Rdbms (Unit III)
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farsanaRdbms (Unit III)
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farsanaWhat is SQL Join?
SQL JOIN clause is used to query and access data from multiple tables by
establishing logical relationships between them. It can access data from multiple tables
simultaneously using common key values shared across different tables. We can use SQL
JOIN with multiple tables. It can also be paired with other clauses, the most popular use
will be using JOIN with WHERE clause to filter data retrieval.
Example of SQL JOINS
Consider the two tables, Student and StudentCourse, which share a common
column ROLL_NO. Using SQL JOINS, we can combine data from these tables based on
their relationship, allowing us to retrieve meaningful information like student details
along with their enrolled courses.
Student Table
Student Course Table
Both these tables are connected by one common key (column) i.e ROLL_NO. We can
perform a JOIN operation using the given SQL query:
Query:
SELECT s.roll_no, s.name, s.address, s.phone, s.age, sc.course_id
FROM Student s
JOIN StudentCourse sc ON s.roll_no = sc.roll_no;
Output
ROLL_NO NAME ADDRESS PHONE AGE COURSE_ID
1 HARSH DELHI XXXXXXXXXX 18 1
2 PRATIK BIHAR XXXXXXXXXX 19 2
3 RIYANKA SILGURI XXXXXXXXXX 20 2
4 DEEP RAMNAGAR XXXXXXXXXX 18 3
5 SAPTARHI KOLKATA XXXXXXXXXX 19 1
Types of JOIN in SQL
There are many types of Joins in SQL. Depending on the use case, we can use different
type of SQL JOIN clause. Below, we explain the most commonly used join types with
syntax and examples:
SQL INNER JOIN
The INNER JOIN keyword selects all rows from both the tables as long as the condition
is satisfied. This keyword will create the result-set by combining all rows from both the
tables where the condition satisfies i.e value of the common field will be the same.
Syntax
SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....FROM table1 INNER
JOIN table2 ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
INNER JOIN Example
Let’s look at the example of INNER JOIN clause, and understand it’s working. This
query will show the names and age of students enrolled in different courses.
Query:
SELECT StudentCourse.COURSE_ID, Student.NAME, Student.AGE FROM Student
INNER JOIN StudentCourse ON Student.ROLL_NO = StudentCourse.ROLL_NO;
Output
SQL LEFT JOIN
LEFT JOIN returns all the rows of the table on the left side of the join and matches rows
for the table on the right side of the join. For the rows for which there is no matching
row on the right side, the result-set will contain null. LEFT JOIN is also known as LEFT
OUTER JOIN.
Syntax
SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....FROM table1 LEFT JOIN
table2 ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
LEFT JOIN Example
In this example, the LEFT JOIN retrieves all rows from the Student table and the
matching rows from the StudentCourse table based on the ROLL_NO column.
Query:
SELECT Student.NAME,StudentCourse.COURSE_ID FROM Student LEFT JOIN
StudentCourse ON StudentCourse.ROLL_NO = Student.ROLL_NO;
SQL RIGHT JOIN
RIGHT JOIN returns all the rows of the table on the right side of the join and matching
rows for the table on the left side of the join. It is very similar to LEFT JOIN for the rows
for which there is no matching row on the left side, the result-set will
contain null. RIGHT JOIN is also known as RIGHT OUTER JOIN.
Syntax
SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN
table2 ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
Key Terms
table1: First table.
table2: Second table
matching_column: Column common to both the tables.
SQL RIGHT JOIN
RIGHT JOIN returns all the rows of the table on the right side of the join and matching
rows for the table on the left side of the join. It is very similar to LEFT JOIN for the rows
for which there is no matching row on the left side, the result-set will contain null. RIGHT
JOIN is also known as RIGHT OUTER JOIN.
Syntax
SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
Key Terms
table1: First table.
table2: Second table
matching_column: Column common to both the tables.
RIGHT JOIN Example
In this example, the RIGHT JOIN retrieves all rows from the StudentCourse table and
the matching rows from the Student table based on the ROLL_NO column.
Query:
SELECT Student.NAME,StudentCourse.COURSE_ID
FROM Student
RIGHT JOIN StudentCourse
ON StudentCourse.ROLL_NO = Student.ROLL_NO;
SQL FULL JOIN
FULL JOIN creates the result-set by combining results of both LEFT JOIN and RIGHT
JOIN. The result-set will contain all the rows from both tables. For the rows for which
there is no matching, the result-set will contain NULL values.
Syntax
SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1
FULL JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
Key Terms
table1: First table.
table2: Second table
matching_column: Column common to both the tables.
FULL JOIN Example
This example demonstrates the use of a FULL JOIN, which combines the results of
both LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN. The query retrieves all rows from
the Student and StudentCourse tables. If a record in one table does not have a matching
record in the other table, the result set will include that record with NULL values for the
missing fields
Query:
SELECT Student.NAME,StudentCourse.COURSE_ID
FROM Student
FULL JOIN StudentCourse
ON StudentCourse.ROLL_NO = Student.ROLL_NO;
COURSE
NAME _ID
HARSH 1
PRATI
2
K
RIYAN
2
KA
DEEP 3
SAPTA
1
RHI
DHANR
NULL
AJ
ROHIT NULL
NIRAJ NULL
NULL 4
NULL 5
COURSE
NAME _ID
NULL 4
