Data Base Theory
Data Base Theory
PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
1
PO5 (Individual and Teamwork): Function and communicate effectively as an
individual or a team leader in diverse and multidisciplinary groups. Use
methodologies such as agile.
PO6 (Project Management and Finance): Use the principles of project
management such as scheduling, work breakdown structure and be conversant with
the principles of Finance for profitable project management.
PO7 (Ethics): Commit to professional ethics in managing software projects with
financial aspects. Learn to use new technologies for cyber security and insulate
customers from malware
PO8 (Life-long learning): Change management skills and the ability to learn,
keep up with contemporary technologies and ways of working.
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs):
On successful completion of the Program, the students shall be able to:
PSO-1: [Data Analysis]: Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge using statistical
and machine learning techniques to analyze data and derive meaningful insights
and patterns.
PSO-2: [Design/ development of Solutions]: Identify, formulate and apply the
knowledge of solid understanding of artificial intelligence and machine learning
techniques, and be able to apply them to real-world problem-solving solutions.
PSO-3: [AI/ML Applications]: Design, develop, and implement Artificial
Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms to solve real-world problems across
various domains such as healthcare, finance, agriculture, robotics, and other
emerging fields, demonstrating domain-specific adaptability and innovation.
The objective of the course is to familiarize the learners with the concepts of Advanced DBMS
and attain Employability Skills through Experiential Learning technique
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course is designed to provide a foundation in data management concepts and database
systems. It includes representing information with the relational database model, manipulating
data with an interactive query language (SQL) and database programming, database
development including database security, integrity and privacy issues. Mastering the core
concepts and techniques of Relational and Non-Relational database, will help the students to
apply their knowledge to a wide range of database solution for a business or organization.
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the course is to familiarize the learners with the concepts of Problem-Solving Using C
and attain Skill Development through Experiential Learning techniques.
2
COURSE OUTCOMES: On successful completion of the course the students shall be able to:
1 M M L L M L M
2 M M M M H
3 M H H H H M
4 M H H H H M L M
3
COURSE CONTENT (SYLLABUS):
Object Oriented Databases-Need for Complex Data Types - The Object Oriented Data Model-Object-
Oriented Languages-Spatial Databases: Spatial Data Types-Spatial Relationships-Spatial Data Structures–
Mobile Databases-Multimedia Databases-Overview of PostgreSQL database
4
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
Textbook:
T1. Sadalage, P. & Fowler, NoSQL Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Emerging World of Polyglot
Persistence, 1st Edition, 2019(Wiley Publications).
T2. Stefano Ceri, Giuseppe Pelagatti , Distributed Databases: Principles and Systems,,
2017(McGraw Hill Education).
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. Elmasri R and Navathe S B, “Fundamentals of Database System”,7th Edition, 2017(Pearson
Publication).
R2.Pivert. NoSQL Data Models: Trends and Challenges, 1st edition(Wiley).
ONLINE RESOURCES:
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_cs32/preview (NPTEL)
5
All the notices related to this course will be communicated through email and posted in
LMS.
Chamber Consultation Hour: Will be announced.
Delivery Mode:
S.N Sessi Lesson Topic & LOL HOL Course Teaching ** At Referen
o. on Title Learning (Lowe (Highe Outco Pedagogi end of ce
No. Objective r r me es semest
Order Order er
Learni Learni please
ng ) ng ) update
wheth
er
activit
6
y was
LO:
Students
shall able
to
Program
Integration
LO1:
Summarize
CO1
the L
Course CO2 Interactiv
1 L1 relevance of 1 - T1, R1,
Overview CO3 e Lecture
the course
CO4
with
program
7
the main
advantages
of using a
database
instead of
storing data
in flat files.
Applications
— Purpose
of Database
Systems:
L1: What is
the main
purpose of a
database
system?
T1 –
L2: Explain
L1 Pg.No.
any two PPT/
L4 L2 01
applications CO1 Interactiv
R1&R2
4. of database e Lecture
systems in
real-life
scenarios
(for
example:
banking,
hospital
managemen
t, etc.).
8
the different
levels of
data
abstraction
(view level,
logical level,
physical
level) in a
database
with
suitable
examples.
SDG No:3
Languages-
Relational
Databases
L1: Name
any two
languages
used to
interact
with
relational
databases.
L2: Explain
the
L1
difference PPT/ T1 –
L2
6 L6 between CO1 Interactiv Pg.No.
Data e Lecture 03
Definition
Language
(DDL) and
Data
Manipulati
on
Language
(DML) in
relational
databases,
with
examples.
9
Design
L1:
Define a
database.
Mention
any two
types of
databases
.
L2:
Explain L2
Interactiv Pg.No.
how a
e Lecture 04
database
helps in
organizin
g and
managing
large
amounts
of data
effectively
.
Database
Model:
L1: What is a
database
model?
Name any
two types of
database
models. L1
L2: Explain PPT/ T1 –
L2
8 L8 how the CO1 Interactiv Pg.No.
relational e Lecture 05
database
model is
different
from the
hierarchical
database
model.
10
storage in
the context
of
databases?
L2: Explain
the
difference
between
primary
storage
and
secondary
storage
used in
databases,
with
examples.
Querying-
Transactio
n:
Query
Processing
and
Optimizati
on
L1: What is
query
L1
processing PPT/ T1 –
L2
10 10 in a CO1 Interactiv Pg.No.
database e Lecture 09
system?
L2: Explain
the
importance
of query
optimization
in improving
database
performanc
e.
11 11 Transactio L1 CO1 PPT/ T1 –
n L2 Interactiv Pg.No.
Properties e Lecture 11
(ACID):
11
L1: What
does ACID
stand for in
the context
of database
transactions
?
L2: Explain
why the
Isolation
property is
important
for
transaction
managemen
t in a
database
system.
Manageme
nt-
Database:
Database
Security
and
Authorizati
on:
L1: What is
database
L1
authorizati PPT/ T1 –
L2
12 12 on? CO1 Interactiv Pg.No.
L2: Explain e Lecture 14
how
authentica
tion and
authorizati
on help in
ensuring
database
security.
SDG No:3
12
nt:
L1: What is
the
purpose of
taking a
database
backup?
L2: Explain
the
difference
between
full backup
and
incrementa
l backup in
database
systems.
Normal
Forms
(1NF, 2NF,
3NF, BCNF,
etc.):
L1: What is
the First
Normal
Form (1NF)
in database L1
PPT/ T1 –
normalizati L2
14 14 CO1 Interactiv Pg.No.
on? e Lecture 25
L2: Explain
how Third
Normal
Form (3NF)
helps in
reducing
data
redundanc
y with an
example.
15 15 L1 CO1 PPT/ T1 –
Decompositi L2 Interactiv Pg.No.
on and e Lecture 30
Dependency
Preservatio
13
n:
L1: What is
decompositi
on in the
context of
database
normalizatio
n?
L2: Explain
why
dependency
preservation
is important
when
decomposin
g a relation
during
normalizatio
n.
End of Module 1
16 L16 Module- Introductio Interactiv
2: CO2
n to the e Lecture
Relational Relational CO2 PPT/ T1 –
Databases L1 Interactiv Pg.No.
Model:
L1: What are L2 e Lecture 35
the
fundamental
concepts of
the
relational
model, and
how do they
differ from
those in
hierarchical
and network
data
models?
L2: Explain
the
significance
of keys
(primary
key, foreign
key, and
candidate
key) in the
14
relational
model and
how they
ensure data
17 L17 Structure
of
Relational
Databases:
L1:
Describe
the
component
s of a
relational
database
schema.
How do
tables,
attributes,
and tuples
relate to
each
other?
L2: What is
the role of
constraints
(such as
domain,
entity
integrity,
and
referential
integrity
constraints
) in
defining
the
structure of
a relational
database?
15
Structure
of
Relational
Databases:
L1:
Describe
the
compone
nts of a
relational
database
schema.
How do
tables,
attributes,
and
tuples
relate to
each
other? PPT/ T1 –
18 L18 L2: What L1 CO2 Interactiv Pg.No.
is the role e Lecture 40
of
constraint
s (such as
domain,
entity
integrity,
and
referential
integrity
constraint
s) in
defining
the
structure
of a
relational
database?
16
database
instance?
Provide an
example to
illustrate
your
answer.
L2: Explain
the
importance
of schema
diagrams.
How do they
help in
understandi
ng the
logical
structure of
20 L20 a relational
database?
17
schema
diagram
help
enforce
data
integrity
and
establish
relationshi
ps between
tables in a
relational
database?
18
relational
query
languages
like SQL.
Relational
Operations
-ER
Diagrams:
L1: How
are basic
relational
operations
(such as
selection,
projection,
join, and
set
operations)
used to
manipulate
data
retrieved
PPT/ T1 –
from tables
22 L22 L1 CO2 Interactiv Pg.No.
derived e Lecture 43
from ER
diagrams?
L2: Explain
how an ER
diagram is
converted
into a
relational
schema,
and
describe
the role of
relational
operations
in querying
the
resulting
relations.
23 L23 Mapping L1 CO2 PPT/ T1 –
19
to ER
Model to
Relational
model :
L1:
Describe
the steps
involved in
converting
an ER
diagram
(including
entities,
relationshi
ps, and
attributes)
into a
relational
schema.
Interactiv Pg.No.
Provide an e Lecture 43
example.
L2: How
are
different
types of
relationshi
ps (one-to-
one, one-
to-many,
and many-
to-many)
represente
d when
mapping an
ER model
to the
relational
model?
24 L24 Introductio
n to SQL:
Data
Definition-
Data Types:
20
L1: What is
the
purpose of
SQL Data
Definition
Language
(DDL)
commands,
and how
are they
used to
create and
modify
database
schemas?
Give
examples.
L2: Explain
the
different
SQL data
types (such
as CHAR,
VARCHAR,
INT, FLOAT,
DATE).
How do
you choose
an
appropriat
e data type
for a given
attribute?
Basic
Structure
of SQL
Queries-
Operations
:
L1: What is
21
the basic
structure of
an SQL
SELECT
query?
Explain the
role of
each clause
(SELECT,
FROM,
WHERE,
GROUP BY,
HAVING,
ORDER BY)
with an
example.
L2:
Describe
different
types of
SQL
operations
(such as
selection,
projection,
join,
aggregatio
n). How are
these
operations
expressed
in SQL
queries?
End of Module 2
Interactiv
CO3
e Lecture
Module
MySQL
3:MySQL
Introduction
26 L26 and L1
-MySQL PPT/ T1 –
NoSQL L2
Features : CO3 Interactiv Pg.No.
Database
L1: What e Lecture 44
is MySQL,
and how
22
does it
differ
from
other
relational
database
managem
ent
systems
(RDBMS)?
L2:
Describe
at least
four key
features
of MySQL
that make
it popular
for web
and
enterprise
applicatio
ns.
23
extensions
like PL/SQL
or MySQL
stored
programs).
How are
variables
declared
and used
within SQL
scripts?
MySQL
Database
Creation:
L1: What is
the syntax
for creating
a new
database in
MySQL?
Explain with
an example
and mention
any optional
L1
clauses that PPT/ T1 –
L2
28 L28 can be used. CO3 Interactiv Pg.No.
L2: After e Lecture 54
creating a
database in
MySQL,
what steps
are
necessary to
define
tables and
establish
relationships
among
them?
Table-
Queries- Technolo
MySQL L1 gy
T1 –
Clauses: L2 Enabled
29 L29 CO3 Pg.No.
L1: How do Learning/
59
you create a Active
table in Learning
MySQL, and
24
what clauses
can be used
to define
constraints
(such as
PRIMARY
KEY,
UNIQUE,
NOT NULL,
and
FOREIGN
KEY) during
table
creation?
L2: Explain
the purpose
of common
MySQL
clauses
(WHERE,
GROUP BY,
HAVING,
ORDER BY)
in queries.
How do
these
clauses
affect the
results
returned by
a SELECT
statement?
30 30 Introduction L1 CO3 PPT/ T1 –
to NoSQL : L2 Interactiv Pg.No.
MongoDB e Lecture 75
CRUD
Operation-
L1: What is
NoSQL, and
how does it
differ from
traditional
relational
databases?
Why is
MongoDB
considered a
popular
25
choice
among
NoSQL
databases?
L2: Explain
the CRUD
operations
(Create,
Read,
Update,
Delete) in
MongoDB.
How are
these
operations
performed
using
MongoDB
queries?
Give
examples.
26
to use them
carefully?
Indexing-
Replication-
Using
MongoDB
with Python
L1: What is
indexing in
MongoDB,
and how
does it
improve
query
performanc
e? Explain
with an
example of
Technolo
creating an L1 T1 –
gy
index. L2 CO3 Pg.No.
Enabled
L2: How can 77
Learning
MongoDB
be
integrated
with Python
applications
32
L32 using
libraries
such as
PyMongo?
Describe the
basic steps
to connect,
insert, and
retrieve
data.
33 L33 Advanced
MongoDB
Features
L1: What is
sharding in
MongoDB,
and how
does it help
in scaling
large
27
datasets?
Explain the
key
components
involved in
sharding.
L2: Describe
the use of
aggregation
pipelines in
MongoDB.
How do they
differ from
simple
queries, and
what
advantages
do they
offer for
complex
data
processing?
34 L34 Cassandra:
Data Model
L1: Explain
the basic
data model
of
Cassandra,
including
key
concepts
like
keyspaces,
column
families
(tables),
rows, and
columns.
How does
this model
differ from a
traditional
relational
model?
L2: What is a
28
primary key
in
Cassandra,
and how
does its
structure
(partition
key and
clustering
columns)
influence
data
distribution
and query
performanc
e?
35. L35 Table
Operations,
CRUD
Operations.
L1: How do
you create
and modify
tables in
Cassandra?
Explain the
syntax for
creating a
table and
adding
columns
with an
example.
L2: Describe
how CRUD
operations
(Create,
Read,
Update,
Delete) are
performed
in
Cassandra.
What are
the
differences
compared to
29
SQL-based
relational
databases?
End of Module 3
Object
Oriented
Databases- Interactiv
CO4
Need for e Lecture
Complex
Data Types:
L1: What are
object-
oriented
databases
(OODBMS),
and how do
they differ
from
relational
databases in
terms of
data
36 L36 modeling
Module 4: and
PPT/ T1 –
Advanced structure? L1
CO4 Interactiv Pg.No.
Database L2: Why is L2
e Lecture 97
Systems there a need
for complex
data types in
modern
databases?
Give
examples of
scenarios or
applications
where
complex
data types
are
essential.
The Object
Oriented PPT/ T1 –
L1
37 L37 Data Model CO4 Interactiv Pg.No.
L2
e Lecture 97
L1: What are
30
the main
components
of the
object-
oriented
data model,
and how do
concepts
like classes,
objects, and
inheritance
help
represent
complex
data?
L2: How
does the
object-
oriented
data model
support
encapsulatio
n and
reusability
of data
structures
compared to
the
relational
model?
31
L2: Explain
the role of
concepts
like
inheritance,
polymorphis
m, and
encapsulatio
n in object-
oriented
languages.
How do
these
features
improve
code
maintainabil
ity and
reusability?
39 L39 L1 CO4 PPT/ T1 –
Spatial L2 Interactiv Pg.No.
Databases: e Lecture 100
Spatial Data
Types:
L1: What
are
spatial
data
types in
spatial
databases
, and how
do they
differ
from
traditional
data
types?
Give
examples
of
common
spatial
data
types.
L2: How
do spatial
data
types
32
support
the
storage
and
querying
of
geographi
c
informatio
n in
applicatio
ns such
as GIS
(Geograp
hic
Informatio
n
Systems)?
33
synchroniza
tion in
mobile and
disconnecte
d
environmen
ts.
Multimedia
Databases
L1: What are
multimedia
databases,
and how do
they differ
from
traditional
text-based
databases in
terms of
data storage
and PPT/
L1
retrieval? Interactiv T1 –
L2
L2: Explain CO4 e Pg.No.
the Lecture/ 100
challenges Flip Class
involved in
indexing,
searching,
and
managing
multimedia
data types
such as
images,
audio, and
video in a
database
system.
41 L41 Spatial L1 CO4 PPT/ T1 –
Relationship L2 Interactiv Pg.No.
s- Spatial e Lecture 121
Data
Structures
34
L1: What are
spatial
relationships
in spatial
databases,
and how are
concepts
like
adjacency,
containment
, and
proximity
represented
and
42
queried?
L42
L2: Describe
common
spatial data
structures
(such as R-
trees and
Quad-trees).
How do
these
structures
improve the
efficiency of
spatial data
storage and
retrieval?
Overview of
PostgreSQL
database
L1: What is
PostgreSQL,
and what PPT/ T1 –
L1
CO4 Interactiv Pg.No.
features L2
e Lecture 121
make it
different
43 L43 from other
relational
database
35
managemen
t systems
(RDBMS)
like MySQL
or Oracle?
L2:Explain
the
advantages
of using
PostgreSQL
for modern
applications.
How does its
support for
advanced
data types
and
extensibility
benefit
developers?
PPT/ T1 –
L1
Revision CO4 Interactiv Pg.No.
L2
e Lecture 121
36
PPT/ T1 –
L1
Revision CO4 Interactiv Pg.No.
L2
e Lecture 121
44 L44
Revision
End of Module 4
SDGs – MAPPING:
37
Activities (optional)
38
Model,
Introduction
to SQL, Data
Definition,
Data Types,
Basic SQL
Queries,
Operations
39
Oriented Data Exercises,
Model, Case Studies
Object-
Oriented
Languages,
Spatial
Databases
(Data Types,
Relationships,
Data
Structures),
Mobile
Databases,
Multimedia
Databases,
Overview of
PostgreSQL
ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE
Module 1, 2 120
CO1 & 50 25% As per
2 Mid Term Exam Minutes COE
CO2
Assessment 2 – CO1, CO2,
Module 3 to 11.11.2
Activity based CO3, CO4 NA 25 10%
3 Module 4 5
learning
CO1, CO2, As
4 Module 1 to CO3, CO4 180 100 50%
End Term Exam per
Module 4 Minutes
COE
40
COURSE CLEARANCE CRITERIA:
As per the prior appointment from the faculty, students can meet the faculty member. Will be
announced in the class.
SAMPLE THOUGHT PROVOKING QUESTIONS: (Here type sample typical questions for students
’reference, only a few but those few should be thought provoking type)
41
3. Describe the process of
mapping an ER diagram to
a relational schema. What
are the key steps
involved?
4. What is normalization?
Explain 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF
with suitable examples.
5. Compare MySQL and
MongoDB in terms of data
models, scalability, and
query language. When
would you choose one
over the other?
42
data types?
TABLE 8: TARGET SET FOR ATTAINMENT OF EACH CO AND ATTAINMENT ANALYSIS AFTER RESULTS
Sl.no C.O. Course Outcomes Threshold Target set Actual C.O. Remarks on
No. Set for for Attainment attainment
the CO attainment In &Measures
in Percentage to enhance
percentage the
attainment
* *
01 CO1 CO1.Understand the basic
concepts of database
75% 75%
43
APPROVAL:
Name and signature of the Instructor In-Charge (s) AFTER completing entries in Table number 3 and 8 at
end of semester:
Name and signature of the DAC Chairperson AFTER completing entries in Table number 3 and 8 at end of
semester:
Learning Outcomes Verbs at Each Bloom Taxonomy Level to be used for writing the course Outcomes.
44
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
45
SDG Goal Title Relevance to CSE
Good Health and Well- Health informatics, AI in diagnostics, wearable technologies, and
SDG 3
being telemedicine platforms.
Clean Water and IoT systems for water quality monitoring, smart grids for sanitation
SDG 6
Sanitation infrastructure.
Affordable and Clean Smart grid technologies, energy forecasting using AI, and
SDG 7
Energy optimization algorithms for energy management.
Decent Work and Automation, digital platforms for remote work, and upskilling via
SDG 8
Economic Growth online learning platforms.
Industry, Innovation, and Core area for CSE – development of intelligent systems, robotics,
SDG 9
Infrastructure IoT, and scalable cloud infrastructures.
Sustainable Cities and Smart city solutions, traffic optimization, urban planning via GIS
SDG 11
Communities and AI technologies.
Peace, Justice and Strong Cybersecurity, e-Governance platforms, blockchain for transparent
SDG 16
Institutions systems, digital forensics.
SDG 17 Partnerships for the Goals Open-source collaboration, global research networks, cloud-based
46
development environments.
47