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Class 28

The document outlines sign conventions for shear forces and bending moments in beams, stating that positive shear forces act clockwise and positive bending moments compress the upper part of the beam. It emphasizes that the algebraic sign of a stress resultant is based on its effect on material deformation. Additionally, it provides steps for analyzing a beam, including determining reactions at supports and developing shear and bending moment diagrams.

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OliverSpurgeon
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13 views9 pages

Class 28

The document outlines sign conventions for shear forces and bending moments in beams, stating that positive shear forces act clockwise and positive bending moments compress the upper part of the beam. It emphasizes that the algebraic sign of a stress resultant is based on its effect on material deformation. Additionally, it provides steps for analyzing a beam, including determining reactions at supports and developing shear and bending moment diagrams.

Uploaded by

OliverSpurgeon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sign Conventions

Assume that shear forces and bending moments are positive when they act in
the directions shown in Figure b.

Note that the shear force tends to rotate the material clockwise and the
bending moment tends to compress the upper part of the beam and
elongate the lower part. The shear force acts downward and the bending
moment acts counterclockwise.

 Algebraic sign of a stress resultant is determined by how it deforms the


material on which it acts, rather than by its direction in space.

In the case of a beam, a positive shear force acts clockwise against the material
(Figs. b and c) and a negative shear force acts counterclockwise against the
material. Also, a positive bending moment compresses the upper part of the
beam (Figs. b and c) and a negative bending moment compresses the lower part.

5-1
Sign Conventions

The deformations of an element caused by both positive


and negative shear forces and bending moments are
sketched in Fig.
• a positive shear force tends to deform the element by
causing the righthand face to move downward with
respect to the left‐hand face.

• a positive bending moment compresses the upper


part of a beam and elongates the lower part.

5-2
Sign Conventions

5-3
SOLUTION:
• Taking the entire beam
as a free body,
determine the
reactions at supports.
• Apply the relationship
between shear and
load to develop the
shear diagram.
• Apply the relationship
between bending
moment and shear to
develop the bending
moment diagram.
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