SCIENCE 9 QUARTER 1

MODULE 1- RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Body systems work together to accomplish their task, so the different organ systems also cooperate to keep the
body running. Our body is a very complex system. It is an interconnected system that has interrelated task. It is like an
appliance that is able to function with proper organization of parts and systems. In this module, you will explain how the
respiratory and circulatory systems work together. You will also able to discuss the function of each part of the
respiratory and circulatory system, explain how air moves in and out of the lungs through observing the lung model, and
describe the blood flow in the human body.

LESSON 1-Respiratory System (Human Breathing System)

 The lungs and respiratory system allow us to breathe. They bring oxygen into our bodies (called inspiration, or
inhalation) and send carbon dioxide out (called expiration, or exhalation). This exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide is called respiration.

 The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs.

 picks up oxygen from inhaled air.

 expels carbon dioxide.

Parts of the Respiratory System

1. Nose and mouth

-entrance of oxygen in our body

2. Nasal Cavity/ Nasal passageways

-air passing this part is warm, damp and clean

3. Pharynx

-throat

4. Larynx

-Voice box

5. Trachea

-windpipe

-empty tube that serves as passageway of the air into lungs

6. Lungs

-main organ of the Respiratory System

7. Bronchi

-2 branching tubes that connect the trachea to lungs

8. Bronchioles

-hairlike tubes that connect to the alveoli

9. Alveoli
-airsacs that allow gas exchange in the lungs

The air enters and is filtered in your nose. The air then passes through
the throat and into your windpipe, which is called the trachea. Your trachea
splits into two branches, called bronchi that go into each of your two lungs.
The main organ of respiration is the lungs. These branches continue to split into smaller branches called
bronchioles, like twigs on a tree. The smallest branches end in thin air sacs called alveoli, like clusters of
grapes, where the gas exchange happens. The muscle that is responsible for breathing is the diaphragm.
Respiration is always linked with breathing. They are related but not the same. Breathing it is the air
going into and out of your lungs. Breathing is an involuntary process. This means that it occurs without
you having to think about it.

On the other hand, respiration is the movement of oxygen from blood cells to tissues and carbon
dioxide from tissues to blood cells. Breathing is a process that allows the movement of air in and out of
the lungs. Inhalation/Inspiration takes place when the air pressure within the alveolar spaces falls below
atmospheric pressure provided that the larynx is open. The exhalation/expiration takes place when the
air pressure within the alveoli exceeds atmospheric pressure. The airflow can be rapid or slow in
proportion to the level of the pressure differences. It remains relatively constant. Airflow is determined
by how much above or below the pressure within the lungs rises or falls. Pathway of Air How does the air
go in and out of our respiratory system? Inhalation: nose → nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea
→ bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out) Exhalation: alveoli → bronchioles →
bronchi → trachea → larynx → pharynx → nasal cavity → nose 9 10 Try observing your chest when you
breathe. What have you noticed? Yes, your chest moves when you breathe. Why does it happen? It is
actually the movement of your chest that makes your lungs expand and contract. Chest size changes
when you breathe because of the actions of your rib muscles and your diaphragm muscles. Breathing is
divided into inhalation or inspiration, and exhalation or expiration.

According to Alvarez et. al. (2014), “Breathe in or inhale, your diaphragm muscle contracts.
When you inhale your diaphragm moves down and expands the chest cavity. At the same time the ribs
move up and increase the size of the chest cavity. There is now more space and less air pressure in the
lungs. The air pushes in from the outside where there is higher air pressure. It pushes into the lungs
where there is lower air pressure.” “Breathe out or exhale, your diaphragm muscle relaxes. With regards
to diaphragm and ribs it return to their original place. The chest cavity returns to its original size. Greater
air pressure and less space inside the lungs. The air pushes outside where there is lower air pressure.”
Like the lungs of the respiratory system, the heart of the circulatory system also plays a critical function
in order to supply cells with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
Activity

Assessment

Identify the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on your
activity notebook.

____ 1. In which part of the respiratory system does gas exchange happen?
a. In the heart
b. In the alveoli
c. In the pharynx
d. In the trachea

_____2. Mr. Anton Aro is standing outside the house and doing breathing
exercises. Which of the following is the correct pathway of oxygen as he
breathes in?
I. Alveoli II. Bronchi III. Bronchioles IV. Nasal passage V. Nose VI. Trachea
a. VI, V, IV, III, II, I c. III, I, II, V, VI, IV
b. V, IV, VI, II, III, I d. IV, VI, V, I, II, III
____ 3. What is the dome-shaped muscle that plays an important role in
breathing?
a. Diaphragm c. Larynx
b. Alveolus d. Bronchus
____ 4. What happens when air is exhaled from the lungs?
a. The rib muscles contract and move outward.
b. The chest cavity expands and grows larger.
c. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward.
d. The lungs contract and then expand.
____ 5. Which part of the heart prevents blood from flowing backward?
a. Aorta c. Septum
b. Valve d. Coronary artery

____ 6. How does the respiratory and circulatory system work together?
Respiratory system ___________________ while circulatory system
______________________.
a. provides nutrients, absorbs water c. transports blood, facilitates gas exchange
b. facilitates gas exchange, transports blood d. creates immune cells, provides a framework

___ 7. Which structure of the respiratory system is divided into small and
smaller tubes in a pattern that resemble branches of a tree?
a. Pharynx c. Bronchi
b. Trachea d. Epiglottis
___ 8. Where could possibly air enter?
a. Mouth c. Pharynx
b. Nose d. A and b
___ 9. The gas that human inhales.
a. CO2
b. Oxygen c. Hydrogen
 d. Sulfur

___ 10. The gas that human exhales.

Module 2- Circulatory System ( Cardiovascular System)

- The Circulatory System, also known as cardiovascular/vascular system, transports nutrients, respiratory gases, and
metabolic products throughout a living organism which permits integration among the various tissues. The circulation
includes the intake and delivery of metabolic materials throughout the organism, and the removal of harmful by-
products and return to the environment. It is made up of heart, blood, and blood vessels (veins, arteries, and capillaries).

Three Major Parts of the Circulatory System

1. Heart - It pumps the blood throughout the body.

2. Blood vessel - It carries the blood throughout the body.

a. arteries – They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues and organs of the body

b. veins – They carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

c. capillaries – They are the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries to the smallest veins—
the actual site where gases and nutrients are exchanged.

3. Blood – It carries the materials throughout the body. Blood Flow through the Heart The human heart pumps blood to
all parts of the body. The blood provides oxygen and nutrients to the body and removes carbon dioxide and wastes. As
blood flows through the body, oxygen is used up making the blood oxygen poor or deoxygenated. The human heart is
divided into two (2) major chambers—the left and the right. The right chamber receives oxygen-poor or deoxygenated
blood and pumps it to the lungs. The left chamber receives oxygen-rich or oxygenated blood and pumps it the other
parts of the body.

Flow of Deoxygenated or Oxygen-Poor Blood

Flow of Oxygenated or Oxygen-Rich Blood

Lungs → Left and Right Pulmonary Vein → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Other
Parts of the Body

TYPES OF CIRCULATION

1. Pulmonary Circulation- movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
2. Coronary Circulation- movement of blood in the tissues of heart
3. Systematic Circulation- occurs between the heart and the rest of the body excluding lungs

Activity
Assessment
Instructions: Read each statement and choose the best answer. Write the letter of
your answer on your activity notebook.
____ 1. Which among these is not a function of the cardiovascular system?
a. Transporting cells that attack disease- c. Carrying waste products away from
causing microorganisms cells
b. Carrying oxygen, glucose, and other d. Controlling body processes by means
materials needed by the body to the of chemicals
cells
____2. Which of the following parts make up the circulatory system?
a. Blood, blood vessels, heart c. Blood vessels, heart, lungs, nasal cavity
b. Blood, blood vessels, lungs d. Blood, blood vessels, alveoli, heart, lungs
_____3. Mr. Allan was rushed to the Bataan General Hospital (BGH) due to a
serious heart attack. What will likely happen to his heart if not treated
right away?
a. Continues to pump c. Pumps slower
b. Stops to pump d. Pumps faster
_____4. Which body system allows oxygen to enter the bloodstream and get rid of
the carbon dioxide and release it to the environment?
a. Respiratory
b. Circulatory
c. Digestive
d. Nervous
____2. Which of the following parts make up the circulatory system?
a. Blood, blood vessels, heart
b. Blood, blood vessels, lungs
c. Blood vessels, heart, lungs, nasal cavity
d. Blood, blood vessels, alveoli, heart, lungs

_____6. Which chamber of the human heart pumps blood to the lungs?
a. Right atrium c. Right ventricle
b. Left atrium d. Left ventricle
_____7. Athena is active in both academic and sports activities. She is a volleyball
player in her school and after class, she practices vigorously for at least an
hour. What happens to the heart rate of a person after a strenuous activity?
a. The heart rate increases. c. The heart rate fluctuates.
b. The heart rate decreases. d. The heart rate sustains.
______8. Systemic circulation is the blood circulation from the ________.
a. heart going to the lungs and back to the heart c. heart to the different parts of the body back
b. heart going to the lungs and other parts of to the heart
the body d. lungs to the different parts of the body back
to the heart
_____9. Below is the path of oxygenated blood. Which of the following will make the
path correct?
Lungs → ________________ → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve →
________________ → Aortic Valve → _______________ → Other Parts of the
Body
a. Pulmonary Vein, Left Ventricle, Aorta c. Vena Cava, Left Ventricle, Pulmonary Vein
b. Pulmonary Artery, Left Ventricle, Aorta
d. Pulmonary Main Artery, Right Atrium, Left
Ventricle
______10. Joseph is a contestant in a marathon yet he did not sleep well the night
before the competition. He felt dizzy and fainted in the middle of the race.
Why did this happen?
a. Blood cells didn’t get the necessary amount c. He had low blood pressure.
of oxygen to the body parts. d. None of the above.
b. Oxygen blood levels of the body was normal.