The University of Burdwan

Syllabus for 4-Year Honours in

Biotechnology
under Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate
Programmes (CCFUP) as per NEP, 2020
with effect from 2023-24

1
 SEMESTER WISE & COURSE WISE CREDIT DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE UNDER CCFUP AS PER NEP, 2020

Distribution of Marks

Name of the Full

Semester Course Type Level Credit Lect. Tuto. Pract./Viva Pract.
Course Marks
/Tuto./ Internal
Theory
Viva- Assessment
voce

Major/DS Course BIOT1011:

(Core) Fundamental of
4 3 0 1 75 40 20 15
100- Biotechnology
199

Minor Course BIOT1021:

100- Human Welfare 4 3 0 1 75 40 20 15
199

Multi/Inter BIOT1031:
disciplinary Introduction to 3 2 1 0 50 40 0 10
Biotechnology

Ability Enhancement …… 1041:

Arabic/ Bengali/
Course (AEC) [L1-1 Hindi/ Sanskrit/
MIL] Santali/ Urdu
I
or Equvlnt.
Course from 2 2 0 0 50 40 0 10
SWAYAM/Any
other UGC-
recognized
platform

Skill Enhancement BIOT1051:

Course (SEC) Molecular
Diagnostic and 3 2 1 0 50 40 0 10
Forensic
Techniques

Common Value Added CVA1061:

Environmental
(CVA) Course Science/ 4 3 0 1 100 60 20 20
Education

20 400
Total

2
 Distribution of Marks

Name of the Pract./Viva Full Pract.

Semester Course Type Level Credit Lect. Tuto.
Course Marks /
Internal
Theory Tuto./
Assessment
Viva-
voce

Major/DS Course BIOT2011:

(Core) Biochemistry and
4 3 0 1 75 40 20 15
100- Metabolism
199

Minor Course BIOT2021:

100- Developmental 4 3 0 1 75 40 20 15
199 Biology

Multi/Interdisciplinary BIOT2031: 3 2 1 50 40 0 10
Biotechniques

Ability Enhancement ENGL2041: 2 2 0 0 50 40 0 10

Functional
English or
Course (AEC)[L2-1] Equvlnt. Course
from SWAYAM/
II /Any other UGC-
recognized
platform

Skill Enhancement BIOT2051:

Course (SEC) Fermentation 3 2 1 0 50 40 0 10
Technology

Common Value Added CVA2061:

Understanding
(CVA) Course India/Digital &
technological
solutions/Health&4 3/3 1/0 0/1 100 80/60 0/20 20
Wellness, Yoga
Education,
Sports& Fitness

20 400
Total

3
Major Semester -I
BIOT1011 Fundamental of Biotechnology
CR 4 Full Marks 75 (Th. 40 + Prac. 20 + IA. 15)
Course Objective
 To explore the historical practices and everyday applications of Biotechnology in order to
gain a comprehensive understanding of its principles.
 To apply biotechnology effectively in diverse fields such as health, food, agriculture, and
medicine.
 To learn the importance of ethics and regulatory issues while practicing Biotechnology.

Theory CR.- 3, Marks- 40

Introduction to Biotechnology- History, Trends in Biotechnology 6L
Branches of Biotechnology- Animal Biotechnology, Computational Biotechnology,
Environmental Biotechnology, Forensic Biotechnology, Industrial Biotechnology, Microbial
Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology, Plant and Agricultural
Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 15 L
Brief Introduction to Genomics and Proteomics 4L
Basic Introduction to Gene Manipulation- GMO 4L
Ethics in Biotechnology, IPR and Bio-entrepreneurship 6L
Careers in Biotechnology 5L

Practical CR.-1, Marks- 20

 Basic principles of Biotechnology laboratory protocols and biosafety measures.
 Preparation of solutions based on molarity, molality, normality, percentage, and dilutions.
 Preparation and properties of different buffer solutions.
 Preparation and sterilization of culture media for animal, microbes and plant.
 Demonstration of basic fundamental instruments essential for experiments including pH
meter, colorimeter, light microscope, centrifuge and electrophoresis.
 Calibration of basic laboratory equipment like pH meter and colorimeter.

Suggested readings
Biotechnology Fundamentals by Firdous Alam (3rd Edition).
Introduction to Biotechnology by William J. Thieman and Michael A. Palladino

4
 Biotechnology: Expanding Horizons by B. D. Singh
Biotechnology: Academic Cell Update Edition by David P. Clark and Nanette J.
Pazdernik

Course Outcome
This paper holds great significance for students as it provides them with essential knowledge of
biotechnology and its potential for career development. The main objective is to make students
familiar with wide scope of Biotechnology such as microbial biotechnology, recombinant DNA
technology, plant and animal biotechnology, computational biotechnology, genomics, and
proteomics. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of these branches, students will be
equipped to make informed decisions regarding their field of study and future career paths within
the biotechnology domain.
**Minor

BIOT1021 Human Welfare

CR 4 Full Marks 75 (Th. 40 + Prac. 20 + IA. 15)
Course Objective
 To develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and
applications of biotechnology in addressing human welfare challenges.
 To examine the role of biotechnology in enhancing healthcare, including the development
of advanced diagnostics, therapeutics, and personalized medicine.
 To explore the contributions of biotechnology to food security and sustainable
agriculture.

Theory CR.- 3, Marks- 40

Industrial production of alcohol and antibiotic (Penicillin). 10 L

Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture, N2 fixation, transfer of pest resistance genes to

plants. 8L

Application of biotechnology in environments: e.g., chlorinated and non-chlorinated organic

pollutant degradation; degradation of hydrocarbons and agricultural wastes, stress management,
development of biodegradable polymers such as PHB. 12L

Application of Biotechnology in forensic science: e.g., solving violent crimes such as murder and
rape; solving claims of paternity and theft etc. using various methods of DNA finger printing. 4 L

Application of Biotechnology in health, basic concept of therapy. 8L

5
Practical CR.-1, Marks- 20
(Wherever wet lab experiments are not possible the principles and concepts can be
demonstratedthrough any other material or medium including videos/virtual labs etc.)

 Study of ethanolic fermentation using Baker’s yeast

 Study of a plant part infected with a microbe
 Isolation and analysis of DNA from minimal available biological samples
 Preparation of root nodules from a leguminous plant
 Dissertation based on applications of biotechnology (any one topic from theory syllabus)
and viva-voce to be conducted on whole syllabus of the practical paper.

Course Outcome
This course aims to provide students with comprehensive knowledge of biotechnological
approaches applied to various aspects of human welfare. This course will introduce societal
aspect of the subject Biotechnology. By gaining insights into these approaches, students will be
better prepared for their future careers and job opportunities.

Suggested readings
Casida LE. (1991). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition. Wiley Eastern Limited.
Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial
Microbiology. 2nd edition. Panima Publishing Co. New Delhi.
Patel AH. (1996). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition, Macmillan India Limited.
Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ. (2006). Principles of Fermentation Technology.
2nd edition, Elsevier Science Ltd.
Salisbury, Whitaker and Hall. Principles of fermentation Technology.

N.B. **Exclusively for students of B.Sc. Biotechnology

Multi/Interdisciplinary Course
BIOT1031 Introduction to Biotechnology
CR 3 Full Marks 50 (Th. 40 + IA. 10)
Course Objective
 To develop a comprehensive knowledge of the fundamental concepts and theories that
underpin Biotechnology.
6
  To gain an understanding of the historical development and milestones in biotechnology,
as well as its current and future impact on various fields.
 To understand the ethical considerations, safety protocols, and regulatory frameworks
associated with biotechnological practices.

Theory CR.- 3, Marks- 40

History of Biotechnology: Applications and scope of Biotechnology in global market. 6L
Structure and Function Biomolecules and their estimation: Carbohydrate- Sugar and their
derivatives; Protein; amino acids, Lipids; fatty acids, glycerol and cholesterol, Nucleic acids;
nucleotides. 10 L
Genetics: Mendelian genetics, Linkage and crossing over, Gene mapping and mutation. 10 L
Cell and organisms: Cell structure and components, Organization of life, Cell division, Cell cycle
and cellular properties, reproduction 14 L

Course outcome
Encourage students to understand the interconnectedness of Biotechnology and other scientific
fields, and to develop a thirst for knowledge and a lifelong commitment to learning in the field of
biotechnology.

Suggested readings
Introduction to Biotechnology by William J. Thieman and Michael A. Palladino
Biotechnology: Expanding Horizons by B. D. Singh

Skill Enhancement Course

BIOT1051 Molecular Diagnostic and Forensic Techniques
CR 3 Full Marks 50 (Th. 40 + I.A. 10)

Course objective
 To gain knowledge of the fundamental concepts and techniques used in molecular
diagnostics, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing,
 To explore the applications of molecular techniques in forensic investigations, including
DNA profiling, forensic DNA analysis, and forensic pathology.

Theory CR.- 3, Marks- 40

Molecular methods in Clinical Microbiology, Applications of PCR, RFLP, Hybridization
(Nucleic acid base) methods, Immunofluorescent, Immune diagnostic test. 8L

7
 Enzyme Immunoassay- Enzymes available for Enzyme immune assays and conjugation of
enzymes: General Idea. Solid phases used in Enzyme Immunoassays. Homogeneous and
Heterogenous Enzyme Immunoassays. Enzyme Immune Histochemical Techniques. Use of
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies in Enzyme Immunoassays. 12 L
Introduction and Principles of Forensic Science and Techniques. Forensic Science Laboratory
and its Organization and Services. Tools and Techniques in Forensic Science. Forensic
Entomology. Criminology- Causes of crime and role of modus operandi in investigation. Injury
types, methods of assessing various types of death. 12 L
Principles of DNA Fingerprinting: Role of satellite DNA, Different types of repetitive sequences
in Fingerprinting. Application of DNA Fingerprinting in Forensic media. 6L

Course Outcome
This course is designed to provide students with basic knowledge of various aspects of
biotechnology and its applications specifically in the domains of health Biotechnology including
forensic science. By acquiring knowledge from this course, students will be equipped to apply
these techniques effectively in their future employment opportunities.

Suggested readings
Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications of recombinant DNA. ASM Press,
Washington.
B.B. Nanda and R.K. Tiwari, Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the Twenty First
Century, Select Publishers, New Delhi (2001).
M.K. Bhasin and S. Nath, Role of Forensic Science in the New Millennium, University
of Delhi, Delhi (2002).
S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and
Investigative Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005).
W.G. Eckert and R.K. Wright in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edition, W.G.
Eckert (ED.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).
R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004).
W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s Techniques of Crime Scene
Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).

8
 Semester II

Major
BIOT2011 Biochemistry and Metabolism
CR 4 Full Marks 75 (Th. 40 + Prac. 20 + IA. 15)
Course Objective
 The objective of this course is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of
the fundamental principles including the structure, function, and metabolism of biological
molecules and applications of biochemistry.

Theory CR.- 3, Marks- 40

Carbohydrates: Definition; structure of carbohydrates- monosaccharide, aldohexoses and
ketohexoses with examples; Howarth structure, anomeric structures of D-glucose, mutarotation,
pyranose and furanose rings. Oligo- and polysaccharides, reducing (maltose) and non-reducing
(sucrose), disaccharides; glycoproteins, proteoglycans. 8L
Carbohydrates metabolism: Reaction, energetic & regulation: Glycolysis: Fate of pyruvate under
aerobic & anaerobic condition. Pentose phosphate pathway & its digestion. Gluconeogenesis,
Glycogenolysis & Glycogen synthesis. TCA Cycle, Electro transfer chain, Oxidative
phosphorylation, beta oxidation of fatty acids. 6L
Proteins: Peptides and proteins; structures and important properties, classification of amino
acids, important physical and chemical properties of amino acids (optical isomerism, UV-
absorption, ionization, reactions due to amino group and carboxyl group). Primary structure of
peptides. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, classification of proteins (based
on solubility and composition). C and N terminal amino acid determination. 10 L
Lipids: Definition, distinction between fats and oils, structure of lipids (fatty acids, glycerolipids,
sphingolipids). 5L
Nucleic acids: Structure of nucleic acids; nucleosides, nucleotides, primary structure, A, B and Z
form of DNA; preliminary idea of secondary structures of RNA and DNA; melting point and
denaturation of DNA. 5L
Enzymes: Definition of enzymes, important terms (enzyme unit, specific activity), classification
of enzymes; physico-chemical properties, factors affecting activity; mechanism of enzyme
action, coenzymes, cofactors 6 L
.

9
Practical CR.-1, Marks- 20

 Qualitative tests for sugars, amino acids, proteins & lipids; separation of amino acids by
PC/TLC methods.
 Quantitative estimation of sugars (DNS method) and proteins (Folin-Phenol).
 Isolation and quantification of DNA (diphenylamine method) and RNA (orcinolmethod)
analysis, saponification value of fat.
 Quantitative assay for protease & catalase from plant source.
 To study the effect of Ph, Temperature on the activity of salivary amylase

Course Outcome
Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of the basic principles of biochemistry,
including the structure, function, and metabolism of biological molecules. Students will gain a
deep understanding of the major metabolic pathways involved in energy production, including
glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and photosynthesis. Overall,
successful completion of this biochemistry course will equip students with a strong foundation in
the principles and applications of biochemistry, preparing them for further studies or careers in
various fields.

Suggested readings
Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2006). Biochemistry. VI Edition. W.H
Freeman and Co.
Buchanan, B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R. (2000) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
of Plants.American Society of Plant Biologists.
Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2004) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th Edition, WH
Freeman and Company, New York, USA.
Hopkins, W.G. and Huner, P.A. (2008) Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley and
Sons.
Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. (1991) Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd.
Biochemistry Practical- Plummer
Biochemistry Practical- SwadashivamManikap

**Minor

BIOT2021 Developmental Biology

CR 4 Full Marks 75 (Th. 40 + Prac. 20 + IA. 15)
Course Objective
 To gain knowledge of the fundamental principles and concepts of developmental biology,
including the stages of embryonic development and the cellular and molecular
mechanisms involved.
10
  To examine the cellular processes, such as cell division, differentiation, migration, and
tissue patterning, that contribute to organogenesis and tissue formation.

Theory CR.- 3, Marks- 40

Scope of studying developmental biology in biotechnological applications, Gametogenesis and
Fertilization- Definition, scope & historical perspective of development Biology, Gametogenesis
– Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis Fertilization-Definition, mechanism, types of fertilization.
Different types of eggs on the basis of yolk. 10 L

Early embryonic development- Cleavage: Definition, types, patterns & mechanism Blastulation:
Process, types & mechanism Gastrulation: Morphogenetic movements– epiboly, emboly,
extension, invagination, convergence, de-lamination. Formation & differentiation of primary
germ layers, Fate Maps in early embryos. 10 L

Embryonic Differentiation- Differentiation: Cell commitment and determination- the epigenetic

landscape: a model of determination and differentiation, control of differentiation at the level of
genome, transcription and post-translation level Concept of embryonic induction: Primary,
secondary & tertiary embryonic induction,Neural induction and induction of vertebrate lens.10 L
Organogenesis- Neurulation, notogenesis, development of vertebrate eye. Fate of different
primary germlayers Development of behavior: constancy & plasticity, Extra embryonic
membranes, placenta in Mammals. 10L

Practical CR.-1, Marks- 20

(Principle & concepts can be demonstrated through videos/virtual labs or other materials)

 Identification of developmental stages of chick and frog embryo using permanent mounts
 Preparation of a temporary stained mount of chick embryo.
 Study of developmental stages of Anopheles. [From permanent slides or
photomicrographs]
 Study of the developmental stages of Drosophila from stock culture/ photographs.
 Study of different types of placenta [Photographs or models].

Course outcome
By the end of this course on Developmental Biology, students will be able to describe the key
stages and processes involved in the development of multicellular and understand the role of
genetics and epigenetics in developmental processes, including the regulation of cell
differentiation and tissue patterning. organisms. This course will also teach the importance of
studying Developmental Biology in Reproductive Engineering.

11
Suggested readings
Gilbert, S. F. (2006). Developmental Biology, VIII Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc.,
Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International Thomson Computer
Press.
Kalthoff, (2000). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-Hill
Professional.

N.B. **Exclusively for students of B.Sc. Biotechnology

Multi/Inter disciplinary Course

BIOT2031 Biotechniques
CR 3 Full Marks 50 (Th. 40 + IA. 10)
Course Objective
 To teach students with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles of
basic instruments including microscopy, spectroscopy, and chromatography.
 To provide students with a foundation in the basic concepts of culture techniques.

Theory CR.- 3, Marks- 40

Analytical techniques: Microscopy, Spectroscopy, Chromatography, Electrophoresis (Agarose
and PAGE), PCR and Q-PCR 10 L
Culture techniques: Plant, Animal and Microbes (E. coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Influenza) 10 L
Isolation of genomic DNA and plasmid DNA 10 L
Methods of gene transfer: Electroporation, Gene gun technique, Agrobacterium mediated
genetransfer. 10 L

Course outcome
This course will equip students with the fundamental knowledge of biotechniques, which will
prepare them to use these techniques in their future careers.
Suggested readings
Introduction to Biotechnology by William J. Thieman and Michael A. Palladino
Biotechnology: Expanding Horizons by B. D. Singh

12
Skill Enhancement Course
BIOT2051 Fermentation Technology
CR 3 Full Marks 50 (Th. 40 + IA. 10)
Course Objectives
 To comprehend the practical application of different process techniques in large-scale
bioprocessing.
 To acquire the skills and knowledge necessary for aseptic transfer, inoculum
development, and upstream processing in fermentation processes.
 To gain an understanding of various fermentation processes used to produce value-added
products utilizing low-value substrates as raw materials, employing microorganisms or
enzymes as biocatalysts.

Theory CR.- 3, Marks- 40

Production of industrial chemicals, biochemicals and chemotherapeutic products. gluconic acid,
Biofuels: Biogas, hydrogen, biodiesel, microbial electricity, starch conversion processes;
Microbial insecticides. 15 L
Microbial products of pharmacological interest, steroid transformations. Secondary metabolism –
its significance and products. Enzyme and cell immobilization techniques in industrial
processing. 15L
Purification & characterization of proteins, Upstream and downstream processing. 10 L

Course outcome
This course aims to provide students with comprehensive information on various industrial
techniques associated with food technology and microbial biotechnology. The knowledge gained
will equip students for future employment in diverse industries.

Suggested reading

Casida LE. (1991). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition. Wiley Eastern Limited.

Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial Microbiology.

2ndedition. Panima Publishing Co. New Delhi.

Patel AH. (1996). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition, Macmillan India Limited.
Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ. (2006). Principles of Fermentation Technology. 2ndedition,Elsevier
Science Ltd.

Salisbury, Whitaker and Hall. Principles of fermentation Technology

13
Proposed pool of subjects for Multi/Interdisciplinary courses

 Computer Applications
 Computer Science
 Geography
 Business Administration
 Mathematics

Students can choose multi/interdisciplinary courses from the above-

mentioned pool ofsubjects provided that the chosen subject is available
in the college concerned.
 SEMESTER WISE & COURSE WISE CREDIT DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE UNDER CCFUP AS
PER NEP, 2020

Distribution of Marks

Name of the Full

Semester Course Type Level Credit Lect. Tuto. Pract./ Pract.
Course Marks
Viva /Tuto./ Internal
Theory
Viva- Assessment
voce

Major/DS Course BIOT 3011: Cell

(Core) Biology 5 4 0 1 75 40 20 15

BIOT 3012:
Mammalian 5 4 0 1 75 40 20 15
200- Physiology
299

Minor Course 3021:

Vocational
4 75 15
Education &
200- Training
299

Multi/Inter BIOT3031:
III disciplinary Scope of 3 3 0 0 50 40 0 10
Biotechnology

Ability Enhancement ...... 3041: Arabic/

Course (AEC) [L1-2 Bengali/ Hindi/
MIL] Sanskrit/ Santali/
Urdu
or Equvlnt. 2 2 0 0 50 40 0 10
Course from
SWAYAM/Any
other UGC-
recognized
platform

Skill Enhancement BIOT3051:

Course (SEC) Enzymology 3 3 0 0 50 40 0 10

22 375
Total
 Distribution of Marks

Name of the Pract./ Full Pract.

Semester Course Type Level Credit Lect. Tuto.
Course Viva Marks /
Internal
Theory Tuto./
Assessment
Viva-
voce

Major/DS Course BIOT4011:

(Core) Plant 5 4 0 1 75 40 20 15
Physiology

BIOT4012: 5 4 0 1 75 40 20 15
Genetics
BIOT4013:
200- General 5 4 0 1 75 40 20 15
299 Microbiology
Minor Course** BIOT4021:
Biophysics &
Instrumentation
N.B. ** Exclusively for 4 3 0 1 75 40 20 15
students of B.Sc.
Biotechnology

IV
Minor Course** BIOT4022:
N.B. ** Exclusively for Human Genetics
students of B.Sc.
Biotechnology 4 3 0 1 75 40 20 15

200-
299

Ability Enhancement ENGL4041: 2 2 0 0 50 40 0 10

Course (AEC)[L2-2] Language and
Creativity or
Equvlnt. Course
from SWAYAM/
/Any other UGC-
recognized
platform

Total 25 425
 Semester-III
Major BIOT 3011: Cell Biology CR 5 Full Marks: 75 (40+20+15)
Course Objective
 To study the cellular details and chromosomal morphology
 To learn the endo-membrane system and cytoskeleton
 To study the cell cycle and cancer biology in details
Theory CR- 4, Marks: 40
1. Cellular basis of life: Cell doctrine, cells in general, diversity of cell size and shape, cell
theory; structure of eukaryotes and prokaryotes cells (including viruses).
6L
2. Cellular information: The nucleus (ultra-structure), the organization of chromosomes
(euchromatin and heterochromatin), nucleosome concept and chromosome packaging,
Chromatosome. 6L
3. The cell surface: Plasma membrane, membrane fluidity, movement across plasma membrane,
Modification of plasma membrane (Plasmodesmata and desmosome); Plants and bacterial cell
walls; an outline of extracellular substances of animal cells.
10L
4.Endo-membrane system:Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria,Golgi apparatus, Chloroplast,
lysosomal system, plant cell vacuoles, microbodies structure and function.
10L
5. The cytoskeleton: Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.
6L
6. Introduction to cell cycle: Phases, check points; Mitosis & Meiosis.
4L
7. Cancer: Carcinogenesis, agents promoting carcinogenesis, characteristics and molecules basis
of cancer.
8L
Practical CR.-1, Marks- 20
1. Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome from grasshopper.
2. Preparation of Mitotic Chromosome from onion root tip.
3. Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome from Rhoeo discolor.
4. Preparation and study of polytene chromosome from Drosophila/Chironomous salivary gland.
5. Study of sex chromatin through preparation of Barr body from buccal epithelium and
Drumstick from blood film.
6. Study of chromosomal aberration induced by BHC & pesticide in onion root tips.
7. Artificial induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in onion root through colchicine exposure.
Suggested readings
1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John
Wiley & Sons. Inc.
2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th
edition.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
3. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition.
ASMPress& Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
4. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009. The World of the Cell. 7th
edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.

Course Outcome
This paper holds great significance for students as it provides them with essential knowledge of
cell and cancer biotechnology and its potential for career development in fundamental research.

Major BIOT 3012: Mammalian Physiology CR 5, Full Marks 75 (40+20+15)

Course objective:
The course objective is to study the different physiological system of mammals such as
 Digestion and Respiration system
 Circulatory system
 Muscular physiology and Nervous and endocrine system

Theory CR-4, Marks: 40

Digestion and Respiration
Digestion: Mechanism of digestion & absorption of carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and nucleic
acids. Composition of bile, Saliva, Pancreatic, gastric and intestinal juice Respiration: Exchange
of gases, Transport of O2 and CO2, Oxygen dissociation curve, high altitude adaptation,
Chloride shift. 10L
Circulation
Composition of blood, Plasma proteins, lymph & their role, blood cells, Haemopoisis,
Mechanism of coagulation of blood. Cardiac output, cardiac cycle, Origin & conduction of
heartbeat. 10L
Muscle physiology and osmoregulation
Structure of cardiac, smooth & skeletal muscle, threshold stimulus, All or None rule, single
muscle twitch, muscle tone, isotonic and isometric contraction, Physical, chemical & electrical
events of mechanism of muscle contraction.
 10L
Excretion and Osmoregulation
Excretion: modes of excretion, Ornithine cycle, Mechanism of urine formation &
Osmoregulation in vertebrates 6L
Nervous and endocrine coordination
Mechanism of generation & propagation of nerve impulse, structure of synapse, synaptic
conduction, saltatory conduction, Neurotransmitters, Mechanism of action of hormones (insulin
and steroids) Different endocrine glands– Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid,
parathyroid and adrenals, hypo & hyper-secretions. 14L

Practical CR-1, Marks: 20

1. Finding the coagulation time of blood
2. Determination of blood groups
3. Counting of mammalian RBCs
4. Determination of TLC and DLC
5. Demonstration of action of salivary amylase
6. Hemoglobin estimation [Sahli’s method]

Suggested Reading
1. Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. XI Edition. Hercourt Asia
PTE Ltd. /W.B. Saunders Company.
2. Tortora, G.J. & Grabowski, S. (2006). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. XI Edition. John
wiley & sons,Inc.
Course Outcome:
After successful completion of the course, the student will be able to: Explain human anatomy
and physiology: describe cellular levels of organization, and the basics of biochemistry and cell
biology.
Minor Course
3021: Vocational Education & Training CR-4 (Full Marks: 75)
Multi/Interdisciplinary BIOT3031: Scope of Biotechnology CR-3 Full Marks: 50(40+10)
Course Objectives:
 Students develop global competencies in the area of basic and applied biological
sciences.
 Enhancing the subject knowledge of students by using traditional and modern ICT based
teaching methods and learning by doing
Theory Marks: 40

1. A basic idea on plant and agriculture Biotechnology and its scope, Plant tissue culture
techniques and its applications: genetically modified crop, Horticulture, forestation and
conservation. 15L
2. Biotechnology in animal husbandry and poultry – Transgenic animals, milk and meat
production, food biotechnology, leather technology. 15L
3. Basic idea on microbial morphology, Industrial production of ethanol. Basic idea on
Biofertilizer and biopesticide 10L
4. Health Biotechnology: Diagnostic, Therapeutics, Vaccine production, Biotechnology
assisted health aids 10L
Course Outcome:
There is an immense career scope in Biotechnology and some of the major job opportunities in
Biotechnology include, Forensic Science Technicians, Medical Scientists, Microbiologists,
Environmental Biotechnologist, Geneticist, Molecular Biotechnologist, Epidemiologist, R&D
Scientists.
Suggested Readings
1. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th
edition.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
2. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASMPress
& Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
3. Casida LE. (1991). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition. Wiley Eastern Limited.
4. Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial
5. Microbiology. 2nd edition. Panima Publishing Co. New Delhi.
6. Patel AH. (1996). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition, Macmillan India Limited.
7. Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ. (2006). Principles of Fermentation Technology.2nd
edition, Elsevier Science Ltd.
8. Salisbury, Whitaker and Hall. Principles of fermentation Technology.
Ability Enhancement Course (AEC): MIL (L1-2) CR 2 Full Marks: 50 (40+10)

Skill Enhancement Course BIOT3051: Enzymology CR 3 Full Marks: 50 (40+10)

Course Objectives:
 The major learning objective of the course is to understand the theories of enzyme
kinetics, the mechanisms of enzyme catalysis, and the mechanisms of enzyme regulation
in the cell.
Theory MARKS-40
UNIT - I
Enzyme classification (rationale, overview and specific examples) Zymogens and their activation
(Proteases and Prothrombin). Enzyme substrate complex: concept of E-S complex, binding sites,
active site, specificity, Kinetics of enzyme activity, Michaelis-Menten equation and its
derivation, Different plots for the determination of Km and Vmax and their physiological
significance, factors affecting initial rate, E, S, temp. & pH. Collision and transition state
theories, Significance of activation energy and free energy. (20L)
UNIT – II
Enzyme regulation: Product inhibition, feedback control, covalent modification. Isoenzymes–
multiple forms of enzymes with special reference to lactate dehydrogenase. Multienzyme
complexes. Ribozymes. Multifunctional enzyme- eg. Fatty Acid synthase (15L)
UNIT – III
Enzyme Technology: Methods for large scale production of enzymes. Thermal stability and
catalytic efficiency of enzyme, site directed mutagenesis and enzyme engineering– selected
examples, Methods for protein sequencing (Edman’s degradation). (15L)

Suggested Readings
1. Biochemistry, Lubert Stryer, 6th Edition, WH Freeman, 2006.
2. Harper’s illustrated Biochemistry by Robert K. Murray, David A Bender, Kathleen M.Botham,
Peter J. Kennelly, Victor W. Rodwell, P. Anthony Weil. 28th Edition, McGrawHill, 2009.
3. Biochemistry, Donald Voet and Judith Voet, 2nd Edition, Publisher: John Wiley andSons,
1995.
4. Biochemistry by Mary K.Campbell& Shawn O.Farrell, 5th Edition, Cenage Learning,2005.
5. Fundamentals of Enzymology Nicholas Price and Lewis Stevens Oxford University Press
1999
6. Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics Athel Cornish-Bowden Portland Press 2004
7. Practical Enzymology Hans Bisswanger Wiley–VCH 2004
8. The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions Richard B. Silverman Academic Press
2002
Course outcome
The major learning objective of the course is to understand the theories of enzyme kinetics, the
mechanisms of enzyme catalysis, and the mechanisms of enzyme regulation in the cell. At the
conclusion of the course students should be able to: Describe and use the equations of enzyme
kinetics. Describe the methods used in enzyme kinetics. Describe the principles of enzyme
inhibition. Describe the mechanisms of enzyme catalysis. Describe the catalytic mechanisms
employed by the well-characterized enzymes. Describe the mechanisms of enzyme regulation
 Semester-IV
Major Course

BIOT4011: Plant Physiology

CR 5 Full Marks 75 (40+20+15)

Course objective:
Aims of the course is to study different physiological activities of plant like
 Plant water relationship and idea on micro & macro nutrients
 Photosynthesis, photorespiration, nitrogen metabolism
 Plant growth and development

Theory CR-4, Marks: 40

Plant water relations and micro & macro nutrients 20L
Plant water relations: Importance of water to plant life, diffusion, osmosis, plasmolysis,
imbibition, guttation, transpiration, stomata & their mechanism of opening & closing. Micro
&macro nutrients: criteria for identification of essentiality of nutrients, roles and deficiency
systems of nutrients, mechanism of uptake of nutrients, mechanism of food transport
Carbon and nitrogen metabolism 15L
Photosynthesis- Photosynthetic pigments, concept of two photo systems, photophosphorylation,
calvin cycle, C4 cycle, CAM plants,SAM, photorespiration, compensation point, Nitrogen
metabolism- inorganic & molecular nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction and ammonium
assimilation in plants.
Growth and development 15L
Growth and development: Definitions, phases of growth, growth curve, growth hormones (auxin,
gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene), Physiological role and mode of action, seed
dormancy and seed germination, concept of flowering - role of photoperiodism, vernalization
and phytohormones.

Practical CR-1, Marks: 20

1. Study of evolution of oxygen during photosynthesis
2. Demonstration of opening & closing of stomata.
3. Preparation of root nodules from a leguminous plant.
4. Seed viability test using TTC.
5. Study of rate of transpiration per unit area of leaf.
Suggested Readings:
1. Hopkins, W.G. and Huner, P.A. Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley and Sons.
2. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. 2004 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, latest edition, W.H.
Freeman and Company, New York, USA.
3. Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd.
4. Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. Plant Physiology, latest edition, Sinauer Associates Inc .MA, USA

Course Outcome:
Encourage students to understand the different physiological aspect of plant in details whicl will
be helpful for them for further study.

BIOT4012: Genetics CR 5 Full Marks 75 (40+20+15)

Course objective:

 To build knowledge on the fundamentals of genetics, heredity, or inheritance.

 Understand how genes and chromosomes function.
 To build the foundation on the understanding of biological principles.
 To develop the understanding of life processes - survival and maintenance.
Theory CR-4, Marks: 40
UNIT I 15 L
Mendelian genetics: Monohybrid, di-hybrid crosses, Law of segregation & Principle of
independent assortment. Verification of segregates by test and back crosses, Chromosomal theory
of inheritance, Allelic interactions: Concept of dominance, recessiveness, incomplete dominance,
co-dominance, semi-dominance, pleiotropy, multiple alleles, pseudo-allele, essential and lethal
genes, penetrance and expressivity
UNIT II 8L
Non allelic interactions: Interaction producing new phenotype complementary genes, epistasis
(dominant & recessive), duplicate genes and inhibitory genes.
UNIT III 15 L
Chromosome and gene mutations: Definition and types of mutations, causes of mutations, Ames
test for mutagenic agents, screening procedures for isolation of mutants and uses of mutants,
variations in chromosomes structure - deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation
(reciprocal and Robertsonian),General concept of epigenetics, position effects of gene
expression, chromosomal aberrations in human beings, abnormalities– Aneuploidy and Euploidy.
UNIT IV 12 L
Genetic linkage, crossing over and chromosome mapping: Linkage and Recombination of genes
in a chromosome crossing over, Cytological basis of crossing over, Molecular mechanism of
crossing over, Crossing over at four strand stage, multiple crossing over Genetic mapping.
Practical CR-1, Marks: 20
1. Study of Rhoeo translocation.
2. Pedigree charts of some common characters like blood group, color blindness and PTC
testing.
3. Study of polyploidy in onion root tip by colchicine treatment.

Suggested reading
1. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J., Snustad, D.P. (2006). Principles of Genetics. VIII Edition John
Wiley & Sons.
2. Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition. John Wiley and Sons
Inc.
3. Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A. (2009). Concepts of Genetics. IX Edition.
Benjamin Cummings.
4. Russell, P. J. (2009). Genetics- A Molecular Approach. III Edition. Benjamin Cummings.
Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and Carroll, S.B. IX Edition. Introduction to
Genetic Analysis, W. H. Freeman & Co.

Course Outcome:
Studying genetics provides you with specialist subject knowledge, as well as skills in scientific
protocol, biological research and laboratory practice, which is essential if you intend to pursue a
career in a genetics-related job.

BIOT4013: General Microbiology

CR 5 Full Marks 75 (40+20+15)
Course objective:
 To understand the basics of microbiology
 Describe diversity of microorganisms, bacterial cell structure and function, microbial
growth and metabolism, and the ways to control their growth by physical and chemical
means
 To complement the students with the basic knowledge about microbial growth.
Theory CR-4, Marks: 40
UNIT I
Fundamentals, History of Microbiology. (10L)
Classification of microorganisms: Microbial taxonomy, criteria used to include molecular
approaches, Microbial phylogeny and current classification of bacteria. Microbial Diversity:
Distribution and characterization Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Morphology and cell
structure of major groups of microorganisms eg. Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Protozoa and Unique
features of viruses.
UNIT II (10 L)
Cultivation and Maintenance of microorganisms: Nutritional categories of micro-organisms,
methods of isolation, Purification and preservation.
UNIT III (15 L)
Microbial growth: Growth curve, Generation time, synchronous batch and continuous culture,
measurement of growth and factors affecting growth of bacteria. Microbial Metabolism:
Metabolic pathways, amphi-catabolic and biosynthetic pathways Bacterial Reproduction- Binary
fission, sporulation, budding. Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation, Endospores.
UNIT IV (15 L)
Control of Microorganisms: By physical, chemical and chemotherapeutic Agents (antibacterial,
antifungal, & antiviral and their mode of action) Water Microbiology: Bacterial pollutants of
water, coliforms and non coliforms. Sewage composition and its disposal. Food Microbiology:
Important microorganism in food Microbiology: Moulds, Yeasts, bacteria. Major food born
infections and intoxications, Preservation of various types of foods. Fermented 3 Foods.
Practical CR-1, Marks: 20)
1. Isolation of bacteria & their biochemical characterization.
2. Staining methods: simple staining, Gram staining, spore staining, negative staining, hanging
drop.
3. Preparation of media & sterilization methods, Methods of Isolation of bacteria from different
sources.
4. Determination of bacterial cell size by micrometry.
5. Enumeration of microorganism - total & viable count.

Suggested readings
1. Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, and Blackwell M. (1996). Introductory Mycology. 4 th edition.
John and Sons, Inc.
2. Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology. 7thedition, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India.
3. Kumar HD. (1990). Introductory Phycology. 2nd edition. Affiliated East Western Press.
4. Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 12th
edition. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
5. Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR. (1993). Microbiology. 5th edition. McGraw Hill Book
Company.
6. Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML, and Painter PR. (2005). General Microbiology. 5th
edition. McMillan.
7. Tortora GJ, Funke BR, and Case CL. (2008). Microbiology: An Introduction. 9 th edition.
Pearson Education.
8. Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2008). Prescott, Harley and Klein’s
Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.

Course Outcome:
 Students will gain knowledge about the different cell organelles of microorganisms and
their detailed functions.
 Students will also study the growth and control of microbes as well as different
bacteriological techniques involved in microbiology.
 Students will learn about the biomolecules by studying their structures and types.

**Minor Course
BTOT4021: Biophysics & Instrumentation
CR 4 (3+1) Full Marks 75 (40+20+15)
Course objective:
The course is designed in such a way so that the students can learn:
 Biophysics and mathematics applicable to instrumentation in biotechnology laboratories.
 Techniques for isolation and identification of various biomolecules.
 The modern concept of microscopy.
Theory CR-3, Marks: 40
General Biophysical methods – Measurement of pH, radioactive labeling & counting,
autoradiography 5L
Separation & Identification of Materials, Concept of Chromatography; Partition
chromatography, paper chromatography, adsorption chromatography, TLC, GLC, ion exchange
chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, HPLC, affinity chromatography; gel
electrophoresis- polyacrylamide and agarose gel electrophoresis. 15 L
Centrifugation - Basic principle of centrifugation, ultracentrifuge (preparative, analytical),
factors affecting sedimentation velocity, standard sedimentation coefficient.
10 L
Microscopy- Light microscopy, bright & dark field microscopy, phase contrast microscope,
fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron
microscope (SEM). 10 L
Spectroscopy-UV visible spectroscopy, principle, Lambert-Beer Law, working Principle of
colorimeter, spectrophotometer, fluorometer, use of spectroscopy in quantification of
biomolecules (protein, DNA, haemoglobin, chlorophyll)
10 L
Practical CR-1, Marks: 20
1. Separation techniques- centrifugation, chromatographic separation of sugars and amino acids
(paper and thin layer chromatography) & electrophoresis (DNA and protein).
2. General concept of colorimeter and spectrophotometer

Suggested readings
1. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by K.Wilson and J. Walker.
2. Molecular Spectroscopy by Jack D.Gray Beal

Course Outcome:
 On successful completion of this course, students are expected to be able to:
 understand the basic concepts of quantitative instrumentation.
 recognize how quantitative instrumentation can be built, to be applied to explore our
understanding in different fields and contribute to the further development of modern
equipment.

**Minor Course

BIOT4022: Human Genetics CR 4 (3+1) Full Marks 75 (40+20+15)

Course Objective:
To develop and understanding and skill in the mechanics of inheritance, patterns of inheritance,
and Mendelian inheritance in humans
Theory CR-3, Marks: 40
Chromosome and genomic organization: Eukaryotic nuclear genome nucleotide sequence
composition –unique & repetitive DNA, satellite DNA. Centromere and telomere DNA sequences,
middle repetitive sequences- VNTRs & dinucleotide repeats, repetitive transposed sequences- SINEs
& LINEs, middle repetitive multiple copy genes, noncoding DNA. (14 L)
Chromosome and gene mutations: Definition and types of mutations, causes of mutations, Ames test
for mutagenic agents, screening procedures for isolation of mutants and uses of mutants,

variations in chromosomes structure - deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation (reciprocal

and Robertsonian), position effects of gene expression, chromosomal aberrations in human beings,
abonormalities– Aneuploidy and Euploidy. (16 L)
Sex determination and sex linkage: Mechanisms of sex determination, Environmental factors and sex
determination, sex differentiation, Barr bodies, dosage compensation, genetic balance theory,
Fragile-X- syndrome and chromosome, sex influenced dominance, sex limited gene expression, sex
linked inheritance. (14 L)
Population genetics: Hardy Weinberg law (prediction, derivation), allelic and genotype frequencies
(6 L)

Practical CR-1, Marks: 20

1. Buccal smear study and staining methods for Barr bodies

2. PTC testing in a population and calculation of allele and genotype frequencies.
3. Isolation of genomic DNA (mammalian system)
4. Construction of Restriction digestion maps from data provided.

Suggested readings
1. Genetics- Strachan & Read
2. Human Genetics: Thompson & Thompson

Course Outcome:
 Students will be taught Mendelian genetics, their principles and gene interaction. They learn
about chromosomal.
 Aberrations and structure of chromosomes The student will gain a basic
 Understanding on human genetics and hereditary

N.B. ** Exclusively for students of B.Sc. Biotechnology

Ability Enhancement Course (AEC)[L2-2] CR 2 , Full Marks 50 (40+10)