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Operating System

An Operating System (OS) is essential system software that manages hardware resources and provides services for application software, acting as an intermediary between users and hardware. Key responsibilities include process management, memory management, file system management, device management, security, and user interface provision. Various types of OS exist, such as batch, multitasking, time-sharing, real-time, and distributed systems, with popular examples including Windows, macOS, and Linux.

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11 views1 page

Operating System

An Operating System (OS) is essential system software that manages hardware resources and provides services for application software, acting as an intermediary between users and hardware. Key responsibilities include process management, memory management, file system management, device management, security, and user interface provision. Various types of OS exist, such as batch, multitasking, time-sharing, real-time, and distributed systems, with popular examples including Windows, macOS, and Linux.

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iamgauravgupta12
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Operating_System

An Operating System (OS) is a fundamental component of system software that manages


hardware resources and provides a suite of services for application software. It acts as an
intermediary between users and the computer hardware. Operating systems are crucial for the
execution of all types of software and for managing hardware devices. Key Responsibilities of an
Operating System: 1. **Process Management**: Handles the creation, scheduling, and termination
of processes. It manages CPU allocation to processes using scheduling algorithms like First-Come
First-Serve (FCFS), Shortest Job Next (SJN), Round Robin, and Priority Scheduling. 2. **Memory
Management**: Allocates and deallocates memory space as needed by programs. It handles virtual
memory, paging, segmentation, and swapping. 3. **File System Management**: Organizes data
into files and directories. It manages file access permissions, storage space, and file operations
(read, write, delete). 4. **Device Management**: Controls hardware devices through drivers and
facilitates I/O operations. 5. **Security and Access Control**: Protects system resources and data
from unauthorized access. It enforces access rights, authentication, and audit mechanisms. 6.
**User Interface**: Provides interfaces like Command-Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical User
Interface (GUI) for user interaction. Types of Operating Systems: - **Batch OS**: Executes batches
of jobs without user interaction. - **Multitasking OS**: Allows multiple programs to run
simultaneously. - **Time-Sharing OS**: Allocates CPU time to each user or task fairly. -
**Real-Time OS**: Provides immediate processing and response. - **Distributed OS**: Manages a
group of distinct computers and makes them appear as a single system. Popular OS Examples: -
Windows, macOS, Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora), Unix, Android, iOS. OS Concepts: - **Threading**:
Multiple threads of execution in a process. - **Synchronization**: Ensures data consistency in
concurrent execution. - **Deadlock**: A state where a group of processes are blocked waiting on
each other. - **Context Switching**: Switching CPU from one process or thread to another. -
**Kernel**: Core part of the OS managing system calls, memory, processes, and devices.
Understanding OS fundamentals is essential for efficient application development and system-level
programming.

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