Jenifer H.

MALAVEGA- BSBA 2A

GEE 105: Gender And Society

MODULE 1

LESSON 1: SEX, GENDER, AND SEXUALITY

CONTEMPLATE. Let us think about how gender is portrayed in your community. List down as
many words or phrases used to (a) identity and (b) describe the following genders.

Men Women Homosexuals

●Brother ●Mother ●Gay

●Father ●Sister ●Lesbian

● Masculine ●Girlfriend ●LGBT

●athletic ●Creative ●Funny

●observant ●Ambitious ●Serious

● Strong ●Observant ●Hardworking

●adventurous ●Resourceful ● Resourceful

●charismatic ●Sincere ●Happy

●Aggressive ●Innovative ●Generous

●outgoing ●Disciplined ●Passion

●powerful ●Empowered ●skilled

●quiet ●Motivated ●lovable

●energetic ●Persistent ●Genuine

●extraordinary ●Skilled ●confident

●fun-loving ●Empathetic ●energetic

●wise ● Devoted ●Considerate

 ●guiding ●Considerate

●protective ●Affectionate

●mechanical ●Generous

●mysterious ● Kindhearted

●carefree ● Courageous

●political ●Loyal

●romantic ● Inspiring

●sacrificing ● Self-assured

●fearless ●confident

● Truthful ● Dazzling

●Genuine ● Sensitive

What are your thoughts?

Gender identity is each person’s internal and individual experience of gender. Men,
women, and homosexual have differences in their identity. Their gender identity is a sense of
being a woman, a man, both, neither, or anywhere along the gender spectrum. A person’s
gender identity may be the same as or different from their birth-assigned sex. We 're born,
our gender identity is no secret.Gender organizes our world into pink or blue. As we grow up,
most of us naturally fit into our gender roles. Girls wear dresses and play with dolls. For boys,
it's pants and trucks. Characteristics of personality and those of identity represent one such
complex. The personality of an individual distinguishes him/her from others in how he/she
thinks, feels and acts, allowing him or her to appear unique. At the same time, personality
characteristics determine behaviour, attitudes and emotions to a great degree. Gender
identity, in nearly all instances, is self-identified, as a result of a combination of inherent and
extrinsic or environmental factors; gender role, on the other hand, is manifested within
society by observable factors such as behavior and appearance. But the majority of
women have personality traits that are quite distinct from those of men, and vice versa. Men
tend to be more dominant (forceful and aggressive) and emotionally stable, women tend to
be more sensitive, warm (attentive to others) and apprehensive, the study found. While
homosexual want to show who they really are.

Assessment:
1.Distinguish sex, gender, and sexuality and provide examples on how each is manifested in
real life situations.

-“Sex” is the term we use to refer to a person’s sexual anatomy (his or her sexual body parts). It
is primarily associated with physical and physiological features including chromosomes, gene
expression, hormone levels and function, and reproductive/sexual anatomy. Sex is usually
categorized as female or male but there is variation in the biological attributes that comprise sex
and how those attributes are expressed.

Example: Having a vagina at birth means your sex is Female.

-“Gender” is the term we use to refer to how a person feels about himself as a boy/man or feels
about herself as a girl/woman. Gender identity is the term for how a person self-identifies in
terms of being a boy/man or girl/woman. When you say, “I’m a man,” you are stating your
gender identity.

Example: Having a soft demeanor means that the society sees a person as feminine.

- Sexuality is diverse, and there are many different types. Sexuality encompasses personal and
social meanings as well as sexual behavior and biology. It includes ways our bodies develop and
respond sexually, includes sexual acts: kissing, touching, intercourse, includes feelings about
these activities and responses. Also includes what we think is right and wrong, good or bad.
Includes life experiences that have shaped these feelings and values. Coming to terms with your
sexuality can be a very liberating, exciting and positive experience. Sexuality refers to a person’s
capacity for sexual feelings and their emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or
female).

Example: Most people are attracted to the opposite sex – boys who like girls, and women who
like men. These people are heterosexual, or ‘straight’.

2. Look for books or articles dedicating their discussion on human sexuality. Write down an
essay comparing how these materials define sex, gender, and sexuality.
- The Psychology of human sexuality by Don Lucas and Jennifer Fox

Gender, sex, and sexuality are not new concepts in today’s society. These three terms have been
around for a long time, but they have only just started to surface and be taught and understood
by the nation. Slowly society is learning that sex does not determine one’s sexual
orientation and gender and who you are is nothing to be ashamed about. The history of human
sexuality is as long as human history itself—200,000+ years and counting (Antón & Swisher,
2004). For almost, as long as people been having sex, we have been creating art, writing, and
talking about it.

According to them Sexuality is one of the fundamental drives behind everyone’s feelings,
thoughts, and behaviors. It defines the means of biological reproduction, describes
psychological and sociological representations of self, and orients a person’s attraction to
others. Further, it shapes the brain and body to be pleasure-seeking. Yet, as important as
sexuality is to being human. Sex describes means of biological reproduction. Sex includes sexual
organs, such as ovaries—defining what it is to be a female—or testes—defining what it is to be a
male. Interestingly, biological sex is not as easily defined or determined as you might expect
(see the section on variations in sex, below). Sex makes the world go around: It makes babies
bond, children giggle, adolescents flirt, and adults have babies. It is addressed in the holy books
of the world’s great religions, and it infiltrates every part of society. It influences the way we
dress, joke, and talk. In many ways, sex defines who we are. It is so important, the eminent
neuropsychologist Karl Pribram (1958) described sex as one of four basic human drive
states. Drive states motivate us to accomplish goals. They are linked to our survival. According to
Pribram, feeding, fighting, fleeing, and sex are the four drives behind every thought, feeling, and
behavior. And the term Gender describes psychological (gender identity) and sociological
(gender role) representations of biological sex. At an early age, we begin learning cultural norms
for what is considered masculine and feminine. Sex and gender are important aspects of a
person’s identity.

In short Sex is about your body, gender is about who you feel yourself to be, and sexual
orientation is about to whom you’re attracted sexually. Sex, Gender and sexuality are centrally
important forces that shape every aspect of our lives. We know our bodies, minds and selves
through our gender and our sex as a society.

LESSON 2: GENDER AND SEXUALITY ACROSS TIME

CONTEMPLATE. Find a friend whom you are comfortable to discuss

your thoughts. On your own, reflect on the following question. Share
ideas with them.

Think about the phrases babae kase, lalake kase, haligi ng

tahanan, ilaw ng tahanan, and pakipot.

1.How do these words communicate patriarchy?

- "Haligi ng tahanan" is commonly referring to the father of a family.

The word symbolizes father as the strongest member of a family, he is
the one who working hard to provide and fulfill the needs of his wife
and children, he use to be the one managing difficulties and a
protector and foundation of the family.

The phrase "babae kase" used as an exception when there are some
things we describe to a woman like "babae kase kaya iyakin, babae
kase kaya malambot ang puso, babae kase kaya maingay, and etc." On
the other hand "lalaki kase" we describe to a man like "lalaki kase
kaya tamihik, lalaki kase kaya matigas ang ulo, lalaki kase kaya walang
pake, and etc.

also, "Pakipot" is the common term we use to portray a woman, we all

knew that almost of the girls are "pakipot" specially the time back
then. For me because of being "pakipot" man learn how to respect us,
even before, if a man likes a woman they should undergo in
traditional courtship and talk to parents sencirely.

LESSON 3: GENDER AND SEXUALITY AS A SUBJECT OF LESSON

INQUIRY
CONTEMPLATE. The following are common statements we hear from people. Reflect why you
think people agree or disagree with the statement. Reflect about your own thoughts: Do you
agree or disagree with each statement? Why or why not?

Statement Why People Agree Why People Disagree

Boys should not cry. It could be that people who People agree on this
agree on this idea is blinded statement, understand the
with the social standard. emotional vulnerability of
keeping them from the idea boys and man.
of understanding the Acknowledging that
diversity and disregarding regardless of someone's
the fact that regardless of sexuality, people should be
sexuality we can be free to Express their feelings
emotionally vulnerable. and emotions, and
discrediting masculinity.

Girls are bad drivers while Girls roles are bounded on Regardless of sexuality,
boys are superb drivers. household chores, going everyone is capable of
back on early years, most of improvement. People who
the drivers are boys or men. disagree with this
Statement like this is a statement highly value
conditioned mentality from women's capabilities and
our past that leads to take apart on the idea that
associate with girls' primary women are not only good at
roles; at house and not in fields, where society say so.
the road.

Boys should not be allowed Traditionally, dolls are People disagree because
to play dolls. played by girls and people they want to give children,
who think that dolls could may it be girls or boys, the
only be played by girls are space to enjoy and
anchored on the experience things without
perspective of a socially limitation and boundaries.
structured norms.
 Women should be prim and Primarily, people agree Simply because people are
proper. It is ok for men to be because we are taught that free to do whatever they
rowdy, they are men women should be always want. People who disagree
anyway, graceful, clean, and neat with this statement
when appearing to the probably disregard this
people and men can just go sexist notion, limiting men
around even if they are not and women to a socially
well dressed due to the structured norms on how
context of men doing the people should look, when
work or the provider of the they have their on ways of
family. In addition, people presenting themselves.
who agree with this
statement probably holds a
high standard for women.

COMMUNICATE. The following are common statements we hear from people. Reflect why
you think people agree or disagree with the statement. Reflect about your own thoughts: Do
you agree or disagree with each statement? Why or why not?

Would you be willing to Befriend Someone who...

Is a native of a different country? Yes of course so that I'll also learn new
things from the other place by having
 someone close from that place.

Does not have the same religious belief as Yes, because I can't control anybody way of
you do? thinking. If they show me respect then I
will also give them too. For me, it's not
important for what he/she believes or
other religions because if you are my
friend, I will accept you no matter what you
believed. I will value your existence and
not worrying about what religious you
have.

Has a physical or mental disability? Yes ofcourse, For me I am willing to be

friend someone who has a physical
disability, because as we know most of
having physical disability does'nt have
friends. This kind of person need someone
who will always willing to listen about
his/her rants in life. They need more
comfort to feel that they still exist. They
need more Love to have a genuine
happiness. They need someone who will
give the a words of wisdom to understand
why worlds are unfair. As I know those
people who has disabilities is a true friend
rather than a person no disabilities. They
are true to their selves and to others.

Does not speak your language? Yes, it needs more time to practice the
language of each other, it will be fun when
we practice step by step to get to know
each other. Language can be learn and it is
not the reason for us to give up the given
opportunity to have a bestfriend.

Assessment
1.Look for books or articles that have gender and sexuality as its focus area. Identify possible
topics which will fall under gender studies. Distinguish whether they are quantitative,
qualitative, or mixed methods researches.

-Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis on Sex and Gender in Preparatory Material for National
Medical Examination in Germany and the United States.

Topic: about Sex and Gender-Base Medicine (SGBM)

Medical knowledge of biological sex differences as well as the awareness of socially constructed
characteristics of the individual (gender) are recommended to use for diagnosis and therapy in
daily clinical practice. Therefore, sex- and gender-based medicine (SGBM), as an integral
component of patient-centered medicine, should be a mandatory part of medical education and
national medical exams.The preparatory materials focused almost exclusively on biological sex
differences and the sociocultural dimension in particular is underrepresented. A lot more
evidence-based facts are known and should be integrated into the materials to reflect the
importance of SGBM as an integral component of patient-centered medicine. To examine the
extent of the implementation of SGBM and therefore the students’ sex- and gender-related
medical knowledge, this study analyzes the learning material used to prepare for standardized
national medical exams. The sex- and gender-related content of the preparatory materials
focuses almost exclusively on biological sex differences. Gender is an important influencing
factor on health and disease that should be further integrated into the preparatory materials for
national medical exams. The supplemental character of the gender-based content in learning
resources fails to reflect the importance of SGBM as an integral component of patient-centered
medicine.

2.List down five questions which you want to be answered related to Gender and Sexuality.
Explain why you want to answer these questions. Identify why you think these questions are
within the scope of gender studies.

Answers!

1. How did social media affect the growing number of LGBTQ+ community?

Without the world of technology and different platforms I wonder how people who are discrete
with their real gender cope with the possibilities of not being accepted by the societies. In line
with this, I wanted this question to be answer in the gender study spectrum to know the impact
of the present LGBTQ+ groups in social media who are loud and proud enough to proclaim their
identity to the people who feel alone and afraid of being aloud with their sexuality.

With this being answered, this would clear the relation of environment to the process of
accumulating new gender identity and honing the person who is confused or uncertain with
his/her sexuality. And if social media is a platform that is a contributing factor for people to
transcend into their real sexuality, then it could create a convention of people who can address
issues of discrimination and inequalities that are present in social to provide a gender sensitive
place in online world.
2. How did the modern women shape the world of family dynamics and structure?

Modern women have a wider place and role to take at this present time, and I rocken to raise
this question because with the emerging roles and responsibilities of women how does it reflect
to the family dynamics and structure.

This question is within gender studies because it implicates how important the role of a women
to a family and if give deeper understanding this would maximize the understanding of the
dynamics of role of individual in the family.

3. Does transgender sets the epitome of happiness for other member of LGBTQ+ community?

Knowing the fact that some of the member of LGBTQ+ community wanted to physically look like
a Male or female. I wonder how they look like a transgender man or woman and thinks of the as
a model to achieve physical transformation and reach sense of fulfillment.

Gender studies could set or relate deeper understanding on the changes brought by sex
operation and the process of embodying the new life with the new sexuality by having stages of
development.

4. Does patriarchal evidence stimulate homosexuality among children?

Within the scope of gender studies, I wanted to raise this question to gain answer on how
children who grew up in violence reacted to the situations in their house. Does it create
emotional vulnerability leading for the girls to became manly or the desire to stand against
violence or brought psychological effect of domestic violence to higher system that could bring
enhancement to the existing laws regarding violence and respond holistically to homosexual
who are victims of violence.

5. Does indigenous people who are secluded from dominant society felt confusion about
their gender?

Gender issues has been a trend, I wanted this question to be answer because I wonder how
indigenous people relates their sexuality to the environment where they are living. How does
the nature and nurture phenomena affects their perspective about gender and sexuality, being
physically away from media, textbooks and other influence. As a traditional community, gender
studies could be an essential means of bridging indigenous people on a deeper understanding
and eliminate inequalities among their members. Establish a unit of system in their community
that is responsive to the evolving needs of the indigenous people..
 LESSON 4: GENDER AND LABOR
Assessment

2. As an adolescent who may soon be initiated to the world of work, how do you think you
will manage to succeed in the career of your choice? Do you think your gender identity will
have an influence on your work of choice? Why/why not? How?

- Success is perhaps the most desired feeling that all of us want to experience in the pursuit of
our goals and also in day to day life. As an adolescent that be initiate to the world of work
someday, I think i can manage to succeed in the career I've choosen by doing 3 things. First,
pursuing my own goals rather than following someone else’s footsteps. It is more peaceful when
I am doing things alone no judgement, no competition, and I dont need to feel envious in other
people. Second, i should follow my passion because this is where my heart and soul is, True
success means understanding my dreams and working joyfully to make those dreams come
true. When i follow my passion there is no need to doubt my self because I know this is I want
and I will enjoy this for the rest of my life. all i need to do is put any extra effort to become
better. And last, to have a self-discipline, it helps me stay focused on reaching my goals, gives
me the gumption to stick with difficult tasks, and allows me to overcome obstacles and
discomfort as i push yourself to new heights. I can't achieve to be successful someday without
self discipline because it will keep me focused on the behaviors and tasks needed to achieve
what i want.
One of the ways to manage and succeed in my chosen profession is to have a deep desire to
perform well. I will start climbing the ladder once I have the desire and the right attitude.

For me, My Gender identity will have influence to my choice of work because having more
women in the workplace actually makes an organization a better place to work, for people of all
genders. Me as a women talked about having personally meaningful work that connects to their
values, purpose, and work-life balance in i that can influence my co-workers by sharing my
knowledge too.

LESSON 5: GENDER AND MEDIA

CONTEMPLATE. Reflect on the following questions

1.Recall an LGBT character you have seen in national television.

-Sheldon Cooper from The Big Bang Theory

2 What were the stereotypes portrayed by these characters?

- Sheldon should've been asexual! In fact, many members of the asexual community had
claimed him as one of their own – that is until he hooked up with Amy. Throughout the
series, Sheldon is openly uninterested in sex – he calls it "coitus", and describes it as
"ridiculous" and "off-putting".

3.How can the media present the LGBT in a better way?

- Social media sites offer critical opportunities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer,
and other sexual and/ or gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth to enhance well being through
exploring their identities, accessing resources, and connection with peers. With the use of
media LGBTQ can explore their selves in a better way if thier content gives encourage to
everyone, makes people understand why they feel like that, and also give people knowledge
and learning how to handle life, how to give love, how to survive every challenges in life, and
how to forgive and forget. Media is the one who will present the LGBTQ but media is the key
to present the LGBTQ and also the LGBTQ are the one who is responsible and the one who can
manage how they represent themselves.

Assessment

1.Reflect how the portrayal of women, men, and the LGBTQ+ in the media influence people's
views and attitudes towards each sector?

-Media are the most pervasive and one of the most powerful influential things we have, many
influences on how we view men, women, and LGBTQ+. All forms of media communicate images
of the sexes, many of which perpetuate unrealistic, stereotypical, and limiting perceptions.
Social media sites offer critical opportunities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and other
sexual and/or gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth to enhance well-being through exploring their
identities, accessing resources, and connecting with peers. LGBTQ influence people views and
attitudes by sharing their knowledge on how to be real in their selves. They share happiness and
also they help other people to realize that it is better to show who you really are to have a
genuine happiness than hiding it with less happiness. For me, I am proud to LGBTQ showing or
exposing thier identities because I cannot blame them that their is something wrong to their
identities. They also want to be happy and I will give my respect and support to them because
they deserve it.

Women influence the views and attitude of peoples in media by giving advice, tips in working
home, to have a wisely decisions and also they give learnings about the things we should
consider when we have goals in life. Lastly men influence peoples views and attitude in terms of
having a good character, most ordinary men wants to be an ideal men to the women. Men
influence men peoples by showing to be an perfect guy or some have a talent that leads to
make them an idols.

Media influence and media effects on individual or an audience's thoughts, attitudes, and
behavior. Whether it is written, televised, or spoken, mass media reaches a large audience, it
affect on many aspects of human life, which can include voting a certain way, individual views
and beliefs, or skewing a person's knowledge of a specific topic due to being provided false
information. The overall influence of mass media has increased drastically over the years, and
will continue to do so as the media itself improves.

2. Reflect: Is media is an effective way to influence people towards gender equity? How?

- Yes, Media plays a very important role in our daily life. Media helps form our social values.
Partnering with private sector organizations, Women has been promoting the use of media,
especially social media, as a powerful tool to advocate for elimination of violence against
women and promote gender equality. The media can help stop violence before it starts by
challenging the drivers of violence against women, including gender inequality, gender-based
stereotypes and disrespect towards women in its reporting and as an industry. We strongly
believe in the transformative role media can play in achieving gender equality in societies. By
creating gender-sensitive and gender-transformative content and breaking gender stereotypes.
By challenging traditional social and cultural norms and attitudes regarding gender perceptions
both in content and in the media houses. By showing women in leadership roles and as experts
on a diversity of topics on a daily basis, not as an exception. Media can be the way to have
peoples gender equity.

LESSON 6: GENDER AND ACTIVISM

CONTEMPLATE. Reflect on the following questions:

1.Think about the term"cry like a girl" and "iyakin, parang bakla".
-Boys are often told that it is better to control emotions and to be brave when they are going through
a difficult time. Men are seen as leaders and gatekeepers of our communities. From an early age,
boys are introduced to clothing and toys adorned in colors of blue and green. As they grow older,
roughhousing is a sacred rite of passage for a lot of young men. Boys are taught at an early age to dry
their tears quickly, or better yet, not cry at all. Most of the man wouldn't cry because they will be
called weak or Gay.

2.Why would crying like a girl make a man weaker?

-For me, when a boy cry like a girl doesn't mean he is weak. crying helps in releasing stress, and
people tend to feel better after crying. When we tell a person, specifically a boy, not to cry, we are
taking away their right to experience one of the most important emotions. Crying is not a gender-
based emotion. Tears do not say that “We will not drop down your eyes because you are a man, and
men don’t cry”. Let us face the fact that crying is for all, and it is a much better way of dealing with
issues rather than shouting at people around or breaking things. Let’s not say man up when people
cry, let us give them their space to cry in peace and move on over any loss. A person who can cry is
actually a strong person despite what others perceive.

3. Why would a boy crying be equated to being "bakla?

-No, a person who cry is normal for me even they are boy or girl. The main problem is the
Judgemental society. Boys are suggested to be strong, brave and confident so they always do that. But
not anytime because they are also human who encounter breakdown, they feel hurt and they
experienced to have a anxiety that breaks them, not that strong to handle everything. Sometimes they
just need to cry to address their emotions. When boy cry doesn't mean they are gay (bakla) they need
to cry in order to release their stress.

4.Can you give other examples of heteronormativity?

-Forced Gender for Intersex People

In recent years, there has been pushback about the medical procedures performed on babies and
children born intersex. These procedures can be emotionally harmful, and even physically harmful, to
the young people they're performed on. There is nothing wrong with being intersex, but the idea that
if someone doesn't fit the body of a boy or a girl, they should be surgically altered so that they do is
heteronormative. It gives the message that being normal is to fully have the specifically designated
male or female anatomical parts.

Assessment
1.Do you think it is important for the youth to continuously engage in nation-
building and making reforms or changes in how things are done in our country
right now? Why do you think so?
-It is a well-known fact that the youth of any country is a great asset. They are
indeed the future of the country and represent it at every level. The role of youths
in nation-building is more important than you might think. In other words, the
intelligence and work of the youth will take the country on the pathway of
success. As every citizen is equally responsible, the youth is too. They are the
building blocks of a country. Our youth can bring social reform and improvement
in society. We cannot make do without the youth of a country. Furthermore, the
nation requires their participation to achieve the goals and help in taking the
country towards progress. In short, our youth has the power to build a nation so
we must give them the opportunity. They are the future and they have the
perspective which the older generations lack. Their zeal and enthusiasm must be
channelized properly to help a nation prosper and flourish.
2.Do you think the youth has power to shape how gender is viewed in the
modern world? Why do you think so?
- I think No, because people in the modern world are so strict and they have a
gender roles. Means they are expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct
theirselve based upon the assigned sex. also the Youth are the one need to follow
the roles and influence people in society.
Nowadays young people are more likely to be successful and powerful than the
previous years. In today's Youth Standing Up for Human Rights this year’s Human
Rights Day theme — has particular resonance for lesbian, gay, bisexual and
transgender youth around the world. LGBT children and young adults face social
stigma and experience widespread discrimination and abuse; serious human
rights violations that can have lifelong consequences, including for their health.
They struggle to find inclusive education and supportive health care. And they
often experience daunting pressure to suppress, conceal or change their sexual
orientation or gender identity.
LESSON 7: GENDER AND OTHER CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES (EDUCATION, GENERAL HEALTH,
MENTAL HEALTH)

CONTEMPLATE. Reflect on the following questions:

1. Should gender be a deciding factor for people to access education?

-No, it should not be a factor because having a gender bias who can have access to education
is not right and it makes inequality. Equality of educational opportunity has several aspects.
The most important of these is the recognition of the right to education as a human right or
as the birth- right of every individual irrespective of religion, Gender, language, colour, class
or socio- economic status. Everyone has the right to grab the equal opportunity to make the
most of their lives and talent. Gender equality means providing equal opportunities to both
men and women in political, economic, education and health aspects.

2.Are there specific needs that women, men, and LGBTQ+ have in school? If yes, what are
those needs?

-School provides an environment where we can learn a lot of basic skills. Children as young as
three years old are taught how to read and write at their preschools. They start to learn the
alphabet, numbers, and even do some simple arithmetic problems. They also get the chance
to practice their drawing, building, problem solving, and cognitive skills. The world has an
abundance of knowledge and information. In school, we study different subjects that cover
history, biology, arts, literature, math, physics, physical education, geography, and many
more. This should help us become aware of the hard work and efforts of our ancestors, the
struggles of people from centuries ago, all the wars and battles that shaped our country, the
beauty and intricacies of science and technology, and so on. But the most specific and
important thing we need to learn in school is the word RESPECT, Respect is a very important
foundational factor in the development and maintenance of a healthy learning environment.
It is respect that opens space for the development of trust and learning. So we need to
respect our classmate and school mate of what their Gender is. We need to respect their
existence and being a human. We need to avoid bullying them so it leads to a happy
environment.

3 How do you think the educational system in the Philippines is addressing these gender
needs?

-The Department of Education issued a gender-responsive basic education policy that calls for
an end to discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation and gender identity in schools.
The policy is an important step toward providing equal rights for all students—but history
shows it is unlikely to make a real difference for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT)
youth unless the DepEd transforms its promise into meaningful protection.

Assessment

2.Write a reflection paper. Did the concepts I learned from previous lessons helped me
become more intelligent in making choices related to my gender and sexuality? If yes, how? If
no, what else could be done so that I can gain more information to base my healthy decisions
from?

-Yes, decisions about Gender, sexuality, and Relationship is essential for me to have a
comfortable life and continue pursuing my study. The decisions i make can impact my health
and well-being for the rest of my lives. The decision to engage in sexual activity with others is
very personal and usually womens are always the one who suffer when they become pregnant
because some of man didn't stand for thier responsibilities.

There are many reasons why people have sex. Sometimes it’s a conscious choice and sometimes
things happen in the moment. But as a women or teenagers we need to avoid sex, control our
selves, and wait for the right time and man to avoid early pregnancy.

Gender and sexuality are centrally important forces that shape every aspect of our lives: we
know our bodies, minds and selves through our gender and our sex. Comprehensive sexual
health education is one of the Solution, it must do more. It must provide young people with
honest, age-appropriate information and skills necessary to help them take personal
responsibility for their health and overall well being. Sex education should occur throughout a
student’s grade levels, with information appropriate to students’ development and cultural
background. It should include information about puberty and reproduction, abstinence,
contraception and condoms, relationships, sexual violence prevention, body image, gender
identity and sexual orientation.

Module 2

LESSON 1- EXERCISE

Name: JENIFER H. MALAVEGA- BSBA 2A

Course & Year:

Instructions: Answer the question in your OWN WORDS, cite examples if needed. Write your
answer/answers on the space provided (you can use the back paper).

ASSESSMENT:

CONTEMPLATE. Name five physical changes that takes place in females during puberty:

1. Breasts will start developing. This is the first visible sign that puberty is starting. It’s normal
for the left and right breasts to grow at different speeds. It’s also common for the breasts to be
a bit tender as they develop. If your child wants a bra, a soft crop top or sports bra can be a
good first choice.

2. A growth spurt occurs.Some parts of the body – like the head, face and hands – might grow
faster than limbs and torso. This might result in your child looking out of proportion for a while.
On average, girls grow 5-20 cm. They usually stop growing at around 16-17 years.

3.The body shape will change. For example, a girl’s hips will widen.

4. The external genitals (vulva) and pubic hair will start to grow. Pubic hair will get darker and
thicker over time.

5. periods -will usually start within 2 years of breast growth starting, but can take up to 4 years.
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE:

What is the difference between uncircumcised and circumcise penis? It is necessary to undergo
circumcision in males? Why or why not?

-An uncircumcised penis retains the foreskin, which covers the head of a nonerect penis. When
the penis is erect, the foreskin pulls back to reveal the glans. Uncircumcised males are at a
greater risk of urinary tract infections. If a person with an uncircumcised penis doesn’t clean
themselves often enough, smegma—dead skin cells and oils that combine to form a white
substance—can build up.Plus, zipper injuries, in which the foreskin gets caught and torn, are
more likely in uncircumcised males.

They are not way more likely to get a sexually transmitted infection from someone with an
uncircumcised penis than someone with a circumcised one.

A circumcised penis has no foreskin, which exposes the glans when the penis is both erect and
nonerect. A circumcised penis is easier to clean, which reduces instances of urinary tract
infections and inflammatory skin conditions. Circumcision has been shown to prevent some
sexually transmitted infections. When men are circumcised, they are less likely to get the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from their HIV-positive female partners. The inner lining of the
foreskin has more of those cells that the HIV infects compared to other areas of the body, thus
making it more susceptible to contracting the infection. HIV may survive in the space between
the foreskin and the penis. In addition, certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and urinary
tract infections (UTIs) are less common in circumcised men

It is important in Male to undergo circumcision because men might have a lower risk of certain
sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Still, safe sexual practices remain essential.
Prevention of penile problems. Occasionally, the foreskin on an uncircumcised penis can be
difficult or impossible to retract (phimosis).It makes them to have Easier hygiene. Circumcision
makes it simpler to wash the penis. However, boys with uncircumcised penises can be taught to
wash regularly beneath the foreskin.Decreased risk of urinary tract infections.The risk of urinary
tract infections in males is low, but these infections are more common in uncircumcised males.
Severe infections early in life can lead to kidney problems later.Decreased risk of penile
cancer. Although cancer of the penis is rare, it's less common in circumcised men. In addition,
cervical cancer is less common in the female sexual partners of circumcised men.

CONTEMPLATE. Name five physical changes that takes place in Males during puberty:

1. Testicular size, function, and fertility- Testicular enlargement is the first physical manifestation
of puberty (and is termedgonadarche). Testesin prepubertal boys change little in size from about 1
year of age to the on set of puberty, averaging about 2–3 cm in length and about 1.5–2 cm in
width. Testicular size continues to increase throughout puberty, reaching maximal adult size about
6 years after the onset of puberty. After the boy's testicles have enlarged and developed for about
one year, the length and then the breadth of the shaft of the penis will increase and the glans
penis and corpora cavernosawill also start to enlarge to adult proportion.

2. Pubic hair- Pubic hair often appears on a boy shortly after the genitalia begin to grow. The pubic
hairs are usually first visible at the dorsal (abdominal) base of the penis. The first few hairs are
described as stage 2. Stage 3 is usually reached within another 6–12 months, when the hairs are
too many to count. By stage 4, the pubic hairs densely fill the "pubic triangle." Stage 5 refers to
the spread of pubic hair to thethighsand upward towards thenavelas part of the
developingabdominal hair.

3. Voice change and Adam's apple- Under the influence of androgens, the voice box,
orlarynx,growsin both sexes. This growth is farmore prominent in boys, causing the male voice to
drop and deepen, sometimes abruptly but rarely"over night," about one octave,because the
longer and thicker vocal folds have a lower fundamental frequency.

4.Male musculature and body shape-By the end of puberty, adult men have heavier bones qnd
nearly twice as much skeletal muscle. Some of the bone growth (e.g. shoulder width and jaw) is
disproportionately greater, resulting in noticeably different male and female skeletal shapes.

5.Foreskin retraction-During puberty, if not before, the tip and opening of a boy's foreskin
becomes wider, progressively allowing for retraction down the shaft of the penis and behind the
glans,which ultimately should be possible without pain or difficulty. The membrane that bonds
the inner surface of the foreskin with the glans disintegrates and releases the foreskin to separate
from the glans. The foreskin then gradually becomes retractable.

Assessment

1.Compare and contrast the male and female genitalia

-Their difference is their fuctions and the hormones released by each systems. The male
reproductive system has testes that produces hormones such as testosterone and androgen
that controls maturation and male characteristics, also, males had penis that deposits
spermatozoa (sperm cells) to the vagina of the female. The female reproductive system has
ovaries that produces hormones such as Estrogen and Progesterone that influence female traits,
and support reproductive functions, also, the female has vagina that receives the penis during
mating. Similarly, females had uterus where the fertilized egg develops.

2. Draw a mind map showing the progression of the male and female from birth, puberty, and
adulthood.

LESSON 2: THE PROCESS OF REPRODUCTION

Assessment

1.What do you often hear about sex?

-I often hear about sex is that sex is a two person intimate physical interaction with opposite
gender. It is about showing love to each other. Nowadays sex is just a normal things to teenagers
and couples even unmarried. In our barangay many teenagers involve in having sex that's why
most of the girls are pregnant. Some are lucky to have man who stand for their relationship and
for the baby. But their are some suffer so much because their boyfriend didn't stand for their
relationship and for the baby. In my conclusion, teenagers didn't need to involve in romantic like
sex because this is not the right time and it may ruin their dream and goals in life. Having sex
with someone have a right time and someone who is sure about you for the rest of your life
that you dont need to suffer alone to survive life.

2.Draw a mind map showing the ways to avoid the pressure to have sex.

LESSON 3: SEXUAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE

COLLABORATE.

Reflect on the myths of hygiene practices as you grow up.

List the myths in health and hygiene practices that you recall.

*Myths in health

1.Drink 8 Glasses of Water a Day

2. Take Daily Multivitamin

3.Egg Yolks Are Bad for You

4. Coffee Can Stunt Childhood Development

5.Carrots Give You Night Vision

*Hygiene Practices

1.Take Care of my Nails- Cleaning and trimming my nails reduces risk of hangnails and infected
nail beds.

2.Wear Clean Clothes- After i wear clothes, wash them with a detergent and dry them
immediately upon rinsing. Dirty clothes can harbor bacteria that could lead to body odor or
even skin irritations.

3. Bathe-Cleaning mu body washes away dead skin cells and dirt and helps fight the spread of
disease.

4.Apply Deodorant in the Morning-While it seems logical to apply deodorant before i head out
the door for an exertion-filled day.

5.Wash my Hands Frequently- Washing mu hands is one of the most effective ways to reduce
the spread of disease. I always wash my hands especially before and after i eat, after going to
the bathroom and when i come into contact with someone who is sick. In order to achieve
effective results, make sure you wash your hands properly.

ASSESSMENT:

Match the items in Column A with the statements

Column B.

Masturbation
1.Prevents Acne by
Elimination of Blackheads
 Using Tampons 2.Not Necessary with
Regular Bathing
Wearing an Athletic Supporter
3.Can Eliminate “Jock Itch”
Breast Self Examination 4.A Normal, Healthy Way
to Relieve Sexual Tension
Using Deodorant
5.Important for Sexual and
Douching Reproductive Health
6.Cleans the Genitals Daily
Rubbing Cornstarch on
and Keeps them Odor Free
Genitals
7.Masks the Normal Odor
Avoiding Vaginal Infections
Associated with Healthy
Using Feminine Hygiene Genitals
Sprays 8.Protects and Supports
Frequent Bathing the Penis and Testicles
Using an Abrasive Facial 9.May Destroy Natural
Cleanser Bacteria that keep the
Circumcision Vagina Clean
10.Protects you and a
Applying a Hot Water Bottle or partner from Further
Heating Pad to Abdomen Infection
Being Tested and Treated for
11.Can Detect Small Lumps
Stds
that Could Develop into
Having a Regular Pelvic
Cancer
Examination
12.Does not affect sexual
or reproductive health
Adapted from Life Planning Education, Advocates for 13.Can Cause Toxic Shock
Youth, Washington DC Syndrome (tss) if Left too
Long
14.Depends on Diet,
Clothing, Bathing and
Other Health Behaviors
15.May Eliminate
Menstrual Cramps

LESSON 4: RISKY BEHAVIOURS OF ADOLESCENTS

CONTEMPLATE. Name at least three technology-based transaction of sex. Identify
why adolescents tend to engage in these transactions. Also, list down the risks in
engaging in these transactions.

1. Mobile technology-mobile technology use and associated risks in adolescent

children focused on exposure to pornography, sexting, online victimization, and
associated negative health outcomes. In fact, some estimates suggest that online
porn addiction and sexting comprise the most common subtype of internet
addiction

Adolescents engage transaction like sexting, because he/she sending revealing

images either at the request of their girlfriend/boyfriend. Adolescents, sexting
often appears to be a means of flirtation and harmless entertainment when
feeling good about themselves and their sexuality. In cases involving romantic
partners, sexting was not found to be a marker of risk behaviors, however, sexting
among adolescents, in general, has been associated with sexual offenses, such as
the trading or possession of pornographic images.

Sexting can be a symptom or manifestation of sexual addiction, which is an illness

like other addictions and causes destructive consequences. For some, sexting is
the primary behavior involved in sexual addiction. For others, an all-consuming
interest in pornography, sexual encounters with sex workers, pathological
infidelity, or cybersex relationships can be the main focus of the addiction.

2. Oculus Rift + Leap Motion- The Oculus Rift could transform the way we
experience a lot of things, including watching TV and movies, shopping, and
even time. The 3D virtual reality headset, and others like it, will offer an immersive
experience unlike anything we've ever seen outside of science fiction.Combining a
VR headset with a technology called Leap Motion, which allows the user's hands
—not a controller — to interact with the virtual world, will elevate the experience
to the point that it's indistinguishable from reality. This technology can use by
adolescents to watch movies about sex or porn and this technology is so focused
on the eye of adolecence. Adolecence engage in this because they are so
obsessed in watching sex. The risk of using oculus + leap motion are brain
damage, eye strain, eye fatigue, and blur vision.

3.Robotic exoskeletons-Tactile feedback is great for virtual reality, but some

people will always prefer the real thing. For the sexual adventurer who has
everything — except superhuman stamina and flexibility — a tactile feedback-
equipped exoskeleton might come to the rescue. Athough every human should
enjoy physical touch, intimacy, and sexual pleasure, persons with disabilities are
often not in the position to fully experience the joys of life in the same manner as
abled people. personal integrity and should not be denied the opportunity to
experience their sexuality, have sexual relationships. The technology of Robotic
exoskeleton usually ise by adolescents who have disabilities to enjoy a sexual
experience even their body can't do. some risks to exoskeleton use including a risk
of falling, skin sores from repeated contact.

COMMUNICATE. Name three female and male teen harmful sexual

practices and their complications.

Sexual Harassment - Victims of sexual harassment can suffer significant

psychological effects, including anxiety, depression, headaches, sleep
disorders, weight loss or gain, nausea, lowered self-esteem and sexual
dysfunction. They experience job-related costs as well: from job loss,
decreased morale, decreased job satisfaction to irreparable damage to
interpersonal relationships at work.

Online sexual bullying- Violence against children, in all forms including

online bullying or cyberbullying, has devastating effects on the physical
and emotional wellbeing of young people. This can create lasting
emotional and psychological scars, even physical harm. It is particularly
challenging to address since children are vulnerable and have easy
access to the internet, making them easy targets of online violence.

Rape- Sexual assault or rape, survivors can face extremely difficult and
painful emotions and experiences. Every survivor responds to traumatic
events in their own way. The effects of the trauma can be short-term or
last long after the sexual assault or rape.

Assessment
1. Tabulate the different kinds of drugs and the risks involved in using them.

-1. Heroin- As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to seizures, psychosis, and
hallucinations when it is abused. Heroin injections can also spread diseases such
as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis. This drug is known to cause
serious health issues when it is abused because it interferes with the brain’s
receptors. Users can become physically dependent on it very quickly, requiring
them to take more and more to achieve the same high, but too much heroin can
lead to a fatal overdose. Individuals who take heroin always require professional
rehabilitation because the symptoms of withdrawal may be life-threatening.
2. Cocaine-Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even when taken in small
amounts. It induces euphoria, increases blood pressure, and accelerates the heart
rate. The drug may lead to fatal strokes or heart attacks for some users. The abuse
of cocaine is also known to cause financial, legal, and physical issues. Due to the
severe consequences of using cocaine, users require immediate professional
treatment.
3. Crack-A potent form of cocaine, crack is often smoked and suddenly creates an
intense euphoric sensation for a short while. Crack has turned into a problem
because it is cheap and easy to buy and use. Abusing the substance, however, can
lead to immediate addiction. Abusers are also at risk of suffering heart attacks and
strokes with every use. Long-term use can cause liver, kidney, and lung damage.
Abusers must seek help in rehabilitation facilities because the withdrawal
symptoms are dangerous.
4. Hallucinogens- PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) are
hallucinogens, which means that they make users feel, see, and hear things that
are not real. While they experience hallucinations with these drugs, users lose
touch with reality and enter mental states of disconnection, as if their bodies and
minds are not working together or connected. Some users of PCP and LSD enter
violent states of psychosis. Serious injury could occur while hallucinating on these
substances, which have caused permanent neurological damage in cases of
repeated abuse. Withdrawing from hallucinogens is not easy, and abusers will
need professional treatment in a rehab facility.
5.Amphetamines-Accelerating the user’s bodily and mental functions,
amphetamines can cause manic periods of distress in abusers. These periods are
usually accompanied by extreme paranoia, inexplicable behavior, and delusions.
Some amphetamine abusers become very violent and attack loved ones
unintentionally and could suffer permanent physical changes in appearance,
irreversible brain damage, and nerve damage. Amphetamines are harsh,
dangerous drugs, and users need medical attention and safe rehabilitation in
professional facilities.
6. Marijuana- Marijuana is the most common illegal drug that is abused, and many
people begin using it as a recreational drug in social situations. Continued abuse
of marijuana can lead to addiction, and the substance can affect the physical
coordination, memory, and mental functions of users over time. Some users have
even lost relationships, jobs, and homes because they abused the drug. While it is
easy to abuse marijuana, it is not easy to stop using it, so professional treatment is
very important to refrain from abuse.
7. Inhalants-Inhalants are not technically in the category of narcotics, but people
abuse them and can become addicted to them over time. Some of the substances
that are considered inhalants include spray paint, butane, and nitrous oxide that
they can inhale to achieve a high. Inhalants cause euphoric and numb feelings for
a brief while, so repetitive use is common. It is very risky to abuse inhalants
because they could lead to permanent brain damage or sudden death. Users must
stop inhaling the substances before damage occurs.
9. Prescription Drugs-The second-most commonly abused drugs are prescriptions,
including everything from anti-anxiety medications to sedatives and ADHD pills to
anti-seizure medications. The abuse of prescription painkillers such as Vicodin and
Oxycodone during recovery from injuries is also very common. Abuse of
prescription medications can be very dangerous if the abusers do not seek
treatment.

2. Draw a mind map showing the risky behaviors of the teen and the factors influencing their
engagement to such behaviors. Discuss holistic measures positively affects the teen
preventing such bad habits.