YOUR FRIEND Legal Translation
الترجمة القانونية
TRA 333
Dictionary of Law
Legal Glossary. By Taqwa Almomani
BELIEVE IN YOURSELF AND YOU
WILL BE UNSTOPPABLE
TRA Summaries
English Creativity
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By: Taqwa Almomani
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GOAT
Designed by: Nour N.Slim
TENSES RULES
Introduction
Translation: is the process of transferring the meaning of a Source Language
Text (SLT) into the Target Language Text (TLT).
Law: is a group of legal rules that govern the life of certain people in certain
place.
Legal Language: is the language used in writing the legal documents such as
legislations, contracts, agreements, court decisions and so on.
. هذه التعاريف لإلطالع فقط وليس للحفظ:مالحظة
There are three types of legal languages:
1. Academic Legal Writing, which is the language used in writing the legal
books and reports.
2. Juridical Writing ,القضاء لغةwhich includes the judgements issued by courts.
3. Legislative Writing ,التشريع لغةwhich includes the documents issued by the
parliament, constitutional documents الدستورية الوثائق, contracts, agreements,
and so on.
What are the Characteristics of Legal Language?
• Simple, it follows inherited traditions of writing the legal documents.
• Clear, it tries to avoid ambiguity.
• Precise, it tries to include all meaning aspects.
The Framework of the Legal Document
• Punctuation, it is very essential in writing because it determines the end of one sentence and
the beginning of another. Changing the place of punctuation marks in a sentence may change
the meaning of the whole sentence, for example: A woman without her man is nothing.
_ A woman, without her man, is nothing. (This sentence can be interpreted as an insult for the
woman as she is nothing)
_ A woman: without her, man is nothing. (This sentence can be interpreted as a compliment for
the woman, as without her man is nothing)
In legal context, Comma has four main uses:
a) It is used to define the modification clauses. e.g. In accordance with the
provisions of Article (2), ....
b) It is used to define the begging and the end of the embedded phrase or clause
with the legal sentence. e.g. The place of delivery is the seller’s place of business,
if he has one, and if not, his residence
c) It is used in conditional sentences. e.g. If it is payable in whole or in part in goods,
each party is a seller of the goods, which he is to transfer d) It is used to separate
successive nouns or verbs in the sentence. e.g. Agent shall attend to Principle’s
interests in every respect and comply with Principle’s instructions, particularly with
instructions concerning prices, terms of payment, and conditions of delivery
Capitalization, legal document’s writers tend to capitalize the initials of the
important words in legal documents, for example:
THIS CONTRACT has been made and entered into
BY AND BETWEEN
The Landlord undertakes to hand over the leased estate to the Tenant
immediately after signing the Contract.
Italicized words, some words are italicized in the legal documents for
emphasis, for example:
Whereas, The Second Party owns the flat no. (XXX).
(Whereas) indicates the beginning of a new paragraph.
Old terms, such as WITNESSETH يشهد, this word is written in capital
letters to indicate the importance of this word.
The Structure of (and/or)
This structure is very common in legal documents, it is also used with couplings. It means
For example:
If the Contractor suffers delay and/or incurs costs, then the Engineer shall take such delay
into account.
.إذا عانى المقاول من تأخير أو تحمل تكاليف أو صادف االثنين معا فعلى المهندس أن يأخذ هذا التأخير بالحسبان
• Archaic Terms مصطلحات قديمة
A_Here + preposition/particle (It means in this contract/ agreement
االتفاق/ الوثيقة/تعني هذا العقد
Such as ( Here to, herby, hereunder, hereof, herewith, herein, hereinafter,
hereinabove, etc. )
For example:
Mr. John hereinafter referred to as Employer and Mr. Jack hereinafter referred to
as Contractor
.السيد جون والمشار إليه في هذا العقد بصاحب العمل والسيد جاك المشار إليه في هذا العقد بالمقاول
B_There + preposition/particle (It refers to a person or a thing directly
mentioned after it تشير إلى شخص أو شيء ذكر مباشرة بعدها
Such as ( Thereto, thereof, thereby, therewith, therefore, therein )
For example:
The Insurance Company or any duly authorized collector thereof
شركة التأمين أو اي محصل تابع لها مفوضا تفويضا صحيحا
C_ Where + preposition/particle
It refers to what has been mentioned تشير إلى ما سبق ذكره
Such as (Whereof, whereby), for example:
In witness whereof the said parties have hereunto set their hands and
seals the day and year first above written.
.وبما ذكر تحرر هذا العقد في اليوم والسنة المذكورين فيه وأمضاه الطرفان وبصماه بخاتميها
Repeating the Same Word instead of using the Pronoun, for example:
The Tenant shall pay the price of the flat to the Landlord at the office of the Landlord
If we look at this example, we cannot use the possessive pronoun his office, as it will be
ambiguous.
The Use of "Which" + the Repeated Word.
The relative pronoun "which" is used after the repeated word in order to avoid
the wrong interpretation of its reference. For example:
Landlord shall have the right, subject to Tenant's consent, which consent shall not
be unreasonably withheld, to enter the dwelling unit in order to inspect the premises.
.يحق للمالك بشرط موافقة المستأجر التي لن يمنعها عنه بدون سبب معقول دخول الوحدة السكنية لمعاينة العقار
NOTE:
SUCH is a substitute pronoun that has the same meaning of (these). For example:
If the Employee incurs any further costs, then the Employer shall take such
costs into consideration.
. عندئٍذ يأخذ صاحب العمل هذه التكاليف في االعتبار،إذا تكّبد العامل أية تكاليف إضافية
LEGAL SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Lexical Features
