beg-`kg †kÖwY ● weÁvb ● Aa¨vqwfwËK mswÿß/Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœi DËi
Aa¨vq—7: A¤ø, ÿviK I je‡Yi e¨envi
1. gvwUi De©iZv evov‡Z Kx Kx mvi e¨envi Kiv nq?
DËi: gvwUi De©iZv evov‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqvg bvB‡UªU (NH4NO3), A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU [(NH4)3PO4], cUvwmqvg
bvB‡UªU (KNO3) BZ¨vw` mvi e¨envi Kiv nq|
2. wkíKviLvbvq cÖfveK wn‡m‡e Kx Kx jeY e¨eüZ nq?
DËi: wkíKviLvbvq cÖfveK wn‡m‡e Zuy‡Z (CuSO4.5H2O), gviwKDwiK mvj‡dU (HgSO4), wmjfvi mvj‡dU
(AgSO4) BZ¨vw` jeY e¨eüZ nq|
3. K‡qKwU ¶vi‡Ki bv‡gi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki hv Avgiv Lv`¨ I cvbxq‡Z e¨envi Kwi|
DËi: K‡qKwU ¶vi‡Ki bv‡gi ZvwjKv wbgœiƒc:
Lv`¨ ¶vi‡Ki bvg
Pzb CaO
Pz‡bi cvwb Ca(OH)2
†ewKs †mvWv NaHCO3
wewfbœ wdwR (M¨vmgy³) cvbxq NaHCO3
4. cÖkgb wewµqvq wb‡`©k‡Ki f~wgKv Kx?
DËi: wb‡`©kK GwmW ¶v‡ii cÖkgb wewµqvq cÖkgb ¶Y ev †kl we›`y wb‡`©k K‡i| ZvQvov wb‡`©k‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ `ªeYwU
GwmWxq bv ¶vixq bv wbi‡c¶ Zv kbv³ Kiv hvq|
5. cÖkgb wewµqv e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: †h wewµqvq GwmW I ÿvi wewµqv K‡i jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K cÖkgb wewµqv e‡j| A_©vr,
GwmW + ÿvi = jeY + cvwb
H2SO4 + NaOH = Na2SO4 + H2O
6. Avgv‡`i ˆ`wbK Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq GwmWhy³ Lv‡`¨i GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †KvbwU‡Z Kx GwmW Av‡Q †jL|
DËi: Avgv‡`i ˆ`wbK Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq GwmWhy³ Lv‡`¨i GKwU ZvwjKv wbgœiƒc:
GwmWhy³ Lv`¨ Gwm‡Wi bvg
†jey, Ugv‡Uv, Kgjv, Avbvim mvBwUªK GwmW
kvKmewR Ges KPz I KPzi jwZ A·vwjK GwmW
`B j¨vKwUK GwmW
AvOzi UviUvwiK GwmW
Av‡cj, bvkcvwZ g¨vwjK GwmW
†ZuZzj UviUvwiK GwmW
7. GwmW I ¶v‡ii cÖkgb wewµqvi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi: GwmW I ¶v‡ii cÖkgb wewµqvi ¸iæZ¡ wbgœiƒc—
i. Rjxq `ªe‡Y GwmW I ¶v‡ii cÖkgb wewµqv Øviv GKwU `ªe‡Yi Rvbv NbgvÎv †_‡K Aci `ªe‡Yi ARvbv NbgvÎv
wbY©q Kiv hvq|
ii. A¤ø I ¶v‡ii cÖkgb wewµqv Øviv jeY ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
8. †ewKs †mvWv Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i?
DËi: †ewKs †mvWv n‡jv NaHCO3| gq`vi mv‡_ †ewKs †mvWv †g‡L hLb †KK, cvDiæwU ˆZwi Kiv nq, ZLb GwU
DËv‡c we‡qvwRZ nq Ges Drcbœ CO2 wQ`ª ˆZwi K‡i †ei n‡q hvq hv †KK ev cvDiæwU‡K dzwj‡q †Zv‡j|
9. †KvK, dvbUv, †ccwm cÖf„wZ cvbx‡qi †evZ‡j wQwc †Lvjvi ci ey`ey` I‡V †Kb?
DËi: evRv‡i ˆ`bw›`b e¨envh© wewfbœ cvbxq †hgb: †KvK, dvbUv, †ccwm cÖf„wZ cvIqv hvq| G¸‡jv‡Z cÖPÐ Pv‡c
†mvwWqvg evBKve©‡bU Ges mvBwUªK GwmW †hvM Kiv nq| †evZ‡ji gyL Lyj‡j Pvc AcmvwiZ nq| d‡j `ªexf~Z Kve©b
WvBA·vBW ey`ey` AvKv‡i †ei n‡q Av‡m|
10. Lv‡`¨ jeY e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb?
DËi: Lv‡`¨i ¯^v` e„w× Ges Lv`¨‡K cPb †_‡K msi¶‡Y mnvqZv K‡i e‡j Lv‡`¨ jeY e¨envi Kiv nq|
Lv`¨ je‡Yi m‡½ cUvwmqvg Av‡qvWvBW jeY wgwk‡q Av‡qvWvBW jeY ˆZwi Kiv nq| Av‡qvWvBW jeY e¨env‡i Avgiv
nvev‡Mvev MjMÐ BZ¨vw` †ivM †_‡K i¶v cvB| GKvi‡YB cÖvq mKj cÖKvi Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z me©`v Lv`¨ jeY e¨eüZ nq|
11. †gŠgvwQi ûj dzUv‡bv ¯’v‡b †ewKs †mvWv jvMv‡j e¨_v K‡g hvq †Kb?
DËi: †gŠgvwQi û‡j diwgK GwmW _v‡K| GB GwmW‡K cÖkwgZ Ki‡Z GKwU `ye©j ¶vi‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq| ZvB Avgiv
†ewKs †mvWv AvµvšÍ ¯’v‡b jvMvB| G‡Z e¨_v Dckg nq|
12. †evjZv ev fxgiæ‡ji ûj dzUv‡bv ¯’v‡b wf‡bMvi †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?
DËi: †evjZv ev fxgiæ‡ji û‡j wn÷vwgb bvgK ÿviK c`v_© _v‡K| GB ¶viK‡K cÖkwgZ Ki‡Z GKwU Gwm‡Wi
cÖ‡qvRb nq| ZvB Avgiv ¶Z¯’v‡b wf‡bMvi ev GwmwUK GwmW (CH3COOH) jvMvB|
13. cix¶vMv‡i †h jeY ˆZwi nq Zvi `ywU cÖ¯‘wZ D‡jL Ki|
DËi: cix¶vMv‡i jeY ˆZwii `ywU cÖ¯‘wZ wbgœiƒc:
i. avZzi mv‡_ Gwm‡Wi wewµqvq jeY ˆZwi nq| †hgbÑ
Zn + H2SO4 ⟶ ZnSO4 + H2
ii. GwmW I ¶v‡ii cÖkgb wewµqvq jeY ˆZwi nq| †hgbÑ
HCl + NaOH ⟶ NaCl + H2O
14. HCl Zxeª GwmW A_P H2CO3 g„`y GwmW †Kb?
DËi: HCl Rjxq `ªe‡Y m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AvqwbZ n‡q H+ Drcbœ K‡i| ZvB HCl Zxeª GwmW| H2CO3 Rjxq `ªe‡Y AwZ
Aí msL¨K H+ Drcbœ K‡i| ZvB H2CO3 g„`y GwmW|
15. †Kv‡bv †hŠ‡M OH- g~jK _vK‡jB Zv ¶vi nq bv—Dw³wUi e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: †Kv‡bv †hŠ‡M OH- g~jK _vK‡j Zv ¶vi bv n‡q ¶viKI n‡Z cv‡i| ¶vi n‡Z n‡j Aek¨B Zv cvwb‡Z `ªve¨
n‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ ¶viK cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z n‡Z cv‡i bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
