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Flower Structure and Classification Detailed

The document details the structure and classification of flowers, outlining the four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium, along with their functions. It classifies flowers based on sexuality into bisexual and unisexual types, explaining monoecious and dioecious plants. Additionally, it describes inflorescence types and placentation arrangements within the ovary.

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89 views3 pages

Flower Structure and Classification Detailed

The document details the structure and classification of flowers, outlining the four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium, along with their functions. It classifies flowers based on sexuality into bisexual and unisexual types, explaining monoecious and dioecious plants. Additionally, it describes inflorescence types and placentation arrangements within the ovary.

Uploaded by

shreya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flower Structure and Classification (Detailed)

1) Four Whorl Table with Function

Whorl Parts Function

1. Calyx Sepals Protects the flower in bud stage

2. Corolla Petals Attracts insects for pollination

3. Androecium Stamens (Anther + Filament) Male reproductive organ, produces polle

4. Gynoecium Carpels (Stigma, Style, Ovary) Female reproductive organ, bears ovules

2) Sexuality in Flowers (Detailed)

Flowers can be classified based on the presence of reproductive organs:

1. Bisexual (Perfect or Hermaphrodite) Flowers:

- Contain both male (stamens) and female (carpels) reproductive organs.

- Example: Hibiscus, Mustard.

2. Unisexual Flowers:

- Contain only one reproductive organ.

a. Staminate (Male flower): Has stamens only (e.g., maize).

b. Pistillate (Female flower): Has carpels only (e.g., papaya).

Note: Plants can be monoecious (both types of flowers on same plant) or dioecious (separate plants for male

and female flowers).

3) General Description of Floral Parts


Flower Structure and Classification (Detailed)

A complete flower typically has four main parts arranged in whorls:

1. Sepals (Calyx):

- Usually green in color.

- Protect the flower in its early bud stage.

2. Petals (Corolla):

- Often brightly colored and scented.

- Attract pollinators like bees, butterflies, etc.

3. Stamens (Androecium):

- Male reproductive organs.

- Consists of:

a. Anther: Produces pollen grains.

b. Filament: Supports the anther.

4. Carpels (Gynoecium or Pistil):

- Female reproductive organs.

- Consists of:

a. Stigma: Receives pollen.

b. Style: Tube connecting stigma to ovary.

c. Ovary: Contains ovules.


Flower Structure and Classification (Detailed)

4) Inflorescence and Placentation

Inflorescence: The arrangement of flowers on a plant.

Types:

1. Racemose - Main axis grows continuously; flowers arise laterally (e.g., mustard, radish).

2. Cymose - Main axis ends in a flower; growth stops (e.g., jasmine, bougainvillea).

Placentation: Arrangement of ovules within the ovary.

Types:

1. Marginal - Ovules arranged along one side (e.g., pea).

2. Axile - Ovules attached to central axis (e.g., tomato, lemon).

3. Parietal - Ovules on inner walls (e.g., mustard).

4. Free central - Ovules on a central column (e.g., primrose).

5. Basal - Single ovule at base (e.g., sunflower).

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