For
7 Examiner’s
Use
5 A student has been asked to determine the linear acceleration of a toy car as it moves down
a slope. He sets up the apparatus as shown in Fig. 3.1.
1
d
Fig. 3.1
The time t to move from rest through a distance d is found for different values of d. A graph of
d (y-axis) is plotted against t 2 (x-axis) as shown in Fig. 3.2.
120
100
d / cm
80
60
40
20 Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
t 2 / s2
Fig. 3.2
For
8 Examiner’s
Use
(a) Theory suggests that the graph is a straight line through the origin.
Name the feature on Fig. 3.2 that indicates the presence of
(i) random error,
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) systematic error.
...................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) (i) Determine the gradient of the line of the graph in Fig. 3.2.
gradient = ........................................... [2]
(ii) Use your answer to (i) to calculate the acceleration of the toy down the slope.
Explain your working.
acceleration = ........................................ m s–2 [3] Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
11
For
27 A girl stands at the top of a cliff and throws a ball vertically upwards with a speed of 12 m s–1, Examiner’s
as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. Use
path of
ball
Fig. 3.1
At the time that the girl throws the ball, her hand is a height h above the horizontal ground at
the base of the cliff.
The variation with time t of the speed v of the ball is shown in Fig. 3.2.
20
–1
v/ms
10
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
t/s
–10
Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
–20
–30
–40
Fig. 3.2
12
For
Speeds in the upward direction are shown as being positive. Speeds in the downward Examiner’s
direction are negative. Use
(a) State the feature of Fig. 3.2 that shows that the acceleration is constant.
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use Fig. 3.2 to determine the time at which the ball
(i) reaches maximum height,
time = ………………………………. s
(ii) hits the ground at the base of the cliff.
time = ………………………………. s
[2]
(c) Determine the maximum height above the base of the cliff to which the ball rises.
height = …………………………… m [3]
(d) The ball has mass 250 g. Calculate the magnitude of the change in momentum of the
ball between the time that it leaves the girl’s hand to time t = 4.0 s.
Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
change = …………………………… N s [3]
13
For
(e) (i) State the principle of conservation of momentum. Examiner’s
Use
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Comment on your answer to (d) by reference to this principle.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]
Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
22
For
313 A student investigates the speed of a trolley as it rolls down a slope, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1. Examiner’s
Use
speed sensor
trolley
Fig. 2.1
The speed v of the trolley is measured using a speed sensor for different values of the time t
that the trolley has moved from rest down the slope.
Fig. 2.2 shows the variation with t of v.
2.0
v / m s-1
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
t/s
Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
Fig. 2.2
23
For
(a) Use Fig. 2.2 to determine the acceleration of the trolley at the point on the graph where Examiner’s
t = 0.80 s. Use
acceleration = ………………………… m s–2 [4]
(b) (i) State whether the acceleration is increasing or decreasing for values of t greater
than 0.6 s. Justify your answer by reference to Fig. 2.2.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Suggest an explanation for this change in acceleration.
...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Name the feature of Fig. 2.2 that indicates the presence of
(i) random error,
...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) systematic error.
Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
32
For
18
4 A car is travelling along a straight road at speed v. A hazard suddenly appears in front of Examiner’s
the car. In the time interval between the hazard appearing and the brakes on the car coming Use
into operation, the car moves forward a distance of 29.3 m. With the brakes applied, the front
wheels of the car leave skid marks on the road that are 12.8 m long, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1.
position of car
skid mark
when hazard appears
29.3 m 12.8 m
Fig. 2.1
It is estimated that, during the skid, the magnitude of the deceleration of the car is 0.85 g,
where g is the acceleration of free fall.
(a) Determine
(i) the speed v of the car before the brakes are applied,
v = …………………… m s–1 [2]
(ii) the time interval between the hazard appearing and the brakes being applied.
Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
time = ……………..…………. s [2]
33
For
(b) The legal speed limit on the road is 60 km per hour. Examiner’s
Use both of your answers in (a) to comment on the standard of the driving of the car. Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
Compiled nd rearrnged by Sjit Chandra Shakya
