1. What was the finding of Hershey and Chase?

(a) The viral infecting agent is RNA. (b) The viral infecting agent is DNA.
(b) The viral infecting agent is protein. (d) The T2 virus has RNA as its genetic material.
2. Hydrogen bonds occur between which of the following constituents of DNA?
(a) sugar and base (b) phosphate and base (c) complementary bases (d) phosphate and sugar
3. In 1957, Meselson and Stahl concluded from their studies that
(a) DNA replicates conservatively (b) DNA replicates semiconservatively
(c) DNA replicates dispersively (d) DNA does not replicate
4. Replication is continuous in
(a) the leading strand (b) the lagging strand
(c) the strand where okazaki fragments are present (d) both the strands
5. DNA duplication or multiplication is called
(a) transcription (b) translation (c) transaction (d) replication.
6. Which one is correct?
(a) DNA replication occurs before mitosis, meiosis and amitosis.
(b) The polarity of DNA template on which leading strand forms is 3' —» 5'.
(c) The products of gene may be rRNA, tRNA and mRNA.
(d) All of the above
7. A large cluster of ribosomes is called
(a)megasome (b)microsome (c)oligosome (d) polyribosome
8. Which of the following RNA polymerase catalyses the formation of transfer RNA in eukaryotes?
(a) RNA polymerase I (b) RNA polymerase II
(c) RNA polymerase I and II (d) RNA polymerase III
9. Part of DNA which switch their positions are called
(a)cistrons (b) transposons (c)exons (d)introns
10. Transcription refers to the
(a) transfer of genetic code or sequences of DNA into RNA
(b) formation of DMA from RNA
(c) formation of protein
(d) polymerisation of RNA in cell-free system
11. The transforming substance of pneumococcus in Griffith's experiment was
(a) protein (b)RNA (c)DNA (d) polysaccharide
12. Nonsense codon is responsible for
(a) elongation of polypeptide chain (b) termination of protein synthesis
(c) putting a wrong amino acid (d) hydrolysis of GTP
13. Which one is not applicable in respect of genetic code?
(a) Overlapping (b) Redundancy (c) Degeneracy (d) Univers ty

Biology 108
14. One gene one enzyme hypothesis was proposed by
(a) Jacob and Monod (b) Watson and Crick (c) Garrod and Jenson (d) Beadle and Tatum
15. Ligase is an enzyme required for
(a) proofreading (b) joining DNA bits (c) breaking of DNA (d) renaturation of DNA
16. The chain-terminating codon is
(a) AUG (b)CCC (c)UAG (d)GGG
17. In one strand of DNA the sequence of bases is AAATGGCCCTT, then the complementary sequence of bases on
the other side of the strand would be
{ajATATGGCCCCA (b)TTTACCGGGAA (c)TTTTGGCCAM (d)TTTTGGCCCAA
18. In bacterial chromosome
(a) there is one origin of replication (b) there are multiple sites of replication
(c) there is no repair of DNA (d) replication is very slow;
19. What is the distance between two base pairs in the double helix model of DNA?
(a)0.34nm (b)34nm (c)5A° (d)10A°
20. What is a codon?,
(a) agroupofthreedeoxyribonucleotides (b) a group of three ribonucleotides
(c) a unit of mutation (d) a group of four ribonucleotides
21. Generally only one strand of DNA is transcribed. This strand is called
(a) A strand (b) B strand (c) sense strand (d) template strand
22. The chain initiating codon is
(a)AUG (b)UAG (c)UAA (d)UUA
23. Out of 64 codons how many of them code for amino acids?
(a)§4 (b)20 (c)61 (d)32
24. The difference in A, B and Z forms of DNA lie in
(a) base sequences' (b) parallelism of chains (c) hydrogen bonding (d) internucleotide distances
25. In 1928 Frederick Griffith showed that the hereditary material can pass from one type of bacteria into another
through a process called
(a)transduction (b) invasion (c) recombination (d) transformation
26. DNA replication requires
(a) DNA polymerase only (b) DNA ligase only
(c) RNA polymerase and translocase (d) DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
27. In 1868 DNA was discovered by the Swedish biochemist
(a)Feulgen (b)Luria (c) Mirsky (d) Friedrich Miescher
28. Which one of the following synthesizes a represser protein?
(a) Regulator gene (b) Promoter gene (c) Structural gene (d) Operator gene
29. Which is true according to Chargaff s rule?

(a) A = C b)G = T (c)A+G = T + C (d) -.

30. The terms cistron, recon and muton were proposed by

(a)Benzer (b) Morgan (c)Lederberg (d) Johansen

Biology 109
31. Enzyme required for transcription is
(a) DNA polymerase (b) RNA polymerase (c)RNA-ase (d)endonuciease
32. Synthesis of DNA from RNA template occurs in
(a) reovirus (b) rous sajcoma virus (c)T2 (d) TMV
33. Watson and Crick proposed the model of DNA structure in
(a) 1943 (b) 1953 (c)1963 (d)1965
34. How many pairs nucleotides are present in one turn of DNA helix?
(a) 4 (b)8 (c)9 (d) 10
35. If in a DNA molecule cytosine is 18%, the percentage of adenine would be
(a) 18% (b)32% (c)36% (d)64%
36. RNA that picks up specific amino acid from amino acid pool of cytoplasm to carry it to ribosome during protein
synthesis is
(a) mRNA (b)tRNA (c)rRNA (d)gRNA
37. Nucleotide base present in DNA and not in RNA is
(a) cytosine (b)thymine (c)uracil (d)guanine
38. Information transfer from RNA to DNA is called
(a) replication (b) reverse transcription (c) translation (d) transcription
39. Initiation of polypeptide chain takes place through
(a) methionine (b) lysine (c) leucine (d) glycine
40. In operon model, RNA polymerase binds to
(a) structural gene (b) operator gene (c) promoter gene (d) regulator
41. Isotopes used in proving semiconservative replication of DNA were
(a)14N14C (b)14N15N (c) 14N 31P (d)14C31P
42. Bacterial nucleoid has
(a) one single-stranded DNA (b) one double-stranded DNA
(c) two single-stranded DNA (d) many double-stranded DNAs
43. Genetic code translates the languagespf
(a) RNA into that of protein (b) RNA into that of DNA
(c) amino acids into that of RNA (d) protein into that of DNA
44. Regulator gene controls chemical synthesis (operoh system) by
(a) inhibiting substrate enzyme action
(b) inhibiting transcription of mRNA
(c) inhibiting passage of mRNA
(d) inhibiting enzymes
45. DNA is present in
(a) mitochondria (b) nucleus (c) chloroplast (d) All of these
46. DNA duplex shows
(a) left handed and parallel coiling (b) left handed and antiparailel coiling
(c) right handed and parallel coiling (d) right handed and antiparailel coiling
47. Experimental evidence supporting concept of triplet genetic code was first provided by
(a) Watson (b) Crick (c) Michaelis and Menten (d) Beadle and Tatum
Biology 110
48. The site of tRNA that binds to mRNA is
(a) codon (b)anticodon (c) 5’ end (d) 3’ end
49. Triplet codon refers to sequence of three bases oh
(a)tRNA (b)rRNA (c)mRNA (d) alil of these
50. The functional unit of gene that specifies synthesis of one polypeptide is
(a)muton (b)recon (c)cistron (d) codon
51. Which of the following sugars is found in RNA?
(a) Hexose (b) Fructose (c)Ribose (d) Glucose
52. Nucleic acids are polymers of
(a) nucleotides (b) nucleosides (c) amino acids (d) nucleoproteins
53. Reverse transcription was discovered by .
(a) Beadle and Tatum (b) Watson and Crick (c) Khorana (d) Temin and Baltimore
54. The flow of information from DNA to mRNA and then to proteins is called
(a) transcription (b) translation (c) genetic code (d) central dogma
55. Which is required for protein synthesis?
(a) Initiation codon (b) GTP (c) Peptidyi transferase (d) All of these
56. Circular ONA is found in
(a) viruses (b) bacteria, chloroplast and mitochondria
(c) chloroplast and mitochondria alone (d) all of these
57. Okazaki fragments are formed during
(a) transcription (b) translation (c) replication (d) transduction
58. Termination of polypeptide chain is brought about by
(a) UUG,UAGandUCG (b)UCG,GCGandACC (c) UAA, UAG and UGA (d)UUG, UGCandUCA.
59. The process of translation relates to
(a) DNA synthesis (b) RNA synthesis (c) ribosome synthesis (d) protein synthesis
60. Escherichia co//with completely radioactive DMA was allowed to replicate in nonradioactive medium for two
generations. Percentage of bacteria with radioactive DMA is
(a) 12.5% (b)25% (c)50% (d)100%
61. Which of the following in Laning SSRNA ?
(a) TMV (b) T2-bacterioplage (c) Pox virus (d) F × 174
62. Genetic material of retrovirus is-
(a) DNA (b) RNA (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
63. Protein coat of a virus in called-
(a) virus (b) copsid (c) copsomeres (d) Cell wall
64. Viruses parasiting in bacteria are-
(a) Bacteriophages (b) Phytophages (c) Cyanophages (d) Bacterio-viruses
65. Viriods differe from viruses in-
(a) Naked DNA molecules
(b) Naked DNA packaged in viral genera
(c) Naked RNA molecules
(d) Naked RNA with protein coat
Biology 111
66. Whose experiments cracked the DNA and discovered unequirocally that a genetic code in a triplet ?
(a) Nierenberg and Mathei (b) Margon and Sturtevant (c) Fieshey and chose (d) Beadle and Tatun
67. mRNA direct the building of proteins through a sequence of-
(a) Axons (b) Intions (c) Codons (d) Anticodom
68. How much of DMA base sequence among humans is same?
(a) 50% (b)80% (c)99.9% (d)3.4%
69. Tryptophanoperonof£sc/?erfc/)/aco//is
(a) a repressive system (b) an inducible system (c) an unregulated system (d) monocistronlc
70. What is a split gene?
(a) A gene with a crack in it
(b) A gene which has no promoter
(c) A jumping gene
(d) A gene whose entire sequences are not retained in the mature RNA
71. A gene that takes part in synthesis of polypeptide is
(a) regulator gene (b) promoter gene (c) operator gene (d) structural gene
72. Genes that are involved in turning on or off the transcription of structural genes are called
(a) redundant genes (b) operator genes (c) regulator genes (d) polymorphic genes
73. Operator gene of lac-operon is turned on when lactose molecules bind to
(a) represser molecule (bjpromotersite (c)mRNA (d) regulator gene
74. The end product of a metabolic pathway may bind a repressor to make the latter active enough to bind to the
operator, in which case the end-product is called
(a)inducer (b) accelerator (c) corepressor (d) aporepressor
75. Restriction endonuclease enzymes are used in genetic engineering because they
(a) are proteolytic enzymes which degrades harmful proteins
(b) can cut DNA at variable sites
(c) can cut DNA at specific base sequence
(d) can join DNA fragments
76. Feed back repression can be seen in
(a) all operons (b) lac operon (c) tryptophan operon (dj none of these
77. Wild type Escherichia coli growing on medium having glucose is transferred to lactose containing medium. Which
one of the following change will occur? . .
(a) The bacterium stops dividing (b) All operons are induced
(c) Lac operon is suppressed (d) Lac operon is induced
78. The promoter allows
(a) binding of DMA polymerase (b) binding of repressor
(c) binding of RNA polymerase (d) folding of structural genes
79. The smallest gene affected by mutation is
(a)exon (b)muton (c)cistron (d)recon
80. The external supply of tryptophan in Escherichia coli brings about
(a) switching on of lac operon (b) switching off of lac operon
(c) switching on of tryptophan operon (d) switching off of tryptophan operon
Biology 112
81. How many structural genes are present in the tryptophan operon?
(a) two (b) three (c)four (d)five
82. Lac operon and tryptophan operon are the models of gene expression in
(a) bacteria (b) viruses (c) eukaryotes (d) all of these
83. Pre-mRNAorhnRNAfouhdineukaryoticcellis-
(a) formed as result of a replication of DMA
(b) formed due to the transcription of entire length of a gene
(c) a new species of genetic RNA '
(d) result of transcription of only introns
84. The genes present in host cells and viruses which cause cancer are
(a)oncogenes (b) pro to-oncogenes (c) house-keeping genes (d) reverse transcriptase
85. The transcription of lac operon is controlled by
(a) promoter (b) only by regulator (c) operator and promoter (d) operator; prbmoter and
regulator
86. The tryptophan bperon is transcribed
(a) when there is plenty of tryptophan in the cell, (b) when there is no tryptophan in the cell
(c) when lactose is present (d) even without RNA polymerase
87. The lac operon consists of
(a) one structural gene (b) three structural genes (c) four structural genes (d) five structural genes
88. An operon is a
(a)cistron (b) protein (c)gene
(d) group of regulated stfucturargenes which controls related functions
89. In operon model, regulator gene functions as
(a) represser (b) regulator (c) inhibitor (d) all of these
90. Introns are part of DNA which
(a) code for protein synthesis (b) do not code for protein synthesis
(c) initiate transcription - (d) help in joining pieces of DNA
91. Transgenic plants are developed by
(a) introducing gene mutation (b) introducing foreign genes
(c) stopping spindle formation (d) introducing chromosomal mutation
92. . Viruses possess
(a)RNA (b)DNA (c)RNAorDNA (d) neither RNA nor DNA
93. In split genes, the coding sequences are called
(a)introns (b)exons (c)cistrons (d) operons
94. Lac operon is-
(a) a set of overlapping genes (b)repressible operon
(c) inducible operon (d)arabinose operon
95. In Escherichia coli, lac operon is induced by
(a)l-gene (b) promoter gene (c) lactose (d) p-galactosidase

Biology 113
96. Operon model of gene regulation in prokaryotes was proposed by
(a) Beadle and Tatum (b) Messelson and Stahl (c) Jacob and Monod . (d) Wilkins and Franklin
(c) I-D, II-CJII-AJV-B (d)l-BJI-CJII-AJV-D
97. Clumn I Column II
I. Operator site (A) Binding site for RNA polymerase
II. Promoter site (B) Binding site for represser molecule
III. Structural gene (C) Codes for enzyme protein
IV. Regulator gene (D) Code for represser molecules
The correct match is
(a)I- BJI-AJII-CJV-D (b)l-BJI-AJII-DJV-C
(c)l-DJI-CJII-AJV-B (d)l-BJI-CJll-AJV-D
98. At one point as a cell carried out its day-to-day activities, the nucleotides GAT were paired with the nucleotides
CUA. This pairing occurred
(a) in a double-stranded DNA molecule. (b) during translation.
(c) during transcription. (d) when an RNA codon paired with a tRNA antico^on
99. Column I Column II
I. S'AUGS' (A) segment of DNA
II. RNA with introns and Exon (B)Chromatin
III. Gene (QHn-RNA
IV. Nucleosomes (D) Initiation codon
The correct match is
(a)l- DJI- BJII-AJV-C (b)l-BJI-AJH-DJV-C
(c)l-D, II-CJII-AJV-B (d)l-BJI-CJII-AJV-D
100. A particular '___ carry the Information for making a particular polypeptide, but ______ can be used to make any
polypeptide.
(a) gene and ribosome... a tRNA and an mRNA (b) gene and mRNA... a ribosome and a tRNA
(c) ribosome and mRNA... a gene and a tRNA (d) gene and tRNA... a ribosome and an mRNA
101. For transcription RNA polymerase attaches to the
(a) regulator (b)cofactor (c) represser (d) promoter
102. Imagine an error occurring during DNA replication in a cell, so that where there is supposed to be a T in one of the
genes there is instead a G. What effect will this probably have on the cell?
(a) The amino acid sequence of one of its kinds of proteins will be completely changed.
(b) An amino acid will be missing from each of its kinds of proteins.
(c) One of its kinds of proteins might contain an incorrect amino acid.
(d) An amino acid will be missing from one of its kinds of proteins.
103. Column I Column II
I. mRNA (A)tRNA
II. Anticodon (B) Codon
III. Semiconservative mode of DMA Replication (C) Transformation
IV. Griffith (D)Meselson&Stahl
The correct match is
(a)I- DJI- BJII-AJV-C b)l-BJI-AJII-DJV-C
(c)l-DJI-CJII-A, IV-B (d)l-BJI-CJII-AJV-D

Biology 114
104. DNA-
A. acts as genetic material in ail cellular organisms
B. was discovered by F. Miescher who named it as "Nuclein".
C. Is acidic in nature D. Cannot be digested by DNAase
(a)A,C (b)A, B,C, D (c),B, C, D (d)A, B, C
105. A. At the time of Mendel, the nature of the 'factors' regulating the pattern of inheritance was very clear.
B. The determination of complete nucleotide sequence of human genome during last 2 decade has set in a new
era ofgenomics.
C. In double stranded DNA
D. DNA Is acid but DNA aseis not enzyme
(a)A,C (b)A,B,C,D (c)B,C,D (d)A,B,C
106. A transcription unit in DNA consists of
A. A promoter B. The structural gene C. A terminator D. None
(a)A,C (b)B,D (c) D (d) A, B, C
107. Column I Column II
I. Griffith (A)Nucleoid
II. Hershey and Chase (B) Active chromatin
III. ProkaryoticDNA (C)Transduction
IV. Euchromatin (D) Transformation
The correct match is
(a) I- B.ll- A, III-C, IV-D (b) I-C, II-A, HUD, IV-B
(c)l-D, II-C, III-A, IV-B (d) JI-B.II-C.III-A, IV-D
108. Which of the following is true?
A. 'Operon hypothesis' was proposed by Jacob and Monod.
B. .'One gene-one enzyme theory'was proposed by Beadle and Tatum.
C. 'Southern blotting1 is used in DMA fingerprinting.
D. Uracil bases remain present in DMA.
(a)A,C (b)A,B,C,D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C
109. DNA replication needs
(a) RNAprimer (b) DNA template (c) dNTPs (d) All are correct
110. Cauliflower mosaic virus has-
(a) ssRNA (b) ss DNA (c) ds DNA (d) dsRNA
111. Repressor protein in produced by-
(a) Regulator gene (b) Operator gene (c) Structural gene (d) Promotor gene
112. Column I Column II
I. Exon (A) Noncoding sequence
II. Intron (B) Nirenberg, Khorana and Mathaei
III. Genetic code (C) Nucieosome
IV. DNA package (D) Coding sequence
The correct match is
(a) I- B.ll-A, III-C.IV-D (bJI-BJI-AJII-DJV-C
(c)l-D, II-AIII-B, IV-C (d)I-B.II-C.tll-A.IV-D

Biology 115
113. A sequence of three RNA base can function as -
A. Codon B. gene C. anticodon D. nucleosides
(a)A, C (b)A, B, C, D (c) B, C, D (d) A, B,C
114. A. Both DNA and RNA are able to mutate:
B. RNA being unstable, mutates at a faster rate
C. RNA is also known to be catalytic, hence reactive
D. The presence of thymine at place of uracil confers additional stability tcfbNA.
(a) All are correct (b) All are incorrect
(c) Only A, B and P are correct (d) Only D is correct
115. Protein synthesis involves
A. transcription B. translation C. transversion D. translation
(a)A,B (b)A, B,C, D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C
116. The structure of DNA is characterized by
(a) Right-handed double helix &antiparallel strands (b) Right-handed single helix
(c) Right-handed double helix and parallel strands (d) left handed double helix and parallel strands
117. A nucleosome consists of -
A. RNA B. Protein C. Histone octame D. 200 bps long DNA
(a)C,D (bJA.B.C.D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C
118. The structures in chromatin seen as 'bead-on string' when viewed under electron microscope are called:
(a) Nucleotides (b) Nucleosides (c) Histone octamers (d) Nucleosomes
119. In DNA you find which type(s) of bond
A. Phosphodiester B. Phosphoester C. Hydrogen D. Glycosidic bond
(a)C,D (bJA.B.C, D (c)B,C,D (d)A,B,C
120. It is nonsense to think that DNA has -
(a) 4 types of nitrogenous base (NB) (b) 2 types of NB
(c) 3 types of NB (d) 6 types of NB
121. Column I Column II
I. Termination (A) Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
II. Translation (B) Okazaki fragments'
III. Transcription (C) GTP dependent release factor
IV. DNA replication (D) RNA polymerase
The correct match is
(a) I- B.ll- A, III-C, IV-D (b) I-C, II-A, III-D, IV-B
(c)l-D, ||-C, III-A, IV-B (d) l-B.II-C.III-A.U'-D
122. Adenosineis
(a) a nitrogenous base (b) a nucleotide (c) a ribonucleoside (d) a ribonucleotide
123. A. Taylor et al used radioactive thymidine in root tip of we/a faba (Broad Bean) and proved that chromosome
replicates semiconservatively . .
B. In eukaryotes replication of DMA takes place in S-phase of the cell cycle.
C. A failure in cell division after DMA replication results into polyploidy.
D. Crick pointed out that DMA replicates semiconservatively but first proof for it came from the experimentof
Biology 116
 Meselson and Stahl who used 15NH4CMn E coli
(a) All are correct ' (b) All are incorrect (c) Only D is correct (d) A and D are correct
124. Which one/ones is/are false for DMA replication?
(a) Ori is a definite region in DMA where replication starts.
(b) Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) serve as substrates as well as source of energy for
polymerization.
(c) Both leading and lagging strands are synthesized in 3' -> 5' direction.
(d) replication of DNA is responsible for continuity of life on earth.
125. In the lac oeron the structural genes are switched off when-
(a) Repressor binds to operator (b) Repressor binds to pramotor
(c) Repressor binds to regulator (d) Repressor binds to inducer
126. DNA replication includes-
(a) DNA ligase (b) DNA polymerase and ligase
(c) RNA polymerase (d) All of the above
127 Column I Column II
I. AUG (A) Jacob and Monad
II. UAA (B)Transposons
III. Operon model (C) Chain terminating codon
IV. Jumping gene (D) Methionine
The correct match is
(a) I- B.ll- A, III-C, IV-D (b)l-B, II - A, III-D, IV-C
(c)l- DJI-C, III- A, IV-B (dJI-B.II-C.lil-A, IV-D
128. Which of the following las single ring structure
(a) Uracil (b) Thymine (c) Aderine (d) Grarine
129 Column I Column II
I. Genome of 9x174 bacteriophage (A)Ribozyme, RNAase
ii. Purine (B)5386Nuc!eotid€S
III. Catalytic RNA (C) Adenine & Guanine
IV. Any chemical change in DNA (D) Mutation
The correct match is
(a) I-D, II-B, III-A, IV-C (b) I-B, II-A, III-D, IV-C
(c) I-D, II-C, III-A, IV-B (d) I-B, II-C, III-A, IV-D

130. Nature of DNA replication is-

(a) Semi-conservative (b) Non-conservative (c) Conservative (d) Dispersive

131. Semi-comervative mode of DNA replication was first reposted in in E-coli with the Lelp of N15 heavy nitrogen by-
(a) Kornbery and ochea (b) Limia and Delbruck (c) Meselson and statil (d) Watson and crick

Biology 117
132. Column I Column II
I. Splicing (A)Lacoperon
II. Okazaki fragments (B) lagging strands
III. Jacob and Monad (C) Lactose
IV. Inducer (D) removals of intron
The correct match is
(a)I- DJI- BJII-AJV-C (b)l-BJI-AJII-DJV-C
(c) I-DJI-C, III-A, IV-B (d)l-BJI-CJII-AJV-
133. Intron is -
A. coding sequence B. Non-coding sequence
C. Character of Prokaryotic genome D. Character of eukaryotic genome
134 Column I Column II
I. Helicase (A) Joining of nucleotides
II. Gyrase (B) Opening of DNA
III. Primase (C) Unwinding of DNA
IV. DNApolymeraselll (D)RNA priming
The correct match is
(a) I- B.ll- A,III-C,IV-D (b) l-B.II-Alll-D.IV-C
(c)l-D,ll-C, III-A.IV-B (d) (dH-B.II-C.III-D, IV-A
135. In chromosome, DNA is associated with -
A. Negatively charged proteins B. Positively charged proteins
C. Neutral proteins D. NHC protein
(a)B,D (b)A,B,C, D (c) B, C, D (d) A, B, C
136. Heterochromatin -
A. Is more densely packed B. Is stains dark
C. Is transcriptionally active D. Is transcriptionally inactive
(a) A,C (b) A, B.C.D (c)B,C,D (d)A, B,D
137. DNA replication -
A. is semiconservative B. Is bidirectional
C. takes place in 5' —> 3' direction. D. is semidiscontinuous
(a)B,.D (b)A,B,C,D (c) B, C, D (d) A, B, C
138. Which one of the following triplet code in comectly matched with its specificity for an amino acid in protein
synthesis or as start or 'stop' signal-
(a) uuu-stop (b) uau-Levcie (c) uAg-Tyrosine (d) uca-start
139. The difference(s) between mRNA anq1 tRNA is/ are that -
A. mRNA has more elaborated 3-dimensional structure due to extensive base-pairing
B. tRNA has more elaborated 3-dimensional structure due to extensive pairing.
C. tRNA is usually smaller than mRNA
D. mRNA bears anticodon but tRNA has codons.
(a)A,C (b)A,B,C,D (c) B, C (d)A,B,C

Biology 118
140. Genetic code consists of -
A.adenineandguanine B. riboflavinandATP C. cytosine and guanine D. cytpsine and uracil
(a) A, C, D (b) A, D (c) B, C, D (d) A, B, C
141. A ribotidein made up of-
(a) Adenine + Dcoxyribose + Phosphate (b) Chacil + Ribose + Phosphate
(c) Thymine + Ribose + Phosphate (d) Chacial + Deoxylibose + Phosphate
142. Which one / ones did not affect the transformation?
A. DNAase B. RNAase C. Peptidase D. Lipase
(a)A,C (b) A, B.C.D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C
143. Euchromatin is -
A. loosely packed B. Stains light C. Transcriptionally active D. Early replicating
(a)A,C (b)A, B.C.D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C
144. DNApolymerase-
A. is the main enzyme for RNA synthesis B. Is DNA dependent DNA polymerising hormone
C. Is highly efficient enzyme # D. Is catalyses reaction with high degree of accuracy.
(a)C,D (bJA.B.C.D (c) B, C, D (dJA.B.C
145. Antiparallel relationship of the two strands of DMA refers to the -
(a) Strands being the opposite of parallel - they are twisted.
(b) Strands providing alternate branching
(c) One strand runs in 5' -» 3' and other in 3' -> 5' direction
(d) Both strands run in 5'-> 31 direction
146. DNA repairing is done by-
(a) Ligase (b) DNA polymerase I (c) DNA polymerase II (d) Both (a) and (b)
147. DNA is a double Lelix and-
(a) Complenentary and parallel (b) Complenertary and antiparallel
(c) Without supercoils (d) Ahoays circular
148. Anticodan in present an-
(a) rRNA (b) tRNA (c) mRNA (d) mtRNA
149. Which are of the following makes use of RNA as a template to synthesis DNA ?
(a) Reverse transcriptase (b) DNA deperdent RNA polymerase
(c) DNA polymerase (d) RNA polymerase
150. The phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides are called -
(a) Backbone of DNA (b) Steps of DNA (c) Imidazole (d) Hydrophofcte attraction
151. In 1953 Jame Watson and F. Crick proposed Double Helix model of DMA and got Nobel Prize their mode! of DNA
was based on -
A. X-ray diffraction of DNA produced by M. Wilkins and R. Franklin
B. Griffith's experiment.
C. Harshey - Chase experiment
D. Chargaffs rule of base equivalence (A + G / T + C = 1)
(a) A, D (bJA.B.C.D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C

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152. In one polynucleotide chain of a DNA molecule the ratio of A + T / G + C is 0.3. What is the A + G / T + C ratio of
the entire DNA molecule
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.6 (c) 1.2 (d) 1
153. Nucleic acids are made up of
A. nitrogenous bases B. amino acids C. sugar D. phosphate
(a)A,C,D (b)A,D (c)B,C,D (d)A,B,C
154. E-coli about to replicate was placed in a medium containing radioactive thynidine for 5 minutes. Then it was made
to replicate in a normal medium. Which of the following abservations will be conect-
(a) Both the strands of DNA will be radioactive (b) One strand radioactive
(c) Each stand half radioactive (d) Name of radioactive
155. The chemical knives of DNA are-
(a) Ligases (b) Polymerases (c) Endonucleases (d) Transcriptase's
156 DNA is methylated at-
(a) A-residue (b) g-residue (c) T-residue (d) C-residue
157. Polymorphism in DNA sequence
A. is the basis of genetic mapping of human genome B. arises due to mutation
C. is the basis of DNA finger printing D. None
(a)A,C (b)A,B (c)D (d)A,B,C
158. In human-
A. Non-coding DNA is the most abundant.
B. The function of more than 50% discovered genes are unknown.
C. Less than 2% of genome codes for protein
D. Total number of genes is 30,000.
(a) A, C (b) A, B, C, D (c) B, C, D ' (d) A, B, C
159. The human genome consists of over ______ base pairs
(a) 1 million (b) 3 billion (c) 46 billion (d) 3.6 million
160. A. In eukaryotes there are atleast three RNA polymerase
B. Hn RNA has both exons and introns
C. Hn RNA is formed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
D. Any mistake in DNA replication may cause mutation.
(a) All are correct (b) All are incorrect (c) Except C, all are correct (d) Only D is correct
161. Satellite DNA
A. Is classified in many categories such as micro-satellites, rninisatellites, etc on the basis of base composition
length of segments and number of repetitve units.
B. Normally does not code for any protein
C. Shows polymorphism
D. Forms the basis of DNA finger printing.
(a)A,C (bJA.B.C.D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C

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162. Following is the schematic structure of transcription unit having some important components indicated by A, B, C,
D and E. In which of four option the components are identified correctly - -

163. The experimental proof for DNA as genetic material comes from
A. transformation B. transduction C. conjugation .D. mutation
(a)A,C (b)A, B.C.D (c)C,D (d) A,B
164. Go through the following diagram of Nucleosome (structural unit of chromatin). Identify its componental parts
indicated by A, B and C-

165. Nucleosome contains

A. RNA B. DNA C. histones D. all of these
(a)A,C (b)A,B, C, D (c) B, C (d)A, B,C
166. The current estimate of the number of genes in the human -
(a) Is based on the number of genes in the fruitfly (b) Has not changed from previous estimate
(c) Has increased greatly from previous estimate (d) Has decreased greatly from previous estimates.
167. In prokaryotes, gene regulation occurs at the level of-
(a) Transcription (b) Translation (c) Post transcription (d) Post translation
168. Transcription is most similar to -
(a) Chemiosmosis (b) DNA replication (c) Translation (d) Transposition

169. In eukaryotes the gene expression is regulated at-

A. Transcriptional level B. Processing level
C. Transport of mRNA from nucleus to the cytoplasm D. Translation^ level
(a)A,C (b)AfB,CID (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C

Biology 121
170. Characteristic(s)ofmostDNAis/are
A. A pairs with T by 2 hydrogen bonds. B, Antjpolarity of complementary chains
C. 20A°diamater D. 10bps/turn
(a)A,C (b)A,B, C, D (c) B, C, D (d)A, B, C
171. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about tRN A?
A. It binds to DNA, initiating translation B. It has a greater molecular weight than mRNA
(X It transfers the code from the nucleus to cytoplasm D. There is atleast one form for each kind of amino acid.
(a)A,C (b)A,B,C,D (c) B, C, D (d)A, B, C
172. Which of the following is/are correctmatching(s)
Codon Amino acid
r r
A. AGU Serine
r y
B. UAC Tyrosine
r
C. AUG* Methionine
D. 'GUG3* V ne
(a)A,C (b)A,B,C,D (c) B, C, D (dJA.B.C
173. Transcription needs -
A. DNA template B. NTPs C. RNA polymerase D. Sigma & Rho factors
(a)A,C (b)A,B,C,D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C

174. The function of the promoter is to signal RNA polymerase as to -

A. where to stop transcribing the DNA B. where to start transcribing the DNA
C. which strand of the DNA to be read D. None
(a)B,C (b)A,B,C,D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C
175. Termination of protein synthesis needs
A. 6>AUGycodon B. "QUO3*
C. Stop signal / Non-sense codon D. Release/termination factor
(a)A,C (b)A, B.C.D (c)C,D (d)A,B,C
176. A translational unit in mRNA includes-
A. Start codon
B. Stop codon
C. Untranslated regions (UTR)
D. Coding sequence is located between the start codon arid termination codon
(a) A,C (b)A,B,C,D (c) B, C, D {d)A,B,C
177. Which one is nonsense codon?
A. UUA B. UAA C. UAG D. UGA
(a)A,C (b)A, B.C.D (c) B, C, D (d)A, B, C
178. Split genes include
A. pset'doalleles B. transposons C.exons D. introns
(a)A,C (b)A,B,C, D (c) C, D (d) A, B, C

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179. Complete the central dogma of molecular basis of inheritance (by Crick) -

(a) A- Replication, B -Transcription, C - Translation (b) A- Replication, B - Termination, C -Translation

(c) A - Replication, B - Translocation, C - Translation (d) A - Replication, B - Transposition, C – Translation
180. Which one is correct?
A. DNA cannot produce its copies without DNA polymerase.
B. DNA cannot produce RNA.
C. RNA can produce complementary DNA / cDNA
D. DNA helps in protein synthesis
(a)A,C,D (b)A, B, C, D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C
181. A cell is grown in a solution containing radioactive nucleotides, so that its DNA is labeled with radioactivity. It is
removed from the radioactive solution and grown in a normal medium, so that any new DNA strands it makes will
not be radioactive. In the normal medium, the cell replicates its DNA and divides. The two daughter cells also
replicate their DNA and divide, producing a total of four cells. If a dotted line represents a radioactive DNA strand
and a solid line represents a nonradioactive DMA strand, which of the following depicts the DNA of the four cells?

182. Certain molecular processes are given in column A. Provide the terms given to these processes in column B after
selecting them from terms : recombination, gene regulation, prokaryotic transcription, eukaryotic transcription,
translation, replication, gene transfer, DNA finger printing.
Column A Column B
(i)DNA ——— »DNA ................................
(ii)DNA- —— -»hnRNA ................................
(Sii)mRNA —— '• — > Protein ................................
(iv) Represser protein + Operator .................................
No transcription
(a) (i) - Replication, (ii) Transcription, (iii) Translation, (iv) Gene regulation
(b) (i) - Replication, (ii) Gene transport, (iii) Translation, (iv) Gene regulation
(c) (i) - Replication, (ii) Transcription, (iii) Gene regulation, (iv) Translation
(d) (i) - Replication, (ii) DNA finger printing, (iii) Translation, (iv) Gene regulation
183. Genetic code is
A. triplet B. degenerate C. nonambiguous D. universal
(a) A, C (bJA.B.C.D (c) B, C, D (d)A,B,C

Biology 123
184. Which of the following statements is correct about Human Genome Project -
(a) To develop ways of mapping the human genome at increasing fine level of precision
(b) To store this information in databases and develop tools for data analysis
(c) To address the ethical, legal and social issue that may arise from this project
(d) All of the above
185. Name the types of synthesis A and B occurring in the replication fork of DNA as shown below:

(a) A- Continuous synthesis (synthesis of leading strand); B - Discontinuous synthesis (Synthesis of lagging strand).
(b) A- Discontinuous synthesis (synthesis of leading strand); B - Continuous synthesis (Synthesis of lagging strand).
(c) A- Continuous synthesis (synthesis of lagging strand); B - Discontinuous synthesis (Synthesis of leading strand).
(d) A - Discontinuous synthesis (synthesis of lagging strand); B - Continuous synthesis (Synthesis of leading strand).
186. Refer to the following diagram which shows the synthesis of part of a protein molecule.

The DNA strand from which mRNAj was synthesised is-

(a)GAACTGGACCCT (b) CTTGACCTGGGA (c) GMCUGGACCCU (d)CUUGACCUGGGA

187. Refer to the following diagram which shows the synthesis of part of a protein molecule.

Which of the following is the first part of the protein molecule that would be translated from mRNA2? start of
protein

Biology 124
188. Given below are two statements (A and B) each with some blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the
blanks in the statements :
Statements:
A. The ribosome consists of structural ___ and about 80 different _____________ In its inactive state, it exists as
_____ subunits. There are two sites in the large subunit, for subsequent amino acids to bind to and thus, be close
enough to each other for the formation of a _____ bond. The ribosome also acts as a catalyst (23S rRNA in
bacteria is the enzyme _______) for the formation of peptide bond.
B. A translational unit in _______ is the sequence of RNA that is flanked by the start codon (AUG) and the stop
codon and codes for a polypeptide. An mRNA also has some additional sequences that are not translated and are
referred as untranslated regions (UTR). The UTRs are present at both 5'-end (before start codon) and at 3*-end
(after stop codon). They are required for efficient _______ process.
Options:
(a) A - (i) RNAs, (ii) proteins, (Hi) two, (iv) peptide, (v) ribozyme B-(i) mRNA, (ii) translation

(b) A - (i) proteins, (ii) RNAs, (iii) two, (iv) peptide, (v) ribozyme B - (i) mRNA, (ii) translation

(c) A - (i) RNAs, (ii) proteins, (iii) two, (iv) peptide, (v) ribozyme B - (i) mRNA, (ii) transcription

(d) A - (i) RNAs, (ii) proteins, (iii) two, (iv) peptide, (v) cytozyme B - (i) mRNA, (ii) translation

189. Read the sequence of the nucleotides in the given segment of mRNA and the respective amino acid sequence in
the polypeptide chain.

PdypeptideMet—Phe—Met—Pro—Val—Ser
(i) Triplet bases (codons) for (a) V ne (b) Proline, •
(ii) Nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand from which this mRNA was transcribed.
(iii) Last codon of this RNA stand for.
The correct answer to the question (i), (ii) and (iii) are
(a) (i) V ne. GUU Proline. CCU, (ii) TAG AAATAC GGACAAAGAATT, (iii) Stop.
(b) (i) V ne. GGU Proline. CCU, (ii) TAG AAATAC GGA CAAAGAATT, (iii) Stop.
(c) (i) V ne. GUU Proline. CCC, (ii) TAG AAATAC GGA CAA AGA ATT, (iii) Stop.
(d) (i) V ne. GUU Proline. CCU, (ii) ATG TTTATG CCT GTTTCTTAA, (iii) Stop.
190. The fact that the genetic code is almost universal in living organisms is considered to be evidence that all
organisms
(a) are evolutionary related (b) are genetically identical
(c) have the same sequence of anticodons (d) none of the above

Biology 125
191. Circular DNA is found in
A. viruses B. bacteria C. mitochondria D. chloroplasts
(a)A,C (bJA.B.C.D (c)B,C, D (d)A, B,C
192. Similarity between DNA and RNA is that both have
A. adenine B. guanine C. thymine D. cytosine
(a)A,C (b)A,B,C, D (c) B, C, D (d) A,B, D
193. DNA replication involves
A. unwinding oftielix B. transcription C. formation of primer strand D. translation
(a) A, C (b) A, B, C, D (c) B, C, D (d) A, B, C
194. A free transfer RNA molecule can combine with
(a) one specific amino acid only, (b) any available amino acid,
(c) three different amino acids. (d) a chain of amino acids.
195. A mRNA template is
(a) translated from protein,. (b) transcribed into protein (c) translated in DNA (d) transcribed from DNA.
196. Strand X in the diagram shows a small part of a nucleic acid molecule.

Which pair of the following strands are complementary to strand X?

(a) I and III (b) II and IV (c) I and II (d) III and IV
197. Listed below are the stages in the cellular synthesis of a protein.
1 movement of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm
2 linking of adjacent amino acid molecules
3 transcription of mRNA from a DMA template
4 formation of the polypeptide chain
5 attachment of the mRNA strand to a ribosome.
In which order do these stages take place?
(a) 13254 (b) 15342 (c) 31524 (d) 34125

Biology 126
198. The following diagram is the polynucleotide chain. Identify A, B, C, 0 and E.

199. The diagram of the lac operon from E. coli is shown below. Each letter indicates its components may be used more

Which of the following option is correct in respect of the letters and their functions -
(a) C - the binding site for the represser protein, B - the binding site for RNA polymerase, D - the structural genes,
A - the gene that codes for the represser protein.
(b) A- the binding site for the represser protein, B - the binding site for RNA polymerase, C - the structural genes,
D - the gene that codes for the represser protein.
(c) A- the binding site for the represser protein, D - the binding site for RNA polymerase, B - the structural genes,
C - the gene that codes for the represser protein.
(d) D - the binding site for the represser protein, C - the binding site for RNA polymerase, B - the structural genes,
A - the gene that codes for the represser protein.

200. Which one of the following correctly represents the manner of replication of DMA?

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201. The structure of one nucleotide is shown below.

Which of the following diagrams shows two nucleotides correctly joined together?

202. Using code dictionary select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in the following table.

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203. Find the sequence of binding of the following amino acyl-t RNA complexes during translation to a m-RNA
transcribed by a DNA segment having the base sequence 3'TACATGGGTCCG5'.

Choose the answer showing, the correct order of alphabets.

(a)a,b,c,d (b)b,a,c, d (c) a, b, d, c (d)b,a,d,c
204. The diagram represents part of a DNA molecule.
What would be the appearance after semi-conservative replication had occurred?

205. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase made a big contribution in proving DNA role as the hereditary molecule. The
experiment is shown in the diagram. A and C are the presence or absence of radioactivity detected in cells B and
D are the presence or absence of radioactivity detected in supernatants ceils, identify A, B, C and D –

.
(a) A - No Radioactivity (35S) detected in cells; B - Radioactivity (32P) detected in supernatant; C - Radioactivity
(35S) detected in cells; D - No Radiactivity in supernatant
(b) A- Radioactivity (^S) detected in cells; B ~ No Radioactivity (35S) detected in supernatant; C - Radioactivity
(32P) detected in cells; D - No Radiactivity in supernatant
(c) A - No Radioactivity (35S) detected in ceils; B - Radioactivity (35S) detected in supernatant; C - Radioactivity
(32P) detected in cells; D - No Radiactivity in supernatant
(d) A- No Radioactivity (35S) detected in cells; B - Radioactivity (35S) detected in supernatant; C - No Radioactivity
(32P) detected in cells; D - Radioactivity in supernatant

Biology 129
206. In the following diagram of the lac operon, an operon for inducible enzymes, Identify components and enzymes -

207. The following events occur in the replication of DNA:

1 bonds between complementary bases break
2 bonds between complementary bases form
3 DNA molecule uncoils
4 opposite strands separate
5 sugar-phosphate bonds form
6 free nucleotides gn with complementary nucleotides on each strand In which order do these events take
place?
(a) 136425 (b) 3 1 4 6 2 5
(c) 3 6 1 4 5 2 (d) 4 3 1 6 5 2
208. A shorthand method of representing part of a single strand of DMA is shown opposite.
Which of the following shows the correct positions of the phosphate (P), sugar (S) and base (B) molecules?

209. Observe the following tRNA molecules with their anticodon pairing with respective codons. Which types of tRNA is
not possible-

(a)T1andT2 (b)T1,T2andT3 (c)T1andT4 (d)T3,T4andT5

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210. Complete the accompanying flow chart of DNA finger printing.

(a) 1 - Restriction endonuclease; 2 - Electrophoresis; 3 - Nitrocellulose

or nylon; 4 - Labelled VNTR probe; 5 -Autoradiography
(b) 1 - Electrophoresis; 2 - Restriction endonuclease; 3 - Nitrocellulose
or nylon; 4 - Labelled VNTR probe; 5 -Autoradiography
(c) 1 - Restriction endonuclease; 2 - Electrophoresis; 3 - Labelled
VNTR probe; 4 - Nitrocellulose or nylon; 5 -Autoradiography
(d) 1 - Restriction endonuclease; 2 - Electrophoresis; 3 - Nitrocellulose
or nylon; 4 - Autoradiography; 5 - Labelled VNTR probe
211. Three types of RNA involved in comprising the structural and functional core for protein synthesis, serving as a
template for translation, and transporting amino acid, respectively, are-
(a) mRNA, tRNA, rRNA (b) rRNA, tRNA, mRNA (c) tRNA, mRNA, rRNA (d) rRNA, mRNA ,tRNA
212. Avery, MacLeod and Me Carty used the S (virulent) and R (avirulent) strains of D. pneumococci. They isolated
and purified proteins, DNA; RNA, carbohydrates and lipids from the S strain. They treated the living avirulent R
strain with each of these chemicals and Identify the transforming principle (DNA).

Identify the type of bacteria (A to D) -

213. The discovery of retroviruses and their mechanism of replication required scientists to rethink the "Central Dogma"
of molecular biology. What diagram would represent an appropriate adjustment to this Central Dogma diagram?

214. Frederick Griffith conducted experiments testing the virulence of two strains of Streptococcus (R-strain and S-
strain). His experiment had four specific "treatments" to it. Treatment 1, he injected mice with the R-strain and the
mice lived. Treatment 2, he injected mice with the S-strain and the mice died. Treatment 3, he injected mice with
heat-killed S-strain and the mice lived. Treatment 4, he injected mice with heat-killed S-strain mixed with R-strain
and the mice died. Which treatment in his experiment is considered the experimental treatment?
(a) Treatment 3 is the experimental treatment (b) Treatments 1 and 2 are experimental treatments,
(c) Treatment 1 is the experimental treatment. (d) Treatments 3 and 4 are the experimental treatments.

Biology 131
215. The following diagram refers to the process of transcription in Eukaryotes. Identify A, B, C and D -

Messenger RNA (m RNA)

(a) A - RNA polymerase II, B - Exon, C - Intron, D - Poly A tail
(b) A- DNA polymerase II, B - Intron, C - Exon, D - Poly A tail
(c) A - RNA polymerase II, B - Intron, C - Exon, D - Poly A tail
(d) A- RNApolymerase II, B - Intron, C - Exon, D - Poly G tail
216. The following diagram refers to Griffith's demonstration of transformation in pneumococcus. A, B, C and D
indicate the fates of mice after they are injected with specific bacteria. Identify these fate of mice.

(a) A - dies, B-dies, C-lives, D-lives (b) A - lives, B -lives, C - dies, D -dies
(c) A - dies, B - lives, C - lives, D - dies (d) A - lives, B - dies, C - dies, D - lives
217. Frederick Griffith conducted experiments testing the virulence of two strains of Streptococcus (R-strain and S-
straln). His experiment had 4 specific "treatments" to it
Treatment 1, he injected mice with the R-strain and the mice lived.
Treatment 2, he injected mice with the S-strain and the mice died.
Treatment 3, he injected mice with heat-killed S-strain and the mice lived.
Treatment 4, he injected mice with heat-killed S-strain mixed with R-strain and the mice died.
Which treatment in his experiment is considered a control treatment?
(a) Treatment 3 is the control treatment. (b) Treatment 1 is the control treatment.
(c) There are no control treatments in this experiment. (d) Treatments 1 and 2 are control treatments.
218. Why are mice killed by smooth (S) strains of Streptococcus, but not rough (R) strains?
(a) Rough strains are virulent, and smooth strains are not.
(b) Rough strains have a polysaccharide capsule that makes the mouse immune system recognize and destroy them.
(c) Smooth strains have a polysaccharide capsule, which hides them from the mouse immune system.
(d) Smooth strains grow faster than rough strains.

Biology 132
219. Select the correct statements -
I. In eukaryotes, RNA pel III catalyses the synthesis of 5S rRNA, tRNA and SnRNA -
II. DNA generally acts as a template for the synthesis of DNA and RNA
III. During protein synthesis, amino acid gets attached to tRNA with the help of aminoacyl synthetase, ATP is also
used.
IV. The first aminp acid in any polypeptide chain of prokaryote is always formylated methionine but in eukaryotes
it is methionine.
V. A single anticodon can recognize more than one codon of m-RNA. Thus phenomenon is termed as Wobble
hypothesis
(a) I and II are correct (b) II and III are correct (c) All are correct (d) IV and V are correct
220. Which one is false?
(a) Glucose and galactose can act as inducers for lac operon.
(b) The presence of introns in split gene is reminiscent of antiquity and the process of splicing represents the
dominance of DNA-world
(c) In eukaryotes - DNA——*• hnRNA——>-mRNA
(d) Regulation of lac operon by represser is referred to as negative regulation. Lac / Lactose operon is under
control of positive regulation as well.
221. The regulator gene of a bacterial operon
(a) codes for inducer substances. (b) codes for represser proteins.
(c) acts as an on-off switch for the structural genes. (d) is a binding site for RNA polymerase.
222. According to the Jacob-Mond (lac operon) model of gene regulation, inducer substances in bacterial cells
probably
(a) combine with operator regions, activating the associated operons.
(b) combine with structural genes, stimulating them to synthesize messenger RNA.
(c) combine with represser proteins, inactivating them.
(d) combine with promoter regions, activating RNA polymerase.
223. The given diagram refers to translation. In which of the four options A, B, C, D and E are correctly identify.

Biology 133
224. Which of the following statements is correct?
I. The biochemical nature of genetic material was not defined from the experiments conducted by Griffith
II. Working on transformation Avery era/concluded DNAis genetic material but not all biologists were convinced
III. RNAis the genetic material in TMV, Q8 bacteriophage etc.
IV DNA is the predominant genetic material while RNA performs dynamic functions of messenger adapter
V. Viruses having DNAgenome and having shorter life span mutate and evolve faster
(a)AII (b) I and II (c) All except V (d) III and IV
225. The sugar lactose induces synthesis of the enzyme lactase. What happens when an E. coli (bacterial) cell runs
out of lactose?
(a) Represser protein binds to the operator. (b) Represser protein binds to the promoter,
(c) RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter. (d) RNA polymerase attaches to the represser.
226. Which of the following statements concerning the regulator gene (R) associated with the lac operon is correct?
(a) mRNA is transcribed from the R gene whether lactose is presenter not.
(b) mRNA is transcribed from the R gene only when lactose is present.
(c) mRNA is transcribed from the R gene only when lactose is not present.
(d) Lactose inhibits the translation of R gene mRNA.
227. A very low level of expression of lac operon has to be present in the cell all the time, otherwise -
(a) Glucose can't enter the cells • (b) Water can't enter the cells
(c) Ions can't enter the cells (d) Lactose can't enter the cells
228. Following paragraph refers to a transcription unit. Fill up the blanks -
The A is located towards 5' end I. B ) of the structural gene (the reference is made with
respect to the polarity of coding strand). Both the strands of DNA are involved in forming the C———. The ———
D—— is located towards 3' end ( E ) of the coding stream
(a) A- promoter, B - upstream, C - promoter, D - terminator, E - downstream
(b) A- promoter, B - upstream, C - terminator, D - promoter, E - downstream
(c) A - promoter, B - downstream, C - promoter, D - terminator, E - upstream
(d) A - terminator B - upstream, C - promoter, D - terminator, E - downstream
229. The length of DNA has 45000 base pairs. How many complete turns will the DNA molecule take?
(a) 45000 (b)450 (c)4500 (d)45
(d) It is present in more than 100 genes
230. AnRFLPisa:
(a) DNA probe used for hybridization
(b) Variation of a DNA segment cut by restriction enzyme(s)
(c) Recessive form of a deleterious allele
(d) Restrictive enzyme used to cut DNA

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231. Acodon consists of three bases and there are four kinds of bases in a nucleic acid altogether. How many codons
will be there?
(a) 60 (b)43 (c)34 (d)46
232. DNA profiling has been used to:
(a) Determine the identity of murder victims (b) Establish paternity
(c) Identify victims of terrorism (d) All of these
233. The year 2003 was celebrated as the 50th anniversary of discovery of
(a) transposon by Barbara Me Clintock (b) structure of DNA by Watson and Crick
(c) Menders law (d) Biotechnology by Kary Mullis
234. A DNA sequence is polymorphic if:
(a) The carrier frequency is less than 2 percent
(b) It can be cut with a restriction enzyme
(c) A variant sequence occurs in at least 1 percent of the population
(d) It is present in more than 100 genes
235. Tailoring of hnRNA is done by
(a)Snurps (b)lntrons (c) Exons (d)18SrRNA
236. Which of the following have the longest DNA sequences?
(a) VNTRs (b) STRs (c) SNPs (d) Thymine dimers
237. Which of the following are used in DNA Profiling?
(a)VNTRs (b)STRs (c)RFLPs (d) All of these
238. The sequence of structural gene in lac operon is
(a) Lac A, Lac Y, Lac Z (b)Lac A, Lac Z, Lac Y
(c) Lac, Y, Lac Z, Lac A (d) Lac Z, Lac Y, Lac A
239. The Okazaki fragments in DNA chain growth
(a) polymerize in the 3' to 5' direction and forms replication fork.
(b) prove semi-conservative nature of DNA replication
(c) polymerize in the 5f to 3' direction and explain 3' to 5' DNA replication
(d) result in transcription
240. The length of DNA molecule greatly exceeds the dimensions of the nucleus in the eukaryotic cells. How is this DNA
accomodated?
(a) Super coiling in nucleosomes (b) DNAse digestion
(c) Through elimination of repetitive DNA (d) Deletion of non-essential genes
241 The antiparallel relationship of the two strands of DNA refers to the
(a) strands being the opposite of parallel—they are twisted.
(b) strands providing alternative branching.
(c) strands gning such that one strand starts with a 3' carbon, the other with a 5' carbon.
(d) view looking at one end of the molecule: one strand has an A wherever the other has a T, and one has a G
wherever the other has a C
242 The Hershey-Chase experiment determined that
(a) proteinandDNAarethehereditarymaterialsofviruses. (b) protein, not DNA, is the hereditary material of viruses,
(c) viruses do not contain hereditary material. (d) DNA, not protein, is the hereditary material of viruses.

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243.

The above diagram shows –

(a) Medthod of DNA fingerprinting (b) Human Genome Project
(c) Humoral Analysis (d) Chromosome walking
244. The structure of DNA is characterized by a
(a) right- or left-handed double helix and antiparallei strands.
(b) right-handed double helix and antiparallei strands.
(c) right-handed single helix.
(d) right-handed single helix and parallel strands.
245. The full form of ELSI is -
(a) Embedded Low'Software Index (b) Ear Lung Spleen Immunity
(c) Ethicallegal and Social Issue (d) Endonuclease Ligase Surface Immunity
246. Which of the following criteria must be fulfilled by a genetic material. :
(a) Replication and Mutation (b) Stability
(c) Express itself int he form of'Mendelian Characters', (d) All of the above
247. DMA fingerprinting works because -
(a) Genes containing the same alleles make it simple to compare different individuals
(b)PCR allows amplification of proteins from single cells
(c) There are multiple allefes for some DMA sequences, making it possible to obtain unique patterns for each
individual
(d) DNA in the skin cells is very diverse
248. Before the discovery of DMA, why was the hereditary material thought to be made of proteins and not nucleic
acids?
(a) Nucleic acids are made up of 20 different bases, while proteins are made up of only 5 amino acids.
(b) Protein subunits can combine to form larger proteins.
(c) Proteins seemed to be much more diverse chemically.
(d) Proteins can be enzymes.
249. The rules formulated by Erwin Chargaff state that
(a) A = T and G = C in any molecule of DNA (b) A = C and G = T in any molecule of DNA
(c) A = G and C = T in any molecule of DNA (d) A = U and G = C in any molecule of RNA
250. Nonhistone chromosomal protein wftch forms core or axis of chromosome is
(a) HMG protein (b) Scaffold protein (c) Regulatory protein (d) All of these
251. Bacteriophage nucleic acids were labeled by carrying out an infection of E. coli cells growing in
(a) 14C-labeled CO2. (b) 3H-labeled water. (c) 32P-labeled phosphate, (d) 35S-labeled sulfate.

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252. In order to show that DNA is the "transforming principle," Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty showed that DNA could
transform avirulent strains of pneumococcus. This hypothesis was strengthened by their demonstration that.
(a) enzymes that destroyed proteins also destroyed transforming activity.
(b) enzymes that destroyed nucleic acids also destroyed transforming activity.
(c) enzymes that destroyed complex carbohydrates also destroyed transforming activity.
(d) the transformation activity was destroyed by boiling.
253. In eukaryotes, Okazaki fragments are about ________. long.
(a) 50 base pairs (b) 150 base pairs (c) 1-500 base pairs (d) 150,000 base pairs
254. During replication, the new DNA strand is synthesized
(a) in the 3' to 5' direction.
(b) in the 5' to 3' direction.
(c) in both the 3'to 5'and 5'to 3'directions from the replication fork.
(d) from one end to the other, in the 3' to 51 or the 5' to 3' directions.
255. The molecules that function to replicate DNA in the cell are
(a) DNA nucleoside triphosphates.' (b) DNA polymerases.
(c) nucleoside polymerases. (d) DNAses.
256. What are the three major properties of genes that are explained by the structure of DNA?
(a) They contain information, direct the synthesis of proteins, and are contained in the cell nucleus.
(b) They contain nitrogenous bases, direct the synthesis of RNA, and are contained in the cell nucleus
(c) They encode the organisms phenotype, are passed on from one generation to the next, and contain
nitrogenous bases.
(d) They contain information, replicate exactly, and change to produce a mutation.
257. The nitrogenous bases (and the two strands of the DNA double helix) are held together by ,
(a) weak van derWaals forces, (b) covalent bonds,
(c) hydrogen bonds. (d) a and b
258. Why must RNA be incorporated into the DNA molecule initially during DNA replication?
(a) RNA primase adds bases that act as primers.
(b) RNA primase is able to use DNA as a template.
(c) RNA primase is incorporated into the ho! ftr>Tyme complex.
(d) DNA polymerase I and III can only add on to an existing strand..
259. The correct order of events for synthesis of the lagging strand is:
(a) Primase adds RNA primer, DNA polymerase III creates a stretch, DNA polymerase I removes the primer, and
ligase seals the gaps.
(b) Primase adds primer, DNA polymerase I removes the primer, DNA polymerase extends the segment, and
ligase seals the gap.
(c) Ligase adds bases to the primase, the primase generates the polymerase 1, polymerase III adds to the
stretch, helicase winds the DNA
(d) Helicase unwinds the DNA, primase creates a primer, DNA polymerase I elongates the stretch, DNA
polymerase III removes the primer, and ligase seals the gaps in the DNA
260. The base-paired structure of DNA implies that it
(a) can replicate to form identical molecules. (b) can be used as a template to make RNA
(c) is the hereditary material. (d) a and b

Biology 137
261. Which of the following molecules functions to transfer information from one generation to the next?
(a) DNA (b)mRNA (c)tRNA (d)Prdteins
262. Mutations are
(a) heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases that produce an observable phenotype.
(b) heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases.
(c) mistakes in the incorporation of amino acids into proteins.
(d) heritable changes in the mRNA of an organism.
263. During infection of E coli cells by bacteriophage T2,
(a) proteins are the only phage components that actually enter the infected cell.
(b) both proteins and nucleic acids enter the cell.
(c) only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage.
(d) only nucleic acids enter the cell.
264. A deoxyribose nucleotide is a
(a) deoxyribose plus a nitrogenous base. (b) sugar and a phosphate.
(c) deoxyribose plus a nitrogenous base and a phosphate, (d) ribose plus a nitrogenous base.
265. In DNA replication, each newly made strand is
(a) identical in DNA sequence to the strand from which it was copied.
(b) complementary in sequence to the strand from which it was copied.
(c) oriented in the same 3'to 5'direction as the strand from which it was copied.
(d) an incomplete copy of one of the parental strands.
266. In eukaryotic cells, each chromosome has
(a) one origin of replication. (b) two origins of replication.
(c) many origins of replication. . (d) only one origin of replication per nucleus.
267. During DNA replication
(a) one parental strand must be degraded to allow the other strand to be copied.
(b) the parental strands must separate so that both can be copied.
(c) the parental strands come back together after the passage of the replication fork.
(d) origins of replication always give rise to single replication forks.
268. The fidelity of DNA replication is outstanding. During DNA synthesis, the error rate is on the order of one wrong
nucleotide per
(a) 10,000. (b) 100,000. (c)10M012. (d) 101MO*.
269. In the Meselson-Stah! experiment, the conservative model of DNA replication is ruled out by which of the following
observations?
(a) No completely heavy DNA is observed after the first round of replication.
(b) No completely light DNA ever appears, even after several replications.
(c) The product that accumulates after two rounds of replication is completely "heavy."
(d) Completely "heavy" DNA is observed throughout the experiment.
270. Which of the following features summarizes the molecular architecture of DNA?
(a) The two strands run in opposite directions.
(b) The molecule twists in the same direction as the threads of most screws.
(c) The molecule is a double-stranded helix and DNA has a uniform diameter.
(d) All of the above

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271. The steps of the ladder are
(a) individual nitrogenous bases. (b) pairs of bases.
(c) alternating bases and phosphate groups. (d) alternating sugars and bases.
272. Which feature of the Watson-Crick model of DNA structure explains its ability to function in replication and gene
expression?
(a) Each strand contains all the information present in the double helix.
(b) Structural and functional similarities of DNA and RNA
(c) The double helix is right-handed and not left-handed.
(d) DNA replication does not require enzyme catalysts.
273. Information used by Watson and Crick to determine the structure of DMA included
(a) electron micrographs of individual DNA molecules. (b) light micrographs of bacteriophage particles,
(c) nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of DNA (d) X-ray crystallography of double-stranded DNA
274. Double-stranded DNA looks a little like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix, or spiral. The side supports of
the ladder are
(a) individual nitrogenous bases. (b) alternating bases and sugars,
(c) alternating bases and phosphate groups. (d) alternating sugars and phosphates.
275. The enzyme DNA ligase is required continuously during DNA replication because
(a) fragments of the leading strand must be joined together.
(b) fragments of the lagging strand must be joined together.
(c) the parental strands must be joined back together.
(d) S'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates must be converted to 5'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates.
276. The energy necessary for making a DNA molecule*comes directly from the
(a) sugar. (b)ATP. (c) release of phosphates. (d)NADPH.
277. When adding the next monomer to a growing DNA strand, the monomer is added to the
(a) 1' carbon of the deoxyribose. (b) 2' carbon of the deoxyribose.
(c) 3' carbon of the deoxyribose. (d) 4' carbon of the deoxyribose.
278. The first scientist(s) to suggest a mode of replication for DNA was (were)
(a) Linus and Pauling. (b) Hershey and Chase. (c) Albert Leverman. (d) Watson and Crick.
279. Chargaff s rule states that
(a) DNA must be replicated before a cell can divide.
(b) viruses enter cells without their protein coat.
(c) only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage.
(d) the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine.
280. Griffith's experiments showing the transformation of R strain pneumococcus bacteria to S strain pneumococcus
bacteria in the presence of heat-killed S strain bacteria gave evidence that
(a) an external factor was affecting the R strain bacteria
(b) DMA was definitely the transforming factor.
(c) S strain bacteria could be reactivated after heat killing.
(d) All of the above

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281. The Hershey-Chase experiment
(a) proved semiconcervative replication is the mode for DNA replication.
(b) used 32P to label protein.
(c) used 35S to label DNA
(d) helped to prove DNA was the genetic molecule.
282. Which one of the following is not found in DNA?
(a) Carbon (b) Oxygen (c) Nitrogen or Hydrogen (d) Sulfur
283. The difference between DNA and RNA is that
(a) DNA has.thymine and RNA has uracil.
(b) DNA has no oxygen bonded to the 2' carbon; RNA does.
(c) DNA is the genetic material; RNA is not
(d) DNA is double stranded and RNA can't have hydrogen bond.
284. The building blocks for a new DNA molecule are
(a) deoxyribose nucleoside monophosphates. (b) deoxyribose nucleoside diphosphates.
(c) deoxyribose nucleoside triphosphates. (d) deoxyribose nucleotide diphosphates
285. Synthesis of DMA is
(a) spontaneous. (b) endergonic. (c) exergonic. (d) pseudogonic
286. A deoxyribose nucleoside is a
(a) deoxyribose plus a nitrogenous base.
(b) sugar and a phosphate.
(c) deoxyribose plus a nitrogenous base and a phosphate.
(d) ribose plus a nitrogenous base.
287. What was most remarkable about the Griffith experiment?
(a) Griffith obtained his results despite the fact that he failed his medical board exam.
(b) DNA, not protein, was found to be the genetic molecule.
(c) Something from a dead organism could change living cells.
(d) Viruses, which were nonliving, could change living cells.
288. When bands of RNA are transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane for identification, the blotting is called
(a) Southern Blotting (b) Northern Blotting (c) Western Blotting (d) Eastern Blotting
289. Ideally, PCR _______ increases the amount of DNA during additional cycles.
(a) additively (b) gradually (c) linearly or systematically (d) exponentially
290. Complete genome of which non-crop and crop plants has been sequenced?
(a) Datura and wheat respectively (b) Arabidopsis and maize respectively
(c) Oenothera and oat respectively (d) Arabidopsis and rice respectively
291. The first repair of mistakes made during DNA replication is made by
(a) the mismatch repair system. (b) DNA polymerase.
(c) excision repair. (d) SOS repair.
292. The force that holds DNA together in a double helix is
(a) the force of the twist. (b) covalent bonds,
(c) ionic bonds or ionic interactions (d) hydrogen bonds.

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293. Boiling DNA causes it to become
(a) single stranded. (b) monomers.
(c) destroyed. (d) smaller the longer it is boiled.
294. Number of base pairs in DMA helix around the octamer histone molecule is
(a) 140 - 200 bp (b) 100 -150 bp (c) 40 - 67 bp (a) 200 - 260 bp
295. Pyrophosphate is a
(a) building block for DNA synthesis. (b) by-product of DMA synthesis.
(c) precursor to DNA synthesis. (d) fire phosphate used in nucleic acid metabolism.
296. Griffith could distinguish the two strains of pneumococcus due to
(a) colony appearance in culture. (b) differences in their leth ty in mice,
(c) their sizes. (d) a and b
297. International Human Genome Project began in
(a) 1990 (b)1996 (c)2000 (d)2001
298. In PCR.it is ______ that creates single-stranded template molecules.
(a) heat (b) high salt concentration (c) DNA polymerase (d) exonuclease
300. The error rate of changing an incorrect base with another incorrect base during proofreading is
(a) 1 in 10 bases. (b) 1 in 100 bases. (c) 1 in 1,000 bases. (d) tin 10,000 bases.
301. The enzyme that unwinds the DNA prior to replication is called
(a) DNApolymeraselll. (b) DNA ligase. (c) primase. (d) helicase.
302. The enzyme that restores the phosphodiester linkage between adjacent fragments in the lagging strand during
DNA replication is
(a) DNA ligase. (b) primase. (c) reverse transcriptase. (d) helicase.
303. To show that DNA in cell extracts was responsible for genetic transformation in pneumococcus, important
corroborating evidence was that
(a) enzymes that destroyed proteins also destroyed transforming activity.
(b) enzymes that destroyed DMA also destroyed transforming activity.
(c) enzymes that destroyed polysaccharides also destroyed transforming activity.
(d) boiling destroyed transforming activity.
304. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is false?
(a) Okazaki fragments are the initiators of continuous DNA synthesis along the leading strand.
(b) Replication forks represent areas of active DNA synthesis on the chromosomes.
(c) Error rates for DNA replication are often less than one in every billion base pairings.
(d) Ligases and polymerases function in the vicinity of replication forks.
305. The primary function of DNA polymerase is to
(a) add nucleotides to the growing daughter strand. . . ,
(b) seal nicks along the sugar-phosphate backbone of the daughter strand.
(c) unwind the parent DNA double helix.
(d) prevent reassociation of the denatured parent DMA strands.

306. What are the mini-satellites?

(a)r-DNA (b)VNTR (c)c-DNA (d)SAT

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307. Evidence indicating that DNA replication was semiconservative came from
(a) DNA staining techniques. (b) DNA sequencing.
(c) density gradient studies using "heavy" nucleotides. (d) None of the above
308. A fundamental requirement for the function of genetic material is that it must be
(a) conserved among all organisms with very little variation.
(b) passed intact from organism to organism.
(c) replicable.
(d) found outside of the nucleus.
309. Watson and Crick's model allowed them to visu ze
(a) the molecular bonds of DNA
(b) how the purines and pyrimidines fit together in a double helix.
(c) that the two strands of the DNA double helix were antiparallel.
(d) All of the above
310. Chargaffs rules of base pairing states that
(a) the ratio of purines to pyrimidines is roughly equal in all tested organisms.
(b) the ratio of A to T is roughly equal in all tested organisms.
(c) the ratio of A + T and G + C is roughly equal in all tested organisms.
(d) a and b
311. If a nucleotide lacking a hydroxyl group at the 3' end is added to a PCR, what would be the outcome?
(a) No additional nucleotides would be added to a growing strand containing that nucleotide.
(b) Strand elongation would proceed as normal.
(c) Nucleotides would only be added at the 5' end.
(d) T. aquaticus DNA polymerase would be denatured.
312. Which of the following represents a bond between a purine and a pyrimidine (in that order)?
(a)C-T (b)G-A (c) G-C (d)T-A
313. DNA replication is an ______ process and _________ energy.
(a) exergonic; does not require (b) endothermic; does require
(c) endergonic;.does require (d) endodontic; does not require
314. RNA primers are necessary in DNA synthesis because
(a) DNA polymerase can only add to an existing strand of nucleotides.
(b) DNA polymerase can only add to an existing RNA strand.
(c) DNA primase is the first enzyme in the replication complex.
(d) All of the above
315. Hershey and Chase used radioactive 35S and 32P in experiments to provide evidence that DNA was the genetic
material. These experiments pointed to DNA because
(a) progeny viruses retained 32P but not, ^S.
(b) retention of 32P in progeny viruses indicated that DNA was passed on.
(c) loss of 35S in progeny viruses indicated that proteins were not passed on,
(d) All of the above

316 X-ray crystallography provides information about the ________ of DNA but is limited because of the ______ of
DNA. The technique is based on the pattern of _______ of the atoms in the molecule.
(a) structure; difficulty of purification; light absorption (b) dimensions; molecular weight; diffraction
(c) molecular weight; shape; diffraction (d) dimensions; linearity; light absorption

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317. Experiments by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty supported DMA as the genetic material by showing that
(a) both protein and DMA samples provided the transforming factor.
(b) DNA was not complex enough to be the genetic material.
(c) only samples with DNA provided transforming activity.
(d) even though DNA was molecularly simple, it provided adequate variation to act as the genetic material.
318. Proofreading and repair occur
(a) at anytime during or after synthesis of DNA (b) only before DNA methylation occurs.
(c) only in the presence of DNA polymerase. (d) only in the presence of an excision repair
mechanism.
319. T: aquaticus DNA polymerase is not denatured during the heat cycling required to denature DNA. This property
allowed advances in what technique?
(a) RFLP analysis (b) PCR (c) Sequencing (d) EPA
320. nu body of nucleosome consists of
(a)H,andH2A (b)H2AandH2B (c)H3andH4 (d) Both (b) & (c)
321. Which of the following model organisms has been sequenced?
(a)Drosophila ' (b)Bacteria (c)Yeast (d)AII
322. The unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material came from the experiment which utilised -
(a) Streptococcus (b) T2, E. coli (c) E. coli, heavy nitrogen (d) P32, S35, R-type bacteria
323. Which of the following statements about the work of Griffith, and then Avery, MacLeod, and Me Carty, on
Streptococcus pneumoniae is false?
(a) Only the S strain has a cell wall-like capsule.
(b) The mouse in Griffith's experiments would also have died if injected with living S strain and heat-killed R strain.
(c) The transforming principle is associated with the S strain's capsule. •.;
(d) Transformation of living R strain into S strain could also occur in a test tube without involving a mouse.
324. The polymerase chain reaction
(a) is a method for sequencing DNA (b) is used to transcribe specific genes,
(c) amplifies specific DNA sequences. (d) does not require DNA replication primers.
325. The leading strand and lagging strand in DNA replication differ in that only on the lagging strand
(a) DNA is replicated as short fragments. (b) RNA primer is present,
(c) replication proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction. (d) DNA ligase is not needed.
326. Which of the following is not required for DNA replication?
(a) A short strand of RNA to act as a primer. (b) DNA to act as a template,
(c) Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. (d) ATP for energy.
327. The 3'end of s DNA strand is defined as the place where
(a) the phosphate group is not bound to another nucleotide.
(b) both DNA strands end opposite each other.
(c) DNA polymerase binds to begin replication.
(d) there is a free —OH group at the 3' carbon of deoxyribose.
328. Western Blot hybridization is used for
(a) DNA analysis (b) RNA analysis
(c) Protein analysis , (d) Polysaccharide analysis
Biology 143
329. In semiconservative replication of DNA,
(a) the original double helix remains intact and a new double helix forms.
(b) the strands of the double helix separate and act as templates for new strands.
(c) polymerization is catalyzed by RNA polymerase.
(d) polymerization is catalyzed by a double helical enzyme.
330. Which statement about complementary base pairing is not true?
(a) It plays a role in DNA replication.
(b) In DNA, T pairs with A *
(c) Purines pair with purines, and pyrimidines pair with pyrimidines.
(d).ln DNA, C pairs with G.
331. The adjoining figure represents the structure of basic 30 nm fibre of chromosome of eukaryotes. Identify F1, F2, A
and B shown in the figure.

332. The length of E. coli DNA and length of DNA in a human 2N ceil is -
(a) 1.36 mm and 2.2m respectively (b) 1.36 mm and 2.2
mm respectively
(c)1.36 fim and 2,2 jam respectively (d) 1.36 cm and 2.2
cm respectively
333. The entire genetic code consists of __ amino acids and __ codons.
(a) 20,20 (0)20,64 (c)30,60 (d)30,72
334. What do telomeres do?
(a) They protect the chromosomes from degradation by nucleases.
(b) They prevent the ends of chromosomes from fusing with one another.
(c) They are required for complete chromosomal replication.
(d) All of these are correct.
335. Choose the correct statement w.r.t satellite DNA-
(a) Show high degree of polymorphism (b) Form basis of DNA fingerprinting
(c) Part of both coding and non-coding sequences (d) More than one option is correct
336. Enzyme utilised for the synthesis of RNA copolymers and homopolymers during deciphering of genetic code is-
(a) DNA dependent RNA polymerase (b) RNAdependent DNA polymerase
(c) DNA independent RNA polymerase ' (d) DNA dependent DNA polymerase
337. Blotting technique involves transfer of DNA from
(a) Membrane to gel (b) Gel to membrane (c) Sol to gel (d) Gel to sol
338. Separation of DNA fragments into bands by electrophoresis is done on
(a) Agarose gel (b) Polyacrylamide gel (c) Arabic gum (d) Both (a) and (b)

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339. Father of DMA finger printing is
(a) Alec Jeffreys (b) Lalji Singh (c) V.K. Kashyap (d) E.M. Southern
340. Sequencing the whole set of genome that contains all the coding and non coding parts is
(a) Expressed Sequence Tags ' (b) Sequence Annotation
(c) Microarray (d) Electrophoresis
341. The last human chromosome which sequence was completed in May 2006 is
(a) Chromosome 22 (b) Chromosome 14 (c) Chromosome 1 (d) Chromosome X and Y
342. According to Human Genome Project, the percentage of introns in human genome is approximately
(a) 10% (b) 24% (c) 75% (d) 99%
346. HOP methodology which includes identification of all the genes that expressed as RNA is referred as
(a)RFLP (b)ESTs (c)VNTR (d)RAPD's
344. SNP which is pronounced as "snips" stands for
(a) Small nuclear protein (b) Single nucleotide particle
(c) Single nucieotide polymorphism (d) Small nicking points
345. The Human Genome Project as megaproject was a 13 year project coordinated by the
(a) U.S. Department of Energy (b) National Institute of Health
(c) U.S. Department of Molecular Biology (d) Both (a) and (b)
346. In mamm an cells, the DNA of the centromere is characteristic of:
(a) facultative heterochromatin. (b) constitutive heterochromatin.
(c) Euchromatin. (d) dispersed ctiromatin.
347. When chromatin is treated with nonspecific nucleases, what is the length of the resulting pieces of DNA?
(a) random numbers of base pairs (b) about 60 base pairs
(c) about 8 base pairs (d) about 200 base pairs
348. Which of the following is the best order of sequential, increasing condensation (packing) of DNA
(a) nucleosomes -> solenoid -> 30 nm fiber-> Loops on scaffold -> heterochromatin
(b) euchromatin -> solenoid -> 30 nm fiber -> nucleosomes
(c) nucleosomes -> 30 nm fibers -> euchromatin -> heterochromatin
(d) nucleosomes -> 30 nm fibers -> solenoid -> Loops on scaffold
349. More than one initiation codon and termination codons are found in which m-RNA
(a) Prokaryotic m-RNA (b) Eukaryotic m-RNA (c) Hetero nuclear RNA (d) Ribosomal RNA
350. An mRNA ready for translation would have
(a) introns, coding exons and non-coding exons. (b) coding exons and non-coding exons.
(c) only coding exons. (d) only coding exons and introns.
351. In m-RNA base sequence is 5' AAC CAA GAC CCC 3' what is the possible no. of cpdons in case of overlapping
and non overlapping respectively.
(a) 4,10 (b)10,4 (c)12,10 (d)10,8
352. The unequivocal proof of DNA as the genetic material came from the studies on a
(a)Viroid (b) Bacterial virus (c) Bacterium (d) Fungus
353. During translation, the ______ site within the ribosome holds the growing amino acid chain while the_____ site
holds the next amino acid to be added to the chain.
(a) A,P (b) P.A (c) A..B (d) B,A

354. Chromosomes must condense to approximately 1/500th of their length for cell division. The first reduction is
______.
(a) Coiling around nucleosomes (b) Looping of 300 nm fibers
(c) Looping of solenoid fibers to form a 300 nm fiber (d) Forming a coiled solenoid fiber
355. The histone protein that attaches to DNA strands between nucleosomes is______•_
(a)H1 (b)H4 (c)H2A (d)H2B
356. During chromosome replication, the following events occur
i. Breaking of H bonds between bases
II. Bonds between adjacent nucleotide form
III. Winding brings about formation of two double helices
IV. Bases on free nucleotides bond with bases on DNA strands
Which of the following shows the correct sequence? ,-••„•
(a) I, III, II, IV (b) I, IV, II, III (c) I, II, IV, III (d) IV, II, III-,I
357. What are those str. that appear as 'beads-on-string 1 in the chromosomes when viewed under electron microscope?

Biology 145
 (a) Base pairs (b) Genes (c) Nucleotides (d) Nucleosomes
358. Which one of the following also acts as a catalyst in a bacterial cell?
(a) 23 sr RNA (b)5srRNA (c)snRNA (d)hnRNA
359. Venkataraman Ramakrishnan is one of the three recipients of the 2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He worked
towards the elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes are involved in the
biosynthesis ofproteins and
(a) one of their protein components is the catalyst.
(b) one of their RNA components is the catalyst.
(c) they bind to DNA for the purpose of protein synthesis.
(d) they bind either to tRNA or to mRNA at any given time.
360. Transcription and translation of a gene composed of 30 nucleotides would form a protein containing no more than
_____ amino acids.
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 60 (d) 90
361. Which mode of information transfer usually does not occur?
(a) DNAtoDNA (b)DNAtoRNA
(c) DNA to protein (d) all occur in a working cell
362. Which of the following statements is true regarding introns?
(a) Introns are the parts of mRNA that are translated.
(b) Introns have no function.
(c) In general, human genes have fewer introns than genes of other organisms.
(d) Introns may be involved in exon shuffling.
363. Of the ____ different possible codons, ____ specify amino acids and _____ signal stop,
(a) 20,17,3 (b) 180,20,60 (c) 64,61,3 (d) 61,60,1
364. If genetic code is tetrapiet then what is the possible number of codons wich code 20 types of amino acids -
(a) 261 (b)64 (c)256 (d)43
365. Which enzyme/s will be produce din a cell iin which there is a nonsense mutation in the lac Y gene ?
(a) Lactose permease (b) Transacetylase
(c) Lactose permease and transacetylase (d) B-galactosidase
366. Removal of RN
A polymerase III from nucleoplasm will affect the synthesis of:
(a) t RNA (b) hn RNA (c) m RNA (d) r RNA
367. Removal of introns and joining of exons in a defined order during transcription is called :
(a) Looping (b) Inducing (c) Slicing (d) Splicing
368. If one strand of DNAnas the nitrogenous base sequence atATCTG, what would be the complementary RNA
strand sequence
(a)TTAGU (b)UAGAC (c)AACTG (d)ATCGU
369. Ribosomal RNA is actively synthesized in
(a)Lysosomes . (b)Nucleolus (c) Nucleoplasm (d)Ribosomes
370. Which one -of the following is not a part of a transcription unit in DNA ?
(a) The inducer (b) A terminator (c) A promoter (d) The structure gene
371. Out of 64 codons, the number of codons with GGG is
(a)1 . (b)2 (c)4 (d) 6
372. Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon hence the code is
(a) unambiguous (b) degenerate (c) universal , (d) initiator.
373. The number of codons that code different amino acids is -
(a) 16 (b)31 (c)61 ,(d)64
374. Crick, one of the discoverer of DNA double helical structure, was the man of
(a) Physics (b) Chemistry (c) Zoology (d) Botany.
375. What is it that forms the basis of DNA Fingerprinting ?
(a) The relative proportions of purines and pyrimidines in DNA

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 (b) The relative difference in the DNA occurrence in blood, skin and s va
(c) The relative amount of DNA in the ridges and grooves of the fingerprints.
(d) Satellite DNA occurring as highly repeated short DNA segments
376. Which one of the following is a wrong statement regarding mutations ?
(a) Deletion and insertion of base pairs cause frame-shift mutations
(b) Cancer cells commonly show chromosomal aberrations
(c) UV and Gamma rays are mutagens
(d) Change, in a single base pair of DNA does not cause mutation
377. The diagram shows an important concept in the genetic implication of DNA. Fill in the blanks A to C
(a) A-translation, B-transcription, C-Erevin Chargaff (b) A-transcription, B-translation, C-Francis Crick
(c) A-translation, B-extension, C-Rosalind Franklin (d) A-transcription, B-replication, C-James Wastson y

ANSWER KEY

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