ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR JESEUS HOUSE

OF PRAISE MIXED USE URBAN DEVELOPMENT, 2018

GPS READINGS: N 0°2.52726’ E 37°39'20.20532’

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT

FOR PROPOSED JESUS HOUSE OF PRAISE MIXED USE URBAN
DEVELOPMENT

PROPOSED MIXED USE COMMERCIAL URBAN

DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
OFF MERU-EMBU-NAIROBI HIGHWAY, MERU TOWN, MERU COUNTY
PLOT L.R. No. NTIMA/IGOKI/3235
PROPONENT
Jesus House of Praise
P.O Box 830 – 60200,
Meru, Kenya.

STUDY PREPARED BY:

Lakers Consultancy Ltd P.O Box 19276-40123,
Megacity, Kisumu,
Tel +254735305314/+254724456854
+254720985654/+254736420373
Email-k.musiega@lakersconsultancy.co.ke
or info@lakersconsultancy.co.ke

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 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR JESEUS HOUSE
OF PRAISE MIXED USE URBAN DEVELOPMENT, 2018
GPS READINGS: N 0°2.52726’ E 37°39'20.20532’

DECLARATION

FIRM OF EXPERTS

Lakers Consultancy Ltd on behalf of the Proponent, submit the following Environmental Impact
Assessment Study Report, for the Proposed Mixed-Use Urban Development Project on L.R. No.
NTIMA/IGOKI/3235 located along Meru-Nairobi Highway, Meru Town, Meru county. The
Environmental ImpactAssessment Study has been carried out according to the Environmental
Management and Coordination Act, 1999 and Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit)
Regulations, 2003.

Signed on September 2018.

Mr. Kevin Musiega

Signature ……………………………………………………
Designation: Firm of Experts NEMA Reg. No. 9125
Kevin Musiega Lead Expert Reg. No 1682

PROPONENT

I, ………………………………………………………………………on behalf of Jesus House of Praise

submit the following Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, for the Proposed Mixed-
Use Urban Development Project on L.R. No. NTIMA/IGOKI/3235 located along Meru-Nairobi
Highway, Meru county.

Signed on……… September 2018.

Signature ……………………………………………………

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ACRONYMS

DGs Diesel Generators

EA Environmental Audit
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMCA Environmental Management Coordination Act
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMS Environmental Management System
Ha Hectare
HFCs Hydro fluorocarbons
ICs Inspection Chambers
ICT Information Communication Technology
IEA Initial Environmental Audit
KPLC Kenya Power and Lighting Company
KRA Kenya Revenue Authority
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MOH Ministry of Health
MCC Meru City County
NEAP National Environment Action Plan
NEC National Environment Council
NEMA National Environment Management Authority
NPEP National Poverty Eradication Plan
MEWASS Meru Water & Sewerage Company
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
SHE Safety, Health and Environment
TOR Terms of Reference
WRMA Water Resources Management Authority
WSB Water Services Board
WSRB Water Services Regulatory Board

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... 2
ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................. 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 4
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... 8
LIST OF PLATES.......................................................................................................................................... 8
LIST OF MAPS ............................................................................................................................................. 8
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 9
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 20
1.1 Background and rationale for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ............................... 20
1.2 Terms of reference (TOR) ............................................................................................................ 20
1.3 Scope and objective of the Environmental Impact Assessment ................................................... 21
1.3.1 Scope .................................................................................................................................... 21
1.4 Methodology of the Environmental Impact Assessment .............................................................. 21
1.4.1 Data collection procedures ................................................................................................... 21
1.4.2 Desktop study ....................................................................................................................... 21
1.4.3 Site assessment ..................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.4 EIA public consultation ........................................................................................................ 22
1.4.5 Reporting and documentation .............................................................................................. 22
1.5 Obligations of the consultant ........................................................................................................ 23
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 24
2.1 Project brief .................................................................................................................................. 24
2.2 Location and size of the project ................................................................................................... 24
2.3 Existing Structures ....................................................................................................................... 27
2.4 Character of surrounding environment......................................................................................... 28
2.5 Building particulars ...................................................................................................................... 29
2.5.1 Parking area and driveway ................................................................................................... 32
2.5.2 Electrical system................................................................................................................... 32
2.5.3 Security................................................................................................................................. 32
2.5.4 Health and Safety systems .................................................................................................... 32
2.5.5 Water reticulation system ..................................................................................................... 33
2.5.6 Storm water run-off .............................................................................................................. 33
2.5.7 Waste water/Sewerage ......................................................................................................... 33
2.5.8 Landscaping.......................................................................................................................... 33
2.6 Description of the project’s construction activities ...................................................................... 33
2.6.1 Pre-construction investigations ............................................................................................ 33
2.6.2 Site set up and management ................................................................................................. 33
2.6.3 Demolition works and site clearance .................................................................................... 34
2.6.4 Ground works ....................................................................................................................... 34
2.6.5 Construction of foundations and structural works; .............................................................. 34
2.6.6 Structural steel works ........................................................................................................... 34
2.6.7 Mechanical and electrical installations and associated trades .............................................. 34
2.6.8 Landscaping and habitat restoration or creation ................................................................... 35
2.6.9 Site reinstatement, removal of site offices and final clear away .......................................... 35
2.7 Description of the project’s operational activities ........................................................................ 35
2.7.1 Commercial and residential activities .................................................................................. 35
2.7.2 Partitioning, general repairs and maintenance...................................................................... 35
2.7.3 Housekeeping ....................................................................................................................... 35
2.8 Description of the project’s decommissioning activities .............................................................. 37

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2.8.1 Demolition works ................................................................................................................. 37

2.8.2 Dismantling of equipment and fixtures ................................................................................ 37
3 BASELINE INFORMATION ................................................................................................................... 38
3.1 Background information on the project area ................................................................................ 38
3.2 Constituencies .............................................................................................................................. 38
3.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 38
3.4 Population..................................................................................................................................... 39
3.5 Climate ......................................................................................................................................... 41
3.6 Economic activities ...................................................................................................................... 41
3.7 Water resources and quality ......................................................................................................... 41
3.8 Environment ................................................................................................................................. 42
4 RELEVANT LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS ................................................ 44
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 44
4.2 Environmental Policy Framework................................................................................................ 44
4.3 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................................... 44
4.3.1 National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) .................................................. 44
4.4 Environmental Legal Framework ................................................................................................. 45
4.4.1 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999 .................................... 46
4.4.2 The Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003 .............................. 46
4.4.3 Waste Management Regulations, 2006 ....................................................................................... 47
4.4.4 Noise and Excessive Vibrations ........................................................................................... 47
4.4.5 Water Quality Regulations, 2006 ......................................................................................... 48
4.4.6 Water Act, 2002 ................................................................................................................... 50
4.4.7 The Energy Act, 2006 .......................................................................................................... 50
4.4.8 The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007 ................................................................... 50
4.4.9 Public Health Act (Cap. 242) ............................................................................................... 52
4.4.10 Physical Planning Act, 1999 ..................................................................................................... 54
4.4.11 Building Code 2000................................................................................................................... 55
4.4.12 Urban and Cities Act No 13 of 2011 ......................................................................................... 55
4.4.13 Public Roads and Roads of Access Act (Cap. 399)................................................................... 55
4.4.14 The Environment and Land Court Act, 2011 ............................................................................ 55
4.4.15 Licenses and permits ................................................................................................................. 55
5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS .......................................................................... 56
5.1 Sources of Information ................................................................................................................. 56
5.2 Issues raised.................................................................................................................................. 57
5.3 Positive comments ........................................................................................................................ 57
5.4 Negative concerns ........................................................................................................................ 58
5.4.1 Noise and Dust emissions..................................................................................................... 58
5.4.2 Obstruction and traffic increase............................................................................................ 58
5.4.3 Dilapidation of existing roads .............................................................................................. 58
5.4.4 Insecurity .............................................................................................................................. 58
5.4.5 Overstretching of infrastructure ........................................................................................... 59
5.4.6 Storm water drainage............................................................................................................ 59
5.4.7 Clearing of existing vegetation............................................................................................. 59
5.4.8 Increased water and electricity demand ............................................................................... 59
5.5 Suggestions and recommendations........................................................................................... 59
6 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................ 61
6.1 No project alternative ................................................................................................................... 61
6.2 Relocation option ......................................................................................................................... 61
6.3 Carrying on with the proposed development alternative .............................................................. 62
6.4 Analysis of alternative construction materials and technology .................................................... 62
6.5 Domestic waste water management alternatives .......................................................................... 62
6.5.1 Alternative one: Connection to the sewer system ................................................................ 62
6.5.2 Alternative two: Construction of a treatment plant .............................................................. 62
6.5.3 Alternative three: Use of septic tanks ................................................................................... 63
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6.5.4 Alternative three: Use of Bio-digester .................................................................................. 63

6.6 Solid waste management alternatives........................................................................................... 63
7 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................................. 64
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 64
7.2 Negative impacts during construction phase ................................................................................ 64
7.2.1 Loss of vegetation ................................................................................................................ 64
7.2.2 Extraction and use of building materials .............................................................................. 64
7.2.3 Noise pollution and vibration ............................................................................................... 64
7.2.4 Impact on air quality (generation of exhaust and dust emissions)........................................ 65
7.2.5 Disposal of solid waste ......................................................................................................... 66
7.2.6 Soil erosion and water logging ............................................................................................. 66
7.2.7 Surface and ground water hydrology and water quality degradation ................................... 66
7.2.8 Increased water demand ....................................................................................................... 67
7.2.9 Energy consumption ............................................................................................................. 67
7.2.10 Increased insecurity ................................................................................................................... 68
7.2.11 Increased traffic ......................................................................................................................... 68
7.2.12 Workers accidents and public safety ......................................................................................... 68
7.3 Positive impacts during construction phase ................................................................................. 68
7.3.1 Employment opportunities ................................................................................................... 68
7.3.2 Provision of market for supply of building materials ........................................................... 68
7.3.3 Improving growth of the economy ....................................................................................... 69
7.4 Negative impacts during operation phase..................................................................................... 69
7.4.1 Increased traffic .................................................................................................................... 69
7.4.2 Water use .............................................................................................................................. 69
7.4.3 Electricity consumption ........................................................................................................ 69
7.4.4 Increased storm water flow .................................................................................................. 69
7.4.5 Solid waste generation.......................................................................................................... 70
7.4.6 Increased noise level ............................................................................................................ 70
7.5 Positive impacts during operation phase ...................................................................................... 70
7.5.1 Employment opportunities ................................................................................................... 70
7.5.2 Increase in revenue to national and local governments ........................................................ 70
7.5.3 Optimal use of land .............................................................................................................. 70
7.6 Negative impacts during decommissioning phase ....................................................................... 70
7.6.1 Noise and vibration .............................................................................................................. 70
7.6.2 Air quality ............................................................................................................................ 70
7.6.3 Solid waste generation.......................................................................................................... 71
7.6.4 Health and safety .................................................................................................................. 71
7.7 Positive impacts during decommissioning phase ......................................................................... 71
7.7.1 Rehabilitation ....................................................................................................................... 71
7.7.2 Employment opportunities ................................................................................................... 71
8 IMPACTS MITIGATION AND MONITORING .................................................................................... 73
8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 73
8.2 Mitigation of construction phase impacts..................................................................................... 73
8.2.1 Minimizing vegetation disturbance ...................................................................................... 73
8.2.2 Efficient sourcing and use of raw materials ......................................................................... 73
8.2.3 Minimization of noise and vibration .................................................................................... 75
8.2.4 Minimization of dust generation and emission .................................................................... 75
8.2.5 Minimization of construction waste ..................................................................................... 77
8.2.6 Minimization of insecurity ................................................................................................... 77
8.2.7 Controlling soil erosion, water logging ................................................................................ 78
8.2.8 Minimization of surface and groundwater contamination .................................................... 78
8.2.9 Minimization of water use .................................................................................................... 79
8.2.10 Minimization of energy consumption ....................................................................................... 79
8.2.11 Minimization of construction related traffic.............................................................................. 79
8.2.12 Minimization of risks of accidents and injuries to workers....................................................... 79
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8.3 Mitigation of operation phase impacts ......................................................................................... 80

8.3.1 Traffic management ............................................................................................................. 80
8.3.2 Ensure efficient water use .................................................................................................... 80
8.3.3 Ensure efficient energy consumption ................................................................................... 81
8.3.4 Ensuring efficient solid waste management ......................................................................... 81
8.4 Mitigation of decommissioning phase impacts ............................................................................ 82
8.4.1 Efficient solid waste management ........................................................................................ 82
8.4.2 Reduction of dust concentration ........................................................................................... 82
8.4.3 Minimization of noise and vibration .................................................................................... 82
8.4.4 Health and safety .................................................................................................................. 83
9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................................................... 84
9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 84
9.1.1 Construction Phase EMP ...................................................................................................... 84
9.1.2 Operational Phase EMP...................................................................................................... 103
9.1.3 Decommissioning Phase EMP ........................................................................................... 107
10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................... 110
Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 110
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................. 110
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 111
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................ 112

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Project description and details………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….26

Table 2: Gross area schedule summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31

Table 4: Maximum permissible noise levels ................................................................................................................ 53

Table 5: Minimum health and safety requirements for engineering construction works ........................................... 57

Table 6: Environmental management plan for the construction phase of the proposed project ............................... 54

Table 7: Environmental management plan for the operation phase of the proposed project………………………………..124

Table 8: Environmental management plan for the decommissioning phase of the proposed project……………………128

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1: Existing buildings within the proposed project site………………………………………………………………………………….27

Plate 2: A view showing the site ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..28

LIST OF MAPS

Map 1: Location of the proposed project…………………………………………………………………………………………………………26

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

Lakers Consultancy Limited which is a NEMA registered firm of experts was contracted by the
proponent (Jesus House of Praise) to carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment for a
Proposed Mixed-Use Urban Development located along Meru-Nairobi Highway, Meru town,
Meru county. This was to comply with the Legal requirement stipulated in the Environmental
Management and Coordination Act 1999 and the subsequent Legal supplement of 2003.

The proponent is proposing to construct a thirty-storey mixed use urban development on plot
L.R No NTIMA/IGOKI/3235 located along Meru-Embu-Nairobi Highway in Meru town, Meru
county. The proposed development will mainly comprise of Office spaces, Retail spaces,
Apartments, a Hotel, Retail Parking, shops, a supermarket, church halls, conference halls,
swimming pool, gym and associated ancillary facilities within the proposed plot.
Environmental Impact Assessment is a tool for environmental Planning and has been identified
as a key component in new project implementation. According to section 58 of the
Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) No.8 of 1999 second schedule 9 (1),
and Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) regulation, 2003, new projects must
undergo Environmental Impact Assessment. The Report of the same must be submitted to
National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) for approval and issuance of relevant
certificates. This was necessary as many forms of developmental activities cause damage to the
environment and hence the greatest challenge today is to maintain sustainable development
without interfering with the environment.

Scope Objective and Criteria of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

The Kenya Government policy on all new projects, programmes or activities requires that an
environmental impact assessment is carried out at the planning stages of the proposed
undertaking. The scope of this Environmental Impact Assessment, therefore, covered:

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 The baseline environmental conditions of the area,

 Description of the proposed project,

 Provisions of the relevant environmental laws,

 Identification and discuss of any adverse impacts to the environment anticipated

from the proposed project,

 Appropriate mitigation measures,

 Provision of an environmental management plan outline.

The scope of the assessment covered construction works of the proposed development which
includes ground preparation, masonry works and installation of service lines as well as the

utilities required by the development. The output of this work was a comprehensive
Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report for the purposes of applying for an EIA license.

The main objective of the assignment was to assist the proponent prepare a study report after
carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed development to ensure
that appropriate measures to mitigate any adverse impacts to the environment are taken into
consideration. The Environmental Impact Assessment carried out on the project identified
existing and potential environmental impacts and possible concerns that interested and/or
affected parties have with the development, as well as the associated prevention and
mitigation measures for the negative impacts as stipulated in the Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) proposed.
The consultant on behalf of the proponent conducted the study by incorporating but not
limited to the following terms of reference: -

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 Description of the nature of the proposed project;

 The location of the project including the physical area that may be affected by the
project’s activities;
 The activities that shall be undertaken during the project construction, operation
and decommissioning phases;
 The design of the project;
 The materials to be used, products and by-products, including waste to be
generated by the project and the methods of their disposal;
 The potential environmental impacts of the project and the mitigation measures to
be taken during and after implementation of the project;
 An action plan for the prevention and management of possible accidents during the
project cycle;
 A plan to ensure the health and safety of the workers and neighbouring
communities;
 The economic and socio-cultural impacts to the local community and the nation in
general;
 The project budget; and
 Any other information the Authority (NEMA) may require.
Methodology outline
The general steps followed during the assessment were as follows: -
 Environment screening, in which the project was identified as among those
requiring environmental impact assessment under schedule 2 of EMCA, 1999
 Environmental scoping that provided the key environmental issues
 Desktop studies and interviews
 Distribution of questionnaires
 Physical inspection of the site and surrounding areas
 Reporting
Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Adequate environmental management systems will be incorporated during the entire planning,
construction and operating stages of the project to minimize any adverse environmental

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impacts and assure sustainable development of the area. A Summary of major impacts and
mitigation measures is presented in the Table below.

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Positive impacts Impact Description

Employment The construction and operation of the proposed Project are
opportunities expected to offer employment opportunities; These range from
unskilled, casual workers, semi-skilled and formal employees.
Impacts on local and Gains in the local economy will result from the utilization of locally
national economy available materials including: building stones, iron sheets, timber,
bricks, paint, electrical cables, water storage equipment, water
pipes, steel, glasses, fencing posts, sand, cement, fuels, etc. and
paying of taxes to the government.
Optimal land use Change in land use from underutilized land to land on which a
modern high-rise development stands will optimize land use in the
Area
Improved The operation of the proposed Project may induce improvements in
infrastructure infrastructure around the facility e.g.: - improved roads, electricity
connection, regular maintenance of roads, storm water drainages
and power lines around the building and environs

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Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures

Comply with maximum permissible noise levels for constructions
sites as per Second Schedule of the Environmental Management
and Coordination (Noise and Excessive Vibration Pollution)
(Control) Regulations, 2009
Apply for a License from NEMA whereby maximum permissible
noise levels are to be exceeded
Noise and vibrations  Prescribe noise reduction measures e.g. restricted working hours,
generation
transportation hours and noise buffering;
Install portable barriers to shield compressors and stationary
equipment where necessary and locate stationary noise sources
as far from existing sensitive receptors as possible;
Use quiet equipment (i.e. equipment designed with noise control
elements such as mufflers)
Provide 2.4-meter-high hoarding along site boundary
 Provide effective dust screen, sheeting or netting where a
scaffolding is erected around the perimeter of a building under
construction, from the ground floor level of the building, or if a
canopy is provided at the first-floor level, from the first-floor level,
up to the highest level of the scaffolding
Any skip hoist for material transport shall be totally enclosed by
Air pollution (dust impervious sheeting
and exhaust  Water all active construction areas when necessary
emissions)  Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials or
require all trucks to maintain at least two feet of freeboard;
 Pave, apply water when necessary, or apply (non-toxic) soil
stabilizers on all unpaved access roads, parking areas and staging
areas at construction site;
Down wash of trucks (especially tyres) prior to departure from site
Use of electrically operated construction machinery to avoid
externalities produced by diesel engines

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Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures

Security shall be enhanced by ensuring security guards are always
posted within and around the project site and strategic placement
of security lights around the site.
A roster of all construction workers shall be kept while measures
shall be put in place to ensure that loitering by itinerant workers is
discouraged
 Unattended public access to the construction site shall be
Health and safety restricted and only one entry/exit point shall be used
risks Appropriate health and safety measures shall be implemented as
per the OSHA Act 2007
Warning signs should be placed in appropriate places.
Safety education and training of the construction workers should
be undertaken.
Appropriate Personal Protective Gear shall be worn at all times by
all within the construction site including visitors
Install appropriate fire management equipment
A barricade at least 3 feet high must be erected around a trench
that is 1 meter or deeper
Excavated material should not be placed less than 4 feet from the
edge of a trench to minimize risk of collapse due to the weight of
Deep trenching/ the spoil
excavation risks Where a possibility of collapse or cave of an excavation exists, it
should be shored, shielded, benched or battered to prevent the
collapse or cave-in.
Ladders must be provided no more than 20 meters apart in the
area where excavation works are being carried out
Terrace, level and rip off compacted areas of the project site to
reduce run-off velocity and increase infiltration of storm water
into the soil
Soil erosion and
 Dig trenches and cut off drains to channel runoff into existing
water logging
peripheral storm water drains
Surface runoff should be harvested where applicable for reuse
during construction works
Use durable, long-lasting materials that will not need to be
replaced often, thereby reducing the amount of construction
Waste generation waste generated over time;
Provide facilities for proper handling and storage of construction
materials to reduce the amount of waste caused by damage or

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Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures

exposure to the elements;
Use building materials that have minimal packaging to avoid the
generation of excessive packaging waste;
Use construction materials containing recycled content when
possible and in accordance with accepted standards
Ensure adequate collection and storage of waste on site and safe
transportation to licensed disposal sites by licensed waste
handlers
Any work that disturbs normal traffic signal operations shall be
coordinated with the relevant authorities
Ensure that the Entry/Exit to the project site is located where it
will cause minimal traffic
Ensure all construction vehicles to and from the construction site
use the designated Entry/Exit to the project site
All transportation of construction raw materials and excavated
materials are to be conducted at traffic off peak hours only
Increased traffic Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials to
avoid spillage and dust emissions that may interfere with smooth
motoring
“NO PARKING" signs will be posted around the building where
Parking is prohibited and likely to cause obstruction as well as
other necessary traffic signs
Traffic management/parking personnel shall be provided to
monitor parking and ensure smooth motoring along the buildings
adjacent roads
Promote awareness on water conservation and reducing water
wastage
Reduce water delivery in taps, through the installation of low flow
Increased water
devices or aerators on taps
demand
Press action taps, flush valves and urinal sensors shall be used to
minimize water wastage in public washrooms
Install water efficient plumbing.

Improve lighting efficiency by efficient window placement during
project design (day-lighting)

Increased Energy Identify and use equipment/systems having minimum energy
demand consumption

Audit energy use occasionally

Use alternative energy sources such as solar power

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Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures

Other mitigation measures are outlined within the report

Conclusion
Considering the proposed location, construction, management and mitigation measures that
will be put in place and the project’s contribution in the provision of quality facility and creating
employment opportunities its implementation is considered important and beneficial.
The key effort should be geared towards safeguarding the environment. This can be effectively
overcome through close following and implementation of the recommended Environmental
Management Plan.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background and rationale for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Jesus House of Praise is proposing to construct a thirty-storey mixed use urban
development on plot L.R No NTIMA/IGOKI/3235 located along Meru-Embu-Nairobi
Highway, Meru town, Meru county. The proposed development will mainly comprise of
Office spaces, Retail spaces, Apartments, church halls, swimming pool, gym, supermarket,
serviced apartments, hotels, conference halls, Retail Parking and associated ancillary
facilities within the proposed plot.
According to Sections 58 and 138 of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act
(EMCA) of 1999 and Part II and III of the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit)
Regulations 2003 (Legal No. 101), construction of the proposed development requires an
Environmental Impact Assessment Report prepared and submitted to the National
Environment Management Authority (NEMA) for review and eventual Licensing before the
development commences.
1.2 Terms of reference (TOR)
The TOR for this assessment is based on the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit)
Regulations dated June 2003. According to the Regulations the Study Report should where
possible, contain description of the following: -

Description of the nature of the proposed project;

The location of the project including the physical area that may be affected by
the project’s activities;

The activities that shall be undertaken during the project construction, operation
and decommissioning phases;

The design of the project;

The materials to be used, products and by-products, including waste to be
generated by the project and the methods of their disposal;

The potential environmental impacts of the project and the mitigation measures
to be taken during and after implementation of the project;

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
An action plan for the prevention and management of possible accidents during
the project cycle;

A plan to ensure the health and safety of the workers and neighbouring
communities;

The economic and socio-cultural impacts to the local community and the nation
in general;

The project budget; and

Any other information the Authority (NEMA) may require.
1.3 Scope and objective of the Environmental Impact Assessment
1.3.1 Scope
The Kenya Government policy on all new projects, programmes or activities requires
that an environmental impact assessment be carried out at the planning stages of the
proposed undertaking to ensure that significant impacts on the environment are taken
into consideration during the design, construction, operation and decommissioning of
the facility. The scope of this Environmental Impact Assessment, therefore, covered:

The baseline environmental conditions of the area,

Description of the proposed project,

Provisions of the relevant environmental laws,

Identification and discussion of any adverse impacts to the environment
anticipated from the proposed project,

Appropriate mitigation measures,

Provision of an environmental management plan outline.
1.4 Methodology of the Environmental Impact Assessment
1.4.1 Data collection procedures
Data collection was carried out through administration of questionnaires, use of
checklists, observations and photography, site visits and desktop environmental studies,
where necessary, in the manner specified in Part V (Section 31-41) of the Environmental
(Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003.
1.4.2 Desktop study

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This included documentary review on the nature of the proposed activities, project
documents, Meru County Development Plan, and relevant legislative and regulatory
frameworks among others. It also included discussions with the developer, project
managers, architects and design engineers.
1.4.3 Site assessment
Field visits were carried out specifically for physical inspection of the proposed project
site characteristics and the environmental status of the surrounding areas to determine
the anticipated impacts. It also included taking photographs of the proposed site, access
roads that will be used to access the site and other important features within the site
and the surrounding areas.
1.4.4 EIA public consultation
To ensure adequate public consultation in the EIA process, the consultant prepared
questionnaires which were administered to the site neighbors within a one Kilometer
radius and the information gathered was subsequently synthesized and incorporated
into the EIA Study Report. The appendices contain random sample copies of the
Completed questionnaires that were administered and the public meeting attendance
register. Project consent forms have also been given to various agencies for their
comments on the proposed project.
1.4.5 Reporting and documentation
A comprehensive EIA Study Report containing the findings has been compiled by the
Consultant in accordance with NEMA guidelines and submitted to NEMA by the Firm of
Experts on behalf of the proponent for consideration and approval. The Consultant
ensured constant briefing of the client during the exercise. Description plans and
sketches showing various activities are part of the Appendices.
The Study Report outline is as follows:

Executive Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Description of the Project

Chapter 3: Baseline Information of the Study Area

Chapter 4: Relevant Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks

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
Chapter 5: Public Participation

Chapter 6: Analysis of Project Alternatives

Chapter 7: Assessment of Environmental Impacts

Chapter 8: Impacts Mitigation and Monitoring

Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan

Chapter 10: Conclusion and Recommendations.

References

Appendices
1.5 Obligations of the consultant
The Consultant undertook all the works necessary to produce the Environmental Study
Report and the supporting details for submission to NEMA. In order to do this, the
Proponent provided a contact person to provide information required by the Consultant and
background information of the proposed project. The Proponent also provided copies of
land ownership, design drawings and estimated project cost. Copies of the land title deeds
of the proposed site and design drawings are appended within the Appendix of this study
Report.

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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Project brief

Jesus House of Praise is proposing to construct a thirty-storey mixed-use urban
development on plot L.R No NTIMA/IGOKI/3235 located in Meru. The proposed
development will mainly comprise of Office spaces, Retail spaces, apartments, serviced
apartments, Hotels, a swimming pool, gym. Church halls, Retail Parking and associated
ancillary facilities within the proposed plot. The actual design components of the project
include: -
 Construction of a thirty-storey building with 2 lower ground levels
 Construction of a driveways, sidewalks and parking bays
 Development utilities (water, drainage, electricity, health and safety
systems, IT systems and security)
 Site landscaping/beautification
2.2 Location and size of the project
The proposed project site is located in a Land Parcel identified as L. R. No.
NTIMA/IGOKI/3235 and covers a total area of 0.4 hectares. The proposed project site GPS
coordinates are 0°2'31.9668"N - 37°39'13.2264"E and it is situated along Meru-Embu-

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Nairobi Highway in Meru town, Meru County. The project plot can be accessed from the

highway.
Map 1: Location of the proposed project

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Table 1: Project description and details

ITEM DETAILS
1 Proponent Jesus House of Praise
Project
2 Description Proposed mixed use urban development
3 Main components Office spaces, Retail spaces, Apartments,
Serviced Apartments, Hotel, restaurants,
church halls, conference halls, swimming
pool, gym and retail parking
4 Number of Floors 30-storey

5 Project Cost Ksh. 4,524,042,292.14

6 Plot LR. No. NTIMA/IGOKI/3235
7 Plot Size 0.4 Hectares
Access
8 road/street Meru-Embu-Nairobi Highway
9 General area Meru town, Meru County
10 GPS Coordinates Latitude 0°2'31.9668"N
Longitude 37°39'13.2264"E
11 Distance from Meru CBD 1.6 KM
Solid Rock Church
Notable Kwa Nthambi, Gitimbine, Market
12 neighbours Pesa Point POS Godka Hotel
Destiny Academy
Business center- Towngate Shopping Centre
13 Available infrastructure Meru-Embu-Nairobi Highway
KPLC mains
MEWASS piped water mains
MEWASS sewer mains
Tent (large)
Semi-permanent building
14 Structures on site
Tarmacked driveway
Trees within various parts of the compound
15 Vegetation on site Vegetable garden

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2.3 Existing Structures

As indicated in Table 1 above the proposed project site is currently occupied by several
non-permanent structures. The project plot is surrounded by a natural hedge fence which
fall within the plot i.e. parts of the project site extend outside the erected fences. The
project plot borders Meru-Embu-Nairobi Highway to the West, Kwa Nthambi Market to the
South and Solid Rock Church to the East. Parts of the compound are occupied by tall trees
which surround the project site. The area is served by MEWASS piped water and sewer line
connection as well as KPLC electricity power.

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Plate 1: Existing buildings/structures within the proposed project site

Plate 2: A view showing the site entrance

2.4 Character of surrounding environment

Jesus House of Praise area and the surrounding area consist mainly of several commercial
premises and is an upcoming business district in the town of Meru. Currently the area is
dominated by single-storey commercial and mixed-use buildings. Opposite the site is a
business centre known as Town-Gate Place. The proposed development will thus be suitable
for the area and will complement it in terms of development.

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Plate 3: TOWNGATE Centre as seen from the project site

2.5 Building particulars

The Design of the building incorporated a ‘whole building approach’ in line with the design
requirements of high-performance buildings. This approach generally involves the
integration of all building components and systems and determines how they best work
together to save energy and water and also reduce environmental impact. In general, the
design of the project will essentially optimize the use of best available technology to
prevent or minimize potentially significant environmental impacts associated with the
project and to incorporate efficient operational controls together with trained staff, to
ensure high level business and environmental performances. Specific details of the
proposed development are outlined in the proposed projects Architectural Drawings
containing the site plan, layouts, sections, elevation and other plans that illustrate the
development in more detail attached within the appendices. The proposed buildings design
proposes 30 storey structure with two lower basement levels mainly to serve as the
buildings parking bays. The buildings will have the following main components,
1. Office spaces
2. Retail spaces; supermarket and shops
3. Apartments reception
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4. Serviced Apartments
5. Hotel reception
6. Parking
7. Service areas/rooms
8. Church halls
9. Conference halls
10. Swimming pool and gym
11. Arcade
12. Balcony
13. Lounge
14. Stores

Table 2 below indicates on which floor each of the above components shall be located in
and the gross area to be occupied by each in total ;

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Table 2: Gross area schedule summary

ParkingRooms ChurchHall Restaurant Food Court Kitchen Ball Room Arcade Lounge Ladies & Gents Store Shops Hotel ReceptionApartment Reception Supermarket LobbyBath Balcony Conference HallPool &Gym

Floors
Basement -1 64 1
Basement -2 136 1
Ground Floor 1 14 1 1 2
Mezzanine 1st Flr 2 1
Mezzanine 2-4th Flr 1 17
Mezzanine 5th Flr 4 2 1
Mezzanine 6th Flr 1 1 1 4
Mezzanine 7th Flr 1 4 1 3
Typical 1-28th Flr 28 @ 4@ 8@ 28 @ 28 @
29th Floor 2 2 3 1
30th Floor 2 2 5
Artic Floor 1 1 4 1

Total 200 784 2 3 4 117 4 1 225 9 2 31 1 1 2 17 784 784 5 1

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2.5.1 Parking area and driveway

Two lower ground floors (basement) which are part of the project design will be
designated mainly as vehicle car park. Both basement 1 and 2 which will mainly be
parking spaces will have a total of 200 parking bays. All parking areas and driveways will
be concrete screed or paved using cabro paving blocks while entry/exit ramps will be
made of concrete. The driveways and entry/exit ramps will measure 6 meters and will
be spacious such as to allow easy turning and passage of vehicles and will provided with
adequate road signs and markings to ensure smooth traffic flow. A gate house will also
be provided at the building entry/exit for sentries to control and monitor the in and
outflow of vehicles.
2.5.2 Electrical system
The development will be connected to the electricity main line of the Kenya Power and
Lighting Company which already exists within the project area and thus will be used in
all phases of the project. There will be an 11,000Kva main line with a bulk meter which
will then be stepped down through ABB step down transformers to 220 V. It is also
expected that a generator(s) will be installed within the development once complete.
The necessary guidelines and precautionary measures relating to the use of electricity
shall be adhered to.
2.5.3 Security
Security within and around the project during construction and during operational
phases will be enhanced by security guards posted at the site and installation of security
lighting around the project site. During operation, 24 hours security will be incorporated
by having security guards on site, radio call security alarms systems, closed circuit
television surveillance and security lighting around and within the premises.
2.5.4 Health and Safety systems
Several health and safety implements will be incorporated into the project design so as
to boost the emergency response and preparedness index of the building. Emergency
staircases shall be incorporated from the topmost floor to the ground floor while hose
reels shall be located at several strategic points of each floor. Portable fire extinguishers
and smoke detectors shall be incorporated at strategic points in all floors including the
basement floors. Emergency response and “Emergency Exit” notices will also be posted
where applicable and appropriate.

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2.5.5 Water reticulation system

Water from the Meru Water & Sewerage Company will be used during the construction
phase of the project. It has been proposed that a borehole will be dug within the project
site; if this is done water supply from MEWASS shall be augmented by borehole water
during the operational phases of the project. Underground water reservoir tanks shall
be built on site while overhead (rooftop) water tanks shall also be used to increase
water storage capacity within the project. Necessary pumps shall be installed to
facilitate water pumping into overhead tanks.
2.5.6 Storm water run-off
All storm water drainage will be channeled into storm water drains which will be
constructed within the project surroundings and within the basement car parks. The
drains will then be channeled to the nearby existing peripheral Meru county storm
water drainage systems. All inspection chambers in the driveway and parking will have
heavy duty covers.
2.5.7 Waste water/Sewerage
Foul water drainage from the building block will be connected to the Meru Water &
Sewerage Company (MEWASS) main sewer line running in Meru town. All sanitary works
will be up to M.O.H standards.
2.5.8 Landscaping
The project site will be landscaped after construction, using plant species available
locally. This will include establishment of flower gardens and water fountains to improve
the aesthetic quality of the site. Sidewalks and decks will also be incorporated around
the project site to allow easy access and provide a beautiful finish to the project
exterior.
2.6 Description of the project’s construction activities
2.6.1 Pre-construction investigations
The implementation of the proposed project’s design and construction phase will start
with thorough investigation and studies of the site’s biological, physical and socio-
economic factors in order to minimize any unforeseen adverse impacts during the
project cycle. Infrastructure assessment studies shall also be conducted so as to
harmonize the proposed project with existing infrastructure and amenities.
2.6.2 Site set up and management

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This involves activities such as screening, fencing the project site, setting up temporary
offices, construction of temporary roads, car parks, storage areas etc.

2.6.3 Demolition works and site clearance

Site clearance process entails any obstruction on the way of the intended construction
activity. This entails demolition of any existing structures on site and clearing of
obstructions including vegetation that may lie within the proposed project path. In this
case there are several permanent structures on the project site hence demolition works
are anticipated. Clearance of existing vegetation including trees and grasses will also be
inevitable if the design of the buildings is considered. Site clearance will result in
significant generation of solid waste generation which should be disposed by using
appropriate methods to be identified within this report.
2.6.4 Ground works
Ground works such as excavation and deep trenching, filling, and the construction of
earth structures e.g. embankments, bunds and cuttings; will be carried out to prepare
the site for construction of foundations and drainage systems. This may involve the use
of machinery such as excavators, bulldozers, backhoes, track hoes and also manual
labour.
2.6.5 Construction of foundations and structural works;
The construction of the buildings foundations, walls, floors, pavements, drainage
systems and parking area among other components of the proposed project will involve
a lot of masonry work and related activities. General masonry and related activities will
include concrete mixing, plastering, slab construction, construction of foundations,
construction of the envelope of the building, the external facings, cladding, erection of
building walls and curing of fresh concrete surfaces. These activities are known to be
labour intensive and will be supplement by machinery such as concrete mixers, tower
hoists, pavers, concrete vibrators.
2.6.6 Structural steel works
The building will be reinforced with structural steel for stability. Structural steel works
will involve steel cutting, welding and erection.
2.6.7 Mechanical and electrical installations and associated trades
Electrical work during construction of the buildings will include installation of electrical
gadgets and appliances including transformers, generators, meters, electrical cables,
lighting apparatus, sockets etc. In addition, there will be other construction activities
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involving the use of electricity such as welding, metal cutting, running electrical gadgets
etc. Plumbing will entail the installation of pipe-work for water supply and distribution
will be carried out within the building and associated facilities. In addition, pipe-work
will be done to connect the building into the existing sewer system and for drainage of
stormwater from the rooftops and driveways into the peripheral storm water drainage
system. Other associated trades include as joinery, painting, window placement and
plastering. These activities will include metal, wood, glass, plastic and ceramic tiles
cutting, the use of adhesives, metal grinding and wall drilling among other activities.
2.6.8 Landscaping and habitat restoration or creation
To improve the aesthetic value or visual quality of the site once construction ceases,
landscaping will be carried out. This will include establishment of flower gardens and
sidewalks to improve the visual quality of the site. The use top soil and indigenous plant
species that are available locally is preferable.
2.6.9 Site reinstatement, removal of site offices and final clear away
This includes site reinstatement, removal of temporary building structures such as
scaffolds and props, removal of fittings machinery and equipment and final clear away
of surplus spoil.
2.7 Description of the project’s operational activities
2.7.1 Commercial and residential activities
Office, retail space, residential premises and hotel services shall be available for
occupation once the construction of the building is complete. Several commercial
activities such as private office use, conference and seminars, exhibition of items,
running of restaurants, gymnasium etc. will thus be carried out within the building. The
presence of residential premises and serviced apartments within the building will also
mean that several residential activities will be carried out within the building. Vehicle
use and parking will also occur.
2.7.2 Partitioning, general repairs and maintenance
The building and associated facilities will be repaired and maintained regularly during
the operational phase of the project. Such activities will include repair of building walls
and floors, repair and maintenance of electrical gadgets and equipment, repairs of
leaking water pipes, painting, maintenance of flower gardens and replacement of worn
out materials among others. Partitioning of some of the open office and retail spaces
may also be carried out from time to time.
2.7.3 Housekeeping
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Regular cleaning (sweeping, mopping, vacuuming, polishing etc.) of the building’s floors,
carpets, staircases, pavements and general compound is expected to be carried out
during the operational phase of the project. Individual tenants will be responsible for
cleaning their apartments while general areas shall be cleaned by the various building
appointed agents.

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2.8 Description of the project’s decommissioning activities

2.8.1 Demolition works
Upon decommissioning, the proposed project components including the building,
pavements, drainage systems, parking areas and perimeter fence will be demolished.
2.8.2 Dismantling of equipment and fixtures
All equipment including electrical installations, furniture partitions, pipe-work and sinks
among others will be dismantled and removed from the site on decommissioning of the
project.

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3 BASELINE INFORMATION

3.1 Background information on the project area

Meru County is one of the Forty-Seven (47) counties of Kenya strategically located east of
Mt. Kenya, whose peak cuts through the outskirt of its southern boundary. The county has a
total area of 6,936.2Km2 out of which 972.3Km2 is gazetted forest. The county borders five
counties; to the North it borders Isiolo County, to the East Tharaka/Nithi County, to the
South West Nyeri County and to the West Laikipia County. It spans the equator lying 0˚6 ’
North and 0˚1’ South and between latitudes 37˚ West and 38˚ East. The county’s position on
the eastern slopes of Mt Kenya and the equator has highly influenced its natural conditions.
Altitude ranges from 300m to 5,199m above sea level. This has influenced the atmospheric
conditions leading to a wide variety of microclimates and agro-ecological zones. The
drainage pattern in the county is characterized by rivers and streams originating from
catchment areas such as Mt. Kenya and Nyambene ranges in the North of the county. The
rivers cut through the hilly terrain on the upper zones to the lower zones and drain into the
Tana and EwasoNyiro Rivers. The rivers form the main source of water for both domestic
and agricultural use.
Kathita River is a river in eastern Kenya is the longest river in Meru. The river flows in a
north-easterly direction from a source high on Mount Kenya around Ithangune and Rutundu
hills from where it flows easterly through thick equatorial rainforests towards Meru Town,
and in a southeasterly direction into River Tana. It is the northernmost of the Mt. Kenya
tributaries of the Tana River. The Solid Rock Church, Kwa Nthambi, Gitimbine Market and
River Kathita are the main landmarks surrounding or near the project area.
3.2 Constituencies
The county government administrative structure comprises of nine recognised (9)
subcounties, forty five (45) wards and three hundred and ninety two (392) villages The 9
sub-counties include: Imenti South, Meru Central, Imenti North, Buuri, Tigania East, Tigania
West, Igembe Central Igembe South and Igembe North. For the national government
administration, there are ten (10) recognised sub-counties, namely Imenti South, Meru
Central, Imenti North, Buuri, Tigania East, Tigania Central, Tigania West, Igembe Central,
Igembe South and Igembe North; 28 divisions, 133 locations and 351 sub-locations.
3.3 Infrastructure
Roads Network; The county has 5,968 km of road network. This comprises of 582 km
bitumen, 581 km gravel and 4,805 km of earth surface roads. This network is maintained by
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different road agencies such as KeRRA, KURA, KeNHA and County Government. Eighty
percent of the earth roads are under the mandate of the county government. However,
during the rainy seasons, some sections of earth surface roads are impassable
Airports and Airstrips; The county is served by the Isiolo International Airport and a number
of airstripts, namely: Gaitu, Mitunguu and private airstrips which include; Lewa wild life
conservancy, Meru national park, Kisima farm, Oldonyo farm, Embori farm and Maarania
farm airstrips.
Major Bus and Lorry Parks/Terminus; Meru county has several upgraded bus parks which
include; Nkubu offset, Kionyo, Nkubu main stage, Gitimbine, Gakoromone offset, Samrat,
Riverland, G4S, Meru main stage, Personality, Makutano main stage, Makutano offset,
Timau main stage, Kianjai offset, Maua Main stage, Kariene, offset, Laare and Maua offset.
Information, Communication Technology; Meru County Government has focused on the
investment in information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve governance and
service delivery. Most private and public organizations/Institutions have embraced ICT in the
day to day operations. There is high demand for internet services and communication
requirements. Most of the areas in the county are covered by mobile phone network. The
areas without mobile network coverage are mainly areas of Tigania East Sub-County.
Energy Access; According to Kenya Population Census 2009, the main source of energy for
cooking by household is wood fuel and charcoal which accounts for 86.1 per cent and 6.6
per cent respectively. The number of households connected to electricity is 13.6 per cent;
those using paraffin are 4.5 per cent, gas 2.4 per cent, biogas 0.1 per cent and solar 6.6 per
cent. Major public and private institutions are connected to national grid but the major
challenge for the county is how to connect the over 85 per cent households with electricity.
Meru County boasts of immense green energy generation potential. The potential can be
tapped from the main rivers with good site for hydro-power, a wind speed of approximately
7m/s ideal for wind energy and solar radiation of 6.2KWh/m2 /day.
3.4 Population
The County’s population growth rate is estimated at 2.1 per cent per annum. The projected
population of the county in 2018 is 1,635,264, consisting of 808,596 males and 826,668
females. The county population is projected to grow to 1,703,945 in 2020 and 1,775,511 in
2022. The growth in population will be a strain on available resources such as land, water
and natural resources but on the other hand provides opportunity for growth. The urban
population is projected at 68,687 males and 70,007 females as at 2018 with approximately
60 per cent of the total urban population residing in Meru Town. The rise of urban
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population from 115,033 in 2009 to the projected figure of 150,587 in 2022 is expected to
provide an expanding urban market but will also strain the available urban resources. This
calls for prior planning of available resources and expansion of social and economic facilities
in the urban areas to accommodate the expanding population. The growth in population
within the urban centres will expand central markets for agricultural and industrial products
within these centres that call for investment in the agricultural value chain to meet this
demand.

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3.5 Climate
The distribution of rainfall ranges from 300mm per annum in the lower midlands in the
North to 2500mm per annum in the South East. Other areas receive on average 1250mm of
rainfall annually. There are two seasons with the long rains occurring from mid-March to
May and short rains from October to December. Temperatures range from a low of 8oC to a
high of 32oC during the cold and hot seasons respectively.
3.6 Economic activities
The economy of Meru is primarily agrarian. The growing of a variety of crops and keeping
livestock in some parts of the county form a critical chunk of the economic activities of the
people of Meru. The Greater Meru is endowed with soils and climatic conditions that allow
for the production of a variety of commodities including wheat, barley, potatoes, millet,
sorghum and maize. High grade tea, coffee, bananas and Miraa (Khat) are the key cash
crops. The Meru were indeed the first Africans to grow coffee in Kenya in early 1930s upon
the implementation of the Devonshire White Paper of 1923. Other crops include
groundnuts and a wide range of legumes, vegetables and fruits.
3.7 Water resources and quality
The county has eleven (11) permanent rivers with major one being River Kathita which is a
tributary to River Tana. The county has several shallow wells, protected springs, water pans,
Public and Private Dams and boreholes. These form the major sources of water for domestic
use and irrigation. The quality of waters in the county is good hence recommended for both
domestic use and irrigation as it originates from pristine catchment areas within Mount
Kenya and Nyambene forests. Despite this, the land use practices and increase in use of
agrochemicals in agriculture sector tend to pollute the water as it flows downstream.
The county has water supply in some urban centres mainly from rivers originating from Mt.
Kenya forest and Nyambene hills. Meru Water and Sewerage Company (MEWASS) is the
only company licensed to supply water and sewerage services in Meru and Maua towns.
IMETHA Water Company supplies water to all other towns and markets around the county.
Other small water projects including church owned Diocese of Meru water and sewerage
company (DOMWASCO) have been started through community initiatives due to high
demand for domestic and irrigation especially in arid areas of the county.
Water management Institutions in Meru County include; MEWASS, IMETHA and
DOMWASCO. These institutions work with community water projects committees to ensure
sustainable usage of water in the county. The County Government is embarking on various

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activities to protect water catchment areas for sustainability through of planting bamboo
trees.
3.8 Environment
The main causes of environmental degradation in the county is attributed to anthropogenic
activities such as farming, mining, road construction, human settlements and overstocking of
livestock. Human activities such over cultivation, overgrazing, uncontrolled mining as well as
settlements along sensitive ecosystems disturb the ecological setup and expose soil to
erosion, reducing its ability to sustain natural regeneration. The major degraded areas within
the county comprise of degraded river ecosystems, hill ecosystems and forest ecosystems.
Among the major hotspots comprise of stone and sand mining quarries which are prone to
collapsing especially during rainy seasons. Nchuura hills are prone to massive erosion which
has resulted to heavy losses of fertile soils within Nkomo and Kianja wards. The primary
contributor to all the natural atrocities is the ever-increasing population which as a result
exerts more pressure to the finite land resource.
Deforestation poses a serious challenge which is the loss or reduction of tree cover and
forests. Most of the public hills have been demarcated and allotment done to individuals,
this has posed challenges making conservation planning slow or impossible. Within the
grazing areas, there has been reported cases of invasive species colonizing the area. The
invasive species have colonized the grazing lands due to their unpalatability.

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4 RELEVANT LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS

4.1 Introduction
According to Sections 58 and 138 of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act
(EMCA) No. 8 of 1999 and Section 3 of the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit)
Regulations 2003 (Legal No. 101), new projects require an Environmental Impact
Assessment project report prepared and submitted to the National Environment
Management Authority (NEMA) for review and eventual Licensing before the development
commences. This was necessary as many forms of developmental activities cause damage to
the environment and hence the greatest challenge today is to maintain sustainable
development without interfering with the environment.
4.2 Environmental Policy Framework
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a methodology used to identify the actual and
probable impacts of the projects and programmes on the environment and to recommend
alternatives and mitigating measures. The assessment is required at all stages of project
development with a view to ensuring environmentally sustainable development for both
existing and proposed public and private sector development ventures. The National EIA
regulations were issued in accordance with the provisions of Environmental Management
and Coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999. The EIA Regulations must be administered, taking
into cognizance provisions of EMCA 1999 and other relevant national laws. The intention is
to approve and license only those projects that take into consideration all aspects of
concern to the public as they impact on health and the quality of the environment.
4.3 Institutional Framework
At present there are over twenty (20) institutions and departments which deal with
environmental issues in Kenya. Some of the key institutions include the National
Environmental Council (NEC), National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA), the
Forestry Department, Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) and others. There are also local and
international NGOs involved in environmental issues in the country.
4.3.1 National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA)
The object and purpose for which NEMA is established is to exercise general supervision and
co-ordinate over all matters relating to the environment and to be the principal instrument
of the government in the implementation of all policies relating to the environment.

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4.4 Environmental Legal Framework

Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act No. 8 of 1999, provide a legal and
institutional framework for the management of the environmental related matters. It is the
framework law on environment, which was enacted on the 14 th of January 1999 and
commenced in January 2002. Topmost in the administration of EMCA is National

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Environment Council (NEC), which formulates policies, set goals, and promotes
environmental protection programmes. The implementing organ is National Environment
Management Authority (NEMA). EMCA comprises of the parts covering all aspects of the
environment.
Part VIII, section 72 of the Act prohibits discharging or applying poisonous, toxic, noxious or
obstructing matter, radioactive or any other pollutants into aquatic environment. Section 73
requires that operators of projects which discharge effluent or other pollutants submit to
NEMA accurate information about the quantities and quality of the effluent. Section 74
demands that all effluent generated from point sources are discharged only into the existing
sewages system upon issuance of prescribed permit from the Local Authorities.
4.4.1 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999
Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act No. 8 of 1999, provides a legal and
institutional framework for the management of the environmental related matters. It is the
framework law on environment, which was enacted on the 14th of January 1999 and
commenced in January 2002. Topmost in the administration of EMCA is National
Environment Council (NEC), which formulates policies, set goals, and promotes
environmental protection programmes. The implementing organ is National Environment
Management Authority (NEMA). EMCA comprises of the parts covering all aspects of the
environment. The Second Schedule to the Act specifies the projects for which an EIA and
environmental audit must be carried out. According to the Act, Section 68, all projects
listed in the Second Schedule of the Act must undertake an Environmental Impact
Assessment, keep accurate records and make annual reports to NEMA or as NEMA may, in
writing, require. The Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003,
provide the basis for procedures for carrying out Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)
and Environmental Audits (EAs). The main objectives of the Act are to:
 Provide guidelines for the establishment of an appropriate legal and
institutional framework for the management of the environment in Kenya;
 Provide a framework legislation for over 70 statutes in Kenya that contain
environmental provisions;
 Provide guidelines for environmental impact assessment, environmental
audit and monitoring, environmental quality standards and environmental
protection orders.
4.4.2 The Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003

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The Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003 state in Regulation 3
that “the Regulations shall apply to all policies, plans, programmes, projects and activities
specified in Part IV, Part V and the Second Schedule of the Act”. Regulation 4(1) further
states that:
‘‘…no proponent shall implement a project:
a) likely to have a negative environmental impact; or
b) for which an environmental impact assessment is required under the Act or
these Regulation unless an environmental impact assessment has been
concluded and approved in accordance with these Regulations…’’
Compliance
 The Proponent has commissioned the carrying out of an Environmental
Impact Assessment for submission to NEMA for approval.
 The Proponent undertakes to protect the environment during the
implementation (Construction and Operation) of the project and also carry
out annual Environmental Audits.
4.4.3 Waste Management Regulations, 2006
Part II of the Waste Management Regulations 4 (1) states that no person shall dispose of
any waste on a public highway, street, road, recreational area or in any public place except
in a designated receptacle. Regulation 4 (2) further states that a waste generator shall
collect, segregate and dispose such waste in the manner provided for under the regulations.
Compliance
 The proponent has undertaken to ensure that all waste generated is
collected and handled appropriately and disposed off at a designated
waste disposal sites
4.4.4 Noise and Excessive Vibrations
Part II of the Noise and Excessive Vibrations regulations, regulation 3 (1) states that Except
as otherwise provided in these Regulations, no person shall make or cause to be made any
loud, unreasonable, unnecessary or unusual noise which annoys, disturbs, injures or
endangers the comfort, repose, health or safety of others and the environment.

Regulation 4 of the Noise and Excessive vibrations: - states that except as otherwise
provided in the Regulations, no person shall-

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(a) make or cause to be made excessive vibrations which annoy, disturb, injure or
endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of others and the environment;
or
(b) cause to be made excessive vibrations which exceed 0.5 centimeters per second
beyond any source property boundary or 30 meters from any moving
source; Regulation 11 on Machinery: - states that any person wishing to
(a) operate or repair any machinery, motor vehicle, construction equipment or
other equipment, pump, fan, air-conditioning apparatus or similar mechanical
device; or
(b) Engage in any commercial or industrial activity, which is likely to emit noise or
excessive vibrations shall carry out the activity or activities within the relevant
levels prescribed in the First Schedule to the Regulations as shown in the Table 4
below

Table 4: Maximum permissible noise levels

ZONE Sound Level Limits Noise Rating Level (NR)

dB(A) (Leq,14 h)
(Leq,14 h)
A Silent Zone 40 35 30 25
B Places of worship 40 35 30 25
C Residential :
Indoor 45 35 35 25
Outdoor 50 35 40 25
D Mixed residential (with 55 35 50 25
some commercial and
places of entertainment)
E Commercial 60 35 55 25

Compliance
 The proponent has undertaken to ensure that all noise and vibration are
kept below the maximum allowable threshold
4.4.5 Water Quality Regulations, 2006
Part II of the Water Quality Regulations 4 (1) states that every person shall refrain from any
act which directly or indirectly causes, or may cause immediate or subsequent water
pollution, and it shall be immaterial whether or not the water resource was polluted before
the enactment of the Act. Regulation 4 (2) further states no person shall throw or cause to
flow into or near a water resource any liquid, solid or gaseous substance or deposit any
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such substance in or near it, as to cause pollution. Regulation 6 (b) further states that no
person shall abstract ground water or carry out any activity near any lakes, rivers, streams,
springs and wells that is likely to have any adverse impact on the quantity and quality of
the water, without an Environmental Impact Assessment license issued in accordance with
the provisions of the Act; or (C) cultivate or undertake any development activity within a
minimum of six meters and a maximum of thirty meters from the highest ever recorded
flood level, on either side of a river or stream, and as may be determined by the Authority
from time to time.
Compliance
 The proponent undertakes to safeguard any natural water bodies within or
near the project site.

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4.4.6 Water Act, 2002

Section 25 (1) of this Act states that a permit shall be required for any of the following
purposes:
 any use of water from a water resource, except as provided by Section 26;
 the drainage of any swamp or other land;
 the discharge of a pollutant into any water resource; and
 Any purpose, to be carried out in or in relation to a water resource, which is
prescribed by rules made under this Act to be a purpose for which a permit is
required.
Part II, Section 18, of this Act provides for national monitoring and information system on water
resources. Following on this, Sub-section 3 of the same Section, allows the Water Resources
Management Authority (WRMA) to demand from any person or institution, specified
information, documents, samples or materials on water resources. Under these rules, specific
records may be required to be kept by a facility operator and the information thereof furnished
to the Authority.
Compliance
 The proponent undertakes to safeguard any natural water bodies within or
near the project site.
4.4.7 The Energy Act, 2006
The Act establishes an Energy Regulatory Commission mandated to perform all function that
pertains to energy production, transmission, setting and enforcing of energy policies, Public
education and enforcing energy conservation strategies, prescribing the energy licensing
process and issuing of licenses that pertain to energy sector in Kenya. Section 30 of the Act
provides the factors that shall be taken into consideration prior to issuance of license. It states
the need and expression of an entity to conserve and protect the environment and natural
resources in accordance to the Environmental and Coordination Act of 1999 (No. 8 of 1999),
moreover, the Act gives provisions for the need to protect health and safety of users of energy
by providing an enabling environment of operation that protects the health and safety of users
of the service for which the license or permit is required and other members of the public
affected by the undertaking.
4.4.8 The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007
This is an Act of Parliament to make provision for health, safety and welfare of persons
employed in factories and other places, and for matters incidental thereto and connected
therewith.
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4.4.8.1 Building Operations and Works of Engineering Constructions

The provisions of the Factories and Other Places of Work Act relevant to engineering
construction works are contained in the Abstract of the Act for Building Operations, and Works
of Engineering Construction Rules. These are summarized in Table 5 below.

Table 5: Minimum health and safety requirements for engineering construction works

Legal
Description
Requirements
General Requirements
Notice should be sent in writing to the Occupational Health and Safety
Give notice of
Officer, not later than seven days after commencement of construction
particular
and building works except where the construction works will be complete
operations or
in less than six weeks or notice had already been given to the
works
Occupational Health and Safety Officer
A general register of every person undertaking building operations or
construction works is kept in adherence to the prescribed form. This
register is kept at the site of operations or at the office of the person
undertaking the operations or works.
The register should contain:
 The certificate of registration of the workplace;
 Every other certificate issued by the Chief Inspector under this Act;
 The prescribed particulars as to the finishing (washing, white washing,
General Register colour washing, painting or varnishing) of the facility;
 The prescribed particulars as to every accident and case of
occupational disease occurring in the workplace of which a notice is
required to be sent to a labour officer under the provisions of any law
for the time being in force;
 All reports and particulars required by any other provision of this Act
to be entered in or attached to the general register;
 Such other matters as may be prescribed in the Occupational Safety
and Health Act, 2007.
Safety Requirements
These should be of sound construction and be properly maintained. They
should be thoroughly examined by a competent person at intervals of 24
Air receivers
months and the reports of such examinations attached to the General
Register
Such cylinders should be of good construction, sound material, and
Cylinders for adequate strength and free from patent defect. The cylinders should
compressed, conform to standards specified under the Standards Act or to a prescribed
liquefied and standard specification, approved in writing, by the Director, Kenya Bureau
dissolved gases of Standards. They should be thoroughly examined by a competent person
at regular intervals and a maintenance register kept

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Legal
Description
Requirements
The particulars of an accident causing death or disablement of a worker
for more than three days from earning full wages at the work place where
Notification of he was employed must be sent in the prescribed form to the Occupational
accidents Health and Safety Officer and entered in the General Register. Certain
dangerous occurrences must also be reported whether or not they cause
disablement
Health Requirements
Sanitary Sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences must be available for
accommodation persons employed. These must be kept clean and well lit
Miscellaneous Requirements
The occupier must not make a deduction from wages in respect of
Prohibition of
anything he has to do or provide in pursuance of the Factories Act or
deduction from
permit any person in his employment to receive payment from other
wages
employees for such services
An employee must not willfully interfere with or misuse any means,
Duties of appliance, convenience or other thing provided in pursuance of the Act for
persons securing health, safety or welfare provided for his use under the Act.
employed He must not willfully and without reasonable cause do anything likely to
endanger himself or others
The Occupational Health and Safety Officer has the power to inspect every
part of the premises by day or by night. He may require the production of
registers, certificates and other papers. May examine any person alone or
Inspection in the presence of any other person as he thinks fit and may require him
to sign a declaration of truth of the matters about which he is examined.
Every person obstructing an Occupational Health and Safety Officer is
liable to a penalty

4.4.9 Public Health Act (Cap. 242)

Part IX, section 115, of the Act states that no person/institution shall cause nuisance or
condition liable to be injurious or dangerous to human health. Section 116 requires that
Local Authorities take all lawful, necessary and reasonably practicable measures to maintain
their jurisdiction clean and sanitary to prevent occurrence of nuisance or condition liable to
be injurious or dangerous to human health.

Such nuisance or conditions are defined under section 118 as waste pipes, sewers, drainers
or refuse pits in such state, situated or constructed as in the opinion of the medical officer
of health to be offensive or injurious to health. Any noxious matter or waste water flowing
or discharged from any premises into the public street or into the gutter or side channel or

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watercourse, irrigation channel, or bed not approved for discharge is also deemed as
nuisance. Other nuisances are accumulation of materials or

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refuse which in the opinion of the medical officer of health is likely to harbour rats or other
vermin.
Compliance
 The Proponent undertakes to safeguard the environment ensuring that all
solid waste or waste water effluent emanating from the proposed project is
discharged appropriately.
4.4.10 Physical Planning Act, 1999
The Local Authorities are empowered under Section 29 of the Act to reserve and maintain
all land planned for open spaces, parks, urban forests and green belts. The same section,
therefore allows for the prohibition or control of the use and development of land and
buildings in the interest of proper and orderly development of an area.

Section 30 states that any person who carries out development without development
permission will be required to restore the land to its original condition. It also states that no
other licensing authority shall grant license for commercial or industrial use or occupation of
any building without a development permission granted by the respective Local Authority.

Finally, section 36 states that if connection with a development application, Local Authority
is of the opinion that the proposed development activity will have injurious impact on the
environment, the application shall be required to submit together with the application an
environment impact assessment EIA report. EMCA, 1999 echoes the same by requiring that
such an EIA is approved by the NEMA and should be followed by annual environmental
audits. Land Planning Act (Cap. 303).

Section 9 of the subsidiary legislation (The Development and Use of Land Regulations, 1961)
under this Act requires that before the Local authorities submit any plans to then Minister
for approval, steps should be taken as may be necessary to acquire the owners of any land
affected by such plans. Particulars of comments and objections made by the landowners
should be submitted. This is intended to reduce conflict with the interest such as settlement
and other social and economic activities.

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Compliance
 The Proponent has launched and obtained and shall apply for any other
required approvals of the project development and licenses from all
relevant Local Authority Offices.
4.4.11 Building Code 2000
Section 194 requires that where sewer exists, the occupants of the nearby premises shall
apply to the Local Authority for a permit to connect to the sewer line and all the wastewater
must be discharged into sewers.
4.4.12 Urban and Cities Act No 13 of 2011
The Act came into function with regard to Article 184 of the Constitution providing
regulations on the classification, governance and management of urban areas and cities and
further providing the criteria of establishing urban areas. Part III of the Act gives the
regulations and functions of every city or municipality with regard to integrated development
plans, which shall include but not limited to environmental plans and disaster preparedness,
within the area of jurisdiction in achieving objects of devolved governments under section
174 of the constitution while maintaining the socio-economic rights of the people.
Moreover, in the first schedule, the Act enlists the services the services that the any
municipality shall provide to its residents which include but not limited to traffic control and
parking, water and sanitation, refuse collection, solid waste management, pollution
abatement services among others.
4.4.13 Public Roads and Roads of Access Act (Cap. 399)
Sections 8 and 9 of the Act provides for the dedication, conversion or alignment of public
travel lines including construction of access roads adjacent lands from the nearest part of a
public road. Section 10 and 11 allows for notices to be served on the adjacent land owners
seeking permission to construct the respective roads.
4.4.14 The Environment and Land Court Act, 2011
This Act is in place to give effect to Article 162(2) (b) of the Constitution; to establish a
superior court to hear and determine disputes relating to the environment and the use and
occupation of, and title to, land, and to make provision for its jurisdiction functions and
powers, and for connected purposes.
4.4.15 Licenses and permits
Ideally, the Proponent should demonstrate compliance to the legislation through acquiring of
the appropriate licenses and permits. Further all contractors and consultants who will be
engaged during the planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance and
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decommissioning should demonstrate compliance to the necessary pieces of legislation.

Those who will be involved should therefore provide the Proponent with all legal documents
that shows that they are legally in the business or services that they intend to deliver to the
Proponent. These includes: NEMA registration certificates and licenses, trade licenses, etc.
Compliance
 The Proponent has launched and obtained and shall apply for any other
required approvals of the project development and licenses from all relevant
Local Authority Offices.

5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS

5.1 Sources of Information

This chapter describes the process of the public consultation/participation followed to
identify the key issues and impacts of the proposed mixed-use urban development in Meru.
Views from the general public, local leaders, surrounding institutions and development
partners who in one way or the other would be affected by the proposed project were
sought through oral interviews, administering of questionnaires and a meeting on 17 th
September, 2018 and the findings were comprehensively analyzed. The meeting was
successful with 31 participants taking part in the answering of questionnaires which have
been attached in this report. Participants included primary stakeholders (deacons, bishop,
pastor, Sunday school teacher, ushers, church members and security) and key informant
stakeholders and they include the engineer of the project, project planner, the media,
lawyer, business people, and civil servants. The various concerns and proposed mitigation
measures suggested by the public, neighbours and other stakeholders have been integrated
in the report. The exercise was conducted by a team of experienced & registered
environmental experts from Lakers Consultancy Limited. The objective of the consultation
and public participation was to: -
1. Disseminate and inform the stakeholders about the project with special reference to
its key components and location
2. Gather comments, suggestions and concerns of the interested and affected parties
3. Incorporate the information collected in the EIA Study Report
The Consultation and Public Participation (CPP) Process is a policy requirement by the
Government of Kenya and a mandatory procedure as stipulated by EMCA 1999 section 58,
on Environmental Impact Assessment for the purpose of achieving the fundamental
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principles of sustainable development. List of members of the public consulted has been
attached under the public participation annex.

5.2 Issues raised

This Sub-Section covers the views and opinions of the key stake holders (local church
leaders, members of the church and key informants such as engineer, project planner,
business people lawyer, media, interested persons or groups. It highlights both positive and
negative socio-economic and environmental impacts anticipated during the construction
and operational phases of the project. Inputs from Water Resource Users Association was
also captured. Through a meeting that was held with other members on 18/09/2018, the
chairlady informed the group that Jesus House of Praise needs to develop their plot. The
chairlady asked the developer that since the development is near the river, WRUA should do
riparian marking and give their report. She asked the members to give their ideas on how
the marking needs to be done. WRUA then provided their approval of the project and they
stated that they have no objections to the development of the project. The approvals were
done by the chairperson, secretary and treasurer. This is followed by suggested mitigation
measures that the developer should incorporate to minimize environmental degradation
and promote sustainable development.
5.3 Positive comments
Several positive impacts shall emanate from the proposed project as both directly and
directly as viewed by the public. They include: -
 The project shall lead to the creation of employment during both the construction
and operational phases both directly and indirectly. For example, Duncan Munene
of ID No 27547778 notes that he mainly supports the project because it will avail
many employment opportunities especially to the specialized groups such as youth
and women.
 The currently idle land (unoccupied) shall be used optimally through the
implementation of the project and that will increase value of land in the area.
Jackson Bassey ID No states that the project will add positive value to the
surrounding environment.
 The construction shall create demand for construction material and other
electronic installations. There are various business people such as Jane M. Elijah
who saw opportunities in this project because they will supply construction
materials and perform electronic installations.
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 Increased business opportunities due to the mixed-use nature of the building. There
are various businesses which will need space in the building and that will bring
diversity of business people in the building.
 Security will improve. The proponent will install security lighting and cameras on
the site. There sill also be employment of security personnel who will be tasked
with manning the project site to ensure that nothing wrong happens
5.4 Negative concerns
5.4.1 Noise and Dust emissions
Noise and Dust emissions will be generated at the project site during construction which if
unmitigated can interfere with neighbours comfort and health. Mr. Daniel Musyoka ID No
33444984 states that the project will cause a lot of noise to those who are nearby. The
project will also lead to dust emission because of the excavation activities.
5.4.2 Obstruction and traffic increase
Obstruction by construction transport vehicles during the construction phase and increased
number of vehicles coming to and from the project during the operational phase will lead to
increase in traffic along Meru-Nairobi highway. If entry and exit access routes to the
building are not planned well traffic flow along the highway shall be also be disrupted. Mr.
Daniel Musyoka also states that there will be huge traffic snurl-ups along the highway if
proper measures are not put in place.
5.4.3 Dilapidation of existing roads
Heavy trucks transporting excavated materials and raw materials to and from the project
site may lead to dilapidation of existing roads and also cause spillage of these materials on
roads hence interfering with smooth motoring.
5.4.4 Insecurity
The proposed project may cause an increase in insecurity during the construction phase due
to the increased number of transient workers and suppliers within and around the project
site. Jane Elijah, ID No. 23004983 states that the road is narrow and there would be
accidents around especially when children pass-by. That is the reason the proponent should
have security personnel who will ensure that access to the site is for the workers.

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5.4.5 Overstretching of infrastructure

It was feared by some that the conversion of idle land to a high-rise mixed-use commercial
building may lead to the overstretching of public utilities and infrastructure such as sewer
lines, water mains supply and roads
5.4.6 Storm water drainage
The sub-regional manager of water resources management authority in Meru, Mrs. Jackline
had two issues of concern which included the management of waste water disposal and
water abstraction for the construction project. She stated that she will wait for the full study
report and then give her views.
5.4.7 Clearing of existing vegetation
Several sections of the project site earmarked for construction of the proposed project is
currently occupied by mature trees and shrubs. The construction of the proposed
development will thus inevitably lead to loss of some of this vegetation. It is recommended
that all necessary permits be acquired before land clearing such that
some of the vegetation that does not fall on the building’s footprint will be spared and
incorporated into the projects landscaping plan.
5.4.8 Increased water and electricity demand
It is expected that both the workers and the construction works will create an increased
demand for water and electricity in addition to the existing demand.
5.5 Suggestions and recommendations
 Conduct a Traffic Assessment Survey so as to aid in appropriate planning of
traffic flow within and around the project site and the adjacent highway
 Consult all relevant service providers and relevant authorities (i.e. KURA, KPLC,
Meru County, MEWASS, NEMA amongst others) so as to harmonize the projects
infrastructural and socio-economic developments with existing facilities
 Ensure an elaborate landscaping program is put in place as the construction
phase is being concluded so as to replenish vegetation around the project site by
planting trees, flowers and lawns where applicable
 Increase security during construction and operational phases by ensuring
security guards are always posted within and around the project site and
strategic placement of security lights around the site
 Adhere to all relevant construction, occupational, health and safety regulations
and any other relevant law.

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 It was also suggested that renewable energy should be used where applicable

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6 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

6.1 No project alternative

The No Project option in respect to the proposed project implies that the status quo is
maintained. This option is the most suitable alternative from an extreme environmental
perspective as it ensures non-interference with the existing conditions.
This option will however, involve several losses both to the landowner and the community
as a whole. The landowner will continue to pay land rent on the plot while the property
remains underutilized. The No Project Option is the least preferred from the socio-economic
and partly environmental perspective due to the following factors:
 The economic status of the local people would remain unchanged.
 No employment opportunities will be created for Kenyans who will work in the
project area.
 Increased urban poverty and crime in Kenya.
 No development shall be provided to alleviate a critical shortage.
 Discouragement for investors
 Development of infrastructural facilities (roads, electrical etc.) will not be
undertaken.
From the analysis above, it becomes apparent that the No Project alternative is not an
alternative to the local people, county government, and the government of Kenya.
6.2 Relocation option
Relocation option to a different site is an option available for the project implementation.
However, at present the landowner/developer does not have an alternative site. This means
that he has to look for the land. Looking for the land to accommodate the scale and size of
the project and completing official transaction on it may take up to two (2) years although
there is no guarantee that the land would be available. The developer will spend more time
on design and approvals since design and planning has to be according to site conditions.
Project design and planning before the stage of implementation will cost the developer a
large sum of money. Whatever has been done and paid to date will be counted as a loss to
the developer.
The time wasted on these deliberations would cause delays that the proponent and our
economy can ill afford. This would also lead to a situation like No Project Alternative option.
The other consequence of this is that it would be a discouragement for private/local

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investors especially in the commercial development sector. In consideration of the above

concerns and assessment of the current proposed site, relocation of the project is not a
viable option.
6.3 Carrying on with the proposed development alternative
Under the proposed project alternative, the Proponents of the proposed project would be
issued with an EIA License. In issuing the license, NEMA would approve the Proponent’s
proposed development, provided all environmental measures are complied with during the
construction period and occupation phases. This alternative consists of the applicant’s final
proposal with the inclusion of the NEMA regulations and procedures as stipulated in the
environmental impacts to the maximum extent practicable. This is the most suitable option.
6.4 Analysis of alternative construction materials and technology
The buildings will be constructed using modern, locally and internationally accepted
materials to achieve public health, safety, security and environmental aesthetic
requirements. Equipment and materials that save energy and water will be given first
priority without compromising on cost or availability factors. The concrete pillars and walls
will be made using locally sourced stones, cement, sand, metal bars and fittings that meet
the Kenya Bureau of Standards requirements.
Beautiful and durable clay tiles will be used because they are good in heat insulation as
compared to the iron sheet roofs. This will ensure that the rainwater harvested will be used
in gardening and other purposes. Heavy use of timber during construction is discouraged
because of destruction of forests. The indigenous species would be preferred to foreign
species in the construction where need will arise.
6.5 Domestic waste water management alternatives
Three suitable technologies are discussed below:
6.5.1 Alternative one: Connection to the sewer system
Connection to an existing main sewer line will solve the waste water management issue at a
very minimal cost and in an environmental efficient manner. Currently this option is
available and considered the best option since the existing sewer line runs along the plot
boundary.
6.5.2 Alternative two: Construction of a treatment plant
This involves the construction of a treatment plant. A Net Work of Plant Effluent Drains,
Aeration Pits, Tanks etc., It is very expensive to construct and not suitable for the domestic
waste water to be generated from the building and in a town setup. Centralized treatment
plants can cause a nuisance of bad odour to tenants near the plant and are usually
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neglected after a few years leading to breakdowns and malfunctions which may also lead to
other environmental problems such as emission of raw effluent to the environment. This
option is thus not suitable.
6.5.3 Alternative three: Use of septic tanks
This involves the construction of underground concrete-made tanks to store the sludge with
soak pits. It is not expensive to construct however regular emptying in large
discharge points like the large-scale commercial building development is required. Given the
kind of liquid waste emanating from the proposed project this option is not preferred since
it will be uneconomical and inefficient.
6.5.4 Alternative three: Use of Bio-digester
Bio digester is an on-site sanitation unit that utilizes anaerobic technology for the disposal
of toilet (black) wastewater as well as of kitchen and bathroom (grey) water, in a closed
system. This is a sanitation technology, which treats wastewater in an environmentally
friendly manner, facilitating its use for irrigation or its return to water bodies without
polluting them. The process also generates organic fertilizer and biogas (a form of fuel) by
allowing naturally occurring bacteria to break down solid waste. From the analysis and
economic as well as environmental; considerations use of bio digester system is a viable
option for the proponent to adopt in order to supplement connection to the sewer system.
Te proponent intends to adopt bio-digester technology
6.6 Solid waste management alternatives
A lot of solid wastes will be generated from the proposed project. An integrated solid waste
management system is recommendable. First, the proponent will give priority to Reduction
at Source of the materials. This option will demand a solid waste management awareness
programme in the management and the residents.
Secondly, Recycling, Reuse and composting of the waste will be the second alternative in
priority. This will call for a source separation programme to be put in place. The waste will
be sold to waste buyers within the surrounding area or be collected by a private waste
management company. The third priority in the hierarchy of options is combustion of the
waste that is not recyclable. Finally, sanitary land filling will be the last option for the
Proponent.

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7 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

7.1 Introduction
This Section identifies and discusses both positive and negative impacts associated with the
proposed project. The potential impacts from the proposed project area are identified and
assessed based on the nature, magnitude and merits/or demerits of the various activities
associated with the project.
This chapter describes the anticipated positive and negative impacts of the proposed project
during construction, operation and decommissioning phases.
7.2 Negative impacts during construction phase
The following negative impacts are also associated with the construction of the proposed
project.
7.2.1 Loss of vegetation
Before the construction process begins clearing of some of the existing vegetation cover has
to occur, especially within the areas where the buildings and driveways are to be
constructed. The project designers have taken great care to ensure that the portions
earmarked for construction of the proposed project buildings avoid areas currently
occupied by mature trees/vegetation. However, construction activities will inevitably lead to
loss of vegetation in some areas hence leading to degradation of natural and aesthetic
environment.
7.2.2 Extraction and use of building materials
Building materials such as hard core, ballast, cement, rough stone and sand required for the
construction of the proposed project will be obtained from quarries, sand harvesters etc.
Since substantial quantities of these materials will be required for construction of the
proposed project, the availability and sustainability of such resources at the extraction sites
will be negatively affected-as they are not renewable in the short term. In addition, the sites
from which the materials will be extracted may be significantly affected in several ways
including landscape changes, displacement of animals and vegetation, poor visual quality
and opening of depressions on the surface leading to several human and animal health
impacts.
7.2.3 Noise pollution and vibration
Significant increases in noise and vibration levels may be expected during construction of
the proposed project. Such noise and vibrations may be generated from excavators,

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movement; loaders; concrete mixer trucks; concrete pumps; concrete vibrators; dump
trucks; hammering; vibrators; compactors, diesel generators (DGs); water pumps and even
construction workers.
The impact of noise and vibrations on the surrounding community depends upon:
 Characteristics of the noise and vibrations source (instantaneous,
intermittent, or continuous in nature);
 Time of day at which noise and vibrations occur; and
 Location of noise and vibrations source with respect to sensitive receptor.
Though the level of discomfort caused by noise and vibrations is subjective, the most
commonly reported impacts of increased noise levels are interference in oral
communication, hearing loss, anxiety and disturbance of sleep. Vibration impacts may
include the cracking of nearby existing structures such as foundations, walls and swimming
pools.
Noise and vibrations may also have an impact on the workers in the proposed project.
Nonetheless, all the noise and vibrations generating activities shall be undertaken during
day hours and appropriate measures shall be instituted to counter the said pollution.
7.2.4 Impact on air quality (generation of exhaust and dust emissions)
Potential impacts on the air quality during the construction stage will be due to the fugitive
dust and the exhaust gases generated in and around the construction site. The sources of air
emission can be grouped into three categories of point, area and line sources:
 A point source is a single source of emission with an identified location,
such as an industry;
 An area source is when the sources of emission are many widely distributed
points sources having relatively comparable significance; and
 A line source is when the sources of emission from a number of fixed or
moving facilities have relatively comparable significance, such as roads.
Fugitive dust (depending on the timing of construction) and vehicular emissions are the
major components of air pollution. The following construction related activities are
generally associated with these emissions:
 Site clearance, excavation and use of heavy vehicles and
machinery/equipment at construction site;
 Transportation of construction materials such as sand, cement, steel,
masonry stone to the construction site; and
 Operating of construction machinery and equipments
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During the period of maximum construction activity, the fuel consumption is expected to
rise significantly and the background concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM),
respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and both
carbon monoxide (CO) and lead (Pb) are also expected to rise.
These emissions if not appropriately mitigated can have significant respiratory and cardio-
pulmonary effects on the local population, the health effects may range from subtle
biochemical and physiological changes to difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing and
aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions. The impacts of such emissions
can be greater in areas where the materials are sourced and at the construction site as a
result of frequent gunning of vehicle engines, activities associated with site clearance,
excavations, spreading of the topsoil during construction, frequent and fast vehicle
movement in the loading and offloading areas. Because large quantities of building
materials are required, some of which are sourced outside far from the project site, such
emissions can be enormous and may affect a wider geographical area.
7.2.5 Disposal of solid waste
Construction activities create solid wastes that need to be disposed. Such wastes include:
Sand, Concrete, Gravel, Stones, Bricks, Plastics, Paper, Wood, Metals, Glass, and Cleared
biomass among others. These wastes if handled inappropriately may have a direct impact
on the local community. Disposal of the same solid wastes off-site could also be a social
inconvenience if done in wrong places. The off-site effects could be un-aesthetic view, pest
breeding, unhygienic conditions, choking of nearby drains and pollution of physical
environment. The severity of such impacts will depend upon the magnitude and type of
construction waste. All construction waste should be disposed in sites approved by the
Meru County by NEMA licensed firms.
7.2.6 Soil erosion and water logging
Soil erosion is likely to occur during construction at the site once exposed by excavation
works especially during rainy and windy seasons due to the slope gradient of the proposed
project plot. Considering the land clearing, excavation and other construction processes, soil
will be exposed to erosion agents leading to soil/land degradation hence impacting
negatively on the environment. Water logging of the proposed site may also occur in the
event of heavy rainfall after excavation.
7.2.7 Surface and ground water hydrology and water quality degradation
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Construction activities for the proposed development can have impacts on hydrology and
ground water quality of the area. Changes in surface hydrology can occur due to
landscaping; construction of impervious surfaces such as parking lots, roads and buildings
(buildings increase the volume and rate of runoff, resulting in habitat destruction, increased
pollutant loads, and flooding); blockage of existing drainages can also influence
groundwater hydrology (i.e. recharge rates, flow, conditions).

Potential sources of impacts on hydrology and ground water quality during the construction
phases are as follows:
 Soil run-off from the site leading to off-site contamination- particularly
during rainy season: The excavated area, if linear, could act as a conduit to
extend groundwater contamination to new areas.
 Improper disposal of construction debris leading to offsite contamination of
water resources or blocking of drainages leading to flooding.
 Spillage of oil and grease from the vehicles and wastewater stream
generated from on-site activities.
7.2.8 Increased water demand
During the construction phase, both the construction works and the construction workers
will create additional demand for water in addition to the existing local demand. Water will
mostly be used in the creation of concrete for construction works and for wetting surfaces
or cleaning completed structures. It will also be used by the construction workers for
washing and drinking.
7.2.9 Energy consumption
The proposed project will consume fossil fuels for construction machines (mainly Concrete
mixers, heavy and light trucks; concrete pumps; concrete vibrators; dump trucks;
compactors, diesel generators; water pumps) to run.
Fossil energy is non-renewable and its excessive use may have serious environmental
implications on its availability, price and sustainability. The proposed project will also use
electricity supplied by Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC) Ltd. Electricity in Kenya is
generated mainly through natural resources, namely, water and geothermal resources. In
this regard, there will be need to use electricity sparingly since high consumption of
electricity negatively impacts on these natural resources and their sustainability.

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7.2.10 Increased insecurity

The proposed project may cause an increase in insecurity during the construction phase due
to the increased number of transient workers and suppliers within and around the project
site. Construction sites are known to attract large numbers of semi-skilled and un-skilled
labour searching for job openings and may also use the opportunity to scout for potential
robbery or terror targets.
7.2.11 Increased traffic
Obstruction by construction transport vehicles and construction activities adjacent to the
nearby highway during the construction phase may lead to the increase in traffic along the
Meru-Nairobi. This may be exacerbated if these activities time/schedule coincide with Peak
Traffic hours.

7.2.12 Workers accidents and public safety

In any civil works, public as well as construction staff safety risks can arise from various
construction activities such as: -
 Deep excavations;
 Operation and movement of heavy equipment and vehicles;
 Injuries from falling objects; and
 Injuries from hand tools.
Because of the duration and complexity of the construction phase of the proposed project,
such activities need to be controlled and consequently the associated risks will be reduced.
Proper supervision, high workmanship performance, and provision of adequate safety
measures will suppress the likelihood of such impacts on the public and ensure enhanced
occupational safety.
7.3 Positive impacts during construction phase
A number of positive impacts are associated with the proposed project during construction
phase. These are as discussed below.
7.3.1 Employment opportunities
The construction of the proposed project is expected to provide direct and indirect
employment to a number of workers. However, the exact number cannot be predetermined
at this stage. These range from unskilled casual workers, semi-skilled and skilled employees.
7.3.2 Provision of market for supply of building materials
The proposed project will require supply of large quantities of building materials most of
which will be sourced locally in the surrounding areas. Producers and suppliers of materials
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such as: masonry stone, iron sheets, timber, paint, electrical cables, water storage
equipment, water pipes, steel, glass, sand, cement, fuel, will thus get a ready market for
their merchandise.
7.3.3 Improving growth of the economy
Through the use of locally available materials during the construction phase of the project
including cement, concrete and ceramic tiles, timber, sand, ballast electrical cables etc, the
project will contribute towards growth of the economy by contributing to the gross
domestic product. The consumption of these materials, fuel oil and others will attract taxes
including VAT which will be payable to the government hence increasing government
revenue while the cost of these raw materials will be payable directly to the producers.
7.4 Negative impacts during operation phase
The following negative impacts are associated with the proposed project during its
operation phase.
7.4.1 Increased traffic
It is expected that the number of vehicles around the project site shall increase hence
leading to the possibility of commensurate increase in traffic along Meru-Nairobi highway.
This shall be dependent on the location of the building’s car park entry/exit, traffic control
measures in place, number of tenants/visitors to the building, the nature of businesses
within the building amongst other factors.
7.4.2 Water use
During operation of the proposed project, a lot of water will be used. Water use is driven by
the number of uses and users within the buildings. Water will be sourced from the Meru
Water and Sewerage Company (MEWASS) mains supply line and several rain water storage
tanks.
7.4.3 Electricity consumption
During operation, the building will use a lot of electrical energy mainly for purposes which
include lighting, running of electrical gadgets including office equipment, air conditioning
equipment, refrigeration systems, air compressors, pumping water into reservoirs. Since
electricity generation involves utilization of natural resources, excessive electricity
consumption will strain the resources and negatively impact on their sustainability.
7.4.4 Increased storm water flow
The building roofs and pavements will lead to increased volume and velocity of storm water
around the project site. This will lead to increased amounts of storm water entering the
peripheral storm water drains.
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7.4.5 Solid waste generation

During the operation phase, solid waste generation is expected to occur from various
sources and activities carried out within the building. Solid waste impacts are expected to
be minor but there impact maybe significant in the absence of a proper waste management
plan i.e. improper disposal of waste may have adverse environmental effects.
7.4.6 Increased noise level
There will be increased noise pollution due to traffic from visitors who will be coming to the
commercial building.
7.5 Positive impacts during operation phase
Just as in the construction phase, there are positive impacts associated with the proposed
project during operation phase. These positive impacts are discussed below.
7.5.1 Employment opportunities
Employment opportunities are one of the long-term major impacts of the proposed project.
A number of people will be employed in various capacities in different professional and non-
professional areas at the building.
7.5.2 Increase in revenue to national and local governments
The commissioning of the proposed project will result in positive gains for numerous
authorities- Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA), KPLC, and Meru county through payment of
relevant taxes, rates and fees to the respective institutions.
7.5.3 Optimal use of land
Change in land use from idle land to land on which a modern commercial building blocks
stand will optimize land use.
7.6 Negative impacts during decommissioning phase
The negative impacts discussed below are associated with the proposed project during
decommissioning phase.
7.6.1 Noise and vibration
The demolition works will lead to significant deterioration of the acoustic environment
within the proposed Project site and the surrounding areas. This will be as a result of the
noise and vibrations that will be experienced during demolition.
7.6.2 Air quality
Dust will be generated during demolition works of the proposed project from the
demolition activities. This will mainly affect demolition workers. In addition, soil will be used

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in rehabilitation and re-instatement to pre-project status, this will add to the amount of
dust that will be generated during rehabilitation. However, it will be minimal.
Exhaust emission will also be experienced during decommissioning from the trucks that will
be transporting the demolished objects to the disposal sites and storage areas. Large
quantities of dust will be generated during demolition works. This will affect both
demolition staff as well as the neighbouring establishments.
7.6.3 Solid waste generation
Demolition of the proposed project will result in large quantities of solid waste. Although
demolition waste is generally considered as less harmful to the environment since they are
composed of inert materials, there is growing evidence that large quantities of such waste
may lead to release of certain hazardous chemicals into the environment. In addition, even
the generally non-toxic chemicals such as chloride, sodium, sulphate and ammonia which
may be released as a result of leaching of demolition waste, are known to lead to
degradation of groundwater quality.

7.6.4 Health and safety

Risk of accidents and ill health as a result of the demolition activities is likely to be
experienced. This could be as a result of accidents involving construction equipment.
7.7 Positive impacts during decommissioning phase
In the event that the building is to be relocated, found to be economically unviable or
condemned as structurally unstable. It can be abandoned and/or demolished. The following
are positive impacts associated with decommissioning of the proposed project.
7.7.1 Rehabilitation
Decommissioning will involve phasing out the envisaged operations of the building. This
may involve conversion of the facility to other uses or rehabilitation of the project site in
line with the projected plans. This may involve new landscaping schemes and demolition of
some structures within the facility.
7.7.2 Employment opportunities
For demolition to take place properly and in good time, several people will be involved. As a
result, large number of jobs will be created in various positions both in supervisory and non-
supervisory positions.

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8 IMPACTS MITIGATION AND MONITORING

8.1 Introduction
This Chapter highlights the necessary mitigation measures that will be adopted to prevent
or minimize significant negative environmental, health and safety impacts associated with
the activities the proposed project during its construction, operation and decommissioning
phases. Allocation of responsibilities, time frame and estimated costs for implementation of
these measures are presented in the Environmental Management Programme (EMP) in
Chapter 8.
8.2 Mitigation of construction phase impacts
8.2.1 Minimizing vegetation disturbance
To minimize effects and mitigate vegetation disturbance the proponent shall: -
 Ensure proper demarcation of the project area to be affected by the
construction works. This will be aimed at ensuring that any disturbance to
flora is restricted to the actual project area and avoid spillover effects on the
neighbouring areas.
 Ensure strict control of construction vehicles to ensure that they operate only
within the area to be disturbed by access routes and other works.

 Re-vegetate of some of the disturbed areas through implementation of a

well-designed landscaping programme.
8.2.2 Efficient sourcing and use of raw materials
The Proponent will source building materials such as sand, ballast and hard core from
registered quarry and sand mining firms, whose projects have undergone satisfactory
environmental impact assessment/audit and received NEMA approval. Since such firms are
expected to apply acceptable environmental performance standards, the negative impacts
of their activities at the extraction sites are considerably well mitigated.
To reduce the negative impacts on availability and sustainability of the materials, the
Proponent will only order for what will be required through accurate budgeting and
estimation of actual construction requirements. This will ensure that materials are not
extracted or purchased in excessive quantities. Moreover, the Proponent will ensure that
wastage, damage or loss (through run-off, wind, etc.) of materials at the construction site is

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kept minimal, as these would lead to additional demand for and extraction or purchase
materials.
In addition to the above measures, the Proponent shall consider reuse of building materials
and use of recycled building materials where applicable. This will lead to

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reduction in the amount of raw materials extracted from natural resources as well as
reducing impacts at the extraction sites.
8.2.3 Minimization of noise and vibration
The Contractor of the proposed project shall put in place several measures that will mitigate
noise and vibration pollution arising during the construction phase. The proponent shall
ensure that he complies with all relevant requirements in the Environmental Management
and Coordination (Noise and Excessive Vibration Pollution) (Control) Regulations, 2009 by: -
 Apply for a License from NEMA whereby maximum permissible noise levels
are to be exceeded
In this regard the following noise-suppression techniques will be employed to minimize the
impact of temporary construction noise at the project site.
 Prescribe noise reduction measures if appropriate e.g. restricted working
hours and transport hours and noise buffering;
 Install portable barriers to shield compressors and other small stationary
equipment where necessary and locate stationary noise sources as far from
existing sensitive receptors as possible;
 Use quiet equipment (i.e. equipment designed with noise control elements
such as mufflers);
 Co-ordinate with relevant agencies regarding all construction activities in
the project site;
 Limit trucks and other small equipment to minimize idling time and observe
a common-sense approach to vehicle use such as shutting up idle engines
whenever possible; and
 Ensure use of well serviced and maintained vehicles and equipment.
8.2.4 Minimization of dust generation and emission
Controlling dust during construction is useful in minimizing nuisance conditions and
consequently health (respiratory and eye) complications. It is recommended that a standard
set of feasible dust control measures be implemented for all construction activities.
Emissions of other contaminants (Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Sulphur oxides, and
diesel related Particulate Matter PM10) that would occur in the exhaust from heavy
equipment are also included.
The Proponent shall be committed to implementing measures that shall reduce air quality
impacts associated with construction. Dust emissions will be controlled by the following
measures: -
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 Provide 2.4-metre-high hoarding along site boundary

 Provide effective dust screen, sheeting or netting where a scaffolding is
erected around the perimeter of a building under construction, from the
ground floor level of the building, or if a canopy is provided at the first-floor
level, from the first-floor level, up to the highest level of the scaffolding;
 Any skip hoist for material transport shall be totally enclosed by impervious
sheeting;
 Water all active construction areas when necessary;
 Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials or require all
trucks to maintain at least two feet of freeboard;
 Pave, apply water when necessary, or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers on all
unpaved access roads, parking areas and staging areas at construction site;
 Down wash of trucks (especially tyres) prior to departure from site;
 Use of electrically operated construction machinery to avoid externalities
produced by diesel engines. This procedural change may reduce problems
related to emission, idling and maintenance; and
 Rapid on-site construction so as to reduce duration of traffic interference
and therefore reducing emissions from traffic delays.
All personnel working on the proposed project will be trained prior to starting construction
on methods for minimizing air quality impacts during construction. Specific training will be
focused on minimizing dust and exhaust gas emissions from heavy construction vehicles.
Minimization of exhaust emissions will be achieved through proper planning of
transportation of materials to ensure that vehicle fills are increased in order to reduce the
number of trips done or the number of vehicles on the road. In addition, truck drivers will be
sensitized to avoid unnecessary racing of vehicle engines at loading/offloading areas, and to
switch off or keep vehicle engines at these points.
The following measures shall be implemented during construction: -
 The engine size of the construction equipment shall be the minimum
practical size;
 The number of construction equipment operating simultaneously shall be
minimized through efficient management practices;
 To ensure that the smallest practical number is operating at any one time;
 Construction equipment shall be maintained in tune per the manufacture’s
specifications;
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 Idling of heavy-duty diesel trucks during loading and unloading shall be

minimized; and
 Alternatively, fuelled construction equipment shall be used where feasible.
8.2.5 Minimization of construction waste
It is recommended that construction waste be recycled or reused to ensure that materials
that would otherwise be disposed of as waste are diverted for productive uses. In this
regard, the Proponent shall be committed to ensuring that construction materials left over
at the end of construction will be used in other projects rather than being disposed of.
In addition, damaged or wasted construction materials including cabinets, doors, plumbing
and lighting fixtures, marbles, ceramic tiles and glass will be recovered for refurbishing and
use in other projects. Such measures will involve the sale or donation of such
recyclable/reusable materials to construction companies, local community groups,
institutions and individual residents or homeowners.
The Proponent shall put in place measures to ensure that construction materials
requirements are carefully budgeted and to ensure that the amount of construction
materials left on site after construction is kept minimal.
It is further recommended that the Proponent should consider the use of recycled or
refurbished construction materials. Purchasing and using once-used or recovered
construction materials will lead to financial savings and reduction of the amount of
construction debris disposed of as waste.
Additional recommendations for minimization of solid waste during construction of the
proposed project include: -
 Use of durable, long- lasting materials that will not need to be replaced as
often, thereby reducing the amount of construction waste generated over
time;
 Provision of facilities for proper handling and storage of construction
materials to reduce the amount of waste caused by damage or exposure to
the elements;
 Use of building materials that have minimal packaging to avoid the
generation of excessive packaging waste; and

 Use of construction materials containing recycled content when possible

and in accordance with accepted standards.
8.2.6 Minimization of insecurity
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The Proponent shall be committed to implementing measures that shall reduce security
threats by the following measures: -
 The proposed project plot has shall be accessed through a designated
entry/exit point during the transportation of all raw materials in and out
the construction phase of the project.
 Security shall be enhanced by ensuring security guards are always posted
within and around the project site and strategic placement of security lights
around the site.
 A roster of all construction workers shall be kept while measures shall be
put in place to ensure that loitering by itinerant workers is discouraged.
 Unattended public access to the construction site shall be restricted and
only one entry/exit point shall be used.
8.2.7 Controlling soil erosion, water logging
The Proponent will put in place some measures aimed at minimizing soil erosion and
associated water logging from the proposed project site during construction. These
measures will include: -
 Terracing, levelling and ripping off compacted areas of the project site to
reduce run-off velocity and increase infiltration of storm water into the soil
 Digging trenches and cut off drains to channel runoff into drainages
 Proper planning of site excavation works such that a section is completed
and rehabilitated before another section begins
 Ensuring that construction vehicles are restricted to existing graded roads
to avoid soil compaction within the project site
 Surface runoff and roof water shall be harvested and stored in underground
reservoir for reuse
 A storm water management plan that minimizes impervious area
infiltration by use of recharge areas and use of detention and/or retention
with graduated outlet control structures will be designed.
8.2.8 Minimization of surface and groundwater contamination
Several measures shall be put in place to mitigate the impacts that are likely to lead to
surface and groundwater quality degradation. The Proponent will prepare a hazardous
substance control systems and emergency response plans that will include preparations for
quick and safe cleanup of accidental spills. It will prescribe hazardous-materials handling
procedures to reduce the potential for a spill during construction, and will include an
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emergency response programme to ensure quick and safe cleanup of accidental spills. The
plan will identify areas where refueling and vehicle maintenance activities and storage of
hazardous materials, if any, will be permitted.
8.2.9 Minimization of water use
A combination of water saving appliances and water management measures will be planned
in the proposed project. Rain water harvesting can serve as a solution to the water problem
by capturing the run off. Rainwater harvesting will help in utilizing the primary source of
water and prevent the runoff from going into sewer or storm drains.
8.2.10 Minimization of energy consumption
The Proponent shall ensure responsible electricity use at the construction site through
sensitization of staff to conserve electricity by switching off electrical equipment or
appliances when they are not being used. In addition, proper planning of transportation of
materials will ensure that fossil fuels (diesel, petrol) are not consumed in excessive amounts.
Complementary to these measures, the Proponent shall monitor energy use during
construction and set targets for reduction of energy use.
8.2.11 Minimization of construction related traffic
The following measures shall be put in place so as to manage traffic along surrounding roads
during construction: -
 Ensure that the Entry/Exit to the project site is located where it will cause
minimal traffic along Meru-Nairobi Highway
 Ensure all construction vehicles to and from the construction site use the
designated Entry/Exit to the project site
 All transportation of construction raw materials and excavated materials
are to be conducted at traffic off peak hours only
 Sensitize truck drivers to avoid unnecessary road obstruction
 Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials to avoid spillage
and dust emissions that may interfere with smooth motoring
 Work hours shall be restricted to the period between 8:30 a.m. and 3:30
p.m., Monday through Friday, unless approved otherwise. When night work
is required, work hours shall be 9 p.m. to 5 a.m.

 Access to driveways will be maintained at all times unless other

arrangements are made
8.2.12 Minimization of risks of accidents and injuries to workers
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To reduce the construction workers accidents and hazards during the construction phase of
the proposed project, the Proponent shall be committed to adherence to the occupational
safety and health administration rules and regulations stipulated in Occupational, Safety and
Health Act, 2007. In this regard, the Proponent shall be committed to provision of
appropriate personal protective equipment, as well as ensuring a safe and healthy
environment for construction workers as outlined in the EMP.
8.3 Mitigation of operation phase impacts
8.3.1 Traffic management
The following measures shall be put in place so as to manage traffic along the highway
during operational phase of the project: -
 "NO PARKING" signs will be posted around the building where Parking is
prohibited and likely to cause obstruction as well as other necessary traffic
signs
 Traffic management/parking personnel shall be provided to monitor
parking and ensure smooth motoring along the building’s adjacent roads
 Access to driveways will be maintained at all times
 Any work that disturbs normal traffic signal operations shall be coordinated
with the relevant authorities
8.3.2 Ensure efficient water use
The Proponent should install water-conserving automatic taps and toilets. Moreover, any
water leaks through damaged pipes and faulty taps will be fixed promptly by qualified staff.
In addition, the occupants will be sensitized to use water efficiently. The following water
saving investments should be taken into consideration: -
 Reduce water delivery in taps, through the installation of low flow devices
or aerators on taps
 Press action taps and flush valves shall be used to minimize water wastage
Sensors on urinals, which ensure flushes, occur only when required in
public areas of the proposed project; and
 Install water efficient plumbing.

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8.3.3 Ensure efficient energy consumption

The Proponent plans to install an energy-efficient lighting system at the building as well as
solar power equipment. This will contribute immensely to energy saving during the
operational phase of the proposed project. In addition, all staff members will be sensitized
to ensure energy efficiency in their operations. To complement these measures, it will be
important to monitor energy use during the operation and set targets for efficient energy
use. The following energy saving techniques can be applied: -
 Staff shall be sensitized to switch off machinery, equipment and lights when
not being used
 Install energy saving bulbs and fluorescent lights
 Use of variable-speed motors to optimize the basement car park ventilation
system performance
 Install alternative energy such as solar power and/or consider use of a
highly efficient, inverter-type split-cycle system for heating and cooling,
which also uses a more environmentally friendly refrigerant
8.3.4 Ensuring efficient solid waste management
During the operation phase of the proposed project, waste will be generated. All these
wastes should be handled according to the Environmental Management and Coordination
(Waste Management) Regulations, 2006.
The Proponent of the proposed project will be responsible for efficient management of solid
waste generated by the proposed project during its operation. In this regard, the Proponent
will provide waste handling facilities such as waste bins and skips for temporarily holding of
waste generated at the site. In addition, the Proponent will ensure that such wastes are
disposed of regularly and appropriately.
Since the proposed project will be generating a substantial amount of waste, an integrated
solid waste management system is recommended. First, the Proponent will give priority to
reduction at source of the materials. This option will demand a solid waste management
awareness programme in the management and the employed staff.
Secondly, recycling, reuse and composting of the waste will be the second alternative in
priority. This will call for a source separation programme to be put in place. The third
priority in the hierarchy of options is combustion of the waste that is not recyclable in order
to produce energy. Finally, sanitary land filling will be the last option for the Proponent to
consider. In order to achieve the above three recommendations, the following will be done.

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Public awareness
 Sign boards and information notices informing the public to dispose waste
appropriately shall be posted within the premises.
Waste segregation
 Segregation or sorting of waste at its source should be practiced in order to
encourage reuse/recycling and to maximize the negative effects of the
waste and increase its economic value. With segregation at source
recyclables do not lose their commercial value due to cross contamination;
and
 On all floors dedicated bins will be placed to collect biodegradable and
non-biodegradable wastes.
Collection bins
 Daily collection of wastes shall take place from all the bins;
 Daily sweeping and collection of waste from common areas such as lobbies,
staircases, entrances shall be done daily by management appointed
cleaners; and
 Wastes shall be collected daily from all bins to a transfer station awaiting
final collection. Separate collection for bio-degradable and non-
biodegradable wastes will be ensured.
Waste treatment and disposal
 Solid waste generated by the proposed project would be collected and
disposed of by a licensed private firm.
8.4 Mitigation of decommissioning phase impacts
8.4.1 Efficient solid waste management
Solid waste resulting from demolition or dismantling works will be managed as
described in Section 7.2.4.
8.4.2 Reduction of dust concentration
High levels of dust concentration resulting from demolition or dismantling works will be
minimized as described in Section 7.2.3.
8.4.3 Minimization of noise and vibration
Significant impacts on the acoustic environment will be mitigated as described in Section
7.2.2.

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8.4.4 Health and safety

Risk of accidents and ill health as a result of demolition activities, shall be mitigated by
ensuring that appropriate health and safety measures are applied in all activities; fence all
unsafe and dangerous areas; and continue to monitor environmental health (air quality,
water quality, vegetation, noise) at all main receptor points around the site until site
handover.

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9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 Introduction
The proposed project Proponent realizes that its development and operational activities will
have some impacts on the biophysical environment, health and safety of its staff, clients and
members of the public, and socio-economic wellbeing of the local community.
An environmental management plan has been developed to assist the Proponent in
mitigating and managing environmental impacts associated with the life cycle of the project.
The EMP has been developed to provide a basis for an Environmental Management System
(EMS; ISO 14001 principles) for the project. It is noteworthy that key factors and processes
may change through the life of the project and considerable provisions have been made for
dynamism and flexibility of the EMP. As such, the EMP will be subject to a regular regime of
periodic review.
Tables 6, 7 and 8 form the core of this EMP for the construction, operational and
decommissioning phases of the project. In general, the Tables outline the potential safety,
health and environmental risks associated with the project and detail all the necessary
mitigation measures, their financial costs, as well as the persons responsible for their
implementation and monitoring. The EMP will be used as checklist in future environmental
audits.
9.1.1 Construction Phase EMP
The necessary objectives, activities, mitigation measures, and allocation of costs and
responsibilities pertaining to prevention, minimization and monitoring of significant
negative impacts and maximization of positive impacts associated with the construction
phase of the project are outlined in Table 6 below.

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Table 6: Environmental management plan for the construction phase of the proposed project

Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
1. Minimize extraction site impacts and ensure efficient use of raw materials in construction
1. Source building materials from local suppliers who use Project Manager & Throughout
environmentally friendly processes in their operations. Contractor construction period
2. Ensure accurate budgeting and estimation of actual construction Project Manager & Throughout
material requirements to ensure that the least amount of material
High demand of raw necessary is ordered. Contractor construction period
material
3. Ensure that damage or loss of materials at the construction site is Project Manager & Throughout
kept minimal through proper storage. Contractor construction period 200,000
4. Use at least 5%-10% recycled, refurbished or salvaged materials Project Manager & Throughout
to reduce the use of raw materials and divert material from landfills Contractor construction period 0
2. Minimize vegetation disturbance at and or around construction site
1. Ensure proper demarcation and delineation of the project area to
3 Days 20,000
be affected by construction works. Contractor, Civil
2. Specify locations for trailers, cranes & equipment, & areas of the engineer & Project
10 Days 20,000
site which should be kept free of traffic, equipment, and storage. Manager
Vegetation disturbance 3. Designate access routes and parking within the site. 5 Days -
4. Introduction of vegetation (trees, shrubs and grass) on open Architect & Monthly to 20,000
spaces and around the project site and their maintenance. Landscape specialist Annually
5. Design and implement an appropriate landscaping programme to Architect &
help in re-vegetation of part of the project area after construction. Landscape specialist 2 months 150,000
3. Avoid encroaching on road reserves
1. Comply with the Public Roads and Roads of Access Act (Cap. 399) Project proponent, During planning
by ensuring no development is within the 30-meter Meru-Nairobi
Road architect & and throughout
Reserve running along the plot boundary Contractor construction period

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
4. Reduce storm-water, runoff and soil erosion
1. Surface runoff and roof water shall be harvested and stored in
2 months
underground reservoir tanks for reuse.
2. A storm water management plan that minimizes impervious area The Civil Engineer,
infiltration by use of recharge areas and use of detention and/or Mechanical Engineer 1 month
retention with graduated outlet control structure will be designed. and Project Manager
3. Apply soil erosion control measures such as leveling of the project 10,000 per unit
site to reduce run-off velocity and increase infiltration of storm 1 months
water into the soil.
4. Ensure that construction vehicles are restricted to existing graded The Civil Engineer, Throughout
Increased storm water, roads to avoid soil compaction within the project site. Mechanical Engineer construction period
runoff and soil erosion
5. Ensure that any compacted areas are ripped to reduce run-off. and Project Manager 2 months
6. Site excavation works to be planned such that a section is Throughout
completed and rehabilitated before another section begins. Project Manager construction period 5,000 per unit
Throughout
7. Open drains all interconnected will be provided on site. Civil Engineer
construction period
8. Roof catchments will be used to collect the storm water for some Throughout
other uses. Civil Engineer construction period 5,000 per unit
9. Construction of water storage tanks to collect storm water for Civil Engineer Throughout
construction use. construction period
5. Minimize deep trenching and excavation hazards
1. A barricade at least 900mm high must be erected around a trench
Throughout
that is 1 meter or deeper unless it is not possible only workers The Civil Engineer
Persons falling involved in the trench will be in the area; or another form of barrier and Project Manager excavation works
period
exists (such as excavated materials near the trench).

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
1. Excavated material should not be placed less than 600mm from Throughout
The Civil Engineer
the edge of a trench to minimize risk of collapse due to the weight excavation works
Trench collapse or cave- of the spoil. and Project Manager period
in 2. An excavation where a possibility of collapse or cave-in exists Throughout
The Civil Engineer
should be shored, shielded, benched or battered to prevent the excavation works
collapse or cave-in. and Project Manager period
Ladders must be provided no more than 9 meters apart in the area The Civil Engineer Throughout
Safe access and exit 20,000
where work will be carried out and Project Manager excavation works
6. Minimize solid waste generation and ensure efficient solid waste management during construction
1. Use of an integrated solid waste management system i.e. through Project Manager & Throughout
a hierarchy of options including: Source reduction, Recycling, Reuse, Contractor construction period 300,000
Combustion and Sanitary land filling.
2. Through accurate estimation of the sizes and quantities of Project Manager &
materials required, order materials in the sizes and quantities they Contractor One-off 0
will be needed
3. Ensure that construction materials left over at the end of Project Manager &
Increased solid waste construction will be used in other projects rather than being Contractor One-off 0
generation disposed of.
4. Ensure that damaged or wasted construction materials will be Project Manager &
One-off -
recovered for refurbishing and use in other projects. Contractor
5. Donate recyclable/reusable or residual materials to other users Project Manager &
One-off 0
where applicable Contractor

6. Use of durable, long-lasting materials that will not need to be Project Manager & Throughout
replaced as often, thereby reducing the amount of construction Contractor construction period -
waste generated over time

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
7.Provide facilities for proper handling and storage of construction Project Manager &
materials to reduce the amount of waste caused by damage or Contractor One-off 30,000
exposure to the elements
8. Use building materials that have minimal or no packaging to avoid Project Manager & Throughout
packaging waste Contractor construction period 0

9. Use construction materials containing recycled content when Project Manager & Throughout
possible and in accordance with accepted standards. Contractor construction period 0
10. Reuse packaging materials such as cartons, cement bags, empty Project Manager & Throughout
metal and plastic containers to reduce waste at the site Contractor construction period 0
11. Dispose waste more responsibly by dumping at designated Project Manager & Throughout
dumping sites or landfills only. Contractor construction period 50,000/month
Project Manager & Throughout
12. Waste collection bins to be provided at designated points on site Contractor construction period 4,000 per
13. Private waste disposal company to be contracted to transport Project Manager & Throughout truckload
and dispose the solid waste from site Contractor construction period
7. Reduce dust emissions
Project Manager & Throughout
1. Provide 2.4 m high hoarding along site boundary Contractor construction period 15,000
Throughout
2. Provide effective dust screen, sheeting or netting where a Project Manager &
construction of
scaffolding is erected around the perimeter of a building Contractor
Dust emission building envelope
Project Manager & Throughout
3. Water all active construction areas when necessary; Contractor construction period 3,000
Project Manager & Throughout
4. Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials Contractor construction period 0

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
5. Pave, apply water when necessary, or apply (non-toxic) soil Project Manager & Throughout
stabilizers on all unpaved access roads, parking areas and staging Contractor construction period 20,000
areas at construction site
6. Sweep daily (with water sweepers) all paved access roads, Project Manager & Throughout
parking areas and staging areas at construction sites; Contractor construction period
7. Down wash of trucks (especially tyres) prior to departure from Project Manager & Throughout
site; Contractor construction period -
8. Post signs that limit vehicle speeds onto unpaved roads and over Project Manager &
One off 5,000
disturbed soils; Contractor
9. Use of electrically operated construction machinery to avoid Project Manager & Throughout
externalities produced by diesel engines Contractor construction period
Project Manager & Throughout
10. Personal Protective equipment to be worn by all staff members Contractor construction period 100,000
8. Minimization of exhaust emissions
1. Vehicle idling time shall be minimized
Project Manager & Throughout
2. Alternatively, fueled construction equipment shall be used where Contractor construction period 0
feasible equipment shall be properly tuned and maintained
Exhaust emission
3. Sensitize truck drivers to avoid unnecessary racing of vehicle Project Manager & Throughout
engines at loading/offloading points and parking areas, and to Contractor construction period 0
switch off or keep vehicle engines at these points
9. Minimization of noise and vibration
1. Sensitize construction vehicle drivers and machinery operators to Project Manager & Throughout
switch off engines of vehicles or machinery not being used. Contractor construction period 1,000
Noise and vibration
2. Use quiet equipment (i.e. equipment designed with noise control Project Manager & Throughout
elements such as mufflers); Contractor construction period -

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
3. Install portable barriers to shield compressors and other small Project Manager & Throughout
stationary equipment where necessary and locate stationary noise Contractor construction period -
sources as far from existing sensitive receptors as possible;
4. Sensitize construction drivers to avoid gunning of vehicle engines Project Manager & Throughout
or hooting especially when passing through sensitive areas such as Contractor construction period 1,000
churches, residential areas and schools
5. Ensure that construction machinery is kept in good condition to Project Manager & Throughout
reduce noise generation Contractor construction period 25,000
6. Ensure that all generators and heavy-duty equipment are Project Manager & Throughout
insulated or placed in enclosures to minimize ambient noise levels. Contractor construction period 15,000
7. Trees to be planted around the site to provide some buffer Project Manager & Throughout
against noise propagation site foreman construction period 4,000
8. Prescribe noise reduction measures if appropriate e.g. restricted Project Manager & Throughout
working hours and transport hours and noise buffering; site foreman construction period 0
10. Minimization of energy consumption
1.Ensure electrical equipment, machinery and lights are switched Project Manager & Throughout
off when not being used Contractor construction period 0
2. Install energy saving fluorescent tubes at all lighting points Project Manager & Throughout
Increased energy instead of bulbs which consume higher electric energy Contractor construction period 5,000
consumption 3. Ensure planning of transportation of materials to ensure that Project Manager & Throughout
fossil fuels (diesel, petrol) are not consumed in excessive amounts Contractor construction period 10,000
4. Monitor energy use during construction and set targets for Project Manager & Throughout
reduction of energy use Contractor construction period 5,000
11. Minimize water consumption and ensure more efficient and safe water use
Mechanical Engineer
High water demand 1. Connect to the existing MEWASS main supply and Project Manager One-off 50,000

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
Mechanical Engineer Throughout
2. Harness rainwater for construction activities usage
and Project Manager construction period
10-40 % higher
3. Install water conserving taps that turn-off automatically when Project Manager &
One-off than price of
water is not being used Contractor
ordinary taps
Project Manager & Throughout
4. Promote recycling and reuse of water as much as possible Contractor construction period 2,000
5. Install a discharge meter at all water outlets to determine and Project Manager &
One-off 2,000 per unit
monitor total water usage Contractor
6. Promptly detect and repair of water pipe and tank leaks Project Manager & Throughout 1,000 per month
7. Ensure taps are not running when not in use Contractor construction period 1,000
12. Minimize release of liquid effluent
1. Provide means for handling sewage generated by construction Mechanical Engineer One-off 40,000 per
Generation of workers, e.g. mobile toilets & Project Manager month
wastewater Mechanical Engineer Throughout
2. Conduct regular checks for sewage pipe blockages or damages & Project Manager construction period 2,000/month
13. Ensure the general safety and security of the construction site and surrounding
Ensure the general safety and security at all times by providing day Project Manager &
Safety and security and night security guards and adequate lighting within and around Continuous 50,000/month
Contractor
the construction sites.
14.Mininize hydrology and water quality degradation
The Mechanical
Surface and 1. Hazardous substance control and emergency response plan that Engineer, Project
groundwater will include preparations for quick and safe clean up of accidental Manager, Contractor Continuous 30,000
contamination spills.
& the Developer

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60

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
2. Hazardous-materials handling procedures to reduce the potential The Mechanical
Continuous 2,000
for a spill during construction to be prescribed Engineer
3. Identify areas where refueling and vehicle maintenance activities The Mechanical
Continuous -
and storage of hazardous materials, if any, will be permitted Engineer
4. Ground water, will be collected during construction contained The Mechanical
Continuous
and disposed of in accordance with all applicable regulations Engineer
15. Increased pressure on infrastructure
1. Coordinate relevant service providers and authorities (i.e. KPLC, Architect, Project
Meru county, MEWASS, NEMA amongst others) so as to harmonize
the Manager, Contact or Continuous 200,000
projects infrastructural and socio-economic developments with
Dilapidation of existingexisting facilities and the Developer
infrastructure
2. Upgrade existing infrastructure and services, if and where Architect, Project
Manager, Contactor Continuous 300,000
feasible.
and the Developer
16. Minimize traffic around the project site and adjacent roads
1. Ensure all construction vehicles to and from the construction site Project Manager and Throughout
-
use the designated Entry/Exit to the project site Site Foreman construction period
2. All transportation of construction raw materials and excavated Project Manager and Throughout
-
materials are to be conducted at traffic off peak hours only Contactor construction period
Increased traffic, Project Manager,
obstruction Throughout
3. Sensitize truck drivers to avoid unnecessary road obstruction Contactor & site construction period -
foreman
4. Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials to Project Manager,
Throughout
avoid spillage and dust emissions that may interfere with smooth Contactor & site construction period -
motoring foreman

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
5. Work hours shall be restricted to the period between 8:30 a.m.Project Manager, Throughout
Contactor & site
and 3:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, unless approved otherwise. foreman construction period
6. Access to driveways will be maintained at all times unless other Project Manager, Throughout
Contactor & site
arrangements are made construction period
foreman
17. Minimize occupational health and safety risks
Approval of building Ensure that all building plans are approved by the Local Authority Developer One-off 50,000
plans and the Local Occupational Health and Safety Office
Registration of the Registration of the project under the Occupational Safety and Developer One-off 5,000
premises Health Act,2007 Laws of Kenya is mandatory
A general register should be kept within the facility as stipulated in Project Manager &
General register One-off 1,000
Occupational Safety and Health Act,2007. Contractor
1. Ensure that provisions for reporting incidents, accidents and Project Manager,
dangerous occurrences during construction using prescribed forms Developer & Continuous 500/month
obtainable from the local Occupational Health and Safety Office
Incidents, accidents and (OHSO) are in place. Contractor
dangerous occurrences.
2. Enforcing adherence to safety procedures and preparing The Contractor,
contingency plan for accident response in addition safety education Project Manager& Continuous 20,000
and training shall be emphasized. Site Safety Officer
Insurance Ensure that the premises are insured as per statutory requirements Developer Annually -
(third party and workman’s compensation)
The Contractor,
Site organization Develop a clear site organization plan and construction schedule Project Manager& Continuous 5,000
Site Safety Officer

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
The Contractor,
Deliver and store materials at appropriate locations Project Manager & Continuous 10,000
Site Safety Officer
The Contractor,
Hire the right number of workers with clear work schedule and Project Manager & Continuous 2,000
appropriate dress gear
Site Safety Officer
Safety, health and Develop, document and display prominently an appropriate SHE Project Manager,
environment (SHE) Developer & One-off 1,000
policy for construction works
policy Contractor
Provisions must be put in place for the formation of a Health and
Health and safety
Safety Committee, in which the employer and the workers are Project Manager One-off 10,000
committee
represented
1. Suitable, efficient, clean, well-lit and adequate sanitary Project Manager One-off 20,000
conveniences should be provided for construction workers
Sanitary conveniences
2. Mobile toilets, changed regularly, to be provided on site or Project Manager Throughout 10,000-30,000
latrines construction period per unit
Arrangements must be in place for the medical examination of all Project Manager,
1,000 per
Medical examination construction workers before, during and after termination of Developer & Continuous
examination
employment Contractor
1. Ensure that machinery, equipment, personal protective Project Manager,
equipment, appliances and hand tools used in construction do Developer & One-off 0
Machinery/equipment comply with the prescribed safety and health standards and be Contractor
appropriately installed maintained and safeguarded
safety
Project Manager,
2. Ensure that equipment and work tasks are adapted to fit workers Developer & Continuous 0
and their ability including protection against mental strain
Contractor

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
3. All machines and other moving parts of equipment must be Project Manager One-off 0
enclosed or guarded to protect all workers from injury
4. Arrangements must be in place to train and supervise
5,000 per
inexperienced workers regarding construction machinery use and Project Manager Continuous
training
other procedures/operations
5. Equipment such as fire extinguishers must be examined by an
5,000 per
authorized agency. The equipment may only be used if a certificate Project Manager Continuous
examination
of examination has been issued
6. Reports of such examinations must be presented in prescribed Project Manager Continuous 5,000 per
forms, signed by the examiner and attached to the general register examination
1. Ensure that materials are stored or stacked in such manner as to Project Manager Continuous 15,000
ensure their stability and prevent any fall or collapse
Storage of materials
2. Ensure that items are not stored/stacked against weak walls and Project Manager Continuous 0
partitions
1. All floors, steps, stairs and passages of must be of sound Project Manager &
Continuous -
construction and properly maintained Contractor
Project Manager &
2. Securely fence or cover all openings in floors One-off -
Contractor
3. Provide all staircases within the building with suitable handrails Project Manager &
One-off -
Safe means of access on both sides Contractor
and safe place of 4. Ensure that construction workers are not locked up such that Project Manager &
Continuous -
employment they would not escape in case of an emergency Contractor
5. All ladders used in construction works must be of good Project Manager &
construction and sound material of adequate strength and be Contractor One-off 0
properly maintained
6. All of scaffolds and work platforms shall be erected, altered and Project Manager & Throughout
dismantled by competent persons Contractor construction period -

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
7. All uprights must be provided with base plates (and, where
Project Manager & Throughout
necessary, timber sole plates) or prevented in some other way from Contractor construction period -
slipping or sinking
8. All scaffolds must be secured to the building in enough places to Project Manager & Throughout
prevent collapse Contractor construction period -
9. Guard rails or equivalent protection to be in place to stop falls
Project Manager & Throughout
from open edges on scaffolds, mobile elevating work platforms, Contractor construction period -
buildings, gangways, excavations, etc.
10. Enough barriers must be erected at rooftop edges to protect Project Manager & Throughout
workers or materials falling from roofs Contractor construction period
1. Design suitable documented emergency preparedness and Project Manager &
One-off 2,000
evacuation procedures to be used during any emergency Contractor
Project Manager &
2. Such procedures must be tested at regular intervals Every 3 months 2,000
Contractor
Emergency preparedness 3. Ensure that adequate provisions are in place to immediately stop Project Manager &
any operations where there in an imminent and serious danger to One-off 10,000
and evacuation Contractor
health and safety and to evacuate workers
procedures
4. Ensure that the most current emergency telephone numbers Project Manager &
posters are prominently and strategically displayed within the Contractor One-off 1,000
construction site
5. Provide measures to deal with emergencies and accidents Project Manager &
Continuous 5,000
including adequate first aid arrangements Contractor
1. Well stocked first aid box which is easily available and accessible Project Manager &
One-off 5,000
should be provided within the construction site Contractor
First Aid
2. Provision must be made for persons to be trained in first aid, with Project Manager &
One-off 10,000
a certificate issued by a recognized body. Contractor

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
1. Firefighting equipment such as fire extinguishers should be Project Manager &
provided at strategic locations such as stores and construction Contractor One-off 30,000
areas.
2. Regular inspection and servicing of the equipment must be Project Manager &
Fire protection undertaken by a reputable service provider and records of such Contractor Every 3 months 5,000
inspections maintained
3. Signs such as “NO SMOKING” must be prominently displayed Project Manager &
within the construction site, especially in parts where inflammable Contractor One-off 2,000
materials are stored
Enough space must be provided within the premises to allow for Project Manager &
Ventilation One-off 0
adequate natural ventilation through circulation of fresh air Contractor
There must be adequate provision for artificial or natural lighting in Project Manager &
Lighting One-off 0
all parts the super structure in which persons are working or passing Contractor
Project Manager &
1. Circuits must not be overloaded Continuous 0
Contractor
2. Distribution board switches must be clearly marked to indicate Project Manager &
One-off 0
respective circuits and pumps Contractor
Project Manager &
Electrical Safety 3. There should be no live exposed connections Continuous 0
Contractor
4. Electrical fittings near all potential sources of ignition should be Project Manager &
One-off 0
flame proof Contractor
Project Manager &
5. All electrical equipment must be earthed One-off 0
Contractor
1. Develop a suitable system for the safe collection, recycling and
disposal of chemical wastes, obsolete chemicals and empty Project Manager &
Chemical Safety One-off 10,000
chemical containers to avoid their reuse for other purposes and to Contractor
eliminate or minimize the risks to safety, health and environment

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Expected Negative
Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
Impacts
2. Ensure that all chemicals used in construction are appropriately
labeled or marked and that material safety data sheets containing
essential information regarding their identity, supplier’s classification Project Manager &
One-off 0
of hazards, safety precautions and emergency procedures are Contractor
provided and are made available to employees and their
representatives
3. Keep a record of all hazardous chemicals used at the site, cross- Project Manager &
Continuous 0
referenced to the appropriate chemical safety data sheets Contractor
4. There should be no eating or drinking in areas where chemicals Project Manager &
Continuous 0
are stored or used Contractor
5. Provide workers in areas with elevated noise and vibration levels, Project Manager &
One-off 5,000
with suitable ear protection equipment such as ear masks Contractor
Supply of clean drinking Ensure that construction workers are provided with an adequate Project Manager &
water supply of wholesome drinking water which should be maintained at Contractor One-off 5,000/month
suitable and accessible points.
Ensure that conveniently accessible, clean, orderly, adequate and Project Manager &
Washing facilities suitable washing facilities are provided and maintained within the Contractor One-off 5,000
site
1. Provision for repairing and maintaining of hand tools must be in Project Manager &
One-off 5,000
place Contractor
2. Hand tools must be of appropriate size and shape for easy and Project Manager &
Ergonomics One-off 0
safe use Contractor
3. Height of equipment, controls or work surfaces should be Project Manager &
One-off 0
positioned to reduce bending posture for standing workers Contractor

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9.1.2 Operational Phase EMP

The necessary objectives, activities, mitigation measures, and allocation of costs and responsibilities pertaining to prevention, minimization
and monitoring of significant negative impacts and maximization of positive impacts associated with the operational phase of the project
are outlined in Table 7.

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Table 7: Environmental management plan for the operation phase of the proposed project

Expected Negative impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)

1. Minimization of solid waste generation and ensuring more efficient solid waste management
1. Provide solid waste handling facilities such as waste bins Proponent/Building
One-off 10,000
and skips management
2. Ensure that solid waste generated at the building is
Proponent/Building
regularly disposed of appropriately at authorized dumping management Continuous 50,000/month
sites
Solid waste generation
3. Ensure that building occupants manage their waste
Proponent/Building
efficiently through recycling, reuse and proper disposal Continuous _
management
procedures.
3. Donate redundant but serviceable equipment to charities Proponent/Building
Continuous 0
and institutions management
2. Minimize risks of sewage release into environment
1. Provide adequate and safe means of handling sewage
Building management One-off -
generated (i.e. MEWASS sewer mains)
Sewage disposal
2. Conduct regular inspections for sewage pipe blockages or Building management Continuous 500 per inspection
damages and fix appropriately
3. Minimize energy consumption
1. Switch off electrical equipment, appliances and lights Staffs/ Building
Continuous _
when not being used management
Energy resource utilization
2. Install occupation sensing lighting at various locations 10-40 % higher than
Building management One-off
such as storage areas which are not in use all the time ordinary lighting

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Expected Negative impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
3. Install energy saving fluorescent tubes at all lighting
10-40 % higher than
points within the building instead of bulbs which consume Building management One-off
ordinary lighting
higher electric energy
4. Monitor energy use during the operation of the project
Building management Continuous 2,000/month
and set targets for efficient energy use
Building
5. Sensitize tenants & employees to use energy efficiently Continuous 500/month
management/Staffs
4. Minimize water consumption and ensure more efficient and safe water use
1. Promptly detect and repair water pipe and tank leaks Building management Continuous 2,000/month
Building
2. Encourage tenants and staffs to conserve water Continuous 500/month
management/Staffs
Building
3. Ensure taps are not running when not in use Continuous 500/month
Water consumption management/Staff

4. Install water conserving taps that turn-off automatically Building management One-off 10-40 % higher than
when water is not being used ordinary taps
5. Install a discharge meter at water outlets to determine
Building management One-off 2,000
and monitor total water usage
6. Minimize Traffic around adjacent road
1. "NO PARKING" signs will be posted around the building Building Management &
where Parking is prohibited and likely to cause obstruction Traffic/Parking Continuous -
as well as other necessary traffic signs Attendant
Traffic generation
2. Traffic management/parking personnel shall be provided Building Management
to monitor parking and ensure smooth motoring along the Continuous 15,000/ month
buildings adjacent roads

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Expected Negative impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)
3. Access to driveways will be maintained at all times Traffic/Parking
Continuous -
Attendant
4. Any work that disturbs normal traffic signal operations Building Management &
shall be coordinated with the relevant authorities Traffic/Parking Continuous -
Attendant
5. Minimization of health and safety impacts
1. Implement all necessary measures to ensure health and safety of the workers and the
general public during operation of the project as stipulated in Occupational Safety and Proponent Continuous _
Health Act, 2007
6. Ensure the general safety and security of the premises and surrounding areas
1. Ensure the general safety and security at all times by providing day and night security Proponent Continuous 50,000-
guards and adequate lighting within and around the premises. 100,000/month
7. Environmental monitoring of the project
The Firm of Experts (Stalin Environment) will undertake continuous environmental
monitoring of the project in liaison to the National Environment Management Authority
and the Proponent. This will ensure that environmental concerns are integrated into the
project at every stage of implementation. Proponent, Firm of
Continuous -
Experts and NEMA
An Initial Environmental Audit will be conducted in the first year of operation/occupation
to confirm the efficacy and adequacy of the EMP and to propose a comprehensive
operational Phase EMP in harmony with the building’s custom fittings

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9.1.3 Decommissioning Phase EMP

In addition to the mitigation measures provided in Tables 6 and 7 it is necessary to outline some basic mitigation measures that will be
required to be undertaken once all operational activities of the project have ceased. The necessary objectives, mitigation measures, allocation
of responsibilities, time frames and costs pertaining to prevention, minimization and monitoring of all potential impacts associated with the
decommissioning and closure phase of the project are outlined in Table 8.

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Table 8: Environmental management plan for the decommissioning phase of the proposed project

Expected Negative Impacts Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Cost (Ksh)

1. Demolition waste management

1. Use of an integrated solid waste management system
i.e. through a hierarchy of options: 1. Source reduction 2. Project Manager &
One-off -
Recycling 3. Composting and reuse 4. Combustion 5. Contractor
Sanitary land filling.
2. All buildings, machinery, equipment, structures and Project Manager &
partitions that will not be used for other purposes must Contractor One-off 0
be removed and recycled/reused as far as possible
3. All foundations must be removed and recycled, reused Project Manager &
One-off 0
Demolition waste or disposed of at a licensed disposal site Contractor
4. Where recycling/reuse of the machinery, equipment,
implements, structures, partitions and other demolition Project Manager &
One-off 0
waste is not possible; the materials should be taken to a Contractor
licensed waste disposal site
5. Donate reusable demolition waste to charitable Project Manager &
One-off 0
organizations, individuals and institutions Contractor
Architect, Project
6. Rehabilitate accordingly
Manager

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10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Recommendations

 Consult all relevant service providers and authorities (i.e. Meru County Planning
Department, Kenya Urban Roads Department, KPLC, MEWASS, NEMA, amongst others)
to harmonize the projects infrastructural and socio-economic developments with
existing facilities
 Adhere to all relevant construction, occupational, health and safety regulations and any
other relevant law.
 Ensure Water and Energy Management Systems are put in place as outlined within the
report and incorporate rain water harvesting facilities
 Solid waste management during construction and operational phases of the project
must adhere to the Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste
Management) Regulations, 2006
 Ensure strict adherence to provisions of Environmental Management and Coordination
(Noise and Excessive Vibrations Pollution) Regulations, 2009
 Ensure waste water is disposed off as per standards set in the Environmental
Management and Coordination (Water Quality) Regulations, 2006
 Ensure strict adherence to Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2007
 Ensure an elaborate landscaping program is put in place as the construction phase is
being concluded so as to replenish vegetation around the project site by planting trees,
flowers and lawns where applicable.

Conclusion

The Proponent of the proposed project shall be committed to putting in place several measures
to mitigate the negative environmental, safety, health and social impacts associated with the
life cycle of the project identified within this report. It is recommended that in addition to this
commitment, the proponent shall focus on implementing the measures outlined in the EMP as
well as adhering to all relevant national and international environmental, health and safety
standards, policies and regulations that govern establishment and operation of such projects.
It is also recommended that the positive impacts that emanate from such activities shall be
maximized as much as possible. It is expected that these measures will go a long way in
ensuring the best possible environmental compliance and performance standards. The project
is recommended for approval.

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REFERENCES

 Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Vol. 2: Sectoral Guidelines. World Bank

Technical Paper 140, 1991.
 Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Vol. 3: Guidelines for Environmental
Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects. World Bank Technical Paper 154, 1991.
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts 2000, Environmental Management and Coordination
Act Number 8 of 1999. Government printer, Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement number 56. Environmental Impact Assessment and
Audit Regulations 2003. Government printer, Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Environmental Management and Coordination
(Water Quality) Regulations, 2006. Government printer, Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Environmental Management and Coordination
(Waste Management) Regulations, 2006. Government printer, Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Environmental Management and Coordination (Noise
and Excessive Vibrations Pollution) Regulations, 2009. Government printer, Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts Building Code 2000. Government printer, Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts Land Planning Act (Cap. 303). Government244
printer,Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts Local Authority Act (Cap. 265). Government
printer,Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts Penal Code Act (Cap.63). Government printer, Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts Physical Planning Act, 1999. Government printer, Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts Public Health Act (Cap. 242). Government
printer,Nairobi
 Kenya gazette supplement Acts Water Act, 2002. Government printer, Nairobi
 The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007. Government Printer, Nairobi.

 Meru County Integrated Development Plan 2018-2022

 Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathita_River

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APPENDICES

1) Land ownership documents

2) Approved Architectural Drawings for the Proposed Project

3) Summary of Bill of Quantities for the proposed project

4) Site layout plan for the proposed project site

5) Stakeholder consultation questionnaires, minutes and consent forms.

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PHOTO GALLERY

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1. APPENDIX ONE:

LAND OWNERSHIP DOCUMENTS

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2. APPENDIX TWO:

APPROVED ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR THE

PROPOSED PROJECT

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3. APPENDIX THREE:

SUMMARY OF BILL OF QUANTITIES FOR THE

PROPOSED PROJECT

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4. APPENDIX FOUR:

SITE LAYOUT PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT

SITE
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5. APPENDIX FIVE:

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION QUESTIONNAIRES

AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION LIST
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