Aa¨vq-4 : Zwor imvqb

†gŠ‡ji cÖZxK cvigvYweK msL¨v cvigvYweK fi †hvRbx

H 1 1.008 1
Mg 12 24 2
Na 11 23 1
Al 13 27 3
Ca 20 40 2
Cr 24 52 3
Mn 25 55 2
Fe 26 56 2,3
Ni 28 58.7 2
Cu 29 63.5 2
Zn 30 65.4 2
Cl 17 35.5 1
Ag 108 108 1
‡gŠ‡ji cvigvbweK fi
 Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK = ‡hvRbx ×96500
‡hgb, Ag- Gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK
M 65.4
Z= n×F Z= 2×96500 =3.38810–4 gC1
Al- Gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨vsK
M 27
Z= n×F Z= 3×96500 =3.38810–4 gC1
 Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡l –(1) ivmvqwbK kw³ Zwor kw³‡Z cwiYZ nq
(2) A¨v‡bvWn‡Z gy³ B‡jKUªb eZ©bx‡Z cÖevwnZ nq
(3) K¨v‡_vW †_‡K A¨v‡bv‡W we`y¨r cÖevwnZ nq
(4) A¨v‡bv‡W RviY N‡U|
 HNO3 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡j A¨v‡bv‡W Drcbœ nq- (1) O2 I NO2
 d¨viv‡Wi m~Î cÖ‡hvR¨ - (1) B‡jKUª‡bi PvR© MYbvq
(2) avZzi cwigvY wbY©‡q
(3) Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î
 jeY †mZz‡Z e¨eüZ nq - KCl ev KNO3ev NH4NO3 Gi m¤ú„³ `ªeY |
 jeY †mZzi KvR n‡jv - (1) Aa© †Kvl؇qig‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv
(2) Zij ms‡hvMwefe `~i Kiv|
(3) Zwor wbi‡cÿZv eRvq ivLv|
 ZworØvi wefe wbf©i K‡i- (1) avZe `‡Ûi cÖK…wZi Dci
(2) Zwor we‡kø‡l¨i NbgvÎvi Dci
(3) `ªe‡Yi ZvcgvÎvi Dci
 eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœ
1| B‡jKUªbxq Zwor cwievnx †KvbwU? 9| †mwgKÛv±i wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq-
(K) CuSO4`ªeY (L) FeSO4 `ªeY* *(K) Ge (L) Zn
(M) Fe (N) Fe2(SO4)3 `ªeY (M) Cu (N)Al
Zworcwievnx I Zwor Acwievnx G `y‡qi
B‡jKUªbxq / avZeZworcwievnx t Zvgv (Cu)
gvSvgvwS cwievwnZv ¸Y m¤úbœ wKQz c`v_© Av‡Q
, A¨vjywgwbqvg (Al) , †jvnv (Fe), `¯Ív (Zn)
| G‡`i‡K Aa©cwievnx ev †mwgKÛv±I ejv
mn mKj avZz, MÖvdvBU AavZz nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zwor
nq| ‡hgb : wmwjKb ( Si) ,
cwievnx|
Rv‡g©wbqvg(Ge)|
. 10| Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZvi GKK †KvbwU?
 Zwor Awe‡køl¨ cwievnx t wPwb, Møy‡KvR , (K) wK‡jvRyj (L) Ing-1
BDwiqv, KuvP, KvV , nxiK , ivevi, †c‡Uªvj (M) ‡mwg-1 *(N)Ing-1‡mwg-1
BZ¨vw`| 11| Zworwe‡kølY Kv‡j †Kvb AvqbwU Av‡M PvR© gy³
n‡e?
2| wPwb I Møy‡KvR n‡jv - (K) Al3+ *(L) Ag+
(K) Zwor we‡køl¨ (L) Acwievnx (M) Zn2+ (N) Cu2+
*(M) Zwo Awe‡køl¨ (N) AavZe cwievnx  Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq K¨vUvq‡bi PvR© gy³
nIqvi µg: Li+ <K+ < Ca 2+ <Na+ <Mg2+
 Zxeª Zworwe‡køl¨ cwievnx t AvqwbK <Al3+ <Zn2+ <Fe2+ <Sn2+< Pb2+<H+<Cu2+
†hŠ‡MiRjxq `ªeY (NaCl, CuSO4 ) , Zxeª <Hg2+ <Ag+ <Pt2+<Au3+ [Note : mvwii wb‡Pi
Gwm‡Wi Rjxq `ªeY (HCl , HNO3, w`‡K Avqbmg~‡ni PvR©gy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv
H2SO4), Zxeª ÿv‡iiRjxq `ªeY (NaOH µgvš^‡q ev‡o]
, KOH) BZ¨vw`|  avZzi mwµqZv wmwiR
3| †KvbwU Zxeª Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnx?
(K) weï× cvwb (L) CH3COOH Q›` †gŠj RviY wefe (V)
(M) my‡µvR *(N) H2SO4 `ªeY wjwc Li +3.04
†K K +2.92
Note:‡Kvb avZzi PvR© hZ, Zvi 1 mol
†K Ca +2.87
cwigvY K¨v‡_v‡W Rgv Ki‡Z ZZ d¨viv‡W
bv Na +2.71
(F) we`¨yr cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|
g¨vMvBfvi Mg +2.37
4| 27g Al Rgv Ki‡Z wK cwigvY we`y¨r jvM‡e? Gj Al +1.66
(K) 1F *(L) 3F †hb Zn + 0.76
(M) 13.5F (N) 27F wd‡i Fe + 0.44
5| 1 †gvj Kcvi‡K K¨v‡_v‡W Rgv Ki‡Z CuSO4 `ªe‡Yi †mvbv Sn +0.13
ga¨ w`‡q KZ d¨viv‡W we`y¨r Pvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e? cv‡e Pb +0.12
(K) 1 F* (L) 2 F (M)3F (N) 4 F nvq H 0.0
6| MwjZAlCl3 Gi g‡a¨ KZ d¨viv‡W Zwor cÖevwnZ Kzjv½vi Cu -0.34
Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W 54 MÖvg Al mwÂZ n‡e? nvwR Hg -0.79
(K) 1 (L) 3(M) 6 (N) 9 AvR Ag -0.80
wcUv‡e Pt
7| 2F Zwor cÖev‡n KZ MÖvg †divm Avqb PvR©gy³ nq?
Avgvq Au -1.56
(K) 28* (L) 56 mwµqZv wmwi‡Ri Dc‡ii w`‡Ki avZzmg~n
(M) 81 (N) 112 kw³kvjx weRviK Ges wb‡Pi w`‡Ki avZzmg~n
8| 0.5F = KZ Kzj¤^ ? kw³kvjx RviK
*(K) 48250 C (L) 96500 C 12| †Kvb AvqbwU mn‡R PvR© gy³ n‡e?
(M) 193000 C (N) 289500 C (K) Cu2+ (L)H+
NOTE : 1F = 96500C *(M)Au3+ (N)Ag+
  Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq A¨vbvq‡bi PvR© gy³ = E0cathode(red) E0anode(red)
nIqvi µg: 22. (Zn/Zn2+ Ges Ag/Ag+ ZworØv‡ii RviY wefe
NO3– <SO42- <Cl-<Br -< I-<OH- h_vµ‡g + 0.76V Ges – 0.769V n‡j, Zwor
13| Zwor we‡kølY Kv‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb AvqbwU Av‡M †KvlwUi †gvU wefe KZ?
PvR© gy³ n‡e? (K) + 1.529 V (L) + 0.779 V
(K) NO3– (L) Cl- (M) + 0.039 V (N) – 1.529 V
(M) SO42- *(N)OH- 23. †KvbwU ¯^ZtùzZ©Zvi kZ©?
14| kw³kvjx weRviK c`v_© n‡jv- (i) E0cell Gi gvb (+) n‡j
*(K) K (L) Mg (M) Al (N) Ba
15| wb‡Pi †KvbwU RviY-weRviY Aa©‡Kvl †evSvq? (ii)  G0 Gi gvb( Ñ) n‡j
(K) Pt, Cl2/ Cl- (L) Ag, AgCl / Cl-(M) 24. A n (aq)  B(s)  A(s)  Bn (aq); GB †Kvl
Na-Hg / Na+ *(N)Pt, Fe2+/ Fe wewµqvi Av‡jv‡K bvb©÷ mgxKiY †KvbwU?
 wewfbœ RviY gvb wewkó †Kvb avZzi `ªe‡Y wbw®Œq avZz †hgb
RT [B n  ]
†Mvì cøvwUbvg _vK‡e| E cell  E 0
cell  ln
 †hgb Pt/Fe2+,Fe3+ , Pt/Sn2+,Sn4+ nF [A n  ]
16| wb‡Pi †Kvb ZworØvi RviY Aa©‡Kvl †evSvq? 25. d¨viv‡Wi cÖ_g m~‡Îi MvwYwZK cÖKvk-
(K) Zn2+ / Zn *(L) Zn / Zn2+ DËi : W∞Q Dëi : W∞Q
(M) Cu2+ / Cu (N) H+/ H2, Pt
+
17| Na – Hg/Na Aa©‡KvlwU †Kvb ai‡bi Aa©‡Kvl? 26. we`y¨r kw³ Drcbœ nq bv †Kvb †Kv‡l?
(K) avZz-avZzi Avqb (L) M¨vm-Aa©‡Kvl DËi : Zwor we‡køl¨ †Kv‡l|
(M) RviY-weRviY Aa©‡Kvl (N) avZz A¨vgvjMvg-avZzi Avqb 27. cÖvBgvix wb‡`©kK ZworØvi -
 mwµq avZzi mv‡_ cvi` _vK‡e| DËi : nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi
18| Lv`¨ je‡Yi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j
K¨v‡_v‡W †Kvb M¨vmwU gy³ nq? 28. MwjZ †mvwWqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi g‡a¨ Zwor Pvjbv
(K) O2 (L) N2 Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W Kx Rgv n‡e?
DËi : †mvwWqvg
(M) Cl2 *(N)H2
 eªvBb Z_v NaCl Gi Zwor we‡køl‡Y 29. MwjZ NaCl Gi Zwor cwievwnZvi KviY Kx?
K¨v‡_v‡W H2 M¨vm , A¨v‡bv‡W Cl2 M¨vm Ges DËi : gy³ Avqb
`ªe‡Y NaOH Drcbœ nq|
30. d¨viv‡Wi m~ÎwU cÖ‡qvR¨-
19. AgNO3 `ªe‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q 60 wgwbU hveZ 5 amp
i. B‡jKUª‡bi PvR© MYbvq
Zwor Pvjbv Kiv n‡j K¨v‡_v‡W KZ MÖvg Ag Rgv n‡e?
(K) 8.766 (L) 16.812 ii. avZzi cwigvY wbY©‡q iii. Zwor we‡køl¨ cwievnxi
*(M) 20.145 (N) 24.854 †ÿ‡Î
e¨vL¨v t W = Z It
31| cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm ZworØvi ˆZwii kZ© -
108
= 1×96500 ×5×(60×60) (i) `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv 1.0 molL-1
(ii) M¨v‡mi Pvc 1 atm
=20.145 g
(iii) ZvcgvÎv 298K
20. cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØv‡ii wefe gvb KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) O volt
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii
21. †KvbwU mwVK? (M) i I iii*** (N) i ,ii I iii
(K) E0cell =E0 anode (ox) + E0 cathod(ox)  cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØv‡i-
(L) E0cell =E0anode (red)–E0cathod(red) (i) `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv 1.0 molL-1
(M) E0 cell = E0 anode(ox) +E0cathod(red) (ii) M¨v‡mi Pvc 1 atm
(N) E0cell = E0cathod(ox) - E0 anode(red) (iii) ZvcgvÎv 298K
 Zwor”vjK ej ev Electromotive Force (iv) cøvwUbvg cv‡Zi †ÿÎdj 1 †_‡K 3 cm3
(EMF/emf) : (v) wefe 0.0 V
 E0cell = E0anode(ox) + E0cathode
(vi ) ZworØviwU, Pt.H2(g)(1 atm) / H+(aq) (1M)
= E0anode(ox) E0cathode(ox)