Ambient Intelligence and IoT: and patients).
Health data is transmitted
Remote HealthCare Monitoring securely to the cloud, where it is stored,
using IoT analysed, and made accessible through a
mobile/web dashboard. Alerts are generated if
Aysha Mahlula.A.R [1] abnormal values are detected.This paper
highlights the benefits of IoT-based remote
[24082100801412002], II MCA
monitoring, including improved patient
Kamaraj College (Autonomous), Tuticorin-3.
outcomes, reduced hospital visits, and better
Jeyasri. B [2]
chronic disease management. It also addresses
[24082100801412008], II MCA
challenges such as device interoperability,
Kamaraj College (Autonomous), Tuticorin-3.
data privacy, and system scalability. Future
[3]
Jeya Selvakumari.S
enhancements may involve integrating
Assistant professor, Department of Computer Science
machine learning algorithms for predictive
diagnostics and automated health
Kamaraj College (Autonomous), Tuticorin-3.
recommendations.
Abstract
Remote healthcare monitoring using the Keywords: Wearable sensors, Predictive
Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the diagnostics, Vital Signs Monitoring, Patient
delivery of medical services by enabling real- Health data, Telemedicine.
time, continuous observation of patient health
parameters outside of clinical environments.
The proposed system integrates wearable
sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud services
I Introduction
to monitor vital signs such as heart rate,
RPM technologies enable patients to receive
temperature, oxygen saturation, and blood
real-time medical care while remaining in
pressure. These devices transmit data
their preferred location. World Health
wirelessly to a centralized platform accessible
Organization calls on its member nations to
by healthcare providers, allowing timely
create a long-term plan for creating and
intervention and remote care. The system
deploying RPM systems across several
architecture comprises three key layers: the
healthcare domains at the Fifty-eighth world
sensing layer (wearable medical sensors), the
health assembly. For the benefit of
network layer (communication modules like
communities, it is therefore vital and required
Wi-Fi or GSM), and the application layer
to create an e-Health infrastructure that is
(cloud servers and user interfaces for doctors
accessible, equitable, and reasonably the advantages of wearable technologies in
priced. Current remote patient monitoring continuous, non-invasive monitoring.
systems use rule-based algorithms or threshold Communication technologies such as
values for the heart rate and vital signs Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Wi-Fi, Zigbee,
measurements. Research on providing and LoRaWAN are commonly used, with
healthcare services through wearable sensors, each having trade-offs in range, bandwidth,
remote sensors, laboratory testing, and and energy efficiency [3](Li et al., 2019).[6]
physiological parameter monitoring has been Data is often transmitted to cloud servers for
extensive. Early intervention and the detection analysis, but edge computing is increasingly
of early disease symptoms are made possible used to reduce latency and enhance privacy
by telemedicine and remote patient monitoring (Zhang et al., 2020).[10]AI and machine
(RPM) technology, which can increase learning play a critical role in analyzing health
healthcare coverage. A global health data and identifying anomalies. Alazab et al.
emergency in 2019 brought to light the (2021)[9] demonstrated the use of deep
healthcare sector's shortcomings and learning for early disease detection. However,
problems, including the need for in-person [7][8] challenges remain, particularly in
visits, a low doctor-to-patient ratio, and the ensuring data security and privacy. Granjal et
possibility of respiratory illness al. (2015) emphasized the need for lightweight
+transmission. As a result, remote monitoring encryption for resource-limited devices.
replaces the standard healthcare OS.
II Literature review
III System Architecture
The integration of IoT into healthcare, known
as[4][5] the Internet of Medical Things 3.1 Architecture of a healthcare monitoring
(IoMT), has revolutionized patient care by system"A global network of interconnected
enabling real-time remote monitoring. A objects uniquely addressable, based on
typical IoT-based healthcare system includes standard communication protocols" is the
sensors for data collection, communication definition of the Internet of Things (IoT). The
protocols, cloud/edge computing for Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm where
processing, and data analytics for diagnosis. machines, computing devices, items, and
Wearable devices such as smartwatches and people can all be uniquely identifiable and
biosensors are widely used to[2] monitor vital communicate and exchange data without the
signs like heart rate, blood pressure, and need for direct human intervention. Three
SpO2.[1] Majumder et al. (2017) highlighted
primary sections comprised the system: through satellite or internet-enabled devices.
3.2.1 Body Sensors :Wearable medical sensors Cloud services store, analyse , and manage
that are affixed to the patient's body comprise health data using AI and analytics tools. This
this layer. These sensors keep an eye on enables real-time access and sharing of health
important physiological characteristics like information with healthcare providers.
heart rate, ECG motion, temperature, and 3.2.3 Alerting Side: Based on the data
pulse oximeter (SpO₂). analysis, the system triggers alerts to various
3.2.2 Communication Layers: Data from the stakeholders if abnormal conditions are
sensors is transmitted to a local processing detected: Emergency Services – Automatically
device, such smartphone, laptop. The local notified in case of critical health anomalies.
devices acts as a gateway and communicates Immediate Family – Informed about the
via a wireless or wired network. The patient’s health status .
processed data is transmitted to the cloud
Fig. 1 Architecture of healthcare
monitoring system
Table.1 Sensors Used to Detect Vital Signs
Sensor IV Methodology
Parameter Purpose large volumes of health data efficiently.
Temperature Body
Remote Healthcare -Detects Systems
Monitoring fever or Methodology: Cloud computing platforms
Sensor Temperature hypothemia
(RHMS) integrated with the Internet of Things
-Monitors for signs provide scalable storage and computing
of illness
(IoT) have revolutionized modern healthcare power. Fog/Edge computing reduces latency
SpO2 Sensor Blood Oxygen -Monitors oxygen
by enabling continuous,
Saturation real-time monitoring
level in the blood by processing data near the source. Use of big
-Detects
of patients outside hospital environments. The data frameworks (e.g., Hadoop) for batch
Respiratory Issues
core methodologies
ECG Sensor Electricalinvolved in an real
-Provides IoT-time processing and analytics.
enabled RHMS Activity of the ECG signal
are as follow 4.3 Alerting and Notification Systems:
heart -Detects heart
4.1 IoT-Based Sensing and Data Acquisition:
disease or cardiac Objective :To notify stakeholders of abnormal
Objective: To collect real-time abnormalities
physiological health conditions promptly. Methodology:
and
Heart environmental
rate Activity of data fromthe resting
the -Tracks the Rule-based alerts triggered when a parameter
Sensor heart
patient .Methodology :Useandofactive heart rate
wearable, exceeds a defined threshold.AI-based
-Detects the
implantable, or ambient IoT-enabled sensors
abnormalities contextual alerts that consider patient history,
to monitor parameters such as Heart rate, activity, and environment. Notifications sent
ECG, blood pressure,SpO₂,glucose levels, via: SMS, mobile apps, emails to inform
temperature. Sensor nodes are embedded with emergency services or caregivers. Combining
microcontrollers, wireless modules, and power edge analytics with historical data helps in
sources. Examples: Smartwatches. reducing false alarms and improves contextual
4.2 Cloud and Fog Computing for Storage and interpretations
Processing: Objective: To store and analyse
.
V. Results and Discussion VI Conclusion and Future Work
Experiments were carried out to gauge the IoT-based RHMS methodologies form a
accuracy of vital sign detection, data robust framework for personalized, predictive,
transmission dependability, and alert and preventive healthcare. These systems
production efficiency in order to assess the bridge the gap between patients and healthcare
efficacy of the suggested Internet of Things providers through intelligent sensing, reliable
(IoT)-based Remote Healthcare Monitoring communication, real-time analytics, and
System (RHMS). The outcomes show that the secure data handling, transforming healthcare
system's capacity to remotely monitor patient into a connected ecosystem.Future work will
health is very accurate and consistent. focus on automated error detection, and
Combining edge analytics with historical data integration with machine learning
helps in reducing false alarms and improves models to enhance adaptive monitoring
contextual interpretation.
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