REVISION PART 56
LITERARY PASSION
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🔶Allen Ginsberg's "Howl", a key work of the Beat Movement, was dedicated
to Carl Solomon.
🟢The following are the views of Samuel Johnson on the death of Cordelia
in King Lear.
🔺It is contrary to the natural ideas of justice.
🔺It is contrary to the hope of the reader.
🔺 It is contrary to the faith of chronicles.
🔸The Absence of War, Racing Demon, and Murmuring Judges are part of a
trilogy of 'state of the nation' plays by David Hare.
🔸Chimamanda Adichie's last novel, Americanah (2013) centres on the
romantic and the existential struggles of a young Nigerian woman studying
in the United States and finding success as a blogger. Her blogging was
about race.
🔹Father Dolan punishes Stephen with the pandybat in Joyce's Portrait of
the Artist as a Young Man because Stephen is not doing his work as his
glasses are broken.
🔸Using a non-linear narrative, the American novel Ceremony
explores the psychic damage to a veteran of World War II and
shows how a measure of healing is attained through his acceptance of
Laguna myths and rituals.
🔹Lyuba Ranevsky sees her dead mother walking through the orchard when
she looks at the orchard in Anton Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard.
🔸Swift gets the idea of writing "Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift" after the
reading of a maxim by la Rochefoucauld.
🔹Mutton and pork are words borrowed from French after the Norman
Conquest.
🔹In the Oresteia trilogy by Aeschylus, Cassandra, cursed by Apollo,
predicts the death of Agamemnon, though her prophecy is ignored. Orestes,
who has come back with the intention of murdering Clytemnestra
unexpectedly meets her, and pretending to be a stranger, tells her that
Orestes is dead. Orestes, pursued by the Furies, flees from them when they
fall asleep. Then, Clytemnestra's ghost appears to wake them up.
🔸The first instance of female cross-dressing with the disconcerting
nuances of a boy actor dressing as a boy while playing the role of a woman
in the dramatic world of Shakespeare occurs in The Two Gentlemen of
Verona.
🔸For Coleridge, our power to perceive symbols gleaned from the world
about us is related to the category of primary imagination.
🔹After independence, although English was not an Indian language, it was
accorded the status of an Associate language.
🔸The English journal The Tatler announced that it was "principally intended
for the use of Politick Persons who are so publick-spirited as to neglect their
own Affairs to look into Transactions of State" but failed to live up to this and
amused readers with "accounts of Gallantry, Pleasure and Entertainment".
🔹The grammar-translation method of language teaching includes focus on
the grammar rules, the vocabulary memorization, and the written language.
🔹Rukmani is the narrator of Kamala Markandaya's Nectar in a Sieve.
🔸New Historicist critic would interpret Derrida's statement, "there is
nothing outside the text" into "literature" encompasses all cultural artefacts
and all the values, power relations, and ways of seeing reflected in those
artefacts; there is nothing outside of the "text" broadly conceived.
🔸Elizabeth Bennet and Anne Elliot two Austen heroines who are right-
minded but neglected in the beginning. However, they are gradually
acknowledged to be correct by the characters who have previously looked
down on them.
🔸The variety of English used between non-native speakers who do not
share a first language is called English as a lingua franca.
🔸 E. M. Forster wrote the libretto for the opera version of Billy Budd.
🔹 Jai Ratan, P. Lal, and Gordon C. Roadarmel have translated Premchand's
Godan.
🔸"When Fred got into debt, it always seemed to him highly probable that
something or other - he did not necessarily conceive what would come to
pass enabling him to pay in due time". Fred Vincy is in debt in Middlemarch
because he is an inveterate gambler.
🟢William Blake has a rare talent to provide telling images in arresting
phrases. Some of his images are matched with the poems in which they
appear.
🔸 "mind forg'd manacles" - "London"
🔸 "eternal winter" - "Holy Thursday"
🔸 "fearful symmetry" - "The Tyger"
🔸"crimson joy" - "The Sick Rose"
🔹In the debate between the two birds in the Middle English poem "The Owl
and the Nightingale", Master Nicholas of Guildford acts as the arbiter.
🔸In the first scene of Goethe's Faust, Faust appears dejected by the study
of Philosophy, Law, Medicine and Theology. He turns to Magic art to acquire
infinite knowledge. But he fails and attempts to commit suicide in
desperation, but refrains at the final moment. The chiming of the bells
announcing Easter festivities prevents Faust from committing suicide.
🔸The novel The Shadow Line by Joseph Conrad presents a young captain
who like Coleridge's Ancient Mariner is haunted by the
"vision of a ship drifting in calm and swinging in light airs, with all the crew
dying slowly about her decks" and who feels "the sickness of my soul ... the
weight of my sins ... my sense of unworthiness".
🔸""Holy Sonnet 17" is an elegy on John Donne's wife, who died in 1617.
🔸 Beryl Bainbridge Dame Beryl Margaret Bainbridge DBE (21 November
1932 - 2 July 2010) was an English writer from Liverpool.
🔸Timothy Mo, Hanif Kureishi and Sam Selvon are diasporic writers.
🔹In William Congreve's The Way of the World, Fainall is Lady Wishfort's
son-in-law.
🟢The following magazines and journals are associated with the respective
figures.
🔻The Egoist - Harriet Weaver and Dora Marsden
🔺 The English Review - Ford Madox Ford
🔻Blast - Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis.
🔹 Poetry: A Magazine of Verse - Harriet Monroe
🔸People should honour and respect all living things best expresses the
theme of Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner".
🔹 "The Comprehensible Output Hypothesis" was proposed by Merrill
Swain.
🔹In Tristram Shandy, Corporal Trim's brother Tom describes the oppression
of a black servant in a sausage shop in Lisbon that he visited. This episode is
inspired by a letter Laurence Sterne received from a black man named
Ignatius Sancho. Sterne's reply became an integral part of 18th century
abolitionist literature.
🔸In Bertolt Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children, Yvette sings "The
Fraternization Song" to Mother Courage and Kattrin.
🔹In Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary, Emma goes every week for her
clandestine meeting with Leon in Rouen under the pretext of taking piano
lessons.
🔸A Purple Sea and In a Forest, A Deer are books by C.S. Lakshmi (Ambai)
published in English translation.
🔹Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Sonnets from the Portuguese is a sequence
of forty-four Petrarchan sonnets a depiction of a contemporary setting and
small events of ordinary life.
🔸In The Story of My Experiments with Truth, M. K. Gandhi covers the
narrative of his life from early childhood upto 1921.
🔹In a writing system, the minimal unit that can cause a difference of
meaning is called grapheme.
🔹Nnu Ego is a character in Buchi Emecheta's The Joys of Motherhood.
🔸Etymon is the etymological source of a word.
🔹Code switching is changing from one language variety to another in
discourse.
🔸Cognate are words with a common ancestor.
🔹Pragmatics are the rules governing the social use of language.
🔸Heteroglossia functions in a novel in alliance with its stylistic system
incorporating multiple voices inscribed in social language and differentiated
components of a writer's ideological position.
🔹In Ulysses, Leopold Bloom works for a Dublin newspaper.
🔸The Caretaker and The Room are some of the early plays by Harold
Pinter.
🔹Thomas Carew, a contemporary of John Donne, wrote the following lines
upon the death of Donne:
"Here lies a king, that ruled as he thought fit/ The universal monarch of wit"
🔸In his poem "Australia", A.D. Hope says that Australia is "without songs,
architecture, history" and the poet turns to her "to find/ The Arabian desert
of the human mind/ Hoping if still from deserts prophets come".
🔸Basic English, a simplified and fundamental framework of English, was
formulated by I. A. Richards and C. K. Ogden.
🔹The British authors Hannah More and Anna Yearsley selfconsciously
engaged with the issue of slavery in some of their poems.
🔹Anita Desai wrote In Custody.
🔸Nayantara Sahgal wrote Rich Like Us.
🔹Arun Joshi wrote The Last Labyrinth.
🔸Kamala Markandaya wrote The Nowhere Man.
🔹The right chronological sequence is Sister Carrie (1900) - The Great
Gatsby (1925) - Beloved (1987) - The American Pastoral (1997)
🔸Marx and Engels originally used the term "ideology" in The German
Ideology to denote something that mystifies the actual material conditions
of society, a sort of false consciousness.
🔹"The plot of Coetzee's Life and Times of Michael K. unravels the narrative
of a poor man of colour trying to survive in a civil-war situation, never taking
sides.
