a two-year period and reach a maximum of about 10% in 2009. The unemployment rate then
decreased over the next four years to about 7.0% in 2013. Sketch a graph of the function.
13. The following describes the incidence of mumps in the United States from 1984 to 2004. From 1984 to
1985, there was no change in the incidence of mumps, staying at about 1 case per 100,000 people. Then
there was a spike in the incidence of mumps, which reached a peak of about 5.5 cases per 100,000 in 1987.
Over the next year, there was a sharp decline in the incidence of mumps, to about 2 cases per 100,000
people in 1988. Then, from 1988 to 1989, there was a small increase to about 2.5 cases per 100,000 people.
This was followed by a gradual decline, which reached a minimum of about 0.1 case per 100,000 in 1999.
For the next five years, there was no change in the incidence of mumps. Sketch a graph of the function.
14. Aviation The table gives the lengths and wingspans of airplanes in an airline’s fleet.

737 Super 80 757 767 A300 777

130 ft 148 ft 155 ft 178 ft 180 ft 209 ft

113 ft 108 ft 124 ft 147 ft 156 ft 200 ft

a. Make a scatter plot of the data with x representing length and y representing
wingspan.
b. Sketch a line of fit.

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c. Use the line of fit to predict the wingspan of an airplane with a length of 220 feet.
15. Golf The table shows the height (in feet) of a golf ball at various times
(in seconds) after a golfer hits the ball into the air.

Time (s) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Height (ft) 0 28 48 60 64 60 48 28 0

a. Graph the data in the table. Then draw a smooth curve through the
data points. (Because the golf ball is a projectile, its height h at time t $PSCJT
C
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-BXMFTT4IVUUFSTUPDL
can be modeled by a quadratic function whose graph is a parabola.)
b. What is the maximum height that the golf ball reaches?
c. On what interval is the golf ball’s height increasing?
d. On what interval is the golf ball’s height decreasing?
16. The model a = 0.25t + 29 represents the median age a of females in the
United States as a function of time t (in years since 1970).
a. Predict the median age of females in 1995.
b. Predict the median age of females in 2015 to the nearest tenth.

Module 1 20 Lesson 2
 H.O.T. Focus on Higher Order Thinking

17. Make a Prediction Anthropologists who study skeletal

remains can predict a woman’s height just from the length of
her humerus, the bone between the elbow and the shoulder.
The table gives data for humerus length and overall height
for various women.

Humerus Length (cm)  27     27 

Height (cm)        

Using a graphing calculator, find the linear regression model and state its domain.
Then predict a woman’s height from a humerus that is 32 cm long, and tell whether
the prediction is an interpolation or an extrapolation.

18. Make a Prediction Hummingbird wing beat rates are

much higher than those in other birds. The table gives
data about the mass and the frequency of wing beats for
various species of hummingbirds.

Mass (g)       

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Frequency of Wing Beats       

(beats per second)

a. Using a graphing calculator, find the linear regression model and state its domain.
b. Predict the frequency of wing beats for a Giant Hummingbird with a mass of
19 grams.
c. Comment on the reasonableness of the prediction and what, if anything, is wrong
with the model.
19. Explain the Error A student calculates a function’s average rate of change on an interval and finds that
it is 0. The student concludes that the function is constant on the interval. Explain the student’s error, and
give an example to support your explanation.
20. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Describe a way to obtain a linear model for a set of data without
using a graphing calculator.

Module 1 21 Lesson 2
Lesson Performance Task
Since 1980 scientists have used data from satellite sensors to calculate
Arctic Sea Ice Extent
a daily measure of Arctic sea ice extent. Sea ice extent is calculated

Sea Ice Extent (million km2)

as the sum of the areas of sea ice covering the ocean where the ice 16
concentration is greater than 15%. The graph here shows seasonal 14
variations in sea ice extent for 2012, 2013, and the average values for 12
the 1980s. 10
8
a. According to the graph, during which month does sea 6 1980’s Average
ice extent usually reach its maximum? During which 4 2012
month does the minimum extent generally occur? What 2 2013
can you infer about the reason for this pattern? 0

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
b. Sea ice extent reached its lowest level to date in 2012.
About how much less was the minimum extent in 2012 Months
compared with the average minimum for the 1980s?
About what percentage of the 1980s average minimum
was the 2012 minimum?

c. How does the maximum extent in 2012 compare with the average maximum for the 1980s?
About what percentage of the 1980s average maximum was the 2012 maximum?

d. What do the patterns in the maximum and minimum values suggest about how climate
change may be affecting sea ice extent?

e. How do the 2013 maximum and minimum values compare with those for 2012? What possible
explanation can you suggest for the differences?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Module 1 22 Lesson 2
 1.3 Transformations
of Function Graphs
Essential Question: What are the ways you can transform the graph of the function f(x)?
Resource
Locker

Explore 1 Investigating Translations 6

y

of Function Graphs 4
You can transform the graph of a function in various ways. You can translate 2
the graph horizontally or vertically, you can stretch or compress the graph x
horizontally or vertically, and you can reflect the graph across the x-axis or the
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
y-axis. How the graph of a given function is transformed is determined by the
way certain numbers, called parameters, are introduced in the function.
-4
The graph of ƒ(x) is shown. Copy this graph and use the same grid for the
exploration. -6

First graph g(x) = ƒ(x) + k where k is the parameter. Let k = 4 so

that g(x) = ƒ(x) + 4. Complete the input-output table and then graph g(x). In general, how
is the graph of g(x) = ƒ(x) + k related to the graph of ƒ(x) when k is a positive number?

x f(x) f(x) + 4
-1 -2 2
1 2 6

3 -2 ?
5 2 ?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

x f(x) f(x) - 3
 Now try a negative value of k in g(x) = ƒ(x) + k.
Let k = -3 so that g(x) = ƒ(x) - 3. Complete the input- -1 -2 -5
output table and then graph g(x) on the same grid. 1 2 -1
In general, how is the graph of g(x) = ƒ(x) + k related
to the graph of ƒ(x) when k is a negative number? 3 -2 ?
5 2 ?

Module 1 23 Lesson 3
Now graph g(x) = ƒ(x - h) where h is the parameter. Let h = 2 so that g(x) = ƒ(x - 2).
Complete the mapping diagram and then graph g(x) with f(x). (To complete the mapping
diagram, you need to find the inputs for g that produce the inputs for ƒ after you subtract 2.
Work backward from the inputs for ƒ to the missing inputs for g by adding 2.) In general, how
is the graph of g(x) = ƒ(x - h) related to the graph of ƒ(x) when h is a positive number?

Input Input Output Output

for g for f for f for g
-2
1 -1 -2 -2
3 1 2 2
? 3 -2 -2
? 5 2 2

 Make a Conjecture How would you expect the graph of g(x) = ƒ(x - h) to be related to
the graph of ƒ(x) when h is a negative number?

Reflect

1. Suppose a function ƒ(x) has a domain of ⎡⎣x 1, x 2⎤⎦ and a range of ⎡⎣y 1, y 2⎤⎦. When the graph of ƒ(x) is
translated vertically k units where k is either positive or negative, how do the domain and range change?
2. Suppose a function ƒ(x) has a domain of ⎡⎣x 1, x 2⎤⎦ and a range of ⎡⎣y 1, y 2⎤⎦. When the graph of ƒ(x) is
translated horizontally h units where h is either positive or negative, how do the domain and range change?
3. You can transform the graph of ƒ(x) to obtain the graph of g(x) = ƒ(x - h) + k by combining
transformations. Predict what will happen by completing the table.

Sign of h Sign of k Transformations of the Graph of f(x)

+ + Translate right h units and up k units.

+ - ?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

- + ?
- - ?

Module 1 24 Lesson 3
 Explore 2 Investigating Stretches and Compressions
of Function Graphs
In this activity, you will consider what happens when you multiply by a positive parameter inside or outside a
function. Throughout, you will use the same function ƒ(x) that you used in the previous activity.

First graph g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x) where a is the parameter. Let a = 2

6
so that g(x) = 2ƒ(x). Complete the input-output table and then
graph g(x) with f(x). In general, how is the graph of 4
g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x) related to the graph of ƒ(x) when a is greater 2
than 1? x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
x f(x) 2f(x)
-1 -2 -4 -4
1 2 4
-6
3 -2 ?
5 2 ?

 Now try a value of a between 0 and 1 in g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x). Let a = _12 so that g(x) = _12ƒ(x).
Complete the input-output table and then graph g(x) with f(x). In general, how is the graph
of g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x) related to the graph of ƒ(x) when a is a number between 0 and 1?

x f(x) __1 f(x)

2
-1 -2 -1
1 2 1

3 -2 ?
5 2 ?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

 ( ) ( )
Now graph g(x) = ƒ __b1 ⋅ x where b is the parameter. Let b = 2 so that g(x) = ƒ __12 x .
Complete the mapping diagram and then graph g(x) with f(x). (To complete the mapping
diagram, you need to find the inputs for g that produce the inputs for f after you multiply
by _12. Work backward from the inputs for f to the missing inputs for g by multiplying by 2.)
In general, how is the graph of g(x) = ƒ( __b1 x ) related to the graph of ƒ(x) when b is a number
greater than 1?
Input Input Output Output
for g 1
for f for f for g
· 2
-2 -1 -2 -2
2 1 2 2
? 3 -2 -2
? 5 2 2

 ( )
Make a Conjecture How would you expect the graph of g(x) = ƒ __b1 ⋅ x to be related
to the graph of ƒ(x) when b is a number between 0 and 1?

Module 1 25 Lesson 3
 Reflect

4. Suppose a function ƒ(x) has a domain of ⎡⎣x 1, x 2⎤⎦ and a range of ⎡⎣y 1, y 2⎤⎦. When the graph of ƒ(x) is
stretched or compressed vertically by a factor of a, how do the domain and range change?

5. You can transform the graph of ƒ(x) to obtain the graph of g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x-h) + k by combining
transformations. Predict what will happen by completing the table.

Value of a Transformations of the Graph of f(x)

Stretch vertically by a factor of a, and translate h units horizontally and
a>1
k units vertically.

0<a<1 ?

6. You can transform the graph of ƒ(x) to obtain the graph of g(x) = ƒ ( __1 (x - h) ) + k by combining
b
transformations. Predict what will happen by completing the table.

Value of b Transformations of the Graph of f(x)

Stretch horizontally by a factor of b, and translate h units horizontally
b>1
and k units vertically.

0<b<1 ?

Explore 3 Investigating Reflections of Function Graphs

When the parameter in a stretch or compression is negative, another y
transformation called a reflection is introduced. Examining reflections will 6
also tell you whether a function is an even ƒunction or an odd ƒunction. An 4
even function is one for which ƒ(-x) = ƒ(x) for all x in the domain of the
function, while an odd function is one for which ƒ(-x) = -ƒ(x) for all x 2
in the domain of the function. A function is not necessarily even or odd; it x
can be neither. -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

First graph g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x) where a = -1. Complete the input- -4
output table and then graph g(x) = -ƒ(x) with f(x). In general,
how is the graph of g(x) = -ƒ(x) related to the graph of ƒ(x)? -6

x f(x) -f(x)
-1 -2 2
1 2 -2

3 -2 ?
5 2 ?

Module 1 26 Lesson 3
  Now graph g(x) = ƒ ( __1 ⋅ x ) where b = -1. Complete the input-output table and then
b
graph g(x) = ƒ(-x) with f(x). In general, how is the graph of g(x) = ƒ(-x) related to the
graph of ƒ(x)?

Input Input Output Output

for g for f for f for g
· (-1)
1 -1 -2 -2
-1 1 2 2
? 3 -2 -2
? 5 2 2

Reflect

7. Discussion Suppose a function ƒ(x) has a domain of ⎡⎣x 1, x 2⎤⎦ and a range of ⎡⎣y 1, y 2⎤⎦. When the graph of
ƒ(x) is reflected across the x-axis, how do the domain and range change?
8. For a function ƒ(x), suppose the graph of ƒ(-x), the reflection of the graph of ƒ(x) across the y-axis, is
identical to the graph of ƒ(x). What does this tell you about ƒ(x)? Explain.
9. Is the function whose graph you reflected across the axes in Steps A and B an even function, an odd
function, or neither? Explain.

Explain 1 Transforming the Graph of the Parent

Quadratic Function
y
4
You can use transformations of the graph of a basic function, called a
parent function, to obtain the graph of a related function. To do so, focus on
2
how the transformations affect reference points on the graph of the parent
function. x
-4 -2 0 2 4
For instance, the parent quadratic function is ƒ(x) = x 2. The graph of this
-2
function is a U-shaped curve called a parabola with a turning point, called a
vertex, at (0, 0). The vertex is a useful reference point, as are the points (-1, 1)
-4
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

and (1, 1).

Example 1 Describe how to transform the graph of f (x) = x 2 to obtain the graph of
the related function g(x). Then draw the graph of g(x).

g(x) = -3ƒ(x - 2) -4

Parameter
and Its Value Effect on the Parent Graph
a = -3 vertical stretch of the graph of ƒ(x) by a factor of 3 and a reflection across the x-axis

b=1 Since b = 1, there is no horizontal stretch or compression.

h=2 horizontal translation of the graph of ƒ(x) to the right 2 units

k = -4 vertical translation of the graph of ƒ(x) down 4 units

Module 1 27 Lesson 3
 Applying these transformations to a point (x, y) on the parent graph results in the point (x + 2, -3y -4).
The table shows what happens to the three reference points on the graph of ƒ(x).

Point on the Graph of f(x) Corresponding Point on g(x)

(-1, 1) (-1 + 2, -3 (1) - 4) = (1, -7)
(0, 0) (0 + 2, -3 (0) - 4) = (2, -4)
(1, 1) (1 + 2, -3 (1) - 4) = (3, -7)

Use the transformed reference points to graph g(x). y x

-2 0 2 4 6
-2

-4

-6

-8

 (
g(x) = ƒ _
2 )
1 (x + 5) + 2

Parameter
and Its Value Effect on the Parent Graph

a= 1 Since a = 1, there is no vertical stretch, no vertical compression, and no

reflection across the x-axis.

b= 2 The parent graph is stretched horizontally by a factor of 2.

There is no reflection across the y-axis.

h = -5 The parent graph is translated -5 units horizontally.

k= 2 The parent graph is translated 2 units vertically.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Applying these transformations to a point on the parent graph results in the point ( 2x - 5, y + 2 ).
The table shows what happens to the three reference points on the graph of ƒ(x).

Point on the Graph of f(x) Corresponding Point on the Graph of g(x)

(-1, 1) (
( 2 (-1) - 5, 1 + 2) = -7 , 3 )
(0, 0) ( 2 (0) - 5, 0 + 2) = ( -5 , 2 )
(1, 1) ( 2 (1) - 5, 1 + 2) = ( -3 , 3 )

Module 1 28 Lesson 3
 Use the transformed reference points to graph g(x). y
6

2
x
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Reflect
-2
10. Is the function ƒ(x) = x an even function, an odd function, or
2

neither? Explain.
11. The graph of the parent quadratic function ƒ(x) = x has the vertical line x = 0 as its axis of symmetry.
2

Identify the axis of symmetry for each of the graphs of g(x) in Parts A and B. Which transformation(s)
affect the location of the axis of symmetry?

Your Turn

12. Describe how to transform the graph of ƒ(x) = x 2 to obtain the graph of the related function
g(x) = ƒ(-4(x - 3)) + 1. Then draw the graph of g(x).

Explain 2 Modeling with a Quadratic Function

You can model real-world objects that have a parabolic shape using a quadratic function. In order
to fit the function’s graph to the shape of the object, you will need to determine the values of the
( )
parameters in the function g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ __1 (x - h) + k where ƒ(x) = x 2. Note that because ƒ(x) is
b
simply a squaring function, it’s possible to pull the parameter b outside the function and combine it
with the parameter a. Doing so allows you to model real-objects using g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ (x - h) + k,
which has only three parameters.

When modeling real-world objects, remember to restrict the domain of g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ (x - h) + k

to values of x that are based on the object’s dimensions.

Example 2

An old stone bridge over a river uses a parabolic arch

for support. In the illustration shown, the unit of y
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

measurement for both axes is feet, and the vertex of the x

arch is point C. Find a quadratic function that models 0 10 20 30 40 50
the arch, and state the function’s domain. -10 C (27, -5)

Analyze Information -20

A (2, -20) B (52, -20)
Identify the important information.

t
The shape of the arch is a parabola.

t
The vertex of the parabola is C(27, -5).

t
Two other points on the parabola are A(2, -20) and B(52, -20).

Formulate a Plan
You want to find the values of the parameters a, h, and k in g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x - h) + k
where ƒ(x) = x 2. You can use the coordinates of point C to find the values of h and k.
Then you can use the coordinates of one of the other points to find the value of a.

Module 1 29 Lesson 3
 Solve
The vertex of the graph of g(x) is point C, and the vertex of the graph of ƒ(x) is the
origin. Point C is the result of translating the origin 27 units to the right and 5 units
down. This means that h = 27 and k = -5. Substituting these values into g(x) gives
g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x - 27) - 5. Now substitute the coordinates of point B into g(x) and
solve for a.
g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ (x - 27) - 5 Write the general function.

( ) = a ⋅ ƒ (52 - 27) - 5
g 52 Substitute 52 for x.

-20 = a ⋅ ƒ (52 - 27) - 5 Replace g(52) with -20, the y-value of B.

-20 = a ⋅ ƒ 25 ( )-5 Simplify.

-20 = a (625) - 5 Evaluate ƒ (25) for ƒ(x) = x 2.

a= -___
3
125 Solve for a.

Substitute the value of a into g(x).

g(x) = -_ 3 ƒ (x - 27) - 5
125
The arch exists only between points A and B, so the domain of g(x) is {x⎜2 ≤ x ≤ 52.

Justify and Evaluate

To justify the answer, verify that g(2) = -20.
g(x) = -_ 3 ƒ (x - 27) - 5 Write the function.
125
( )
g 2 = -_ 3 ƒ ( 2 - 27) - 5
125
Substitute 2 for x.

= -_
125 (
3 ƒ -25 - 5
) Subtract.

= -_
125 (
3 · 625 - 5
) Evaluate ƒ (-25).

= -20 ✓ Simplify.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Your Turn

13. The netting of an empty hammock hangs

between its supports along a curve that can be y
modeled by a parabola. In the illustration shown, A (-2, 4) B (8, 4)
the unit of measurement for both axes is feet, 4
and the vertex of the curve is point C. Find a C (3, 3)
2
quadratic function that models the hammock’s
netting, and state the function’s domain. x
-2 0 2 4 6 8

Module 1 30 Lesson 3
 Elaborate
14. What is the general procedure to follow when graphing a function of the form g(x) = a ⋅ ƒ(x - h) + k
given the graph of ƒ(x)?
15. What are the general steps to follow when determining the values of the parameters a, h, and k in
ƒ(x) = a(x - h) + k when modeling a parabolic real-world object?
2

16. Essential Question Check-In How can the graph of a function ƒ(x) be transformed?

Evaluate: Homework and Practice

t
0OMJOF
)PNFXPSL
Write g(x) in terms of ƒ(x) after performing the given transformation of the t
)JOUT
BOE
)FMQ
graph of ƒ(x). t
&YUSB
1SBDUJDF

1. Translate the graph of ƒ(x) to the left 3 units. 2. Translate the graph of ƒ(x) up 2 units.

y y
4
4
2
x 2

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 x
-2 -4 -2 0 2 4
-2
-4

3. Translate the graph of ƒ(x) to the right 4 units. 4. Translate the graph of ƒ(x) down 3 units.

y y
4

x
x -4 -2 0 4
-4 -2 0
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4 6 -2
-2
-4
-4

5. Stretch the graph of ƒ(x) horizontally by a 6. Stretch the graph of ƒ(x) vertically by a
factor of 3. factor of 2.

y y
4 4

2 2
x
-4 -2 0 2 4 x -4 -2 0 2 4
-2 -2

-4 -4

Module 1 31 Lesson 3
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 553 APPENDIX B. Army Salvage Branch. Sales. £ s. d.
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555 War Honours. •S|i:i.. ; 12 •AIQ A],, '•(v:>ni Vp-mv -r

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 War Honours. 556 Statement of the numbers of Officers,
Ladies, Warrant Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and Men and
Civilians mentioned in the Despatches of Commanders in> the Field
and published in the London Gazette, and of certain special
Mentions; published in the London Gazette for services not in the
Field. Period covering despatches. From From From From From From
Aug., 1914 Nov., 1914, Aug., 1914. Aug., 1914, 'Dec, 1917, Mar.,
1919, to to to to to to Theatre of war. Aug., 1915. July, 1916. Sept.,
1917. Sept., 1918. Mar., 19)9. Oct., 1919. Total. Published in London
Gazdtes during 1914 and 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
France 8,261 12,202 27,906 18,879 18,475 85,723 Dardanelles
1,146 3,222 . . • • . . 4,368 India, including — 1 Tochi Valley Bushire
f " 331 169 184 194 358 1 ,236Aden J Mesopotamia . . 3,600 2,304
4,164 5,807 175 . 16,050 Tsingtau 46 . . . , . . 46 Cameroons . . 319
, m . . . . , . 31 iV Egypt, including — Sudan Darfur If edjaz ► ..
2,237 1,367 3,688 5,652 •• 12,944 Nuba Mountains Province. East A
frica, including — * Jubaland Turkana 317 904 2,143 1,350 4,714 So
ma HI and . . j Nyasalund 35 214 . , . . 249 Salonica ... 682 2,564
1,219 3,891 8,356 Uganda 12 12 Rhodesia . . . 11 . . . , . . 11 Italy .
. 40 1,409 2.271 3,720German South - West . . . . 800 . . . . 800
Africa. Russia, including — " North Russia Archangel Murmansk East
Russia . > •• . . . . 6 196 597 799 South Russia Siberia Baltic and
Finland States. Services in accordance . , . # . . • • 7 381 38a with
Army Order 193 of 191!). Mediterranean Lines of m # . , . . 56 . . . .
56 Communication. Ilospital Ships . . . . • # 172 47 34 253 Special
Mentions (Home . . 646 334 58 1,038 and India — including Anti-
Aircraf t Services.) Total .. 9,407 22,991 36,137 33,054 37,948 1,545
141,082
 557 War Honours. British Decorations Conferred on the
Allied a\p Associated Armies. (15th May, 1920.) Name of Allied or
Associated Power. France Russia Italy.. Belgium Japan Serbia
Montenegro Roumania Portugal Greece China Siam . . United States
of America. TchecoSlovakia. Total . . 5 6 6 ~ oa s CQ 2 O d c _ o d o
CO S GO d _d m M o o Q Xi S 6 18 34 Gl 195 301 1 11 13 27 58 87
2 9 24 36 80 143 1 1 10 17 33 49 | 4 , , 6 6 10 ' 2 2 6 23 40 ; • • . .
1 J 2 2 12 15 1 4 9 21 ■• 1 3 5 4 .. 1 1 •• 3 1 2 5 18 44 8 60 2 ' 11
47 93 181 468 736 726 174 227 113 21 45 1 21 21 43 2 77 20 1,635
560 555 197 34 88 2 49 37 65 3 4 324 . 60 d d 1,491 | 9 8,609 1
2,111 973 858 273 50 147 6 93 2 36 118 290 4,957 a' 3,288 862
1,294 462 70 276 184 76 140 417 320 G 7,389 ■j. 405 19 38 74 57
30 4 G 35 668 Military Division . . o W a M w O eA X 22 23 X &a BJ
M -_' d ~ X *= 1 120 38 1 48 7G 1 327 3 47 3 5 65 122 39 1 ■1 117
77 32 200 GU'.I 3 o 9,074 2,834 3,828 2,031 201 687 10 417 186
809 7 4 1,190696 20.974 Orders and Decorations Conferred on the
British Armies by the Allied and Associated Powers. (Up to and
including announcements in the London Gazette, dated 15th May,
1^20.) Name of Allied Total Orders and Decorations conferred. or
Associated Power. Officers. Other ranks. Total. France Russia Italy
Belgium Serbia China.. Siam United States of America . . Tcheco-
Slovakia Persia Panama 4,955 1,062 1,207 2,121 77 828 75 264 462
285 124 15 112 6 12 47 5,609 1,699 1,022 4,522 9 1,521 30 455
228 124 2 1 *19 10.5G4 2,761 2,229 6,643 86 2,349 105 719 690
409 124 17 113 6 12 GG Total 11,652 15,241 26.893
 War Honours. 558 Powers of Immediate Award under
Paragraph 1775, King's Regulations, of Orders, Decorations and
Medals Delegated to General Officers Commanding-in-Chief which
were in force on the 11th November, 1918 (Armistice). France
(Normal Powers). As from 1st April, 1917, 200 D.S.Os. and 500
Military Crosses each month. This limit, however, was removed by
War Office telegram, dated 3rd May, 1918, provided the standard of
award was maintained. D.C.Ms., Military Medals, Meritorious Service
Medals, Indian Order of Merit, and Indian Distinguished Service
Medals without limit. Egypt. 25 D.S.Os. and 60 Military Crosses a
month from 1st November, 1917 (increased from 10 D.S.Os. and 20
Military Crosses, the allotment in force from 1st August, 1916).
D.C.Ms.. Military Medals, Meritorious Service Medals, Indian Order of
Merit, and Distinguished Service Medals without limit. Salonica. 10
D.S.Os. and 20 Military Crosses a month from 1st September, 1916.
D.C.Ms., Military Medals, Meritorious Service Medals, Indian Order of
Merit, and Distinguished Service Medals without limit. East Africa. 3
D.S.Os. and 6 Military Crosses a month from 1st July, 1916
(increased from 1 D.S.O. and 2 Military Crosses, the allotment in
force from 1st January, 1916). D.C.Ms., Military Medals, Meritorious
Service Medals, Indian Order of Merit, and Distinguished Service
Medals without limit. Mesopotamia. 20 D.S.Os. and 40 Military
Crosses a month dating from 1st January, 1918 (increased from 10
D.S.Os. and 20 Military Crosses, the allotment before that date).
D.C.Ms., Military Medals, Meritorious Service Medals, Indian Order of
Merit, and Distinguished Service Medals without limit. Italy. 6
D.S.Os., 15 Military Crosses a month as from 1st March, 1918
(reduced from 20 D.S.Os. and 50 Military Crosses, the allotment in
force from 1st November, 1917). D.C.Ms., Military Medals and
Meritorious Service Medals without limit. Aden and Adjacent
Territory. 2 Military Crosses, 5 D.C.Ms, and 10 Military Medals a
month as from 1st November, 1917. Authority was also delegated,
with the consent of the India Office, for the award of a proportional
number of Indian decorations. Note. — All immediate powers of
award set out above terminated automatically with the Armistice.
 ;.:>!) War Honours. North Russian Expeditionary Force.
Monthly powers of immediate awards as from 1st August, L918, and
so long as hostilities continue — 10 D.S.Os. and 20 M.Cs. D.C.Ms.,
Military Medals and Meritorious Service Medals — 100 a month, but
not more than 30 D.C.Ms, to be awarded each month. Powers of
award are delegated in respect of British troops and of Allied
personnel under the Command of the G.O.C. the Force. These
monthly pow7ers of immediate awards were sub-divided as from 1st
December, 1918, as under — D.S.Os. and M.Cs. K.C.Ms., M.Ms and
M.S.Ms. 50 12 GO 40 G.O.C, Archangel G.O.C, Murmansk In each
case not more than one-third to be D.S.Os. in each month, the total
of D.C.Ms, awarded not to exceed 30 per cent., and the number of
Meritorious Service Medals not to exceed 20 per cent. Note. —
Immediate powers of award terminated on the evacuation of
Archangel and Murmansk. East Russian Expeditionarv Force. (Major-
General Knox.) Monthly powers of immediate awards as from 1st
April, 1919, and so long as hostilities continue — D.S.Os. and M.Cs.,
36 (not more than 12 to be D.S.Os.). Medals.— D.C.Ms., 45 ; M.Ms.,
75 ; M.S.Ms., 30. Total, 150. Note. — Immediate powers of award
cancelled by War Office telegram, dated 20th April, 1920. South
Russian Expeditionary Force. (Major- General Hoi man.) Monthly
powers of immediate awards as from 1st April, 1919, and so long as
hostilities continue — D.S.Os. and M.Cs., 36 (not more than 12 to be
D.S.Os.). Medals.— D.C.Ms., 45 ; M.Ms., 75 ; M.S.Ms., 30. Total, 150.
Note. — Immediate powers of award cancelled by War Office
telegram, dated 4th May, 1920. India. The Commander-in-Chief in
India in connection with operations of the North-Wept frontier force
and Baluchistan force. Monthly as from 1st May, 1919 : — D.S.0 2
M.C 6 D.C.M Unlimited. M.Ms.... ... ... ... ... (Powers for award
delegated to commanders of North -West frontier and Baluchistan
force respectively )
 War Honours. 560 The number of Officers, Other Ranks,
Nurses and Civilians mentioned in Despatches and Rewards given in
the South African War, October, 1899, to November, 1900. War
Office, Prince's Chambers, Pall Mall, S.W., 1st August, 1902.
Statement showing the total numbers of officers and other ranks (of
the Regular, Auxiliary and Colonial Forces), army nurses, and civilians
who were mentioned by Field-Marshal Earl Roberts, V.C., K.G.,
G.C.B., &c, in his despatches, and rewarded for services rendered in
South Africa up to 29th November, 1900, as published in the London
Gazettes of the 8th February, 1901 ; 16th and 19th April, 1901 ;
10th and 27th _ September, 1901; and 17th and 26th June, 1902;
together with a statement showing the percentage of rewards to the
number of troops employed. Merit ions. Date of London Gazette.
Date of despatch. 8th February. 1901 16th April, 1901 .. 10th
September, 1901 17th June, 1902 .. 31st March, 1900 . 2nd April,
1901 4th September, 1901 1st March, 1902 Officers. Other ranks.
Nurses. Civilians. Total. 192 629 2,154 50 121 259 2,932 95 Total
3,025 3,414 63 71 3 139 108 37 287 316 1,027 5,264 190 6,797*
Rewards, Date of London Gazette. Officers. Other ranks. 12th
February. 1901 .. 1st March, 1901 19th April, 1901 27th September,
1901 26th June, 1902 (Special) Nurses. Civilians. Total. 835 1,016 43
Total 1,895 210 1,330 51 27 9 20 43 19 1,065 2,416 122f 1,591 36
82 3,604 Number of troops employed. Number of troops employed
in South Africa between October, 1899, and November, 1900,
inclusive Other ranks. 267,311 Percentage. Officers. Other ranks.
Percentage of rewards to number of troops employed. . 17-38 •59
HENRY H. WILSON, Lieut. -Colonel, Deputy- Assistant Adjutant-
General to the Commander-in-Chief. Table showing Total Awards for
South African War, 11th October, 1899, to 3 1st May, 1902. v.c.
G.C.B. K.C.B. C.B. G.C.M.G. K.C.M.G. C.M.G. D.S.O. D.C.M. 79 3 25
292+ 4 8 110+ 1,143 2,050+ The total number of troops (all ranks)
employed during the whole of the war was 'I his total includes, in
certain instances, more than one mention of the same individual as
contained in the various despatches quoted. f These rewards are
incorporated with others in a general South Africa list, j These
numbers are approximate.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 8.81%
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 5G1 Army ExpenditurePART XII. Army Expenditure, Votes of
Credit, National Debt, Loans to Allies and Dominions. (a.) Army
Expenditure. April 1st, 1913, to March 31st, 1914 April 1st, 1914, to
March 31st, 1915 April 1st, 1915, to March 31st, 1916 April 1st,
1916, to March 31st, 1917 April 1st, 1917, to March 31st, 1918 April
1st, 1918, to March 31st, 1919 Estimated expenditure 1st April,
1919, to 31st March, 1920 £ 28,366,102 240,712,541 526,712,664
'587,796,567 725,832,879 824,759,300 s. 6 15 1 3 19 4 d. 5 11 9 0
5 1 398,000,000 0 0 (6.) Average Daily Expenditure of the War.
(Army, Navy, Munitions, Shipping, &c.) £ October 8th to December
9th, 1916 5,714,000 April 1st to May 5th, 1917 7,457,000 April 1st to
September 29tb, 1917 6,648,000 November 1st, 1917, to January
19th, 1918 7,517,000 December 1st, 1917, to February 9th, 1918
6,107,000 April 1st, 1918, to June 8th, 1918 6,848,000 April 1st to
November 9th, 1918 . 7,443,000 November 10th, 1918, to March
31st, 1919 6,476,000 Canada Commonwealth of Australia New
Zealand Union of South Africa Newfoundland (c.) War Expenditure
(Dominions). Total War Expenditure (partly estimated) up to 31st
March, 1919 (in the case of Newfoundland up to 30th April, 1919) :
— $1,277,273,000 (about £255,454,600) ... £288,000,000
£75,750,000 £32,950,000 $9,800,000 (about £1,880,000) The
capitalized cost of pensions due to the war is given as follows : —
Canada $440,000,000 (about £88,000,000)Common wealth of
Australia ... ... ... ... £100,000,000 New Zealand £12,000,000 Union
of South Africa £2,250,000 Newfoundland $16,000,000 (about
£3,200.000) The total direct expenditure of the Colonies and
Protectorates has been estimated at some 10,000,000^., to which
must be added contributions amounting to over 15,000, 000Z. to the
war expenditure of His Majesty's Government, and some
12,000,000Z., the ultimate incidence of which, as between this
country and the Protectorates concerned, has not yet been
determined. (9343 4 R
 Votes of Credit. 562 (d.) Votes of Credit. The complete list
of War Votes of Credit is as follows : — Date. August 6l;h November
15th ... March 1st Total 1914-15. Amount. £ 100,000,000
225,000,000 37,000,000 £362,000,000 March 1st June 15 th July
20th September 15th November 11th February 21st Total 1915-16. •
• • • • i 250.000,000 250,000,000 150,000.000 250,000,000
400,000,000 120,000,000 £1,420,000,000 1916-17. February 21st
May 23rd July 24th October 11th December 14th February 12th
March 15th Total ••• ••• • • • 300,000,000 300,000,000
450,000,000 300,000,000 400,000,000 200,000,000 60,000,000
£2,010,000,000 1917-18. February 12th May 9th July 24th October
30th December 12 th Total £ 350,000,000 500,000,000 650,000,000
400,000,000 550,000,000 £2,450,000,000 1918-19. March 7th June
18 th August 1st November 12th Grand total 600,000,000
500,000,000 700,000,000 700,000,000 £2,500,000,000 ...
£8,742,000,000
 April 1st, 1914 April 1st, 1915 April 1st, 1916 April 1st,
1917 April 1st, 1918 April 1st, 1919 April 1st, 1920 563 (e.) National
Debt. National Debt. Loans to Dominions and Allies. 707,654,110
1,165,801,702 2,197,439,245 4,063,644,981 5,921,095,81!)
7,481,050,442 7,835,000,000 (/,) Loans to the Dominions (up to
19th October, 1918) ... 218,500,000 (g.) Loans to Allies (up to VJth
October, 1918.) Russia France Italy Smaller States .. 568,000,000
425,000,000 345,000,000 127,000,000 1,465,000,000 (0343) 4 B 2
 W.O. Staff and 564 Correspondence. PART XIII. War Office
(Military and Ciyil) Staff and Correspondence. (April, 1920.) At the
outbreak of war the staff of the War Office, including the Audit
Offices, Chelsea Hospital (Secretary's Department) and the Royal
Army Clothing Department (Clerical Staff) was 1,926, and this staff
began to expand very rapidly. By August, 1915, it totalled 6,522, and
but for the fact that the Office was relieved of contract work
connected with munition supplies upon the. formation of the Ministry
of Munitions in June, 1915, this staff would have been greater. By
August, 1916, the staff was 12,672. In the early part of 1917
roughly 2,000 (400 to Air Board Office and 1,494 to Pensions
Ministry) members of the War Office staff were transferred to other
(newly formed) Government Departments. Despite these reductions
the staff had increased to 16,624 by August, 1917. In the autumn of
1917 the Recruiting Staff (454) was transferred to the Ministry of
National Service and the remainder of the staff of the Military
Aeronautical. Department (about 700) was transferred to the Air
Ministry in the early part of 1918. The staff of the War Office,
however, continued to increase, and at the date of the Armistice
(11th November, 1918) was at its maximum, viz., 22,279 (i.e., War
Office and Audit Offices, 21,836 ; Prisoners of War Information
Bureau, 393 ; Chelsea Hospital (Secretary's Department), 37 ; and
Royal Army Clothing Department (Clerical Staff), 13). Detailed
figures as to the military and civilian staffs of the War Office at
various dates, including 1st August, 1914, 11th November, 1918, and
1st April, 1920, the given in Table A. Classes of Work Mainly
Responsible for the Large Increase of Staff. During the war there
was an all round increase of various classes of work in the Office. In
some instances the increase was an abnormal one, and certain new
classes of work arising out of the war aiso necessitated tne
employment of large staffs. Examples are given in Table B.
Reduction of Staff. Considerable reductions of staff have been
effected since the armistice (for net figures see Table A) and
reductions are still proceeding. The largest War Staff, viz., that
engaged upon Censorship duties, has been disbanded, and the large
staffs employed on Casualty and Separation Allowance work have
now practically disappeared. Considerable reductions have also been
effected in the staffs engaged upon the distribution of soldiers'
effects, demobilization, transport of troops and stores and the
registration of graves. Under a reduction scheme now completed the
staff of the War Office has been reduced from 13,477 in August,
1919, to 7,434, on 1st April, 1920, and further reductions are
dependent upon the rate of shrinkage in the volume of work in the
office.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.32%
accurate

300 W.O. Staff and Correspondence. M Hit a it/ Staff. Table

A gives information as to the military staff of the War Office at
various dates, and in the following table details are given as to the
numbers of staff and other officers on various rates of pay : — Stuff
Officers. With yearly rates of pay of — V > _ o o_ : 3 t, ^ i c 3 i, I
«e -° »o «>o (Pi ^j t, a o w t, a 2 o »3rt" oma'x) o r-a o a fci 3 S3
a5* o > o o a 3 •-. . " ,32 o flS o a> !M O >a * o *» a MB o A < .'
>>o a c >-> Q i > ! ~ . — i el S SB l o a a E cd '/: — bCT3 1> —
t>^- ^^ ^■0 4»^ ^ "73 +j ^ »e3H ~~; a a ~«: -» s= 5 ~ -i B S «J
■o > -^ ' ?) cS^M H CjDW .-( eS -Q — I ^ O ^H O a en o 1 __ o a
ra ~$ ■lg « 3 "5 CO efl 5 ^ t^ © P a, o <1 B a to o £ tn ;S O — 3 §
a o « a to c 4 Q a 3 o ,2= o a 30 28 28 28 28 28 28 1 111 133 197
26 497 105 128 177 19 457 104 126 176 17 451 102 123 170 18
441 93 109 165 15 410 92 111 158 14 403 90 108 154 12 392 240
196 177 163 139 128 123 137 163|| 160|| 96 140 149 117 87J 816
788 749 689 680 682 * The proportion of fit to unfit was roughly 2
to 5. I Based on figures for last day of preceding month. f
Allowances are issuable in addition. || Transfers from C to B held up
temporarily. Correspondence. The numbers of papers dealt with by
the Central Registry at various dates are given in the following Table.
The figures do not include the large amount of correspondence
•dealt with by the Censorship staffs (now disbanded) and the
Mobilization Directorate, nor the correspondence of the Audit Offices
and the Prisoners of War Information Bureau. The Table shows that,
disregarding the Censorship, &c, correspondence, the number of
registered papers dealt with in the Office at the date of the Armistice
was more than 20 times the number in August, 1914. The further
increase by November, 1919, was mainly due to the large accession
of work during 1919 in connection with the distribution of the war
gratuities due to the estates of deceased officers and soldiers. This
work having now been practically completed, the figures show that
there has been a sensible reduction in the volume of correspondence
since the Armistice period. The volume of correspondence received
in the Office is still declining steadily, but it will be years before it will
be down to the pre-war level. Number of papers dealt with Date.
Registered. Unregistered. (Roughly 2^ times the number of
registered papers during the war). Total. August, 1914 November,
1918 .. November, 1919 .. December, 1919 .. January, 1920
February, 1920 .. March, 1920 April, 1 920 a week. 3,500 72,472
103,203 48,598 46,852 36,052 36,184 30,943 a week. 6,500
181,000 258,000 121,000 117.000 90,000 90,000 77,000 a week.
10,000 253,472 361,203 169,598 163,852 126,052 126,184 107,943
 W.O. Staff and 566 Correspondence. Employment. In
September, 1914, an Employment Bureau was instituted at the War
Office for thepurpose of dealing with the numerous applications for
employment received from retiredofficers and others. Up to 1st
September, 1918, about 12,500 applications had been classified and
circulated. Some 5,700 candidates were employed by the War Office
and the Ministry of Munitions, and many others were taken up by
other Government departments. Applications tor civil employment by
officers invalided out of the Service to the number of 1,392 were
received and passed to the Officers Employment Department of the
Ministry of Pensions ; of this number 670 at least were found
employment. Since March, 1918, these applications have been dealt
with by the Ministry of Labour, Officers' Employment Department.
 f>r.7 W.O. Staff and Correspondence. Table A. Military and
Civilian Staff at the War Office at various date* fcc »co ?>•Mil itary
staff. Civilian staff. a 3 J= sine 191 nsfei CD W P"» 2 o a rji& Date.
 W.O. Staff and Correspondence. 568 Table B. Class of work.
Staff at outbreak of war. Largest staff engaged at the War Office on
the work during the war. Remarks. Abnormal expansions of work.
Military aeronautics 19 1,100 Staff transferred to the Air Ministry.
Contracts 55 2,818 Transferred with 623 others (financial, &c,
staff)to the Ministry of Munitions iu March, 1919. Pensions . . . . . .
17 1,500 Practically all transferred to Pensions Ministry. Recruiting 18
454 Transferred to Ministry of National Service. This Ministry is now
disbanded and its remaining functions retransferred to War Office.
Distribution of soldiers' 10 1,852 This staff was reduced to 527 by
8th April, 1920. effects. (1st Nov., 1919) Transport of troops and 19
690 This staff has been reduced to 183 by 1st April,. stores. 1920,
and the Movements and Railways Department created on 25th
September, 1916, to deal with this work has been amalgamated with
theMovements Directorate. Medals 2 281 This staff will be fully
engaged for at least 3 (now 450) years. Separation allowances . . 2
405 The staff engaged on this work was reduced to 41 by 1st April,
1920. Registration and custody 63 614 Staff reduced to 362 on 1st
ApHl, 1920, and of War Office Papers. (Sept., 1919) further
reductions will be affected pari passuwith the decreases in the
volume of work and in the numbers of staff throughout the office.
Typing section 55 957 Staff reduced to 406 on 1st April, 1920. (Nov.,
1918) Further reductions dependent upon the general reduction in
the volume of work in the office. New classes of work upon which
large staffs have been engaged. Casualties New work 1,267 The
staff of the Casualty Branches has been reduced (plus a large to 87,
and will have practically disappeared by " overtime " staff). the end
of May, 1 920. 5,678 Staff now disbanded. Graves registration , , 393
Staff reduced to 214 by 1st April, 1920. 1,228 This staff was reduced
to 204 by 1st April, 1920. Prisoners of War Inform,. 472 The staff of
the Bureau totalled 126 on 1st April,. ation Bureau. 1920, and is now
attached to the Secretary's Departmeut.
 ...;:» Separation Allowances arid Pensions. PART XIV.
Separation Allowances Awards of Pensions and Soldiers' Effects. (a.)
Separation Allowances. Amount of Separation Allowance issued
during each month since the beginning of the war, and number of
families and dependants in receipt of Separation Allowance at the
dates opposite which the numbers are given below : — Estimated
amount of separation Number of families and Month. allowance
issued (allotment from dependants in receipt of soldier's pay not
included). separation allowance. 1914. £ August 600,000 . .
September 900,000 October 1,300,000 . . November 1,700.000
531,500 December 1,850,000 • • 1915. January 2,300,000 . .
February 2,850,000 . . March 3,500,000 •• Total .. 15,000,000
3,071,000 t # May 4,125,000 , , June 3,490,000 . . 3,690,000 , .
August 4,990,000 1,646,300 September 4,123,000 • • October
4.350,000 • • November 5,590,000 , , December 4,496,000
1,953,400 1916. January 5,690,000 2,019,400 February 4,545,000
2,076,700 March. . 4,710,000 2,135,100 Total .. 52,870,000
4,845,000 2,205.100 6,345,000 2,282,300 June 5,420,000 2,409,500
July 6,913,000 2,528,900 August 5,800,000 2,619,600 September
5,920,000 2,699,100 October 7,550,000 2,763,900 November
6,180,000 2,848,500 December 6,260,000 2,901,500 1917. January
7,650,000 2,978,700 February 7,395,000 3,074,700 7,565,000
3,158,100 Total .. 77,843.000 (9343) ■1 C
 Separation Allowances 570 and Pensions. Estimated
amount of separation Number of families and Month. allowance
issued (allotment from dependants in receipt of soldier's pay not
included). separation allowance. 1917— contd. £ April 9,640,000
2,788,400 7,840,000 2,808,800 June . . 7,940,000 2,896,300 July
9,705,000 2,961,100 August 8,090,000 2,985,700 September
8,121,000 3,024,100 October 10,666,000 3,046,500 November
10,125,000 3,022,600 December 10,615,000 2,985,500 1918.
January 10,060,000 3,018,000 February 10,054,000 3,014,500
March.. 10,425,000 3,023,900 2,944,200 Total 113.287,000 April
11,582,000 9,486,000 2,958.900 9,405,000 2,969,800 July
11,927,000 2,987,900 August 9,668,000 3,033,400 September
10,964,000 3,048,800 October 11,287,000 3,048,700 November
10,216,700 3,013,800 December 11,094,700 2,953,200 1919.
January 10,582,600 2,795,100 February 9.943,000 2,294,600
8,415,000 1,788,300 1,520,000 Total 124,571,000 5,251,800 May
4,196,800 1,134,500 3,589,200 1,007,700 July 3,138,500 933,500
August 2,649,700 889,300 September 3,235,300 755,200 October
2,253,400 554,400 November 1,864,400 403,100 December
1,673,400 348,500 1920. January 1,048,800 282,400 February
937,400 243,200 March 1,003,300 191,800 Total 30,842,000 Grand
total 414,413,000 The apparent discrepancy between the rise in
numbers and the fall in payments is due to the fact that, payments
for wives being made on Mondays and for dependants on Tuesdays,
the actual amount disbursed in each month depends upon the
number of payment days falling within that month.
 571 Separation Allowances and Pensions. Month.
Approximate numbers in payment. Wives and children. Wives.
Children. Dependants. Total. Deaths reported. Number. Death rate
per 1,000 per annum. 1916. January February March April . . , May .
. June . . July .. August September October November . December
1917. January February March . . April .. May .. June . . July . .
August September October November December 1918. January
February March . . April . . May .. June . . July . . August September
October November December 1919. January February March . April
May June July August September October November December
1920. January February March . . (9343) 977,700 990,300 994,600
1,016,300 1,037,000 1,115,500 1,187,400 1,232,200 1,272,700
1,288,000 1. 327,600 1.345,400 1,383,900 1,443,100 1,481,900
1,499,700 1,463,300 1,513,600 1,542,900 1,558,700 1,578,700
1,589,300 1,569,100 1,550,800 1,560,200 1.554,800 1,559,700
1,514,500 1,528,900 1,501,100 1,499,000 1,517,800 1,526,200
1,524,100 1,508,800 1,456,000 1,379,600 1,098,800 849,700
698,600 425,300 378,200 354,500 337,500 292,100 199,500
142,600 127,600 100,500 85,600 72,700 2,053,200 2,079,600
2,088,700 2,134,200 2,177,700 2,342,600 2,493,500 2,587,600
2,672,700 2,704,800 2,788,000 2,825,400 2,906,200 3,030,500
3.112,000 3,149,400 3,072,900 3,178,600 3,240.100 3,273,300
3,315,100 3,337,600 3,295,200 3,256.700 3,276,400 3,265,100
3,275,400 3,180,500 3,210,600 3,152,300 3,147,900 3,187,400
3,215,100 3,200,600 3,168,500 3,057,600 2,897,200 2,307,400
1,784,400 1,467,000 765.600 680,700 638,200 607,500 525,800
359,100 256,700 229,700 180,800 154,100 130,900 1,041,700
1,086,400 1.140,500 1,188,800 1,245,300 1.204,000 1,341,500
1,387,400 1,426,400 1,475,900 1,520,900 1,556,100 1,594,800
1,631,600 1,676,200 1,288,700 1,345,500 1,382,700 1,418.200
1,427,000 1,445,500 1,457,200 1,453,500 1,434,700 1,457,800
1,459,700 1,464,200 1.429,700 1,430,000 1,468,700 1,488,900
1,515,600 1,522,600 1,524,600 1,505,000 1,497,200 1,115,500
1,195,800 938,600 821,400 709,500 629,500 579,000 551,800
463,100 354.900 260,500 220,900 181,900 157,600 119.100
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