Unit 8a Forces and Motion Study Guide

TIP: You MAY use this study guide and the periodic table on your test. Do not use
Brainly or any other answer website to find answers. This is a direct violation of
the Honor Code.

Part A
John walks to the pizza place for lunch. He walks 2 km north then 1 km east. To get
home he walks 2 km south and 1 km west. What distance did he travel? Answer: John
walks 2 km north + 1 km east = 3 km for the first part of the walk. Then, he walks
2 km south + 1 km west = 3 km for the return trip. Total distance = 3 km + 3 km = 6
km

What is his displacement? Answer:John ends up at the same point he started (since
he walked north and then south, and east then west). Therefore, displacement = 0 km
(displacement is the straight-line distance between start and end).
How is velocity calculated? Answer:Velocity is calculated by dividing displacement
by time. Formula: velocity = displacement/time
How is acceleration measured? Answer:Acceleration is measured as the rate of change
of velocity over time. Formula:Acceleration=change in velocity/time

Part B
On a position–time graph, what does the value of the slope indicate about the
object? Answer:The slope on a position-time graph indicates the object's velocity.
A steeper slope means a faster velocity so and a horizontal line means the object
is not moving (velocity = 0).

What is the term for how far an object has traveled from its original location?
Answer:displacement

Use the following graph to answer the questions.

In what time range is the object stopped? Answer:The position at 3 seconds is 60

What is the position of the object at 3 seconds? Answer: The position at 5 seconds
is 20 meters

What does a velocity time graph show? Answer:The object moves at a constant speed
during 1 to 3 seconds and 4 to 5 seconds. The graph shows straight horizontal lines
in these time periods, indicating no change in position.
During what time period does the object have a constant velocity (no acceleration)?
Answer:From 0 to 20 seconds cause the graph is flat
What are three ways to cause an acceleration? Answer:Push or pull an object
Change the direction
Speed up or slow down

During what time period does the object have acceleration? Answer: From 20 to 40
seconds and from 40 to 50 seconds cause the graph is sloped
Deceleration? Answer:From 40 to 50 seconds cause the graph goes down

Part C
Identify which of Newton’s Three Laws of Motion for given scenarios.
1. An object flying through space will continue moving until gravity pulls it
down to a planet. Answer: Newton's First Law cause it keeps moving without stopping
2. A car traveling on a road. The tires push forward on the road but the road
pushes on the tires. Newton's Third Law cause both forces are equal and opposite
3. Two people sitting in rolling chairs push off of each other and move in
opposite directions. The smaller person accelerates faster than the larger. Based
on Newton’s Second Law of Motion, how would an increase in mass affect an object’s
acceleration? Answer: Newton's Second Law cause more mass means less acceleration
4. Is force a scalar or vector? Answer:From 40 to 50 seconds cause the graph
goes down Force is a vector cause it has direction and size
How is a scalar quantity different from a vector quantity? Answer:: Scalar is just
size like temperature and vector has size and direction like force or velocity
Essay Questions:
Directions: Below are essay questions you may encounter on your test. Please
prepare your answers now and use this sheet to help you write your answers on the
test. DO NOT COPY any answers from Brainly or any other outside sources. That is a
direct violation of the Honor Code. I will be looking for those specifically. Your
answer must come from information provided in the lessons.
1. An elevator in a hotel starts at ground level. It rapidly moves up to the third
floor, where it stops to unload passengers. The elevator then descends to the
basement at a slower speed than before.
In 1–2 sentences, identify whether or not the graph correctly represents the story.
Explain your answer.
Answer:Yes, the graph correctly represents the story. because the elevator rapidly
moves up in part A, then stops at the third floor in part B, and finally descends
to the basement at a slower speed in part C, so as described in the story. The
graph shows the corresponding changes in position and speed.

2. A student holds a water balloon outside of an open window and lets go. The
window is 10 meters above the ground, and the balloon is falling under the
acceleration of gravity, which is 9.8 m/s2. There are two equations that can be
used to describe its motion over time:
Would the balloon hit the ground before or after 1.0 s of falling? Which equation
did you use to decide, and what comparison did you make to determine that it would
or would not hit the ground by then? Use 3–5 sentences to explain your reasoning
and show all work including: givens, unknowns, equation, substitutions and final
answer. Answer: The balloon will hit the ground after 1 second. The position after
1 second is 4.9 m, which is above the ground.
3. Many competitive swimmers practice in loose-fitting, baggy swimsuits called
drag suits. In 1–2 sentences, explain how, in terms of the forces acting on a
swimmer, wearing a drag suit differs from wearing a tight-fitting racing suit, and
why practicing in a drag suit can make a swimmer stronger. Answer:A drag suit
creates more resistance, making the swimmer use more force, which builds strength
in their muscles