VIBRATION ACADEMY

11TH
1
CHEMISTRY DPP SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Subatomic Particles Ans. (b)

Sol. Positive rays are stream of positively charged gaseous
1. Early Indian and Greek philosophers were of the view ions.
that …A…are the fundamental building blocks of
matter. Here, ‘A’ refers to 6. The electrical discharge through the gases could be
(a) Atoms (b) Molecules observed only at
(c) Protons (d) Electron (a) Very low pressure and very low voltage
Ans. (a) (b) Very high pressure and very high voltage
Sol. Early Indian and Greek philosophers were of the view (c) Very high pressure and very low voltage
that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of (d) Very low pressure and very high voltage
matter. ‘A’ refer to atoms here. Ans. (d)
Sol. The electrical discharge through the gases could be
2. Atoms can be further divided into sub-particles like observed only at very low pressure and very high
(a) Electrons (b) Protons voltage.
(c) Neutrons (d) All of these
Ans. (d) 7. Oil drop experiment was developed by
Sol. Atoms can be further divided into sub-particles. These (a) R. A Millikan (b) J.J Thomson
sub atomic particles are electrons, protons and (c) Michael Faraday (d) None of these
neutrons. Ans. (a)
Sol. Oil drop experiment was developed by R. A Millikan
3. The e/m for anode rays in comparison to cathode rays to determine the charge on an electron.
is:
(a) very low (b) high 8. The smallest and lightest positive ion, obtained from
(c) same (d) none hydrogen was called …A.. Here, ‘A’ refers to
Ans. (a) (a) Proton
Sol. Cathode rays contain electrons and positive rays (b) Neutron
contain positive charged gaseous atom mass of the (c) Electron
electron is negligible in comparison to positive charge (d) Both proton and neutron
atom Ans. (a)
Sol. The smallest and lightest positive ion, obtained from
4. Mass of neutron is about ..............times the mass of the hydrogen was called proton.
electron.
(a) 1840 (b) 1480 9. Electrical discharge carried out in the modified cathode
(c) 1000 (d) None of these ray tube led to the discovery of particles carrying
Ans. (a) positive charge are also known as ..A… rays. Here, ‘A’
Sol. Mass neutron  1840Mass electron refers to
(a) X
(b) Canal
5. Positive rays or canal rays are:
(c) Beta
(a) electromagnetic waves
(d) Gamma
(b) a stream of positively charged gaseous ions
Ans. (b)
(c) a stream of electrons
(d) neutrons
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STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Sol. Electrical discharge carried out in the modified cathode

ray tube led to the discovery of particles carrying Thomson's model and Rutherford’s model of an
positive charge are also known as canal rays.
atom
10. Neutrons are …A… particles.
14. Thomson model of atom is also known as
Identify A from the given option in order to complete
(a) Plum pudding model
the above statement.
(b) Raisin pudding model
(a) Positively charged (b) Negatively charged
(c) Watermelon model
(c) Neutral (d) None of these
(d) All (a), (b) and (c)
Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
Sol. Neutrons are neutral particles.
Sol. Thomson model of atom is also known as plum
pudding model or raisin pudding model or watermelon
11. Which of the following statements about the electron is
model.
incorrect?
(a) It is a negatively charged particle
15. According to the Thomson model of an atom, mass of
(b) The mass of electron is equal to the mass of
the atom is assumed to be
neutron
(a) Uniformly distributed over the atom
(c) It is basic constituent of all atoms
(b) Randomly distributed over the atom
(d) It is a constituent of cathode rays
(c) In some cases (a) and in some cases (b)
Ans. (b)
(d) None of the above
Sol. The mass of electron is not equal to the mass of
Ans. (a)
neutron. It is much much less than that of neutrons.
Sol. According to Thomson model of an atom, an atom
possesses a spherical shape in which the positive
12. Cathode rays travel
charge is uniformly distributed and the mass of the
(a) From negative electrode (cathode) to positive
atom is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the
electrode (anode)
atom.
(b) From negative electrode (anode) to positive
electrode (cathode)
16. Which of the following properties of an atom could be
(c) In any direction
explained correctly by Thomson model of atom?
(d) None of the above
(a) Overall neutrality of atom
Ans. (a)
(b) Spectra of hydrogen atom
Sol. Cathode rays travel from negative electrode (cathode)
(c) Position of electrons, protons and neutrons in atom
to positive electrode (anode).
(d) Stability of atom
Ans. (a)
13. Mass of electron is equal to
Sol. Thomson model of atom explains overall neutrality of
(a) 1.6  10 19 kg
the atom.
(b) 1.6  10 18 kg
(c) 9.1094  10 31 kg 17. When a gold sheet is bombarded by a beam of
α–particles, only a few of them get deflected whereas
(d) 9.1094  10 30 kg
most go straight, undeflected. This is because
Ans. (c) (a) The force of attraction exerted on the α–particles by
Sol. Mass of electron is equal to 9.1094  10 31 kg the oppositely charged electrons is not sufficient.
(b) A nucleus has a much smaller volume than that of
an atom.
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STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

(c) The force of repulsion acting on the fast-moving α– Sol. According to Rutherford, the nucleus surrounded by
particles are very small. electrons that move around the nucleus with a very
(d) The neutrons in the nucleus do not have any effect high speed in circular paths called orbits.
on the α–particles.
Ans. (b) 21. Rutherford model could not explain the
Sol. (a) Electronic structure of an atom
(b) Stability of an atom
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
Sol. Rutherford model could not explain the electronic
structure and stability of an atom.

Only a few get deflected whereas most of them go

Special terms
straight, undeflected because most of the space in
22. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is:
the atom is empty and the nucleus has very small
volume because of which deflection occurs. (a) CN 
(b) O2
18. Rutherford’s scattering experiment is related to the size (c) O2
of the (d) N 2
(a) Nucleus (b) Atom
Ans. (a)
(c) Electron (d) Neutron
Sol. For Isoelectronic species, they should have an equal
Ans. (a)
number of electrons.
Sol. Rutherford’s scattering experiment is related to the size
CO  6  8  14
of the nucleus.
CN  6  7  1  14
76
19. An  -particle scattering experiment of Rutherford, 23. An isotone of 32Ge is
77 77
bombards very thin …A… foil with  -particles. (i) 32Ge (ii) 33As
77 78
Fill the blank with an appropriate option. (iii) 34Se (iv) 34Se
(a) Silver (b) Gold (a) Only (i) and (ii) (b) Only (ii) and (iii)
(c) Aluminium (d) Copper (c) Only (ii) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii), and (iv)
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
Sol. In an  -particle scattering experiment of Rutherford, Sol. For Isotonic species, number of neutrons should be
A very thin gold foil is bombarded with  -particles. same.
76 77
32 Ge  76  32  44 33 As  77  33  44
20. According to Rutherford, the nucleus surrounded by 76
Ge  77  32  45 78
Se  78  34  44
32 34
electrons that move around the nucleus with a very 77
34 Se  77  34  43
high speed in …A… paths called orbits. Here, A refers
to
(a) Elliptical (b) Parabolic 24. Which of the following atoms and ions are
(c) Circular (d) None of these isoelectronic i.e. have the same number of electrons
Ans. (c) with the neon atom
–
(a) F (b) Oxygen atom
–
(c) Mg (d) N
 4
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Ans. (a) Sol. Atoms with same mass number but different atomic
Sol. For Isoelectronic species, number of electrons should numbers are called isobars. Example, 14 14 are
6 C, 7 N
be equal isobars.
Ne  10 F  9  1  10
O8 Mg  12 28. An isoelectronic pair is

N  7 1  8 (a) Ca and K
Then F- has 10 electrons and isoelectronic with Ne (b) Ar and Ca2+
(c) K and Ca2+
25. Atomic number, (Z) = (d) Ar and K
(a) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Ans. (b)
(b) Number of electrons in a neutral atom Sol. Ar and Ca2+ is an isoelectronic pair. Both have 18
(c) Both (a) and (b) electrons.
(d) None of the above
12
Ans. (c) 29. 6 C , 13 14
6 C, 6 C
and 35
17
37
Cl , 17 Cl are the examples of
Sol. Positive charge in the nucleus is due to the protons in (a) Isotopes
nucleus of an atom. The charge on the proton is equal (b) Isobars
but opposite to that of electron. Number of protons in (c) Isotopes and isobars respectively
the nucleus of hydrogen atom and sodium atom is 1 (d) Isobars and Isotopes respectively
and 11 respectively. Number of electrons in an atom is Ans. (a)
equal to the number of protons in order to maintain the 12
electrical neutrality. Sol. 6 C , 13 14
6 C, 6 C
and 35
17
37
Cl , 17 Cl are the isotopes of C
Atomic number (Z) and Cl respectively. The atoms with same atomic
= Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom number but different mass numbers are called isotopes.
= Number of electrons in a neutral atom
30. The number of electrons and protons in an atom of
26. Nucleons are third alkaline earth metal is
(a) Only neutrons (a) e  20, p  20
(b) Neutrons + protons (b) e  18, p  20
(c) Neutrons + protons + electrons (c) e  18, p  18
(d) Neutron + electrons
(d) e  19, p  20
Ans. (b)
Sol. Nucleons are total number of protons and neutrons in Ans. (a)
an atom. Both of these are collectively known as 40
Sol. The third alkaline metal is 20 Ca. It contains 20
nucleons. protons and 20 electrons.

27. Atoms with same mass number but different atomic 31. The triad of nuclei that is isotonic is :
numbers are called 14 15 17 12 14 19
(a) 6 C, 7 N, 9 F (b) 6 C, 7 N, 9 F
(a) Isotopes
14 14 17 14 14 19
(b) Isobars (c) 6 C, 7 N, 9 F (d) 6 C, 7 N, 9 F
(c) Isotones Ans. (a)
(d) None of these Sol. For Isotonic species, they should have an equal number
Ans. (b) of neutrons.
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STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

C  14  6  8 (b) Charged particles when accelerated should absorb

N  15  7  8 electromagnetic radiation
F  17  9  8 (c) In some cases (a), in some cases (b)
(d) None of the above
Number of neutrons = Mass number - atomic number
Ans. (a)
Sol. According to the electromagnetic theory of Maxwell,
Electromagnetic spectrum charged particles when accelerated should emit
electromagnetic radiation, an electron in an orbit will
32. Maxwell suggested that when electrically charged emit radiation, which comes from electronic motion.
particles move under acceleration, alternating electrical
and magnetic fields are produced and transmitted. 14 –1
35. The frequency of a wave of light is 12 × 10 s . The
These fields are transmitted in the form of waves called
wave number associated with this light is
(a) Electromagnetic waves –7 –8 –1
(b) Electromagnetic radiations (a) 5 × 10 m (b) 4 × 10 cm
–7 –1 4 –1
(c) Both (a) and (b) (c) 2 × 10 m (d) 4 × 10 cm
(d) None of the above Ans. (d)
Ans. (c) c 3 108 1
Sol.   14
  106
Sol. Maxwell suggested that when electrically charged v 12 10 4
particles move under acceleration, alternating electrical 1
v  wave number =  4 106 m 1
and magnetic fields are produced and transmitted. 
These fields are transmitted in the form of waves called 4  106
electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiations.  cm1  4  104 cm 1
100

33. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields produced 14

36. The frequency of a green light is 6 × 10 Hz. Its
by oscillating charged particles are
wavelength is :
I. Perpendicular to each other.
(a) 500 nm (b) 5 nm
II. Parallel to each other
(c) 50,000 nm (d) None of these
III. Both are perpendicular to the direction of
Ans. (a)
propagation of the wave.
IV. Both are parallel to the direction of the waves. 3  108
Sol.   c 
Choose the correct option 6 1014
(a) I and III 1
 106 m   0.5 106  109 nm 1m  109 nm 
(b) II and IV 2
(c) I and IV   500 nm
(d) II and III
Ans. (a) 37. Value of speed of light is
Sol. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields produced (a) 3.0  108 ms 1
by oscillating charged particles are perpendicular to
(b) 3.0  107 ms 1
each other and also perpendicular to the direction of
(c) 3.0 1010 ms 1
propagation of the wave.
(d) 3.0  109 ms 1
34. According to the electromagnetic theory of Maxwell, Ans. (a)
(a) Charged particles when accelerated should emit Sol. Value of speed of light is 3.0 108 ms 1 .
electromagnetic radiation
 6
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

38. Relationship between frequency (v), wavelength    ultraviolet/visible/X-ray/microwave/infrared

(a) X-ray, ultraviolet, microwave, infrared, visible
and velocity of light (c) is
(b) ultraviolet, X-ray, visible, infrared, microwave
v (c) infrared, microwave, ultraviolet, visible, X-ray
(a) c 
 (d) X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave
(b) c  v Ans. (d)
(c) c  v   Sol. Highest Energy  Lowest Energy
(d) c  v   X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave
Ans. (b)
Sol. Relationship between frequency (v), wavelength    Planck's quantum theory
and velocity of light (c) is
c  v 42. The relation between energy of a radiation and its
c frequency was given by :
or v  (a) de Broglie (b) Einstein

(c) Planck (d) Bohr
Ans. (c)
39. The number of wavelengths per unit length is called
Sol. The relation between energy of a radiation and its
(a) Wavelength (v)
frequency was given by Planck.

(b) Wavelength v
43. Which is not characteristics of Planck’s quantum
(c) Wave number  v 
theory of radiation?
(d) Wave number (v) (a) Radiation is associated with energy.
Ans. (c) (b) Energy is not absorbed or emitted in whole number
Sol. The number of wavelengths per unit length is called or multiples of quantum.

wave number. It is denoted by v . (c) The magnitude of energy associated with a quantum
is proportional to the frequency.
(d) Radiation energy is neither emitted nor absorbed
40. Calculate frequency of yellow radiation having continuously but in small packets called quanta.
o
wavelength 5800 A . Ans. (b)
Sol. Planck said that energy is absorbed or emitted
(a) 5.172  1014 s 1
in whole number or multiple of quantum
(b) 174s 1
(c) 5.172  1012 s 1 44. According to Planck, the smallest quantity of energy
(d) 1.74 1014 s 1 that can be emitted or absorbed in the form of
Ans. (a) electromagnetic radiation is called
Sol. To Calculate Frequency, (a) Photon (b) Quantum
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
c 3  108 ms 1
v  Ans. (b)
 5800 10 10 m Sol. According to Planck, the smallest quantity of energy
 5.172  1014 s 1 that can be emitted or absorbed in the form of
electromagnetic radiation is called quantum. The
quantum of light are called photons.
41. Rank the following types of radiations from the highest
energy to the lowest.
 7
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

6 –1
45. The number of photons of light of  = 2.5 × 10 m hc
necessary to provide 1 J of energy are E1 3000
(a) 2 × 10
18
(b) 2 × 10
17 
20 19 E2 hc
(c) 2 × 10 (d) 2 × 10
6000
Ans. (a)
Sol. E  nh  hc 6000 2
  
1J  nhc    hc  2  1025 J.m 3000 hc 1
1 J 1 E1 : E2  2 :1
n 
2  1025 J.m 2.5  106 m 1
1 48. The energy required to break one mole of Cl-C1 bonds
n n  0.2  1019
5  1019 in Cl2 is 242 kJ mol-1. The largest wavelength of light
n  2 1018 capable of breaking a single Cl-C1 bond is
(a) 700 nm (b) 494 nm
46. The number of photons emitted in 10 hours by a 60 W (c) 596 nm (d) 640 nm
Ans. (b)
sodium lamp (λ of photon = 6000 Å)
(a) 6.50 × 1024 (b) 6.40 × 1023 Sol. Energy required for one Cl2 molecule 
242 103
23 23 J
(c) 8.40 × 10 (d) 3.40 × 10 NA
Ans. (a)
hc
Energy E
Sol. Power = 
time
 hc  2  1025 J.m hc 6.626 1034  3 108  6.02 1023
 
E E 242 103
60 
10  60  60sec  494 109 m  494 nm
E  2160000 Joules
nhc
E Particle nature of electromagnetic radiations

2160000  6000  1010
  n  6.45  1024 49. Einstein’s theory of photoelectric effect is based on :
2  1025 (a) Newton's corpuscular theory of light
(b) Huygen’s wave theory of light
o
47. The energy ratio of photon of wavelength 3000 A and (c) Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory of light
o (d) Planck’s quantum theory of light
6000 A is Ans. (d)
(a) 2:1 (b) 1:2 Sol. Planck’s quantum theory of light
(c) 1:1 (d) 1:4
Ans. (a) 50. In photoelectric effect the number of photo-electrons
Sol. 1  3000 Å, 2  6000 Å emitted is proportional to :
(a) intensity of incident beam
hc hc (b) frequency of incident beam
E1  
1 3000 (c) velocity of incident beam
hc hc (d) work function
E2   Ans. (a)
2 6000
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STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Sol. According to the photoelectric effect, frequency Sol. The ideal body which emits and absorbs radiations of
decides whether there will be current or not but the all frequencies, is called a black body and the radiation
amount of current (no. of photon ejected out) will be emitted by such a body is called black body radiation.
decided by the intensity of light.
55. The exact frequency distribution of the emitted
51. Increase in the frequency of the incident radiations radiation (i.e., intensity versus frequency curve of the
increase the : radiation) from a black body depends on
(a) rate of emission of photo-electrons (a) Temperature (b) Pressure
(b) work function (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
(c) kinetic energy of photo-electrons Ans. (a)
(d) threshold frequency Sol. The exact frequency distribution of the emitted
Ans. (c) radiation from a black body depends on temperature.
Sol. h  h  K.E
So if we increase  the K.E will increase as  is 56. Minimum frequency (v0), below which photoelectric
effect is not observed is called
constant for a given metal.
(a) Threshold frequency
(b) Minimum frequency
52. Photoelectric effect shows
(c) Lowest frequency
(a) particle-like behaviour of light
(d) None of these
(b) wave-like behaviour of light
Ans. (a)
(c) both wave-like and particle-like behaviour of light
Sol. Minimum frequency(v0), below which photoelectric
(d) neither wave-like nor particle-like behaviour of
effect is not observed is called threshold frequency
light
Ans. (a)
57. Ultraviolet light of 6.2 eV falls on aluminium surface
Sol. Particle-like behaviour of light
(work function = 4.2 eV). The kinetic energy (in joule)
of the fastest electron emitted is approximately:
53. The kinetic energy of the photoelectrons does not –21 –19
(a) 3 × 10 (b) 3 × 10
depend upon –17 –15
(c) 3 × 10 (d) 3 × 10
(a) Intensity of incident radiation
Ans. (b)
(b) Frequency of incident radiation
(c) Wavelength of incident radiation Sol. h  h  K.E max
(d) Wave number of incident radiation. 6.2  4.2  K.E K.E  2eV
19
Ans. (a)  2  1.6  10 Joules  3  1019 J
Sol. The kinetic energy of the photoelectrons does not
depend upon the intensity of incident radiation. 58. The threshold wavelength for the photoelectric effect
on sodium is 5000 Å. Its work function is:
54. The ideal body which emits and absorbs radiations of –19
(a) 4 × 10 J (b) 1J
all frequencies, is called a black body and the radiation –19
(c) 2 × 10 J
–10
(d) 3 × 10 J
emitted by such a body is called
Ans. (a)
(a) White body radiation
hc
(b) Black body radiation Sol. w 

(c) Black body emission
(d) None of these
Ans. (b)
 9
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

2  10 25 J.m (c) 27.2 eV (d) 122.4 eV

w  Ans. (d)
5000  10 10 m
2 2

2
 10 25  107  0.4  10 18 Sol. Eionisation Li2  Eionisation H   z   13.6   3
5
 122.4ev
 4  10 19 Joules

62. Energy of electron of hydrogen atom in second Bohr

59. If the threshold frequency of metal for the photoelectric
orbit is
effect is ν0, then which of the following will not –19 –19
(a) –5.44 × 10 J (b) –5.44 × 10 kJ
happen? –19 –19
(c) –5.44 × 10 cal (d) –5.44 × 10 eV
(a) If the frequency of the incident radiation is ν0, the
Ans. (a)
kinetic energy of the electrons ejected is zero.
(b) If the frequency of the incident radiation is ν, the z2
Sol. E  13.6
kinetic energy of the electrons ejected will be hν – hν0. n2
(c) If the frequency is kept the same at  but the
2
1
 13.6 
intensity is increased, the number of electrons ejected  2
2

will increase.
13.6
(d) If the frequency of incident radiation is further E  3.4ev
4
increased, the number of photoelectrons ejected will
E  3.4  1.6  1019  5.44  1019 Joules
increase.
Ans. (d)
63. The Bohr orbit radius for the hydrogen atom (n = 1) is
Sol. h  h  K.E
approximately 0.530 Å. The radius for the first excited
(a) If   0 , K.E  0 state (n = 2) orbit is
(b) If   0 then K.E  h  h0 (a) 0.13 Å (b) 1.06 Å
(c) No. of electrons ejected depend on intensity of (c) 4.77 Å (d) 2.12 Å
light but independent of frequency Ans. (d)
Sol. First excited state n  2
2
Bohr's model of an atom 0.53   2  
r  2.12 A
z
60. The energy of electron in 3rd orbit of hydrogen atom is
–1 –1 64. According to Bohr model, angular momentum of an
(a) –1311.8 kJ mol (b) –82.0 kJ mol
(c) –145.7 kJ mol
–1
(d) –327.9 kJ mol
–1 electron in the 3rd orbit is :
Ans. (c) 3h 1.5h
(a) (b)
1312  z 2   
Sol. E 2
kJ / mol 3 9h
n (c)
h
(d)

2
1312  1 Ans. (b)
E3  2
 3 nh
Sol. mvr  (According to Bohr’s Model)
E 3  145.7kJ / mol 2
For 3rd orbit
61. The ionization energy of H atom is 13.6 eV. The 3h 1.5h
mvr  
2+
ionization energy of Li ion will be 2 
(a) 54.4 eV (b) 40.8 eV
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STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

65. Electronic energy is a negative energy because 69. Which of the following statements does not form a part
(a) Electron carries a negative charge. of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom?
(b) Energy is zero near the nucleus and decreases as (a) Energy of the electrons in the orbit is quantized
the distance from the nucleus increases. (b) The electron in the orbit nearest to the nucleus has
(c) Energy is zero at an infinite distance from the the lowest energy
nucleus and decreases as the electron comes closer (c) Electrons revolve in different orbits around the
to the nucleus. nucleus
(d) There are interelectronic repulsions. (d) The position and velocity of the electrons in the
Ans. (c) orbit cannot be determined simultaneously
Sol. Energy is zero at n   , it decreases as we go close Ans. (d)
to the nucleus. Sol. ‘The position and velocity of the electrons in the orbit
 It is negative cannot be determined simultaneously’. This statement
is not a part of Bohr’s Model of hydrogen atom. It is
66. The energy of an electron in the orbit infact given by Heisenberg in his uncertainty principle.
(a) Changes with time
(b) Does not change with time 70. For a Bohr atom, angular momentum of the electron is
(c) Sometime change and sometime does not change (n = 0, 1, 2 , 3…)
(d) None of the above
n2 h2 nh
Ans. (b) (a) (b)
Sol. The energy of an electron in the orbit does not change 4 2
with time.  h2 2
(c) (d)
4 nh
67. The value of a0 in radius of nth state of hydrogen Ans. (b)
2
atom, rn  n a0 is Sol. Angular momentum of electron  mvr  nh
(a) 5.27 pm 2
(b) 52.9 pm
(c) 529 pm 71. Major development(s) responsible for the formulation
(d) 0.529 pm of Bohr’s model of atom were
Ans. (b) (a) Dual character of the electromagnetic radiation
which means that radiations possess both wave like
Sol. The value of a0 in radius of nth state of hydrogen atom
and particle like properties
is 52.9 pm. (b) Experimental results regarding atomic spectra
which can be explained only by assuming quantized
68. Bohr’s atomic model suggest that electronic energy level in atoms.
(a) Electrons have a particle as well wave character (c) Both (a) and (b)
(b) Atomic spectrum of atom should contain only five (d) None of the above
lines Ans. (c)
(c) Electron on H atom can have only certain values of Sol. Major development(s) responsible for the formulation
angular momentum of Bohr’s model of atom were
(d) All of the above (i) Dual character of the electromagnetic radiation
Ans. (c) which means that radiations possess both wave like and
Sol. Bohr’s atomic model suggest that electron on H-atom particle like properties
can have only certain values of angular momentum.
 11
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

(ii) Experimental results regarding atomic spectra 13.6z 2

which can be explained only by assuming quantized Sol. E eV
n2
electronic energy level in atoms. For H, E1  13.6 E 2  3.4 E 3  1.51

72. The ratio of the difference in energy between the first

and the second Bohr orbit to that between second and
Ground state 1st excited state 2nd excited state
third Bohr orbit is
1 1 75. The ionization energy of the hydrogen atom is
(a) (b)
2 3 13.6 eV. The energy required to excite the electron in a
27 4 hydrogen atom from the ground state to the first
(c) (d)
5 9 excited state is
Ans. (c)
–18 –23
1 1 (a) 1.69 × 10 J (b) 1.69 × 10 J
Sol.  E 2  E1  13.6Z 2  2
2
(c) 1.69 × 1023 J (d) 1.69 × 1025 J
n1 n 2
Ans. (a)
2 1 1  3 Sol. First excited state means n  2 .
13.6  z   2  2 
E 2  E1  1 2  4
  Ionisation energy = E1st state Ei  13.6ev
E3  E 2 2  1 1 5
13.6  z   2  2  2
2 3  36 13.6 1
E  E 2  E1  2
  13.6   10.2ev

3 36 27
 
2
4 5 5  10.2  1.6  10 19
 1.6  10 18 J
73. The energy of second Bohr orbit in the hydrogen atom
+
is –3.4 eV. The energy of fourth orbit of He ion would
76. The energy required to dislodge electron from excited
be
isolated H-atom, IE1 = 13.6 eV is
(a) –3.4 eV (b) –0.85 eV
(a) = 13.6 eV (b) > 13.6 eV
(c) –13.64 eV (d) +3.4 eV
(c) < 13.6 and > 3.4 eV (d) ≤ 3.4 eV
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d)
2
z2 1 Sol.
Sol. E H  R H 2  3.4  R H 2
n  2 IE1  13.6ev

z2
2
 2 IE 2  3.4ev 1st excited state
R H  13.6 E He  R H 2   13.6  2
n  4 IE3  1.51ev  2nd excited state
2  3.4 ev
1
 13.6  2  3.4ev
 2 77. The energy of an electron in first Bohr orbit of H-atom
is -13.6 eV. The possible energy value of electron in
74. The energy of an electron in the first Bohr orbit of H the excited state of Li2+ is
atom is –13.6 eV. The possible energy value(s) of the (a) -122.4 eV
excited state(s) for electrons in Bohr orbits to hydrogen (b) 30.6 eV
is (are) (c) -30.6 eV
(a) –3.4 eV (b) –4.2 eV (d) 13.6 eV
(c) –6.8 eV (d) +6.8 eV Ans. (c)
Ans. (a)
 12
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

E1 13.6 Sol. In the line spectrum of hydrogen, the lines described by

Sol. En  2
Z2   9  30.6eV . the formula
n 4
(for the excited state , n = 2 and for Li2+ ion, Z = 3)  1 1 
v  109, 677  2  2  cm1 , when n is an integer
2 n 
Hydrogen spectra whose value is  3 constitutes Balmer series.

78. The line spectrum observed when electron jumps from 82. In the line spectrum of hydrogen, the first five series of
higher level to M level is known as lines that correspond to n1=1,2,3,4,5 are known as
(a) Balmer series (b) Lyman series (a) Lyman, Paschen, Pfund, Bracket, Balmer
(c) Paschen series (d) Brackett series respectively
Ans. (c) (b) Paschen, Pfund, Bracket, Lyman, Balmer
Sol. M level means n=3 respectively
It comes under Paschen series (c) Lyman, Balmer, Pfund, Paschen, Bracket
respectively
79. In hydrogen spectrum, the series of lines appearing in (d) Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Bracket, Pfund
ultraviolet region of electromagnetic spectrum are respectively
called Ans. (d)
(a) Balmer lines (b) Lyman lines Sol. In the line spectrum of hydrogen, the first five series of
(c) Pfund lines (d) Brackett lines lines that correspond to n1=1,2,3,4,5 are known as
Ans. (b) Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Bracket, Pfund series
Sol. Lyman lines (Theory) respectively.

80. A ray of white light is spread out into a series of 83. Value of Rydberg constant (RH) is
coloured band called …. of visible light.
(a) 21.8  1018 J
(a) Visible band
(b) Spectrum (b) 21.8 1018 J
(c) Both (a) and (b) (c) 2.18 1018 J
(d) None of these (d) 2.18  1018 J
Ans. (b) Ans. (d)
Sol. A ray of white light is spread into a series of coloured Sol. Value of Rydberg constant (RH) is 2.18  1018 J .
band called spectrum of visible light.
84. What transition in He+ ion shall have the same wave
81. In the line spectrum of hydrogen, the lines described by number as the first line in Balmer series of H atom?
the formula (a) 7 → 5 (b) 5 → 3
1 1 (c) 6 → 4 (d) 4 → 2
v  109, 677  2  2  cm1
2 n  Ans. (c)
Where, n  integer, n  3 Sol. First line of Balmer series means 3  2
Wave number
constitutes
(a) Balmer series 1 1 1
   Rz 2  2  2 
(b) Lyman series  2 3 
(c) Pfund series  5  5R
(d) Paschen series
  Rz 2     z  1
 36  36
Ans. (a) (a) 7  5 for He+
 13
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

2  1 1 87. The third line in Balmer series corresponds to an

  R  2    electronic transition between which Bohr’s orbits in
 25 49 
(b) 5  3 for He+ hydrogen atom
(a) 5 → 3 (b) 5 → 2
2 1 1
  R  2    (c) 4 → 3 (d) 4 → 2
 9 25 
Ans. (b)
(c) 6  4 for He+
Sol. 3rd line in Balmer series is 52
2  1 1
  R 2    1 1 1 
16 36   Rz 2   
  4 25 
20 5R
 4R   1 21R
36  16 36 
 100
85. An electron jumps from 6th energy level to 3rd energy
level in H-atom, how many lines belong to the visible
region?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) Zero
Ans. (d)

Sol.

88. Which transition in the hydrogen atomic spectrum will

have the same wavelength as the transition, n = 4 to n
In visible region (lines which comes to n = 2) Balmer = 2 of He+ spectrum?
series (a) n = 4 to n = 3 (b) n = 3 to n = 2
 No lines will come in visible region (c) n = 3 to n = 1 (d) n = 2 to n = 1
Ans. (d)
86. The wave number for the shortest wavelength
1 1 1
transition in the Balmer series of atomic hydrogen is Sol.  z 2 .RH  2  2 
(a) 27420 cm
–1
(b) 28420 cm
–1   n1 n2 
–1 –1
(c) 29420 cm (d) 12186 cm For
Ans. (a) 1 1 1 3 3
Sol. Shortest wavelength for Balmer series    2 He ,  22.RH  2  2   4   RH
 2 4  16 4
1 1 1 
    Rz 2  2  2  1 2
 2   1 1  3
H,  1 .RH  2  2   RH
109670  12  1 2  4
  27420 cm 1
4 Hence, for hydrogen n = 2 to n = 1
 14
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

89. The wave number of the spectral line in the emission of

15 R 1 1 
8  R 2  2
hydrogen will be equal to times the Rydberg’s
9
16 1 n2 
constant if the electron jumps from 15 R  n22  1 
(a) n = 10 to n =1  
16 R  n22 
(b) n = 3 to n = 1
(c) n = 9 to n = 8 15 n22  1
(d) n = 0 to n = 1  2
16 n2
Ans. (b)
Sol. Wave number of the spectral line in the emission of 15n22  16n22  16
hydrogen spectrum
n22  16, n2  4
 1 1 
v  RH  2  2  …(i)
 n1 n2  Dual nature of particle
8
Given, v  RH 91. An electron is moving in Bohr’s fourth orbit. Its de-
9
Broglie wavelength is  . Calculate the circumference
On putting the value of v in equation, (i), we get of the fourth orbit.
(a) 2
8  1 1 
RH  RH
 2 2 (b) 4
9  n1 n2  4
(c)
8 1 1 
 2 2
9 1 n2 (d)
2

8 1 1 1 Ans. (b)
 1   2 or    2
9 n2 9 n2 Sol. According to Bohr’s concept, an electron always move
1 1 in the orbit with angular momentum (mvr) equal to
So ,   n2  3 nh
3 n2 .
2
Hence, electron jumps from n2  3 to n1  1
nh or n  h 
 mvr  r . 
90. The wavelength of a spectral line emitted by hydrogen 2 2  mv 
16 n h
atom in the Lyman series is cm . Calculate the Or r (from de-Broglie equation,   )
15 R
2 mv
value of n2 . (R = Rydberg constant). For fourth orbit,  n  4 
(a) 3 (b) 4
2
(c) 2 (d) 1 r
Ans. (b) 
Sol. For Lyman series,  Circumference  2 r  2  2  4
1 1 1  
 R 2  2
 1 n2 
 15
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

92. The de-Broglie wavelength of a tennis ball of mass 66 Sol. Light possesses both particle as well wave like
g moving with the velocity of 10 metres per second is properties i.e., light has dual behaviour. Whenever,
approximately radiation interacts with matter, it displays particle like
(a) 10–35metres (b) 10–33metres properties in contrast to the wave like properties.
–31 –36
(c) 10 metres (d) 10 metres
Ans. (b) 96. Relation between wavelength,    and momentum,
34
h 6.6 10 (p) of a material particle is
Sol.  
mv 66 103 10 (a)   hp
 1034  10  1033 m h
(b)  
p
93. The wavelength of a cricket ball weighing 100 g and
travelling with a velocity of 50 m/s is (c)   h  p
–28 –37 (d)   h  p
(a) 1.3 × 10 m (b) 1.3 × 10 m
–34 –30
(c) 1.3 × 10 m (d) 1.3 × 10 m Ans. (b)
Ans. (c) Sol. Relation between wavelength    and momentum (p)
h 6.6  1034
Sol.   h
mv 100  103  50 of a material particle is  
p
6.6
  1034  1.32  1034 m The is popularly called de-Broglie equation.
5
o
–23
94. An electron has kinetic energy 2.8 × 10 J de–Broglie 97. Calculate the mass of a photon with wavelength 3.6A .
–31
wavelength will be nearly(me = 9.1 × 10 kg) (a) 6.135  10 27 kg
(a) 9.24 × 10–4 m (b) 9.24 × 10–7 m
–8 –10 (b) 6.135  10 28 kg
(c) 9.28 × 10 m (d) 9.24 × 10 m
Ans. (c) (c) 6.135  10 33 kg
h h (d) 6.135  10 30 kg
Sol. db  
mv 2mkE Ans. (c)
6.6  10 34 Sol.   3.6 Å  3.6  10 10 m

2  9.1 1031  2.8  1023 Velocity of photon = velocity of light


6.6  1034 h 6.626  10 34 Js
m 
50.96  1054  v  3.6  10 10 m  3  108 ms 1 
6.6  1034

50.96  10 27
 6.135 1033 kg
 0.928  107
98. The de-Broglie equation applies
 9.28  108 m (a) to electrons only
(b) to protons only
(c) to neutron only
95. Light possesses (d) All the object in motion
(a) Particle like behaviour (b) Wave like behaviour Ans. (d)
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these Sol. First of all, de-Broglie told that like light, all the
Ans. (c) microscope moving particles have dual nature. i.e.,
 16
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

both wave and particle nature. Hence, for any

Ee  E p  E
microscopic particle (like e-, p+, n etc.) the wavelength
Hence,
is given by
E A  EC  EB
h h
 
mv p 101. The momentum of a photon of frequency 50 1017 s 1
Where, h = Planck’s constant
nearly
mv = p = momentum
(a) 2.27 1040 kg ms 1
99. An electron with velocity ‘v’ is found to have a certain (b) 3.33 1040 kg ms 1
value of de-Broglie wavelength. The velocity that the
neutron should possess to have the same de Broglie (c) 1.11023 kg ms 1
wavelength is
(a) v (b) v/1840
(d) 4.2 1023 kg ms 1
(c) 1840v (d) 1840/v Ans. (c)
Ans. (b) h or mv = momentum
Sol. 
Sol.  electron   neutron
h

h mv
m e ve m n v n
 Momentum  h
me 1 
vn  v  me  mn
mn 1840
 Momentum  hv  c  v 
v c
vn 
1840
6.62 10 34  50  1017

100. If EA, EB and EC represents kinetic energies of an 3  108
electron, alpha particle and proton respectively and  1.1 10 23 kg ms 1
each moving with same de-Broglie wavelength then
choose the correct among the following. 102. What will be the kinetic energy of radiation having
(a) E A  EB  EC 
wavelength ?
(b) E A  EB  EC 2
(c) EB  EC  E A m 2
(a)
(d) E A  EC  EB 4h
Ans. (d) 4h
Sol. As we know, (b)
m 2
h h 2h
  (c)
mv 2mKE m
For same value of wavelength, 2h2
(d)
1 m 2
 K .E. 
m Ans. (d)
Mass of e,  and p are Sol. We know that

me  m p  m h

The correct order is 2mE
 17
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

(c) de-Broglie’s Principle

2 h2
  (d) None of the above
2mE Ans. (a)
h2 4h 2 2h 2 Sol. Heisenberg Uncertainty principle: It is impossible to
E 2
  determine simultaneously the exact position and exact
  2m 2 m 2
2m.   momentum (or velocity) of an electron.
2
106. Which of the following is responsible to rule out the
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle existence of definite paths or trajectories of electrons?
(a) Pauli’s exclusion principle
103. If uncertainty in the position of an electron is zero, the (b) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
uncertainty in its momentum would be (c) Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity
h (d) Aufbau principle
(a) zero (b) 
4 Ans. (b)
h Sol. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle rules out the
(c)  (d) infinite existence of definite path or trajectories of electrons.
4
Ans. (d)
107. The uncertainty principle and the concept of wave
h
Sol. x.p   x  0 nature of matter was proposed by …A… and …B…
4
respectively. Here, A and B refer to
h h
p   p  (a) A  de-Broglie; B  Heisenberg
4.x 4 0
h (b) A  Heisenberg; B  de-Broglie
p  
4 (c) A  Heisenberg; B  Planck
(d) A  Planck; B  de-Broglie
104. For an electron, if the uncertainty in velocity is (v) , Ans. (b)
the uncertainty in its position (x) is given by : Sol. The uncertainty principle and the concept of wave
h  nature of matter was proposed by Heisenberg and de-
(a) m (b) Broglie respectively.
2 hm
h 2m
(c) (d) 108. The uncertainty in the momentum of an electron is
4m h
1.0  10 5 kg ms 1 . The uncertainty in its position will
Ans. (c)
be
h h
Sol. x.p  x.mv  (a) 1.50  10 28 m (b) 1.05  10 26 m
4 4
h (c) 5.27  10 30 m (d) 5.25  10 28 m
 p  mv x.v 
4m Ans. (c)
h h
x  Sol. x   p 
4v 4
105. “It is impossible to determine simultaneously the exact Where x  uncertainty in position
position and exact momentum (or velocity) of an
electron”. This principle is
p  uncertainty in momentum
(a) Heisenberg Uncertainty principle  1.0 105 kg ms 1
(b) dual behaviour of matter
 18
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

6.62 1034 xA  m  0.05 x A

x 1.0 10  5  1 or 2
4  3.14 xB  5m  0.02 xB
34
6.62  10 Quantum numbers
x 
4  3.14  1.0  105
111. In the Schrodinger’s wave equation,  represents
 5.27  1030 m
(a) Orbit (b) Wave function
(c) Wave (d) Radial probability
109. A ball of mass 200g is moving with a velocity of 10m
–1 Ans. (b)
sec . If the error in measurement of velocity is 0.1%,
Sol.  represents wave function
the uncertainty in its position is :
–31 –27
(a) 3.3 × 10 m (b) 3.3 × 10 m
–25 –32 112. The quantum number not obtained from Schrodinger
(c) 5.3 × 10 m (d) 2.64 × 10 m
equation is
Ans. (d)
(a) n (b) l
0.1
Sol. v  0.1%   10  0.01 (c) m (d) s
100
Ans. (d)
h Sol. n, l, m can be derived from Schrodinger equation but
x 
4mv not ‘s’.
6.6 1034
  0.2627  1034 103
4  3.14  200 103  0.01 113. Probability of finding an electron at a point within an
 2.62 1032 m atom is
(a) equal to the  2 at that point
110. The uncertainties in the velocities of two particles A
and B are 0.05 and 0.02 ms-1 respectively. The mass of (b) proportional to the  2 at that point
B is five times to that of mass A. what is the ratio of
(c) inversely proportional to the  2 at that point
 x A  (d) None of the above
uncertainties   in their positions?

 Bx Ans. (b)
(a) 2 (b) 0.25 Sol. Probability of finding an electron at a point within an
2
(c) 4 (d) 1 atom is proportional to the  at that point
Ans. (a)
Sol. According to Heisenberg
114. A subshell with n = 6, l = 2 can accommodate a
h maximum of
x  m  v 
4 (a) 10 electrons (b) 12 electrons
Where, x  uncertainty in position (c) 36 electrons (d) 72 electrons
m  Mass of particle Ans. (a)
Sol. n = 6, l = 2
v  uncertainty in velocity
Means 6d→ will have 5 orbitals.
According to question,
∴ maximum 10 electrons can be accommodated as
h each orbital can have a maximum of 2 electrons.
x A  m  0.05 
4
h 115. Which of the following sets of quantum number is
xB  5m  0.02  correct for an electron in 4f orbital?
4
Equation (i) and divided by equation (ii), then (a) n = 3, l = 2, m = –2, s = +1/2
 19
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

(b) n = 4, l = 4, m = –4, s = –1/2 119. How many spherical nodes are present in 4s orbital in a
(c) n = 4, l = 3, m = +1, s = +1/2 hydrogen atom?
(d) n = 4, l = 3, m = +4, s = +1/2 (a) 0 (b) 2
Ans. (c) (c) 3 (d) 4
1 Ans. (c)
Sol. n  4, l  3, m  1, s 
2 Sol. Spherical nodes = n  l  1
4 f orbital means For 4s  4  0  1  3
n  4 ,l  3,m1  3, 2 , 1, 0 ,1, 2,3
1 120. The number of nodes possible in radial wave function
ms   of 3d orbital is
2
1 (a) 1 (b) 2
 n  4 ,l  3,m1  1,s  (c) 0 (d) 3
2
Ans. (c)
116. The correct designation of an electron with n = 4, l = 3,
m = 2, and s = 1/2 is: Sol. Radial nodes = n  l  1
(a) 3d (b) 4f For 3d  3  2  1  0
(c) 5p (d) 6s
Ans. (b) 121. The d-orbital with the orientation along X and Y axes
1 is called:
Sol. n  4, l  3, m  2, s 
2 (a) dz2 (b) dzy
means electron is present in 4f (c) dyz (d) d x2  y2
Ans. (d)
117. A 3d-electron having s = +1/2 can have a magnetic
Sol.
quantum no:
(a) +2 (b) +3
(c) –3 (d) +4
Ans. (a)
Sol. For 3d
n  3, l  2, m can be  2, 1, 0,1, 2

118. The maximum number of 4d-electrons having spin

quantum number, s = +1/2
(a) 10 (b) 7
(c) 1 (d) 5
Ans. (d)
Sol. 4d will have 5 orbitals

122. 3py orbital has .......... nodal plane

(a) XY (b) YZ
1
5 electrons will have  spin (c) ZX (d) Any
2 Ans. (c)
1 Sol.
Rest 5 will have  spin
2
 20
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Sol. The region of an orbital where probability density

function reduces to zero is called node and nodal
surface.

127. The total number of nodes are given by

(a)  n 1

(b)  n  l 1

(c)  n 1

(d)  n  l 1
123. The number of angular nodes in a 3s atomic orbital is
Ans. (c)
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3 Sol. The total number of nodes are given by  n 1 i.e.,
Ans. (a) sum of ‘l’ angular nodes and  n  l 1 radial nodes.
Sol. Angular nodes = l
For 3s  0
128. The maximum number of electrons in the shell with
principal quantum number ‘n’ is equal to
124. The number of radial nodes in a 3s atomic orbital is
(a) 2n (b) 2n2
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2n3 (d) 2n4
(c) 2 (d) 3
Ans. (b)
Ans. (c)
Sol. The maximum number of electrons in the shell with
Sol. Radial nodes = n  l  1
principal quantum number ‘n’ is equal to 2n2.
For 3s  3  0  1  2
1
125. ….‘X’… is a type of quantum number. It is a positive 129. An electron with values 4, 3, -2, and  for the set of
2
integer with value of n = 1,2,3… It determines the size
four quantum number n, l, ml and ms respectively
and to large extent the energy of the orbital and also
belongs to
identifies the shell. Identify ‘X’.
(a) 4s orbital (b) 4p orbital
(a) Azimuthal quantum number
(c) 4d orbital (d) 4f orbital
(b) Principal quantum number
Ans. (d)
(c) Magnetic orbital quantum number
Sol. The value of n and l equal to 4 and 3 respectively
(d) Spin orbital quantum number
corresponds to 4f-orbitals, hence, the electron will
Ans. (b)
belong to 4f-orbital.
Sol. Principal quantum number is a positive integer with
value of n = 1,2,3… It determines the size of the
130. The nodes present in 3p-orbitals are
orbital and to large extent the energy of the orbital. It
(a) Two spherical
also identifies the shell.
(b) Two planar
(c) One planar
126. The region of an orbital where probability density
(d) One planar, one spherical
function reduces to zero is called
Ans. (d)
(a) nodal surface (b) node
Sol. The nodes present in 3p-orbitals are one planar, one
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
spherical. The value of n=3 and l= 1 (for 3p orbital)
Ans. (c)
Number of planar nodes = l =1
 21
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Number of spherical nodes = (n - l - 1) = (3-1-1) =1 The correct set of option is

(a) I and II (b) I and IV
131. The stationary states for electron are numbered n = (c) III and IV (d) II, III and IV
1,2,3… These integral numbers are known as Ans. (b)
(a) Principal quantum number Sol. Angular quantum number determines the three
(b) Azimuthal quantum number dimensional shape of the orbital. Spin quantum number
(c) Spin quantum number of an electron determines the orientation of the spin of
(d) None of the above electron relative to the chosen axis.
Ans. (a) Electronic configuration
Sol. The stationary states for electron are numbered n =
1,2,3… These integral numbers are known as Principal 134. The correct ground state electronic configuration of
quantum number. chromium atom (Z = 24) is
(a) [Ar] 3d5 4s1
132. The electrons identified by n and l 4
(b) [Ar] 3d 4s
2

(i) n = 4, l = 1 (ii) n = 4, l = 0 6
(c) [Ar] 3d 4s
0

(iii) n = 3, l = 2 (iv) n = 3, l = 1 1 5
(d) [Ar] 4s 4p
can be placed in order of increasing energy, from
Ans. (a)
lowest to highest
Sol. z = 24
(a) (iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i)
Chromium is exceptional electronic configuration
(b) (ii) < (iv) < (i) < (iii)
(c) (i) < (iii) < (ii) < (iv)
 Ar  3d 5 4s1
(d) (iii) < (i) < (iv) < (ii)
Ans. (a) 135. In manganese atom, Mn (Z = 25), the total number of
Sol. n  4,   1  4p, n    5 orbitals populated by one or more electrons (in ground
state) is
n  4,   0  4s, n    4
(a) 15 (b) 14
n  3,   2  3d, n    5
(c) 12 (d) 10
n  3,   1  3p, n    4 Ans. (a)
n  l rule states that the shell with less value of n  l Sol. Mn  25 s  1orbital
will have lesser energy and in case if n  l is same for 1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 4s 2 3d 5 p  3orbital
two orbitals, the orbital with lesser value of n will have
       d  5orbital
lower energy.
 3p  4s  3d  4p 1  1  3  1  3  1  5 15 orbitals

133. Which of the following statements concerning the 136. Presence of three unpaired electrons in phosphorus
quantum numbers are correct? atom can be explained by
I. Angular quantum number determines the three (a) Pauli’s rule
dimensional shape of the orbital. (b) Uncertainty principle
II. The principal quantum number determines the (c) Aufbau’s rule
orientation and energy of the orbital. (d) Hund’s rule
III. Magnetic quantum number determines the size of Ans. (d)
the orbital. Sol. P  1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3
IV. Spin quantum number of an electron determines
the orientation of the spin of electron relative to the
chosen axis.
 22
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

(Hund’s rule (theory) Ans. (b)

Sol. The size of the s-orbital increases with increase in
137. Which electronic configuration does not follow Pauli’s value of ‘n’. Hence, the correct order of size of s-
exclusion principle? orbital is:
(a) 1s2, 2s2 2p4 4s  3s  2s  1s .
(b) 1s2, 2s2 2p4, 3s2
2 4
(c) 1s , 2p 141. In the ground state of the atoms, the orbitals are filled
2 2 6 3
(d) 1s , 2s 2p , 3s in order of their
Ans. (d) (a) decreasing energies
Sol. Pauli’s exclusion principle says an orbital can have (b) increasing energies
max. of 2 electrons (c) no role of energy in filling of orbitals
∴ 3s3 is not possible (d) None of the above
Ans. (b)
138. Magnetic quantum number for the last electron in Sol. In the ground state of the atoms, the orbitals are filled
sodium is: in order of their increasing energies.
(a) 3 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) zero 142. Pauli exclusion principle state that
Ans. (d) (a) no two electrons in an atom can have the same set
of four quantum numbers
Na  1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s1
Sol. (b) only two electrons may exist in the same orbital and
 these electrons must have opposite spin
n3 (c) Both (a) and (b) statement are true
l0 (d) None of the above
m0 Ans. (c)
2 2 1
Sol. Pauli exclusion principle state that ‘no two electrons in
139. Nitrogen has the electronic configuration 1s ,2s 2px an atom can have the same set of four quantum
2p1y 2p1z and not 1s2 , 2s2 2p2x 2p1y 2p0z . It was proposed number’ or ‘only two electrons may exist in the same
orbital and these electrons must have opposite spin’.
by:
(a) Aufbau principle
143. Pairing of electrons in the orbitals belonging to the
(b) Pauli’s exclusion principle
same subshell (p, d or f ) does not take place until each
(c) Hund’s rule
orbital belonging to that subshell has got one electron
(d) Uncertainty principle
each, i.e., it is singly occupied. This is called
Ans. (c)
(a) Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity
Sol. According to Hund's rule, electron pairing in p,d, and f
(b) Pauli’s exclusion principle
subshells cannot occur until each orbital of a given
(c) Aufbau principle
subshell contains one electron each or is singly
(d) None of the above
occupied.
Ans. (a)
Sol. Pairing of electron in the orbitals belonging to the same
140. What is the correct order for the size of the s-orbital?
subshell (p, d or f) does not take place until each orbital
(a) 4s  2s  3s  1s belonging to that subshell has got one electron each,
(b) 4s  3s  2s  1s i.e., it is singly occupied. This is called Hund’s rule of
(c) 1s  2s  3s  4s maximum multiplicity.
(d) 1s  3s  2s  4s
 23
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

144. Aufbau principle does not give the correct arrangement Sol. Correct order of increase in the energy of the hydrogen
of filling up of the atomic orbitals in atom is
(a) Cu and Zn (b) Co and Zn 1s  2 s  2 p  3s  3 p  3d  4 s  4 p  4d  4 f
(c) Mn and Cr (d) Cu and Cr
Ans. (d) 147. For which one of the following sets of four quantum
Sol. Aufbau principle does not give the correct arrangement numbers an electron will have the highest energy
of filling up of atomic orbitals in copper and chromium
because half filled and completely filled electronic
n  m s
configuration of Cr and Cu have lower energy and
therefore, more stable. (a) 3 2 1 1/2
2 2 6 2 6 5 1 (b) 4 1 0 –1/2
Cr  Z  24  : 1s , 2s 2p ,3s 3p 3d , 4s
(c) 4 2 –1 1/2
Cu  Z  29  : 1s 2 , 2s 2 2p 6 ,3s 2 3p 6 3d10 , 4s1 (d) 5 0 0 –1/2
Ans. (c)
145. Ground state electronic configuration of nitrogen atom a) 3d b) 4p c) 4d d)5s
can be represented as Sol.
nl  5 5 6 5
     4d will have highest energy as it has highest value of
I.
nl
II.   
148. Consider the ground state of Cr atom (Z = 24). The
III.    number of electrons with azimuthal quantum numbers,
l = 1 and 2 are respectively
IV.      (a) 12 and 4 (b) 12 and 5
Choose the correct option (c) 16 and 6 (d) 16 and 5
(a) I and II (b) III and IV Ans. (b)
(c) I and IV (d) II and III Sol. EC to Cr (Z = 24) is
Ans. (b) Electronic configuration n l
2
Sol. Hund’s rule states that the single filled orbital of the 1s 1 0
same subshell have electrons with parallel spins. Either 2s2 2 0
all the spins can be clockwise or all of them will be 2p6 2 1
anticlockwise. 3s2 3 0
3p6 3 1
146. Identify the correct order of increase in the energy of 3d5 3 2
the hydrogen atom 4s1 4 0
(a) Thus, electrons with l =1, are 12 with l = 2, are 5.
1s  2s  2 p  3s  3 p  3d  4s  4 p  4d  4 f
149. Which of the following statements in relation to the
(b)
hydrogen atom is correct?
1s  2s  2 p  3s  3 p  3d  4 s  4 p  4d  4 f (a) 3s, 3p and 3d-orbitals all have the almost same
(c) energy
1s  2 s  3s  4 s  2 p  3 p  4 p  3d  4 d  4 f (b) 3s and 3p-orbitals are of lower energy than 3d-
(d) 1s  2s  3s  4s  2 p  3 p  4 p  3d  4d  4 f orbital
Ans. (a) (c) 3p-orbitals is lower in energy than 3d-orbital
(d) 3s-orbitals is lower in energy than 3p-orbital
Ans. (a)
 24
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Sol. Hydrogen atom is in 1s1 and these 3s, 3p and 3d- (d) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s1
orbitals will have the almost same energy. Ans. (b)
Sol. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4s 2 does not represent the ground
150. Which of the following option does not represent
state electronic configuration of an atom. Always in
ground state electronic configuration of an atom?
this situation the ground state outer electronic
(a) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 8 4s 2
10 1
(b) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4s 2 configuration changes to 3d 4 s .

(c) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d10 4s1