PART 1: GRAMMAR PRACTICE

1.1 Complete the sentences using the First Conditional form of the verbs in the brackets.
EXAMPLE: If I have (have) enough money next year, I will buy (buy) a new computer.
1. If you ________
wait will be (be) right back.
(wait) here, I ________
2. will go (go) to the cinema, if Jane
We ______ does not work(not work) tomorrow.
________
3. travel
If students ________ will visit (visit) the museums.
(travel) to Dublin this summer, they _______
4. Childrenwill not go (not/go) for a walk if it ________
_______ rains (rain).
eat will not lose
5. If you ________ (eat) too much junk food, you ______ (not/lose) weight.
6. will______
She not arrive takes
(not/ arrive) in time if my sister ________ (take) the bus.
7. If he ______ will be
fails (fail) the exam, he ______ (be) depressed.
do_______ will not match
not hurry(not/hurry), they
8. If they ______ (not/catch) the train.
1.2 Choose the correct completions.
1. If Miran was my best friend, he would keep my secrets.
a. Miran is / isn’t my best friend.
b. Miran keeps / doesn’t keep my secrets.
2. If we both saved enough money, we could travel the world.
a. We save / don’t save enough money
b. We will / won’t travel the world.
3. You would buy more unnecessary things, if you had a bigger salary.
a. You will/won’t buy more unnecessary things.
b. You have/don’t have a bigger salary.
4. If I were you, I would accept that offer.
a. I am/am not you.
b. I will/won’t accept that offer.

1.3 Write the verb in brackets. Use the second conditional.

EXAMPLE: If he were (be) available right now, he would/could help (help) us.
had (have) enough eggs, wewould
1. If we ______
make
_______ (make) a cake this evening.
would go
2. If Johndid not have
_______ (not/have) any assignment to do, he ______ (go) to the party.
could spend
3. Virginia _______ were (be) easier to get a visa.
(spend) a year in the UK if it ______
could travel
4. We _______ won (win) the lottery.
(travel) the world if we ______
were (be) nice today, wecould
5. If the weather ______ ______go(go) on a picnic.
6. Elizabeth _________
could answer were
(answer) the phone if she ________ (be) in the office now.
7. If he ______ would not deceive
were (be) your best friend, he______ (not/deceive) you.
were not
8. If the ocean water ______ could be
(not/be) salty, there ______ (be) enough water for everyone in the world.
9. I _________ did not work
could see (see) my friends more often if I _______ (not/work) so hard.
10. If I _____ could take
were (be) in your shoes, I ________ (take) Chinese class.
1.4 Fill in the blanks with “too” or “enough”.
1. We don’t have _____ eggs to make a cake.
2. This bag is ____ heavy for me to carry.
3.This exam isn’t difficult ________ enough for students.
4. He doesn’t have ______ money to buy a sport car.
5. She isn’t old ______
enoughto get a driver license.

6. Do you have enough

______ information to help me?
too cold.
7. I cannot drink this water since it is _____
enoughto catch me.
8. She runs fast ______
too young to marry.
9. You are ______
too strong for me to drink.
10. I didn’t like that coffee because it is ____
1.5 Put the verbs in brackets into Simple Future Tense.
will go
1. Jack ____________ to the cinema tomorrow, if he finds a ticket. (go)
2. Sandy ____________
will write a novel about the problems of society. (write)
3. I _____________
will become a famous singer, if I work hard and create good music. (become)
will have
4. My friends _____________ an exam next week. I hope they will be successful. (have)
will go
5. Jane ______________ to school tomorrow, so you can’t find him at home. (go)
will do
6. According to scientists, robots _____________ the housework in 2100s. (do)
7. Dad ______________
will be home at 4 o’clock. We need to finish all the preparations until he comes. (be)
will iron
8. Mum ________________ the clothes two hours later. (iron)

1.6 Fill in the sentences with the present or past passive.

is spoken
1. English ________________________________ (speak) all over the world.
are caused
2. Many accidents _________________________ (cause) by dangerous driving.
are held
3. In the United States, elections for President ____________________ (hold) every four years.
was written
4. Originally the book _______________________ (write) in Spanish a few years ago.
was damaged
5. The roof of the building _____________________(damage) in a storm a few days ago.
6. A cinema is a place where films ________________
are shown. (show).
7. The battle of Hastings _____________________________
was fought (fight) in 1066.
are locked
8. The park gates _____________________________ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.
is shot
9. The film ________________________________ (shoot) under the supervision of the director.
10. Color films _____________________________
were introduced (introduce) in the late 1920s.
is worn
11. A black belt ______________________________ (wear) by judo masters.
was taken
12. The accused __________________________ (take) to court yesterday.
13. Children _________________________
are taught (teach) by parents and teachers.
are grown
14. Olives ____________________________ (grow) in Dalmatia.
PART 2: VOCABULARY PRACTICE
2.1. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word and change the form if necessary.
Voice Arise Consequence Reflective Improper
Unsuitable Relatively Feeds Implications

voice was cracking while he was giving a farewell speech during the ceremony.
1. His _________
perfectionist person but sometimes I feel like I might make poor decisions
2. I know I am a ____________
because of this when the deadline is close.
consequencesyou are going to face if you continue to act immature?
3. Are you aware of the ____________
4. My dog _________
chases my cat and each time I am shocked.
5. No, I do not agree with you. I believe there is nothing ___________
suspicious about this situation. They
are not working together anymore.
6. Many difficulties __________
arise when people don’t agree to work together and talk about their
problems.
hesitation
7. My sister did not deny that she was getting a surgery, but the ______________ was certainly
there.
8. The university uses a specific app to block ___________
inappropriatesites so that the students cannot go
on to them.
relatively small mistake. Maybe we can double check and see if it is crucial or
9. Well, it is a ___________
not.
2.1 Complete the sentences with the correct words above.
Speed Improve Data Efficient Virtual Reality Delayed

1. If you want to get a better job, you need to ________________your

improve level of English. It looks like
your level isn’t good enough to do business internationally.
speed
2. The ________________of the car was above the limits. Police stopped and fined the drivers.
responsible
3. Ahmet is a very ________________ worker. He comes to work and finishes his tasks on time.
canceled
4. Because of the bad weather conditions, all flights were ________________
Virtual reality
5. ________________ is getting popular these days. It has already been used in gaming and
entertainment.
applications
6. I think we can download ________________faster with the new technologies.

2.2 Complete the sentences with the correct words above. There is one extra word.
1. People started to work ________________a
virtually lot more, after the start of Covid-19. It is a great
advantage to work from home.
disadvantages
2. Living in a city has many advantages. However, it comes with many ________________as well.
applications
3. There are many ________________ that make our life easier. You can download them.
improve
4. We need to ________________an immediate campaign. We should do our best for human rights.
impact
5. The ________________ of climate change is huge on the world. Necessary precautions should be
taken immediately.
6. ________________factors
External should be taken into account. Our problems aren’t only related to our
workplace.
 2.3 Puzzle

Across Down
Justify 3. To provide an acceptable explanation for 1. Serving to defend or protect; proper for Defensive
Communicate 4. To express or convey ideas, either through defense; opposed to offensive
verbal or nonverbal means; to have 2. To make (something) visible Reveal
intercourse, to exchange information 5. relating to the watching of people or things, Observational
Humanitarian 7. Concerned with people's welfare; humane especially in order to learn something new
or compassionate 6. An action performed repeatedly and Habit
Convincing 8. If you describe someone or something as automatically, usually without awareness
______________, you mean that they make 9. To match something or someone which one Recognize
you believe that a particular thing is true, currently perceives to a memory of some
correct, or genuine. previous encounter with the same entity
Specifically 10. for a specific purpose or reason 11. not permanently, for a time Temporarily
Respondent13. an answerer in a suit or debate 12. The fact or act of surviving; continued
Uncertain 14. not known for certain; questionable existence or life Survival
PART 3: READING PRACTICE
Pre-reading Activity
Students discuss some human activities which are against environmental conservation like poaching,
deforestation, land encroachment and overgrazing and their effects like decline of species, air and
water pollution.

The Exploitation of Natural Resources

All of us, particularly the rural population, rely heavily on the natural resources of the country
for our livelihood. Conservation is not a pie-in-the-sky ideology.

Exploitation can have a positive and a negative meaning. When we use our natural resources,
we need to do so sustainably. We cannot reduce and destroy them.

For example, we need factories to create jobs. However, if factories pollute our air and water,
we are solving one problem, but creating another. Industries should find ways to deal with the pollution
from manufacturing processes. They are sometimes reluctant to do this, because it means extra
expenditure. If factories owners were eco-activists, they would save funds for the conservation of natural
resources.

The rapidly-increasing population is placing additional strain on our resources. Every year we
need more water, more land to be cultivated and more fuel for cooking. We also need more food to feed
the people and animals and more jobs. We can only satisfy these needs if we use our resources in a
sustainable way.

We must not pollute our water sources. We can prevent sewage pollution by building latrines
far away from water sources. We need to maintain efficient sewerage works in the cities. Fertilizers on
farms should be used with care so that they do not pollute water sources. We should cultivate land so
that it does not cause erosion. This will prevent soil and fertilizer from being washed away and polluting
the rivers.

Trees are cut down to provide fuel for cooking, charcoal and more land. Trees are the ‘lungs’ of
the earth, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Their roots also lock moisture in the soil. It
was clearly revealed that if we continue destroying trees, we will experience erosion and a build-up of
carbon dioxide. When trees are cut down, they must be replaced. But trees take a long time to grow. We
must control the removal of trees to prevent deforestation.

READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1.1 Read the text and answer comprehension questions:

1. How do industries contribute to the air pollution?

Industries contribute to air pollution by releasing pollutants from manufacturing processes. If factories
do not take measures to control emissions, they can contaminate the air and water.
2. How can the pollution of water by sewage be prevented in the rural areas?
Pollution of water by sewage in rural areas can be prevented by building latrines far away from water
sources and ensuring proper sewage management.

3. What is the importance of forests?

Forests are important because they act as the "lungs" of the earth, absorbing carbon dioxide and
releasing oxygen. Their roots also help retain moisture in the soil, preventing erosion.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

The main idea of the text is that natural resources should be used sustainably to prevent pollution,
deforestation, and resource depletion while meeting the needs of a growing population.
PART 4: WRITING PART-Post Reading Activity
Students reflect on the activities done for environmental conservation in their own countries by writing
a paragraph and presenting it to the whole class.
In my country, various initiatives have been implemented for environmental conservation. One of
__________________________________________________________________________________
the major activities is the widespread promotion of tree planting programs. Every year, many
__________________________________________________________________________________
organizations and schools organize tree-planting campaigns to combat deforestation and promote
biodiversity. Additionally, there has been a significant push for reducing plastic waste, with laws
__________________________________________________________________________________
being enforced to limit single-use plastics and encourage recycling. Many cities have introduced
__________________________________________________________________________________
waste separation systems, making it easier for people to dispose of waste responsibly.
Furthermore, renewable energy projects, such as solar power plants, are being established to
__________________________________________________________________________________
reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. While these efforts are a step in the right direction, continuous
awareness and cooperation from the public are crucial for sustaining these environmental
__________________________________________________________________________________
protection activities.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
PART 1: GRAMMAR PRACTICE
1.1 Rewrite the sentences in passive voice using modals.
1) Drivers must obey traffic regulations, as well as pedestrians.
Traffic regulations must be obeyed by drivers, as well as pedestrians.
___________________________________________________________________________
2) You should read the safety instructions.
The safety instructions should be read.
___________________________________________________________________________
3) You can store small packages in the overhead compartment.
Small packages can be stored in the overhead compartment.
___________________________________________________________________________
4) Passengers must fasten their seatbelts.
Seatbelts must be fastened by passengers.
___________________________________________________________________________
5) They should feed the dog once a day.
The dog should be fed once a day.
___________________________________________________________________________
6) The pupils must answer the questions.
The questions must be answered by the pupils.
___________________________________________________________________________
7) We should wash these dishes soon.
These dishes should be washed soon.
___________________________________________________________________________
8) Strong water can destroy this perimeter fence.
This perimeter fence can be destroyed by strong water.
___________________________________________________________________________
9) A molecular mimicry can cause a heart attack.
A heart attack can be caused by molecular mimicry.
___________________________________________________________________________
10) The builder must renovate the house.
The house must be renovated by the builder.
___________________________________________________________________________
11) You can prepare the dish from the night before.
The dish can be prepared from the night before.
___________________________________________________________________________
12) They should warn workers against the dangers.
Workers should be warned against the dangers.
___________________________________________________________________________
13) People can recycle the wastes, to protect the environment.
The wastes can be recycled to protect the environment.
___________________________________________________________________________
14) Jane can win the valorant tournament.
The valorant tournament can be won by Jane.
____________________________________________________________________________
1.2 Rewrite these sentences by using reported speech.
1. Tom: I am going to the cinema tomorrow with my friends.(said)
• Tom said that he was going to the cinema the next day with his friends
 2. “I worked as a teacher before becoming an actor”, she said.

• She said that she had worked as a teacher before becoming an actor.

3. Jenny: I don’t know how to upload my homework. (stated)

• Jenny stated that she didn’t know how to upload her homework.

4. “Daisy will come to Erin’s house when she‘s done with her work”, he said.

• He said that Daisy would come to Erin’s house when she was done with her work.

5. He had read “Fruit of the Lemon”, by Andrea Levy.

• He had read Fruit of the Lemon by Andrea Levy.

6. “We are not looking for a job right now”, they said.

• They said that they were not looking for a job at that time.

7. I have to attend this meeting in order to get a high grade.

• I said that I had to attend that meeting in order to get a high grade

1.3 Use Past Continuous Tense to fill in the blanks.

was talking was cleaning
1.She _______ (talk) with her friend, while he _______ (clean) the room.
was scratching
2.His cat Mia _______ (scratch) herself.
was driving was trying
3.While he_______ (drive), he_______ (try) to see pedestrians.
were focusing
4.They ________ (focus) on the essays that they were about to write.
was smoking were trying
5.Our manager_______ ( smoke), whilst we _______ (try) to organize folders.
 1.4 Match these sentences with transition words that are given below.
1.There are many ways to make new friends, A.Consequently
when one starts studying in university.
For instance
_______, one can join school clubs like
drama, chess and philosophy.

2. William Shakespeare is a famous B.However

playwright. He has written 37 plays in total.
In fact he was the main actor in Lord
_______,
Chamberlain’s Men.

3.Some people in London, mainly use C.Moreover

underground when they go to work.
Consequently,
_______,they do not have to lose time in
traffic.

4. I did not want to go to the library to study.

However
_______, all of my friends were willing to
study at the library. D.In fact

5. She is not excited to work with that E.For instance

company.Moreover
_______,she is really bored seeing
those people everyday.
PART 2: VOCABULARY PRACTICE
2.1 Match the words with their synonyms.
i
1) alternative (___) a) deficiency
j
2) outdated (___) b) popular
l
3) enhance (___) c) conventional
g
4) assist (___) d) entry
m
5) benefit (___) e) sovereign
a
6) default (___) f) uncover
7) install (___)
n g) support
d
8) access (___) h) inner strength
c
9) traditional (___) i) replace
f
10) expose (___) j) obsolete
e
11) autonomous (___) k) promote
b
12) trendy (___) l) increase
o
13) encourage (___) m) contribution
l
14) boost (___) n) set up
15) self-confidence (___)
h o) inspire
i
16) substitute (___) p) category, kind
s
17) valid (___) r) propose
18) variety (___)
p s) legal
r
19) offer (___) t) different
2.1 Match these words with their antonyms and find the hidden word

Previous Previous
p--------
Significant ----------e
Unity -i---------

Primary • --c----------

----
2.2 Fill in the blanks with the correct words in the box.

offer alternative variety outdated valid

enhance substitute assist self-confidence benefit

boost default encourage install trendy

access autonomous expose traditional

alternative
1) Even with space and equipment limitations, there are _______________ ways to organize a room.
outdated
2) It is a(n) _______________ and inefficient system, which is not appropriate for this type of work.
enhance
3) We are using technology to ___________________ our levels of service.
assist
4) You will be employed to ____________________ in the development of new equipment.
benefit
5) I hope that the decision taken today will be the ____________________ of a whole nation.
default
6) You can change the __________________ settings to suit your needs.
7) Security cameras have been __________________
installed in the city center.
8) _________________
Access to the services of these systems was extremely limited, often to an urban
population.
traditional
9) The restaurant offers a wide range of __________________ French food.
offer
10) The university should __________________ more facilities for disabled students.
exposes
11) The report _______________________ the weaknesses of modern medical practice.
12) The councils, which are locally ___________________
autonomous act as courts for the whole area.
trendy
13) He has a(n) _____________________ haircut and wears a dangling earring, but his accent is like
his father’s.
14) Jared was ____________________
encouraged to begin playing the guitar by his father.
boosted
15) Greater consumer access to the Internet has ________________________ electronic retailling.
16) Dan Reynolds, a(n) _________________________
autonomous engineer with twenty years’ experience in large
companies, was laid off in 1992.
17) The recipe says that you can ___________________
substitute yoghurt for sour cream.
18) Both certificates are _____________________
valid for three months and the ceremony must take place
in the distinct where notice has been given.
varieties
19) The French make many ___________________ of cheese, from both cows’ and goats’ milk.
offered
20) Chaldon was ___________________ a huge salary to become a team manager.
PART 3: READIND PRACTICE
Robots and Technology
Robots are mechanical devices which are operated by computers, but it’s not a good idea to see
robots just as devices. They are the symbols of the revolutions that are occurring in an industry, which
has a butterfly effect on economy, community and politics.

The earliest robots were used as toys. They weren’t functional and developed as much as their
contemporaries. However, modern robots can now perceive sound and instructions one may give.
Moreover, some of them can perceive your facial expressions, tone of voice and other reflection of
emotions such as anger or happiness, which makes them a crucial assistant in modern life. They are
trying to develop a robot that will be able to react to the things which make you happy or angry and
change what it does to make you happier. They are trying to manage this with the help of algorithm
technology.

It's not a dream anymore. Robots are available in our homes and can help with housework,
remind us of our schedule and even entertain our children. The most famous example of a domestic
robot is a robotic vacuum cleaner, which can vacuum all the house while you are at work. They can be
controlled remotely with the help of your mobile phone.

There are also some technologies which enable you to take control of your health. For example,
there are some applications and wearable technologies which assist you as a doctor. Apple, Samsung,
Xaomi and some other popular brands have developed some watches or electronic scales that calculate
your bodily movements, deficiencies, excessiveness or malfunctions. Therefore, it looks like robots are
going to replace some occupations to some extent.

As they are used in many different areas, robots are also used for transportation, handling and
quality control issues. Robots are becoming essential for most retailers and logistics companies.
Logistics companies are now using robots in warehouses and even on the streets to maximize time
efficiency, as they expect packages to arrive on time at an alarming rate. Currently, there are robots that
take goods off shelves, transport them across storage areas and finally pack them.
Consequently, development of new and more functional versions of robotic technologies helped
new markets occur in the economy. They are becoming popular day by day, so the demand is increasing
because of they are being practical and fast. They have already begun to affect the workforce of factories,
as human beings were replaced by robotic technologies, as a result; some political and social questions
have arisen. If robots can take over jobs, what will people do with their spare time and how will they
earn money?
 3.1According to the passage write the correct answer. True False

1. Robots, as technological devices, have a limited influence on other social False

areas.

2. New robots are by no means similar to the old ones. True

3. Hi- tech robots, which can perceive gestures, are under construction in
True
progress?

4. Nowadays robots are just available for industries. False

5. An electronic weighing machine can say a lot to you by calculating your True
weight.

6. Robots are not only used for transportation but also for packing. False

7. Robotic technologies aren’t trusted by manufacturers. False

8. Robots have both negative and positive consequences according to the text. True

Starry Night, 1889 Café Terrace at Night, 1888

Vincent Van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in a little town in South Holland. As a child,
he was genuine and delicate. He adored drawing and his work appeared ability, but no one encouraged
him to end up being an artist. Instead, his father told him he ought to take a sensible work, something
like a receptionist or carpenter. As a youthful grown-up, he wandered from work to work with small
victory and exceptionally small cash getting to be more discouraged with each disappointment. In March
1880, in any case, his 28th birthday something changed inside Van Gogh. He realized that he was
implied to be a painter and he started to study art in Brussels, accepting support from his brother Theo,
who helped him to live.

In 1886, Van Gogh moved to Paris trusting to learn more about color methods, being utilized by the
Impressionist artists there. Rather than grays and browns, his work began with blue and red and then
yellow and orange. Soon he started to see life in a different way: Go slow. Stop thinking. Look around.
You may see something wonderful on the off chance that you open yourself. These were the standards
that directed his craftsmanship. With his innovative color combinations, Van Gogh needed to appear his
viewers how to better appreciate a blossom, the night sky or a person’s face.

3.2 According to the passage, answer the following questions

1. Which statement is NOT true about Van Gogh’s teenage years?

a. He grew up in Holland.
b. His parents encouraged his artistic talent.
c. He was born in a small village.
d. He tried several jobs, but he was unsuccessful.
2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to You may see something wonderful on the off
chance that open yourself?
a. Think new ideas to get something nice.
b. You won’t be happy unless you let people control you.
c. If you stay connected with the world you will encounter beautiful things.
d. There’s no chance to escape from seeing awesome things.
3. What is the purpose of paragraph 1 (starting from line 2)?
a. To advise when Van Gogh was born.
b. To describe how Van Gogh became a painter.
c. To show that Van Gogh was a troubled man.
d. To show how Van Gogh survived on his own.

4. No one but Van Gogh’s father supported him to study arts. T/F
5. Van Gogh studied art with Impressionists in Paris. T/F
6. Van Gogh made it happen to study on Arts with the help of his brother. T/F
7. His way of thinking changed after Paris. T/F
 PART 1: GRAMMAR PRACTICE
1.1 Use the correct prefix & suffix on page 91to make a meaningful word.
motivation
motivation respectful respect
intermediateintermediate encourage
courage
count
illegal legal countable
sleep sleepy help helpful
comfort kind kindness
comfortable
1.2 Rewrite the sentences by changing nouns into verbs or vice versa.
1)This report gives an analysis of the problem of climate change and describes three potential
situations.
This report analyzes the problem of climate change and describes three potential situations.

2) Political candidates need to perform well during a TV debate.

Political candidates need to perform well during a TV debate.

3) The president did not give an explanation for the pardon of his business card.
The president did not explain his pardon for his business card.

4) Our city needs to assess recycling system.

Our city needs to assess the recycling system

5) We performed a review of the company’s annual reports.

We reviewed the company’s annual reports

6) The police investigated the robbery.

The police investigated the robbery.

7) The school’s drama club gave a performance of Romeo & Juliet on the second of June.
The school’s drama club gave a performance of Romeo & Juliet on the second of June.

8) The Japanese invaded Korea in 1592.

The Japanese invaded Korea in 1592.

9) There is a need for further study of this student’s financial aid program.
There is a need for further study of this student’s financial aid program.
10) This sentence illustrates the problems with nominalization.
This sentence illustrates the problems with nominalization.

11) I need a change in my life.

I need a change in my life.

12) We can’t understand what the professor means.

We can’t understand what the professor means.

PART 2: VOCABULARY PRACTICE

2.1 Circle the word that has a different meaning than the other words.
1. a) reveal b) disclose c) conceal d) uncover
2. a) ignore b) address c) emphasize d) highlight
3. a) restore b) destroy c) rebuild d) reestablish
4. a) relieve b) mitigate c) suffer d) relax
5. a)provide b) give c) consume d) contribute
6. a) encourage b) inspire c) hearten d) depress
7. a) disregard b) perceive c) realize d) recognize
8. a) self-esteem b) dignity c) humiliation d) respect
9. a) peculiar b) common c) distinct d) unique

2.2 Fill in the blanks with the correct words in the box.

reinforce peculiar relieve reveal restore

address self-esteem perceive provide encourage

1) He may be prosecuted for revealing secrets about the security agency.

2) The article addresses the advantages and disadvantages of living abroad.
3) She was hoping that the Mediterranean climate would restore her to full health.
4) Regular exercise can relieve depression and anxiety.
5) The sea wall at Southend is being reinforced with tons of cement.
6) The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipments.
7) Her parents encouraged her to cook an deven paid her to make dinner twice a week.
8) Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to be failures.
9) When I started seeing my therapist, I was suffering from low self-esteem
10) Glenn started acting peculiar after his wife’s funeral.
PART 3: READING PRACTICE

The Benefits of Music on the Body and Mind

Thanks to the effects of music on our organism, we can fight mental illnesses and even
improve some physical pains. The benefits of music have increasingly been recognized to such an
extent that the medical community uses it for therapeutic purposes. Let’s briefly explore the virtues of
music on the human body and mind.

Soft music plays a crucial role for the welfare of the human body and brain. Research has
shown that the effect of listening to soft music is a bit similar to having a yoga session in terms of
clearing the beneficiaries’ mind and helping them feel good. A simple explanation of this phenomenon
is that the choice of songs you listen to is very personal, it evokes unique sensations in you and it is
linked to your memories and your state of mind. For example, listening to the same tune that you listened
to on vacation will inevitably push you to make the connection with the state of well-being felt during
the vacation! This means that the type of music you listen to determines your state of mind at the time.

Listening to certain songs before bed can help you find more relaxing sleep and complete rest.
If you have trouble sleeping, make a list of calming songs and listen to them when you go to bed. Close
your eyes and breathe calmly. The choice of songs that make you feel relaxed and happy will make you
fall asleep faster and get better rest. This is just like what our mothers used to do to us when we were
children by singing lullabies to us to make us sleep.

Soft or classical music is soothing, slows heart rate, lowers blood pressure and even lowers
stress hormone levels. Also, if you listen to the music you like, it will fill your brain with dopamine.
Furthermore, while music can ease everyday anxiety, research has shown that it is especially beneficial
for people going through stressful events, like surgery.
3.1 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1. In terms of the welfare of the human body and brain, mention 2 effects of listening to soft music.
Soft music helps clear the mind.

2. Complete the following table to give advice to the person who has trouble sleeping
Kind of song Calming songs
 Time of listening
Before bed
Listener’ s preparation for effective listening
Close your eyes, breathe calmly
activity

3. What are the 3 soothing effects of soft or classical music mentioned in the text?
Slows heart rate
Lowers blood pressure
Lowers stress hormone levels

4. According to the last paragraph, what is the medical activity that needs music to help patients
for therapeutic purposes?

Music is especially beneficial for people undergoing surgery.

5. Briefly describe how soft music helps people who have trouble sleeping.
Soft music helps people who have trouble sleeping by making them feel relaxed and happy, which
enables them to fall asleep faster and get better rest.
PART 1: GRAMMAR
1.1 Form the sentences using past passive.
1. send / email / in 1971 / the first
The first email was sent in 1971
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Italian / Napoleon / the / by / design /flag

___________________________________________________________________________
The flag was designed by Napoleon in Italy.

3. wallet / give / him / by / not / John /the / to

The wallet was not given to him by John.

___________________________________________________________________________

4. animals / the / men / yesterday / two / wild / kill

Two wild animals were killed by men yesterday.

___________________________________________________________________________

5. the / Alexander Fleming / discover / in Scotland / in 1928 / Penicillin / by

Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in Scotland in 1928.
___________________________________________________________________________

6. invent / the / world wide web / Tim Barners-Lee / in 1989 /in England / by
The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in England in 1989.
___________________________________________________________________________

7. Children / rich families / of / send / not / to public schools

Children of rich families were not sent to public schools.

___________________________________________________________________________

1.2 Form questions using past passive.

1. When / the Blue Mosque / build / ?

When was the Blue Mosque built?

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Where / the Harry Potter movies / film / ?

Where were the Harry Potter movies filmed?
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why / the students / teach / at home / ?

Why were the students taught at home?
___________________________________________________________________________

4. The book / published / before /1900 / ?

Was the book published before 1900?
___________________________________________________________________________

1.3 Fill in the blanks with the linkers from the box. (One is extra).

In other words In addition As a result Therefore Yet Although In short

 Although
1.___________ I had some concerns about the company’s long-term sustainability, I chose to accept
entry-level position.

In addition
1. She stated that the film was quite expected. ____________, she could predict what would
happen in the end.
2. İstanbul often overwhelms me, while Ankara makes me bored sometimes. ___________,
In short I try
to live between two cities.
Yet
3. Many viewers have headaches as a result of 3D technology. ___________, the entertainment
business keeps making 3D films.
Therefore
4. Galatasaray’s players are all excellent footballers. ___________________, a number of them
seem to have a long history of playing together.
As a result
5. He injured his elbow. _______________, he will be unable to compete in the championship.

1.4 Complete the sentences with your own words.

2 I still haven't received a reply.
Although I sent an email to my teacher, ____________________________________.
3 I_______________________________________.
have a headache and nausea. In other words Therefore, Ali washed all the plates.
4 it still looks a bit messy due to the clutter.
I have a headache and nausea. In other words, _________________________________.
5 it still looks a bit messy due to the clutter..
I tidied my room. Yet, __________________________________________________.
6 she made some popcorn to enjoy
She found a good movie to watch on TV. In addition, _________________________ . while watching.
7 Although Jamie didn’t have much money,___________________________________.
he still managed to buy a gift for his friend
PART 2: VOCABULARY PRACTICE

2.1 Match the words with their definitions.

1. genius c
___ a. to give a prize
2. activist ____
d b. to make certain, fix,
b
3. confirm ____ c. one who has extraordinary mental capacity
f
4. tomb ____ d. one who is politically active in the role of a citizen
a
5. award ____ e. the action of trying at something
e
6. attempt ___ f. a small building for the remains of the dead
h
7. charity ___ g. a word for kindness and caring about how other people feel
8. compassion ___
g h. giving of money or other goods to the poor

2.2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold. You can make nouns,
positive or negative adjectives and adverbs.
confirmation
1. There has still been no official _______________________ of the report. (confirm)
2. Complete political ________________
unity is impossible to achieve. (unite)
 3. Our old car is badly in need of ___________________
replacement . (replace)
4. There is room for ___________________
further improvement in English. (far)
attempt
5. They made no ____________________ to escape. (attempt)
award-winningwinners. (award)
6. She will present the trophies to the _____________
2.3 Complete each sentence with the correct answer (a or b).
1. A ___________ act or person is cruel and violent.
a) brutal b) civilized
2. A sudden or forceful backward movement, a strong negative reaction refers to ______.
a) knight b) backlash
3. If someone __________ to an important position, they achieve it or are appointed to it.
a) ascends b) conquest
4. To recognize a truth and act accordingly refers to _______________________
a) acknowledge b) initiate
5. A ______________ means a victory gained through combat.
a) troop b) conquest
6. A system of providing water for plants by means of pipes and channels refers to_____
a) circulation b) irrigation
7. A peninsula is a body of land that is surrounded by water on _______________ sides.
a) three b) four
8. The science dealing with the _____________ of Earth – their distribution and movement on the
surface and underground.
a) waters b) lands

PART 3: READING PRACTICE

Continents of the World

Asia is the largest continent in the world. It has the largest land surfaces and the world's highest
population. Most people live on the Asian continent and the cities there are highly populated. This means
that Asia has the biggest cities such as Delhi, Tokyo, Shanghai and Beijing, which have millions of
people living there. Asia hosts a number of nations that appear on the list of the world richest countries.
For example Qatar, Saudi-Arabia, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates are among the richest countries
in the world due to their oil exploration and petroleum industry.

Oceania is the smallest continent of the planet. It includes Australasia, Polynesia, Micronesia
and Melanesia. This means that countries such as Australia, New Zealand and many islands to the north
and east of Australia in the Pacific Ocean are in this continent.

Africa is the continent that has the highest number of countries. There are 54 countries in the
African continent. Africa is referred to as the 'cradle of humankind'. This is because the oldest human
fossils such as skeletons and skulls have been discovered in this continent.
 North America is a continent that spans the northern and western hemispheres fully. It has 23
countries in total. The United States of America (USA), Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean islands are
examples of the countries of the North American continent. This continent has about 580 million people
living there. There is also the South America continent located in the western and southern hemisphere.
This is a home for 12 sovereign countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru,
Paraguay and others with a population of more than 400 million people.

Europe is a continent regarded as the wealthiest and richest in the world. This is mainly because
of its developed industrial sector. There are two world smallest countries on European land. These are
Vatican City located inside Rome/Italy and Monaco, a country bordered on three sides by France. Other
three European countries namely San Marino, Liechtenstein and Malta are included in the list of the ten
world smallest countries. Note that all other tiny countries outside Europe are located on islands!

Antarctica is the less populated continent in the world. Actually, it is a sparsely populated area
located in the earth’s southern hemisphere around the South Pole. Antarctica is a continent covered by
ice. It is said that 90% of the earth's ice is found on this continent. Unlike other continents, Antarctica
does not have any permanent settlements. It only accommodates research stations for scientists.

3.1 Reading Comprehension Questions

1. Read the text and say what you know about the population of these continents:
Asia has the world's highest population, with most people living on this continent
Asia: ……………………………….………………………………………………………………
North America: ……………………………………………………………………………………
North America has about 580 million people.
Antarctica is sparsely populated, with no permanent settlements.
Antarctica: ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. What are the first five smallest countries in the world?
The smallest countries: Vatican City, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Malta.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Which continent do they belong to?
……………………….........................................................................................................................
Vatican City, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, and Malta are all located in Europe.
Which continent do they belong to?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Africa is called ‘the cradle of humankind’ because the oldest human fossils, such as skeletons and
skulls, have been discovered there.
……………………………………………
3. Why is Africa called ‘the cradle of humankind’?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. How many continents does the earth have?
Earth has seven continents: Asia, Oceania, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Antarctica.
What are they?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
PART 1: GRAMMAR PRACTICE
1.1 Choose the most appropriate tense, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous
1. How many books…………………….have you bought (have you bought/have you been buying) from a bookstore
this year?
haven’t bought(haven’t been buying/haven’t bought) any books from a bookstore at all this year.
2. I ……………….
3. The science students …………………..
have downloaded(have been downloading/have downloaded) six books this
year.
4. E-books ……………………………
have changed (have changed/ have been changing) the way we read books.
5. Atatürk…………………
has established (has been establishing/ has established) a strong political, economic and
social system in Turkey.
6. How many English courses …………….. (have you taken/have you been taking) at this school?
have you taken
7. This diagram shows how the climate ………………….has changed. (has changed/has been changing).
8. Recently divers …………………..(have
have managed managed/ have been managing) to reach the reefs and take
photographs
9. Archaeologists in Guatemala …………..have found(have found / have been finding) a Mayan wall painting
which they think is more than 2,000 years old.
identified
10. Scientists ………………. (have recently identified / have recently been identifying) a new species
of animal in the rainforest of Borneo.
1.2 Fill in the blanks by using verbs with present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.
Have they arrived (they/arrive) yet?
1)………………………..
has run
2) Lucy ……………………. (run) 2000 meters today.
have been cleaning (clean) all morning. I am fed up.
3) I ………………………..
have drunk
4) I ………………………..(drink) more water recently and I feel better.
5) How many times ……………………(take)
have you taken this exam?
has it eaten
6) The baby’s face is really dirty. What ……………………….(eat)?
has eaten
7) He ……………………. (eat) six bars of chocolate today.
has been working
8) Iona is exhausted these days. She ………………….(work) too hard recently.
have been waiting
9) I ………………………….. (wait) three hours already
have been reading
10) I ……………………….(read) your book all day. It’s very interesting, but I’m only on chapter 2.
have lost
11) Help! I ………………………(lose) my wallet. How can I get home?
Have you finished
12) …………………………. (finish) your homework yet?
13) How long ………………………………(know)
have you known Simon?
have submitted (submit) their assignments. They are very
14) The students ……………………. already ………………….
happy.
15) I …………………………..(try)
have been trying to book a ticket to Antalya the whole day, but I couldn’t find one.
PART 2: VOCABULARY PRACTICE
2.1 Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box.

trip opened benefited Army explorer

interest travel hired Flight perception

Two famous explorers

benefited from the courageous explorers whose daring adventures

Throughout history, we have (1)……………..
opened
(2) ……………… new frontiers to us. Whether they set out to sail the seas, cross unexplored lands, or
take to the skies in flight, they changed our (3) ……………….
perception of the world. Vasco da Gama is one
such (4) ………………..
explorer He was the first European to sail from Europe (Portugal) around Africa to
India and back. In 1497, with four ships, he made the (5) ……………..
trip to India in 23 days.

Charles Lindbergh was an explorer of the skies who made the first solo (6) …………….flight across the
interest
Atlantic Ocean. As a young man, Lindbergh’s (7) ……………. was in aviation. He dropped out of
travel
college to (8) ………………. around the country performing airplane stunts for audiences at county
fairs. In 1924, he joined the (9) ………………
Army and received pilot training. Later, he was (10)
………………
hired to fly mail between St. Louis and Chicago.
2.2 Write the word forms of the words below.

Words Noun Verb Adjective

1.Contribute
2.Dominate
3.Maintain
4.Perform
5.Present
6.Promote
7.Release
8.Ruler
9.Concept
10.Crucial

PART 3: READING PRACTICE

Educating Like No Other
Gever Tulley is a California-based computer scientist. In 2005, he founded Tinkering School, a
summer program for youngsters. The concept was that through making things together, children may learn
crucial life skills. Gever Tulley and his staff assist the children in thinking large and developing strategies
for new projects. Since the beginning of the school, the students have created amazing things. They've
constructed a rollercoaster. Plastic shopping bags were used to construct a rope bridge. Tree houses, wooden
motorcycles and boats have all been created by them. Tinkering School provides students with a variety of
materials such as wood, metal, plastic, nails and ropes. They also receive a variety of real instruments,
including knives, hammers, screwdrivers and power drills. When using a knife or a hammer, some children
have cut themselves or damaged their fingers.

Tinkering School has been around for a long time, yet no one has ever been seriously injured during
that time. This is due to the fact that they must adhere to severe health and safety requirements. The children
are constantly taught how to use the tools safely and they must always dress appropriately. Gever Tulley's
ideas have proven to be quite successful. Over the years, many youngsters have attended his summer
schools. In 2011, Gever Tulley and a colleague decided to open Brightworks, a'real' school in San Francisco.
The school is small, with only 20 kids ranging in age from 6 to 13. Tinkering School and Brightworks are
both founded on the same principles. Brightworks has received a lot of press since its inception. The
majority of the articles were really good. They have praised the school's quality. They discovered that the
students are more motivated than those at many other schools. However, there have been critical voices
since the school's inception. Some have complained that the children at Brightworks are not learning
enough. They believe that students and professors are constantly 'playing around.' Brightworks students
appear to like their time there. Tina Cooper, 12, was interviewed. She began attending the institution in
October of last year. 'I've never sat in a 'regular' class with a teacher since I arrived here,' she explained.
"However, it's been a thrilling experience." I've been working hard at my new school for eight months and
there hasn't been a single moment when I've felt bored. Before, I was frequently bored.'
3.1 According to the reading passage, answer the following questions.
1. Who is the founder of the Tinkering School?
The founder of the Tinkering School is Gever Tulley

2. Why is the school called the Tinkering School? Write your opinion.
The school is called the Tinkering School because it focuses on teaching children through making things
together, where they 'tinker' with various materials and tools to build projects.
3. What does the text say about the safety at the school?
The text mentions that Tinkering School adheres to strict health and safety requirements to ensure the
safety of the children
4. What reactions have there been in the media towards Brightworks?
The media has had mixed reactions towards Brightworks. Most of the articles have been positive,
praising the school's quality and noting that the students are more motivated than those at many other
schools
5. What effect has the school had on Tina Cooper?
She enjoys the school and has never felt bored.

6. What kind of tools did the students have in the school?

Knives, hammers, screwdrivers, and power drills.

7. What does the text suggest by saying ‘real’ school?

A hands-on, practical learning environment.

 Cordoba’s Healer

The year is 1005. A woman is giving birth in the Andalusian city of Medina Azahara. She can see
the city's beautiful columns, fountains and finely polished marble terraces through the delivery room
window. Her heart is racing, as she realizes this may be the final time she sees them. She does, however,
have a lot of faith in her doctor.

Al-Zahrawi is the doctor's name, and he will be known as Abulcasis, one of the great pioneers of
surgery, in the later years. Al-Zahrawi's attention is currently concentrated on the difficult birth. He notices
that the baby must be rotated before proceeding with the tough birth. Before the infant may pass through
the birth canal, he notices that it must be rotated. He pulls a pair of forceps with a semicircular end from
his medical bag, a tool he invented himself to separate the fetus from the mother. He actually invented
forceps when he was just starting his medical career, about 50 years ago.

Between contractions, the desperate woman tries to inquire, "Will my kid live?" "Almost certainly,"
says the doctor. "Your son is in good health." But the next few moments are going to be difficult." The
woman is relieved to learn that her baby will survive, but the doctor cautioned that the pain will be
excruciating. It's so strong that she briefly loses consciousness, but she's quickly roused by her baby's
healthy cry.

The forceps are one of the 200 surgical devices described by Al-Zahrawi in Al-Tasrif, or The
Method of Medicine. Al-Zahrawi invented several of the equipment and techniques detailed in the book.
Al-Zahrawi, a doctor for the Spanish royal court at the height of the Muslim culture in Spain, was born in
Cordoba in 936. He acquired vast volumes of medical information based on existing texts and his personal
experience over the course of his long career.

Al-Zahrawi gathered all of his knowledge in Al-Tasrif. This book was a 30-volume compendium
of all medical knowledge at the time. The collection starts with fundamental topics. The book then goes on
to cover a wide range of issues, including food and nutrition, skin problems and toxins. Surgery is the final
subject and the longest volume. Treatments for head and spinal traumas are included, as well as ways for
amputating a limb without killing the patient.

The work likewise incorporates the world's most memorable representations of careful instruments,
like blades, scissors and forceps. A large number of the instruments look intimately acquainted today. Al-
Zahrawi's apparatuses were useful for treating conditions, for example, bone sicknesses, bladder stones and
wounds. They were valuable in labor. One of Al-Zahrawi's most significant inverntions was the utilization
of catgut for closing up a patient’s inside after a medical procedure. Catgut is serious areas of strength for
that can break down normally in the body. Today, still at times, is utilized in medical procedures.
 Al-Zahrawi expounded on his instruments and techniques to impart his insight to other people,
including specialists who came after him. Nonetheless, he definitely could never have anticipated how his
work would instruct and illuminate specialists hundreds of years after his demise. There was just a solitary
manually written duplicate of Al-Tasrif. It was nearly lost during an assault on the area in 1010, when
numerous structures and reports were obliterated. Luckily, the work was saved. Over the course of the
following a very long while, it was passed from one individual to another. Ultimately, Al-Tasrif was
converted into Latin from its unique Arabic. Over four centuries after they were composed, portions of the
work were at long last imprinted in 1471.

The printed interpretation spread Al-Zahrawi's information throughout Europe. There, it affected
medication and medical procedure. The Method of Medicine was utilized as a manual for medical
procedures in clinical schools for a really long time. Al-Zahrawi's heritage can in any case be seen in a
significant number of strategies and apparatuses utilized in current medical clinics. He keeps on being
viewed as the "father of present day medical procedure."

3.1. According to the reading passage, answer the questions below.

1. What is the general idea of the text?
The text discusses Al-Zahrawi, a pioneering surgeon, and his contributions to the field of surgery, including
the invention of forceps and his influential medical text, Al-Tasrif.
2. In which year is the birth happening?
The birth is happening in the year 1005.

3. What is the doctor’s name?

The doctor's name is Al-Zahrawi, also known as Abulcasis.

4. What did the doctor invent?

The doctor invented forceps, a tool used to assist in childbirth.

5. Which conditions were they treating?

They were treating conditions such as bone diseases, bladder stones, wounds, and issues related to
childbirth.
6. How does the reading passage begin?
The passage begins with a description of a woman giving birth in the Andalusian city of Medina Azahara,
with a focus on her faith in her doctor, Al-Zahrawi
7. Why do you think the writer started the passage this way?
The writer likely started the passage this way to engage the reader with a dramatic and personal scenario
that highlights the significance of Al-Zahrawi’s work and his innovations in surgery.
8. Think about the invention not being invented at the time, what would happen differently in 2022?
If forceps hadn’t been invented at the time, modern medicine would likely rely on other tools or techniques
for childbirth, such as cesarean sections, or the procedures might be less efficient, with higher risks for both
mother and child.