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Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
405.
In the Issues of the Exchequer we find a ‘Ric. le Cuver’ at one time providing
three buckets, and at another working with other eight carpenters upon the
outer chamber of the King’s Court. (43 Henry III.)

406.
‘John Busheler’ occurs in Valor. Eccles. Henry VIII. He probably made the old
bushel measure, once in common use. ‘Is a candle bought to be put under a
bushel?’ (Mark iv. 26.)

407. Mr. Way, in his valuable series of notes to the Promptorium Parvulorum,
quotes a later Wicklyffite version, in which the ‘basket of bulrushes’ in which
Moses was placed is termed ‘a leep of segg’ (sedge). An old list of words
which he also quotes has ‘a lepe maker, cophinarius.’ (Cath. Ang.) I mention
this latter especially, as I have not been able so far to light upon any
instance of the sobriquet. I have no hesitation in saying, however, that if
‘Leaper’ and ‘Leapman’ be not manufacturers, they have, at any rate, as fish-
sellers, originated from the same root. ‘And thei eeten and weren fulfilled,
and thei taken up that that lefte of relifs sevene leepis.’ (Matt. viii. 8.
Wicklyffe.)

408.
Thus in the Trevelyan papers (Cam. Soc.) we frequently come across such a
record as the following: ‘Item, to Edmund Peckham, coferer of the Kinge’s
House for th’expenses and charges, etc.’

409.
The list of tradesmen in Cock Lorelle’s Bote includes—
‘Pype-makers, wode-mongers, and orgyn-makers,
Coferers, carde-makers, and carvers.’

410.
An Act of Edward VI. relative to the buying of tanned leather speaks of the
‘mysterie of Coriar (currier), Cordewainer, Sadler, Cobler, Girdler, Lether-
seller, Bottelmaker.’ (3 and 4 Ed. VI. c. 6.)

411.
‘William le Orbater’ (goldbeater) is also found in the Hundred Rolls.

412.
A ‘Bartholomew le Tableter’ is also found in the ‘Memorials of London’
(Riley). The date being the same or nearly the same as that of ‘Bartholomew
 le Tabler’ inscribed in the Parliamentary Writs for the capital, we may feel
assured both are one and the same person.

413.
‘And thei bikenyden to his fadir, that he wolde that he were clepid. And he
axinge a poyntel wrote seiynge Jon is his name.’ (Luke i. 63. Wicklyffe.)

414.
I have since discovered another instance of this name—‘To Bartholomew le
Orologius, after the arrival of William de Pikewell, 23 gallons.’ 1286
(Domesday Book, St. Paul’s, Cam. Soc.).

415.
‘Imprimis Thomæ Clokmaker for makyng of the sail when it was broken,
viiis.’ 1428 (Pro. Ord. Privy Council).

416.
Stowe and Strype, however, while aware of the corruption, were both
ignorant of its meaning. Speaking of the woodmongers, the former says,
‘Whether some of these woodmongers were called ‘Billiters’ from dealing in
billets I leave to conjecture. In the register of wills, London, mention is made
of one William Burford, billeytere.’ (ii. p. 226.) The Woodmongers were
sellers of fuel. ‘Robert Wudemonger’ is found in the H.R.

417. I may quote a statement recorded of Congham Manor. ‘In 1349 Thomas de
Baldeswell presented to the church aforesaid, as chief lord of this fee; in
1367, Adam Humphrey, of Refham, and in 1385, but soon after, in 1388,
Adam Pyk; and in 1400, Edmund Belytter, alias Belzeter, who with his
parceners,’ &c. (Hist. Norf., viii. 383.) The said Edmund is also met with
elsewhere as ‘Belleyeter’ and Belyetter.’

418.
Another ‘Ralph Balancer’ was sheriff of London in 1316.

419.
This weight was abolished in 1351, and the balance made universal. ‘Item,
whereas great damage and deceit is done to the people by a weight which is
called Auncel (par une pois qu’est appelle Aunsell), it is accorded and
established that this weight called Auncel betwixt buyers and sellers shall be
wholly put out, and that every person do sell and buy by the balance.’ (Stat.
Realm, vol. i. p. 321.) Cowell, in his Interpreter, suggests as the origin of the
term ‘auncel’ handsale, that is, that which is weighed by the poised hand!
420.
Another form is found in 1389. William Parchmenter was seized for holding
independent views of the Sacraments. (Nicholls’ Leicester.)

421.
In the Exchequer Issues we find the following:—‘To John Heth, one of the
clerks in the office of privy seal of the Lord the King, in money, paid to his
own hands, in discharge of 66s. which the said Lord the King, with the
assent of his Council, commanded to be paid to the said John, for 66 great
“quaternes” of calf skins, purchased and provided by the said John to write a
Bible thereon for the use of the said King.’ In an old Oxford indenture
between the University and the Town, dated 1459, we find the more usual
‘parchemener’ spelt ‘pergemener.’ The agreement includes ‘Alle Bedels with
dailly servants, and their householdes, alle stacioners, alle bokebynders,
lympners, wryters, pergemeners, barbours, the bellerynger of the
universitie,’ &c. (Mun. Acad. Oxon., p. 346.)

422.
Another ordinance has the following:—‘And that all Jews shall dwell in the
Kings own cities and boroughs, where the chests of chirographs of Jewry are
wont to be’ (‘ou les Whuches (hutches) cirograffes de Geuerie soleient
estre’). [Stat. of Realm, vol. i. p. 221.)

423.
‘Nicholas Cotes, lummer.’ (Corpus Christi Guild, York.)

424.
In the Mun. Acad. Oxon., p. 550, we find a quarrel settled by the Chancellor
between ‘John Conaley, lymner,’ and ‘John Godsend, stationarius.’ Through
him it is arranged that the former shall occupy himself in ‘liminando bene et
fideliter libros suos.’ In the York Pageant the ‘Escriveners’ and ‘Lumners’ went
together.

425.
Thus in Kaye’s description of the siege of Rhodes it is said: ‘Anone after that
the Rhodians had knowledge of thees werkes a shipman wel experte in
swymmyng, wente by nyghte and cutted the cordes fro’ the ancre.’

426.
In the Itinerarium of Richard I. we find it recorded that while the Christians
were besieging Acre Saladin’s army began to hem them in. ‘In hoc itaque
articulo positos visitavit eos Oriens exalto; nam ecce! quinquagintas naves,
quas vulgo coggas dicunt, cum duodecim millibus armatorum, tanto gratias
venerunt quanto nostris auxilium in angustia majore rependunt.’—p. 64. The
 Cog was evidently in common use as a transport. To judge from the
following entries, it was, in some cases, at any rate, of considerable size:
—‘Henrico Aubyn, magistro coge Sancti Marie, et 39 sociis suis nautis, 23l.
12s. 6d.’ ‘Thomo de Standanore, magistro coge Sancti Thomæ, et 39 sociis
suis, 23l. 12s. 6d.’ (Ed. I. Wardrobe.)

427. ‘Benjamin Cogman’ occurs in an old Norfolk register. Hence ‘Cockman,’ like
‘Cocker,’ may in some instance belong to this more seafaring occupation.

428.
‘John Shipgroom’ occurs in the Rot. Orig. (G.); ‘John Shypward’ in Cal. Rot.
Chartarum (D.); and ‘Alexander Schipward’ in Rolls of Parl. (H.).

429.
‘Richard Drawater’ (A.) would be a nickname.

430.
This word ‘lead’ is worthy of some extended notice. We still speak of a path
leading our steps to a place, but we scarcely now would say that we lead our
steps to it. Shakespeare, however, does so, where Richard III. addresses
Elizabeth—
‘Dorset your son, that with a fearful soul
Leads discontented steps in foreign soil.’

Several commentators on Shakespeare have proposed ‘treads’ in the place of

‘leads,’ not knowing, seemingly, how familiar was this sense of carrying or
bearing in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. A century earlier the Malvern
Dreamer says—
‘And maketh of Lyere a lang cart
To leden all these othere:’

while just before he writes—

‘And cart-saddle the commissarie,
Oure cart shall he lede
And fecchen us vitailles.’

In North Yorkshire to this very day they do very little carting. They all but
invariably ‘lead hay,’ ‘lead corn,’ etc. An old form of ‘lead’ was ‘lode.’ We still
talk of a ‘lode-stone.’ This explains such an entry as ‘Emma le Lodere’ or
 ‘Agnes le Lodere.’ They were both doubtless ‘leaders’ or ‘carriers,’ that is,
wandering hucksters.

431.
‘Item, that all wines, red and white, which shall come unto the said realm
shall be well and lawfully gauged by the King’s Gaugers, or their deputies’
(‘bien et loialment gaugez par le gaujeour le Roi, ou son deputé.’). (Stat. of
Realm, vol. i. p. 331.)

432.
An epitaph in St. Anthony’s, London, dated 1400, says of the deceased that
he was—
‘The King’s weigher more than yeres twentie,
Simon Street, callyd in my place.’
(Maitland, ii. 375.)

433.
The local form is found in the case of ‘Jeffery Talbothe,’ a Norfolk Rector in
1371. (Blomefield). The ‘receipt of custom’ is with Wickliffe the ‘tolbothe.’

434.
Skelton seems of the same mind as the author of Cocke Lorelle.
‘So many lollers,
So few true tollers,
So many pollers,
Saw I never.’

435.
I need not remind the majority of my readers of the origin of our term
‘lumber room,’ that it is but a corruption of lombard-room, or the chamber in
which the mediæval pawnbroker stored up all his pledges. Hence we now
speak of any useless cumbrous articles as ‘lumber.’

436.
Mr. Halliwell gives ‘chevisance,’ an agreement, and ‘chevish,’ to bargain. Mr.
Way commenting on ‘chevystyn,’ quotes Fabyan as saying—‘I will assaye to
have hys Erldom in morgage, for welle I knowe he must chevyche for money
to perfourme that journey.’ Mr. Wright’s Glossary to Piers Plowman has
‘chevysaunce, an agreement for borrowing money.’ The word often occurs in
mediæval writers, and no wonder at least one surname arose as a
consequence.
437. An act of Richard II. speaks of officers and ministers made by brocage, and
of their broggers, and of them that have taken the said brocage, ‘pour
brogage, et de lor broggers, et de,’ etc.

438.
I use this phrase as the most convenient. I shall have to record many
descriptive compounds under every separate division, but it is the most
suited for my purpose, and will embrace all the more eccentric nicknames
that I have met with in my researches, especially those made up of verb and
substantive, a practice which opened out a wide field for the inventive
powers of our forefathers.

439.
‘Lease to Thomas Unkle of a wood within the manor of Bolynbroke, Nov. 30,
1485.’ (Materials for Hist. Henry VII. 593 p.)

440.
The English form of Guido was commonly Wydo—hence such entries as
‘Wydo Wodecok,’ or ‘William fil. Wydo.’ Thus, as I have already said,
‘Widowson’ may be a patronymic.

441.
The curious name of ‘John Orphan-strange’ is found in a Cambridge register
for 1544. (Hist. C.C. Coll. Cam.) Doubtless he had been a foundling.

442.
Some Norman-French terms of relationship have been translated, resulting in
names of utterly different sense. Thus Beaupere, a stepfather, has become
‘Fairsire;’ ‘Beaufils,’ a step-son (still surviving in Boffill), ‘Fairchild’; and
‘Beaufrere,’ a step-brother, ‘Fairbrother,’ or ‘Farebrother.’

443.
‘Adam de Halfnaked’ (H.), ‘Adam de Halnaked’ (M.).

444.
The Hundred Rolls have a ‘Henry Mucklebone.’

445.
‘Lusty,’ ‘Fat,’ and ‘Stout’ evidently were not expressive enough for some of
our forefathers, to judge by such entries as ‘Henry Pudding,’ ‘William
Broadgirdel,’ or ‘Joan Broad-belt.’ The last still lives.
446.
Epitaph on William Younger, Rector of Great-Melton, deceased March 6th,
1661, ætat. 57—
‘Younger he was by name, but not in grace,
Elder than he, in this, must give him place.’

(Hist. of Norfolk, vol. v. p. 13.) ‘Youngerman’ may be seen over a shop in

Cheetham Hill Road, Manchester.

447. ‘Littler’ and ‘littlest’ were once the common degrees of comparison.
Shakespeare uses the superlative. Mr. Halliwell gives the Norfolk dialect a
large range. Besides ‘less’ and ‘least’ he adds ‘lesser’ and ‘lessest,’ ‘lesserer’
and ‘lesserest,’ ‘lesserer still’ and ‘lessest of all,’ and ‘littler’ and ‘littlest.’

448.
The former ‘Haut,’ that is, high or tall, is obsolete, I think. ‘Robert le Haut’ is
met with in a Norfolk register. (Hist. Norf., Index.)

449.
It is curious to compare local registers with local dictionaries. Thus the
Promptorium Parvulorum gives as a familiar Norfolk term in the fourteenth
century, ‘craske, fryke of fatte,’ or ‘lusty,’ as we should now say. This crask
was a vulgar form of the French ‘cras’ (Latin, ‘crassus’). Turning to our
registers, we find that while our ‘Crass’s’ are found in our more general rolls
as ‘Richard le Cras’ or ‘John le Cras’ or ‘Stephen Crassus,’ our ‘Crasks’ must
go to a Norfolk entry for a ‘Walter le Crask.’ (Vide Hist. Norfolk, Index.
Blomefield.)

450.
‘Robert Manekin,’ A. Nevertheless this is a baptismal name also with the
diminutive ‘kin’ appended. ‘Manekyn le Heaumer,’ H.

451.
‘To make a mow’ was to put on a mocking expression. The word was once
very familiar, though rarely used now. Bishop Bradford, speaking of the
Romish priesthood, says—‘They never preach forth the Lord’s death but in
mockery and mows.’ (Parker Soc., p. 395.) Mow has no relation to mouth.

452.
‘William Malregard’ (T.), or ‘Geoffrey Malreward’ (T.), i.e. Evil-eye, would not
possess enviable sobriquets, but the name lingered on for several centuries.
453.
‘John Monoculus’ occurs in Memorials of Fountains Abbey.

454.
A ‘William Blackhead’ entered C. C. Coll. Cam. in 1669, and a ‘Thomas
Hardhede’ in 1467. (Hist. C. C. Coll.)

455.
The Abbot of Leicester in 1474 was one ‘John Sheepshead.’ ‘William
Sheepshead’ is also mentioned in the Index to Nicholls’ Leicester.

456.
We must not forget, however, that ‘swier’ is early found as a provincialism for
‘squier,’ so that it may be referred in some cases to that once important
officer. (v. p. 199.)

457. ‘Guy le Armerecte’ (A.) would seem to be a Latinization of the name.

458.
‘Henry Langbane’ occurs in the list of the Corpus Christi Guild, York. (Surt.
Soc.)

459.
I see ‘Catterman’ also exists. This is early faced by ‘Richard Catermayn’ (H.).

460.
Robert Pettifer was Sheriff of Gloucester in 1603. (Rudder’s Gloucestershire,
p. 116.)

461.
The famous old surname of ‘Ironsides’ is found so late as 1754, the Lord
Mayor of London for that year being ‘Edward Ironside.’ The Bishop of Bristol
in 1689 was ‘Gilbert Ironside.’ His father, ‘Gilbert Ironside,’ preceded him in
the same see.

462.
‘Antony Knebone’ (Z.). This would seem to belong to a similar class.

463.
‘Leg’ did not come into use till the beginning of the xiiith century, when it
was imported from Norway. ‘Shank,’ as the various compound sobriquets
found below will fully prove, did duty.

464.
Mr. Halliwell quotes the following couplet from an old manuscript:
 ‘Hir one schanke blak hir other graye,
A nd all her body like the lede.’—(Dic. I. 1.)

465.
‘Gerald Bushanke’ (A.). This might be ‘Beau-shank,’ and therefore equivalent
to ‘Bellejambe,’ but such an admixture of languages is not likely. We still
speak of ‘bow-leg,’ and this is the more probable origin.

466.
Swift, however, is not the only courier’s sobriquet preserved to us. ‘In the
Countess of Leicester’s service were several whose real names were sunk in
titles ridiculously descriptive of their qualities. “Slingaway,” the learned editor
of the Household Roll, has pointed out, he might have added “Gobithestie”
(go a bit hasty) and “Bolett” (bullet), so denominated from their speed, and
“Truebodie” (true body) from his fidelity. These were all couriers.’ (Hous.
Exp. Bish. Swinfield, p. 143.)

467. ‘C. P. Golightly,’ ‘Thomas Golightly.’ Vide Clergy List, 1848, and other
directories.

468.
I have mentioned ‘Matilda Finger’ (H.). I do not find any ‘Toe’ in our
Directories, but ‘Peter Pricktoe’ (M.) and ‘Thomas Pinchshu’ (A.) existed in
the xivth century.

469.
Accidents of this kind naturally became sobriquets, and then surnames.
Hence such entries as ‘William Crypling’ (A.), ‘William Onhand’ (B.), ‘John
Onehand’ (D.), or ‘John Handless’ (W. 11). ‘John Gouty’ (V. 1) represents a
still troublesome complaint, and may be mentioned here.

470.
‘Jordan le Madde’ occurs in the Placita de Quo Warranto.

471.
‘William Whitehand’ is set down in the C. C. Coll. records for 1665. (Hist. C.
C. Coll. Cam.) ‘Humbert Blanchmains’ is found in Nicholls’ Leicestershire.

472.
In the Prompt. Parv. we find not merely ‘slyke, or smothe,’ but ‘slykeston.’
The slick or sleek stone was used for smoothing linen or paper; vide Mr.
Way’s note thereon, p. 458. ‘The eban stone which goldsmiths used to
sleeken their gold with,’ etc. (Burton’s Anatomy.)
473.
Thus ‘Bell’ comes into three categories—the local, the baptismal, and the
sobriquet, represented in our registers by three such entries as ‘John atte
Bell’ (X.), ‘Richard fil. Bell’ (A.), and ‘Walter le Bel’ (G.).

474.
‘Katharine Prettyman’ (Z.), ‘William Prettiman’ (F.F.). The name still flourishes,
and as ‘Miss Prettiman’ figures in the Caudle Lectures.

475.
‘Nutbrown’ is found in several early records, and existed till 1630 at least.
‘George Nutbrowne was sworne the same daye pistler, and Nathaniel
Pownell, gospeller.’ (Cheque Bk., Chapel Royal (Cam. Soc.), p. 12.)

476.
‘White’ and ‘Grissel’ are combined in ‘Anne Griselwhite,’ a name occurring in
an old Norfolk register. (Vide Index, Hist. Norfolk, Blomefield.)

477. ‘Thomas Pock-red’ in the Hundred Rolls would not be acceptable.

478.
‘Blanchfront’ seems to have been common, as I find it in three distinct
registers. ‘Joan Blaunkfrount,’ a nun of Molseby. (Letters from Northern
Registers, p. 319.) ‘Philip Blanchfront’ (F. F.), ‘Amabil Blanchfront.’ (Fines, Ric.
i.)

479.
It was in the house of a Josias Roughead, of Bedford, that John Bunyan was
first licensed to preach in 1672.

480.
‘Richard Flaxennehed’ occurs in the Hundred Rolls.

481.
‘Antony Wiselheade’ is registered in Elizabeth’s reign in the Calendar to
Pleadings.

482.
‘William Whiteheare’ was Dean of Bristol, 1551. (Barrett, Hist. Bristol.)

483.
‘1522, 31 Dec. To Mr. William Farehaire, Doctor of Laws.’ (Letters of
Fraternity (Durham Priory), p. 119. Surt. Soc.)
 Names like ‘William Harebrown,’ ‘Ralph Lightred,’ and ‘John Litewhyte’ seem
to belong to the same category with the above.

484.
Burton, in his Anatomy of Melancholy, says, ‘Apollonius will have Jason’s
golden hair to be the main cause of Medea’s dotage on him. Castor and
Pollux were both yellow-haired. Homer so commends Helen, makes Patroclus
and Achilles both yellow-haired; Pulchricoma Venus, and Cupid himself was
yellow-haired.’

485.
This sobriquet, as old as the Hundred Rolls, is found in the xviith cent., at
Durham. ‘Peter Blackbeard’ was ‘brought up for not paying Easter
reckonings, 1676.’ (Dean Granville’s Letters, p. 235.)

486.
A contributor to Notes and Queries, Jan. 14, 1860, quotes an old Ipswich
record in which is mentioned an ‘Alexander Redberd’ dwelling there in the
early part of the sixteenth century.

487. ‘John Brounberd, son of William, a hostage from Galloway.’

(Letters from Northern Registers, p. 163.)
‘Janet Brounebeard’ was an inmate of St. Thomas’s Hospital, York, February
6, 1553. (W. 11, p. 304.)

488.
I find this name still exists as ‘Pickavant.’ It may be seen over a boot and
shoe warehouse by the Railway Station at Southport, Lancashire. Probably
‘Pickance’ is an abbreviated form. ‘Charles, son of Daniel and Eliza Pickance,
bapt. March 26, 1754.’ (St. Ann’s, Manchester.)

489.
Many of my readers will be familiar with the sobriquet ‘nottpated,’ which
Shakespeare puts in Prince Henry’s mouth several times.

490.

‘Calvus protests for foes he doth not care;

For why? They cannot take from him one hair.’
(Satyrical Epigrams, 1619.)
491.
The Athenæum thinks the more manifest origin is the local ‘peel,’ a small
fortress used by Chaucer in the House of Fame—
‘God save the lady of this pele.’

I was not ignorant of the word, but as I could not find any examples in the
old rolls, I gave the preference to the nickname. I have since met with an
entry which justifies the Athenæum’s remark: ‘1605, Nov. 14, Rodger of ye
Peele.’ Also, ‘1621, July 10, Robarte Rodley, of ye Peele in Chetham.’
(Memorials of Manchester Streets, p. 282.)

492.
‘John Lytlehare’ occurs in a Norfolk register. Query, is it meant for ‘Littlehair’?
Probably it is. (Blomefield’s Norfolk.) ‘Simon Lytehare’ (lyte = little) is found
in the Parl. Writs. ‘Richard le Herprute’ occurs in the H.R. The modern form
would be ‘Hairproud.’

493.
‘Plunket’ was in early use as a perversion of ‘blanket.’ Thus a statute of
Richard III. relating to this stuff calls it ‘plonket.’ The form in the Prompt.
Parv. is ‘plunket;’ and Mr. Way, commenting upon it, quotes a line from the
Awntyrs of Arthure—
‘Hir belte was of plonkete, with birdis fulle baulde.’

494.
This was a nickname of Sir Thomas Woodcock, Lord Mayor of London, 1405
—
‘Hic jacet, Tom Shorthose,
Sine tomb, sine sheets, sine riches.’

In the neighbourhood of Belper this surname may be commonly met with.

Some change of fashion at this date, encouraged by the mayoralty, would
readily give rise to the sobriquet in the metropolis. Some country squire or
bumpkin carried the new style into Derbyshire, and the Belper people still
relate the fact of the grotesque appearance he then made in their eyes by
the nom-de-plume that as a necessary consequence arose. ‘Sic est vita
nominum.’
495.
‘Agnes Blakmantyll’ (W. 11) occurs in an old York register, 1455, but must
have become obsolete with the bearer, I should imagine.

496.
‘John Caury-Maury’ (V. 8) belongs to this class. It was a nickname given to
him on account of the exceedingly coarse cloth in which he was attired. In
Skelton’s Elynour Rummyng, some slatterns are thus described—
‘Some loke strawry,
Some cawry mawry.’

‘Item, presentatum est quod ‘Johannes Caurymaury,’ ‘Johannes le Fleming,’

‘Hugo Bunting,’ ‘Isaac de Stanford,’ et Lucas de eadem consueti fuerunt
currere cum canibus suis sine warento,’ etc. (Chronicon Petroburgense. Cam.
Soc., p. 138.)

497. This may be local.

498.
We all remember in ‘Love’s Labour’s Lost’ how Armado, being pressed to
fight, refuses to undress, and says: ‘The naked truth of it is, I have no shirt;
I go woolward for penance.’

499.
One feels much tempted to add ‘Roylance’ to this list. It certainly has a most
kingly aspect. Still there can be little doubt that it is but a corruption of
‘Rylands.’

500.
I need not stay to point out the early familiar use of ‘yard’ as a stick or staff
of any length. In Wicklyffe’s New Testament we find the following:—‘And he
seide to hem nothing take ye in the weye—neither yerde, ne scrippe, neither
breed, ne money.’ (Luke ix. 3.) Our Authorized Version still preserves the
meteyard from obsoletism: ‘Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in
meteyard, in weight, or in measure.’ (Lev. xix. 35.)

501.
The horn was carried by the watchman as well as the huntsman and the
cryer. ‘Henry Watchorn’ was mayor of Leicester in 1780, and the name
occurs in the Nottingham Directory for 1864. Other compounds besides
‘Waghorn’ are ‘Crookhorn,’ ‘Cramphorn’ (i.e., crooked horn), ‘Langhorn’ and
‘Whitehorn.’
502.
It was a Captain Waghorn who was tried by court-martial for the wreck of
the Royal George, which went down off Portsmouth in 1782. He was
acquitted, however.

503.
‘Anne, daughter of Hugh and Elizabeth Shakeshaft, baptized Dec. 6, 1744.’
(St. Ann’s, Register, Manchester.)

504.
‘Robert Go-before’ in the Rolls of Parl. is an evident sobriquet affixed upon
some official of this class.

505.
‘John Swyrdebrake,’ alias ‘John Taillour.’
(Materials for Hist. Henry VII., p. 441.)

506.
In a list of bankrupts, dated the thirteenth year of Elizabeth, and quoted in
Notes and Queries, Jan. 1860, occurs an ‘Anthony Halstaffe,’ doubtless
originally ‘Halestaffe,’ from ‘hale,’ to drag, and thus a likely sobriquet for a
catchpoll or bailiff.

507. In the biographical notice appended to Archbishop Sandys’ Sermons,

published by the Parker Society, we find that one of his friends was called
‘Hurlestone.’ This will be of similar origin with ‘Hurlebat.’ (pp. 13, 14.)

508.
‘Thomas Crakyshield’ was Rector of North Creak in Norfolk in the year 1412.
(Hist. Norfolk, vii. 77.)

509.
‘William Ryghtwys’ was Vicar of Fouldon in 1497. (Blomefield’s Norfolk.)
‘Upright’ appeared in a trial at Exeter in October 1874.

510.
‘Make’ was a familiar compound. ‘Joan Make-peace’ was sister to Henry III.,
and so named by the Scotch through her betrowal to their monarch, by
which peace was brought about. Bishop Hall uses the opposite for a
quarrelsome fellow—
 ‘If brabbling Makefray, at each faire and ’size,
Picks quarrels for to show his valiantise.’

‘Julian Make-blisse’ and ‘John Make-blythe’ occur in two separate rolls, and
Mr. Lower mentions a ‘Maud Make-joy’ in an old Wardrobe Account: ‘1297,
Dec. 26. To Maud Make-joy for dancing before Edward Prince of Wales, at
Ipswich, 2s.’ Here the sobriquet is adopted in compliment to the profession.

511.
Our ‘Hardmans’ are but a corruption of ‘Hardyman.’ John Hardyman, D.D.,
was installed prebend of Chester in June, 1563. (Ormerod’s Cheshire, vol. i.
p. 223.)

512.
‘Reginald Littleprowe’ was Mayor of Norwich in 1532, and ‘John Littleproud’
was buried at ‘Attleburgh’ in 1619. (Hist. Norf., iii. 219, and i. 535.) This
sobriquet, I doubt not, was in sarcastic allusion to the haughty demeanour of
its first possessor. As in so many cases, however, there seems to have been
no objection to its acceptance on the part of his posterity.

513.
‘Oswin Sharparrow’ (W. 3), ‘John Sharparrow’ (W. 2), ‘William Sharparrow’
(W. 11). The original nominee was probably of a sarcastic turn. The following
inscription was once to be seen in York Minster: ‘Orate pro anima dom.
Johannis Sharparrowe, quondam parsone in Eccles. Cath. Ebor., qui obiit xxv.
die Oct. an. 1411.’ (Drake’s Eboracum, p. 498.)

514.
‘Deliver’ as an adjective meant ‘nimble,’ ‘lithe.’ It was familiarly used. Chaucer
has ‘deliverly,’ ‘deliverness,’ and ‘deliver.’ Of the young squier he says—
‘Of his stature he was of even lengthe,
And wonderly deliver, and great of strengthe.’

‘Ralph le Delivre’ is found in the Rot. Curiæ Regis.

515.
The names of ‘Thomas le Busteler’ (F.F.) and ‘Robert le Bustler’ (T.) are less
complimentary than most of the above. ‘Nicholas le Medler’ (A.) would be
quite as objectionable.

516.
‘Craske, fryke of fatte,’ i.e., lusty, fresh. (Pr. Par.)
517. ‘Richard Curtevalur’ (A.) would seem to have had an instinctive acquaintance
with the moral of that couplet which asserts that
‘He who fights and runs away
Shall live to fight another day.’

There are a good many people, I fancy, who thus ‘take thought for the
morrow.’

518.
Fr. Preux = valiant.

519.
‘Simon Stallworthe’ is mentioned in the Grants of Edward the Fifth. (Cam.
Soc.) The modern form of the term colloquially used is ‘stalwart.’

520.
‘Arthur Purefoy’ or ‘Purefaye’ was Rector of Redenhall in 1584. (Hist. Norf., v.
363.)

521.
Thus Archbishop Sandys commences a sermon at Paul’s Cross:—‘The Apostle
St. Peter, like a perfit workman and a skilful builder, first layeth a sure
foundation.’ (Parker Soc., p. 386.)

522.
‘Thomas Bontemps’ appears in a Norfolk register of the fourteenth century.
(Hist. Norfolk, Index.) It seems somewhat analogous to the now familiar
‘Bonheur.’

523.
The son and successor of Charlemagne, Louis First, went by the sobriquet of
‘le Debonnaire,’ on account of his courteous and affable character.

524.
‘Thomas Gentilhomme’ in the Writs of Paul represents the Norman-French
form. The surname still exists in France, as does ‘Gentleman’ in England.

525.
Akin to ‘Malcolm le Musard’ (M.) was ‘Alan le Mute’ (A.). ‘Henry Duceparole’
(T.) or ‘Richard Parlebien’ (M.) is decidedly complimentary, but ‘William
Spekelital’ (P.) would seem to have been morose.
526.
‘John Strictman’ (A.) and ‘John le Severe’ (A.) may be set here.

527. The Babees’ Book (Early Eng. Text. Soc.).

528.
‘Every midwyfe shulde be presented with honest women of great gravity to
the Bysshop,’ for she ‘shulde be a sadde woman, wyse and discrete, having
experience.’ (Andrew Boorde.)

529.
The Hundred Rolls give us a ‘Robert le Sotele.’ ‘Salomon le Sotel’ was Sheriff
of London in 1290, according to Stow. There is no reason to suppose that
either of these was distinguished for any of the unpleasant features that
often belong to sharp characteristics.

530.
The Issue Roll gives us an opposite characteristic in ‘Thomas Litilskill.’

531.
‘Christopher Greynhorne’ (W. 15) would represent the modern sense of this
word.

532.
There used to be an old proverb—
‘Whylst grasse doth growe oft sterves the seely steede.’

Vide Dyce’s notes to ‘All’s Well that Ends Well.’ (Shakespeare’s Works, vol. iii.
p. 288.) One of the best illustrations of this word, however, is to be met with
in Foxe’s Martyrology, where, describing the martyrdom of a young child not
seven years old, he says: ‘The captain, perceiving the child invincible and
himself vanquished, committed the silly soul, the blessed babe, the child
uncherished, to the stinking prison.’ (Vol. i. p. 126, Edit. 1844.)

533.
Thomas Selybarn (i.e. Silly-child) occurs in the York Guild. (W. 11.)

534.
Joyce may belong either to the nickname or the baptismal class. ‘Richard le
Joyce,’ J., ‘Joyce Faukes,’ H., ‘Joice Frankline,’ W. 9.

535.
‘William Gladchere’ (‘Gladcheer’) (F.F.) would be a pleasant sobriquet.
536.
‘Alicia Blissewenche’ occurs in the Hundred Rolls—a light-hearted ruddy-faced
country girl of happy disposition and blithe expression. I doubt not he was a
lucky swain who got her to go to the priest with him to sue wedlock. Cf.
‘Jeffery Joyemaiden’ in the same record.

537. The early ‘John Bellewether’ (H.) may be either a partial translation of this,
or that which is more likely, a sobriquet taken from the custom of fastening a
bell around the neck of the leading sheep, by which to conduct the rest. We
still term such an one the ‘bell-wether.’

538.
We never use ‘merry’ now in relation to sacred things, though our English
Bible does. The fact is, the word has somewhat sunk in the social scale. Few
preachers would say, as Bishop Bradford could say quite naturally in his day,
‘The Lord for Christ’s sake give us merry hearts to drink lustily of His sweet
cup.’ A monument in Marshfield Church on A. Meredeth ends thus —
‘Judge then, what he did lose who lost but breath,
Lived to die well, and dyed A MEREDETH.
(Rudder’s Gloucestershire.)

539.
‘Sweetlove’ is met by ‘Duzamour;’ ‘Felicia Duzamour’ occurs in the
Domesday, St. Paul’s (Cam. Soc.). ‘Dulcia Fynamour’ is set down in the
Wardrobe Accounts Ed. 1.

540.
‘Wooer,’ and even ‘Wooeress,’ seem to have existed. ‘John le Wower’ (A.),
‘Hugh le Wewer’ (R.), ‘Emma Woweres’ (A.).

541.
‘Ralph Full-of-Love’ was Rector of West Lynn in the year 1462. (Hist. of
Norfolk, vol. viii. p. 536.)

542.
‘Well beloved’ was the usual term applied in any formal address in the Middle
Ages, such as when a king in council made any public announcement, or
when a priest addressed his people, or when a testator mentioned a legatee.
It was then a perfectly familiar expression, and would easily affix itself as a
sobriquet. A Rev. C. Wellbeloved published a translation of the Bible in 1838,
printed by Smallfield and Co., London.
543.
‘Sweet’ and its compounds, however, are most probably to be referred to our
baptismal nomenclature. A ‘Swet le Bone’ is found in the Hundred Rolls, and
in the same record occur such other forms as ‘Swetman fil. Edith’ and
‘Sweteman Textor.’

544.
In All Saints Church, Hertford, exists or existed a tablet with an inscription
dated 1428, beginning thus—
‘Here lyeth under this stone William Wake,
And by him Joane his wife and make.’
(Clutterbuck’s Hertfordshire, vol. ii., p. 165.)

545.
‘Prudens’ should more properly, perhaps, be placed among abstract virtues.
‘Richard Prudence’ F.F. Later on it became a baptismal name—‘Prudence
Howell.’ (Proceedings in Chancery: Elizabeth.)

546.
‘Richard Merricocke’ (F.F.) was evidently a jovial fellow.

547. ‘Parramore’ is always found as ‘Paramour’ in early rolls, and in this form
existed till the xviith century. ‘April 18, 1635, Whitehall. Captain Thomas
Paramour appointed to the Adventure.’ State Papers, 1635 (Domestic).

548.
It was a favourite joke some few years ago in the House of Commons to say
that there were in it two Lemons and but one Peel. While Sir Robert Peel was
Irish Secretary, from 1812 to 1818, and was somewhat remarkable in that
capacity for his opposition to the Roman Catholics, it was customary to style
him by the sobriquet of ‘Orange Peel.’

549.
‘Lyare, or gabbare—mendax, mendosus.’ (Prompt. Parv.) ‘Henry le Liere’
(H.R.) speaks for himself, unless he belies himself.

550.
Like ‘Gabelot,’ ‘Hamelot,’ ‘Hughelot,’ ‘Crestelot,’ etc., ‘Gibelot’ may be a
diminutive, in which case ‘Gilbert’ will be the root, and the name will belong
to the patronymic class. (Vide p. 16, note 1.)
551.
A ‘William Gidyheved’ (Giddyhead) is mentioned by Mr. Riley as living in
London in the xivth century. (X. index.)

552.
In the Pr. Par., ‘Gybelot’ (or Gyglot) is rendered ‘ridax.’

553.
Teetotalism was not without its representatives—‘Thomas le Sober’ (M.),
‘Richard Drynkewatere’ (M.), ‘John Drinkewater’ (A.). There is no proof for
Camden’s statement that this is a corruption of Derwentwater. From the
earliest days it appears in its present dress.

554.
‘Memorandum, quod die sancti Leonardi, fecit Galfridus Dringkedregges de
Ubbethorp homagium.’ (V. 8, p. 151.)
555.
‘Thomas Sourale’ (A.) is met by ‘John Sweteale,’ a member of St. George’s
Guild, Norwich (V.). The former, I doubt not, was a crabbed peevish fellow.

556.
‘Simon le Chuffere’ occurs in the H.R. This was a common term of
opprobrium for a miser. As ‘Chuffer’ it is found in the Townley Mysteries.

557. ‘The wife of Mr. Turnpenny, newsagent, Leeds, was yesterday delivered of
two sons and one daughter, all of whom are doing well (Manchester Evening
News, July 1, 1873.)

558.
‘William Taylemayle’ is found in the Chronicon Petroburgense. (Cam. Soc.)

559.
We may also mention ‘Gilbert le Covetiose’ (M.) and ‘Robert Would-have.’ We
still say ‘much would have more.’ ‘Robert Would-have, sergeant-at-mace,
witness in trial before the Mayor of Newcastle, March 23, 1662.’ (W. 16.)

560.
‘William Rakestraw’ reminds us of ‘Piers Plowman’s ‘ratoner and rakyer of
Cheape,’ i.e., ratcatcher and scavenger of Cheapside. A still more
objectionable name was that of ‘Adam Ketmongere’ (H.R.), Ket = filth,
carrion. ‘Honorius le Rumonjour’ (Rummager) (N.) would seem to have
followed a similar calling. These sobriquets would readily be affixed upon
men of a penurious and scraping character.

561.
‘William Wildeblood’ is found in a Yorkshire Roll (W. 9), and ‘Jordan Kite-
wilde’ in the H.R.

562.
Also ‘Agnes Gyngyvere’ in Riley’s Memorials of London. Like ‘John Vergoose’
(W. 13) i.e., vinegarish, they would seem to hit off the sharp temperament of
their owners.

563.
Vide Lower’s English Surnames, i. 242.

564.
Thus it is with our ‘Roses.’ The Rot. Fin. in Turri London. give us a ‘John de la
Rose,’ while the Hundred Rolls furnish us with a ‘Nicholas de la Rose.’
565.
‘Paid John of the hall, of tow (two) urchines, 0l. 0s. 4d.’ (Hist. and Ant.
Staffordshire, i. 197.)

566.
George Camel and Jane Camel were apprehended as Popish recusants, May
2, 1673. (Dean Granville’s Letters, p. 225.) ‘William Cammille’ (V. 4), ‘George
Camil’ (W. 20).

567. ‘1438.’ “Item, pro aula ‘Olefante,’ Magister Kyllynworth.” (Mun. Acad. Oxon.
p. 522.) This hall or smaller college was so called from the sign over the
door. Skelton has both ‘olyfant’ and ‘olyphante.’ He describes a woman in
‘Eleanor Rummyng’ as
‘Necked lyke an olyfant.’

568.
‘Herveus de Lyons,’ C., ‘Richard de Lyouns,’ M.

569.
It was ‘Hugues le Loup’ the Conqueror appointed Second Count of the
Cheshire Palatinate.

570.
‘Lovel’ is the diminutive. ‘Maulovel’ will thus be ‘Bad-wolfkin.’

571.
A Rascal was a lean, ragged deer; Shakespeare so uses it. Very early,
however, the term was applied to the vulgar herd of human kind, but with
far less opprobious meaning than now. Hall, quoting Henry of
Northumberland, speaks of Henry IV. as having obtained his crown ‘by the
counsaill of thy frendes, and by open noising of the rascale people’ (f. xxi.),
i.e. the rabble. An extract from the Ordinances of Henry VIII. at Eltham says,
‘It is ordained that none of the sergeants at arms, heralds ... have, retain, or
bring into the court any boyes or rascalles, nor also other of their servants.’
The surname was very common, and lasted a long time—‘John Raskele’ (H.),
‘Henry Rascall’ (Z.). Robert Rascal was persecuted for his religion in 1517
(Foxe). ‘Received for a pewe in the lower end of the churche set to Richard
Rascalle, vis.’ (Ludlow Churchwardens’ Accounts, Cam. Soc.)

572.
As we have Cock and Cockerell, Duck and Duckrell, so we have Buck and
Buckerell—‘Peter Bokerel’ (A.), ‘Matthew Bokerel’ (A.). Cf. Mackarel and
 Pickerell.

573.
Sometimes this is local, and a mere corruption of Beauvoir—‘Roger de
Belvoir’ (M.).

574.
‘Duncalf’ may be seen over a window in Oldham Road, Manchester. ‘William
Duncalf’ (A.A. 1), ‘John Duncalf’ (A.A. 1).

575.
Such names as Roger Runcy, Richard Palefray, John Portehors, or Ralph
Portehos represent terms very familiar to our forefathers.

576.
This word ‘beef’ as denotive of the living animal was in vogue in the
seventeenth century at least. The plural ‘beeves’ is still to be found in our
Authorized Version. For instance, Levit. xxii. 19, is translated, ‘Ye shall offer
at your own will a male without blemish of the beeves, of the sheep, or of
the goats.’ Shakespeare, also, has the word in this sense. He speaks in his
‘Merchant of Venice’ of the—
‘Flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats.’

We have here mutton used in the same manner. Edward the Second was
accustomed ‘to breede upp beeves and motonnes in his parkes to serve his
household.’ (Liber Niger, Ed. IV.)

577. Apart from such entries as ‘William le Lamb,’ we find a ‘John Lambgrome’ in
the Hundred Rolls. Though obsolete, we must set him by our ‘Shepherds.’ A
brother-in-law of John Wesley bore the name of ‘Whitelamb.’ I am not sure
whether this surname has died out or not. In the Visitation of Yorkshire,
1665, it is found in the person of ‘Isabel Whitlamb.’

578.
‘Robert Spichfat’ (X.), ‘William Spichfat’ (W. 11.), from the old ‘spic,’ bacon,
seem to refer to the greasy habits of their owners.

579.
Christopher Pigg was Mayor of Lynn Regis in 1742.

580.
An old political poem says the Italians bring in
 ‘Apes and japes and mamusetts taylede,
Nifles, trifles, that litelle have avayled.’

581.
Raton is still the term in the North. Langland uses it, and in Chaucer the
Potecary is asked by a purchaser—
‘That he him would sell
Some poison, that he might his ratouns quell.’

582.
‘Some bileve that yf the kite or the puttock fle ovir the way afore them that
they should fare wel that daye, for sumtyme they have farewele after that
they see the puttock so fleyinge.’ (Brand, iii. 113.)

583.
Our present Authorized Version retains the term in Deut. xiv. 13, where
mention is made of ‘the glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind.’
Locally it is found in ‘Gledhill’ and ‘Gladstone,’ or more correctly ‘Gledstane,’
that is, the hill or crag which the kites were wont to frequent. A ‘William de
Gledstanys’ is met with in the Coldingham Priory Records of the date of
1357, proving its North English origin. ‘Hawkstone’ and ‘Gladstone’ are thus
synonymous.

584.
‘Richard Sparhawke’ was Rector of Fincham in 1534. (Hist. Norf., vii. 358.)

585.
‘Philip Chikin’ (A.), ‘John Chikin’ (A.). The name existed in the xviith cent., for
one ‘George Chicken’ was summoned at Ryton ‘for not payeing his
assessments, July 28, 1673.’ (Dean Granville’s Letters, Sur. Soc.).

586.
‘Peter le Goos,’ F.F., ‘Walter le Gows,’ A., ‘Amicia le Gos,’ J., ‘John le Gos,’ M.
The latter, as ‘Goss,’ is the present most common form.

587. This is as often from Joscelyn. ‘Gosceline fil. Gawyn,’ A., ‘Roger fil. Gocelin,’
A.

588.
A tablet with the inscription ‘Sacred to the Memory of Priscilla Blackbird’ has
been put up in Stepney churchyard within the last few years.
589.
‘The bailiffs and commons granted to Robert Popingeay, their fellow citizen,
all their tenement and garden in the Parish of St. Mary in the Marsh.’ 1371.
(Hist. Norf., iii. 97.) ‘Richard Popingay,’ T.T. ‘To a servaunt of William ap
Howell for bringing of a popyngay to the Quene to Windesore, xiiis. iiiid.’
(Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York, 1502.)

590.
‘He turnede upso down the boordis of chaungeris, and the chayers of men
that solden culvers.’ (Matt. xxi. 12. v. Wicklyffe.)

591.
The Prompt. Par. has ‘reyn-fowle, a bryd,’ so called, the Editor says, because
its cry was supposed to prognosticate rain.

592.
‘Thomas le Whal’ (B.), ‘Ralph le Wal’ (A.). As with Oliphant, over-corpulence
would give rise to the sobriquet.

593.
‘Reymund Heryng’ (M.). The diminutive is found in the case of ‘Stephen
Harengot’ (D.D.), i.e., ‘Little Herring.’

594.
‘Elizabeth Salmon’ (G.). It is said, a Mr. Salmon having been presented by his
wife with three boys at one birth, gave them the names of ‘Pickled,’ ‘Potted,’
and ‘Fresh.’ I would call the reader’s attention to the italicised words that
preface the statement.

595.
Daniel Turbot was summoned ‘for not paying Easter reckonyngs, Aug. 23rd,
1674.’ (Granville’s Letters. Sur. Soc.)

596.
‘Matthew Chubb,’ a member of the ‘Gild of Tailors, Exeter.’—21 Ed. IV.
(English Gilds, 323 p.)

597. ‘John Tenche’ (A.). Tenche is the name of one of the yeomen of the Guard to
Queen Mary when Princess Mary. (Priv. Purse Exp. 1543.)

598.
Thomas Spratt was Bishop of Rochester in 1688.
599.
This is doubtless but a feminine form of Odo.

600.
‘Roger le Waps’ is found in a Sussex subsidy roll of 1296. (Lower, i. 242.)

601.
In Ricart’s Kalendar of Bristol (Cam. Soc.), William and Robert Snake are set
down among the earlier ‘Prepositi.’

602.
In 1433 it had got corrupted into ‘Querdling,’ a ‘Thomas Querdling’ occupying
an official position in Norwich in that year. Of him the following rhyme speaks
—
‘Whoso have any quarrel or pie,
If he but withstand John Hankey,
John Querdlyng, Nic Waleys, John Belagh, John Meg,
Sore shall him rewe
For they rule all the court with their lawes newe.’
(Blomefield, iii. 145.)

I doubt not ‘Curling’ is the modern representative of this name.

603.
This name is not obsolete. Mr. Lower quotes a local rhyme thus—
‘Worthing is a pretty place,
And if I’m not mistaken,
If you can’t get any butcher’s meat,
There’s “hogs’ flesh” and “bacon.”’

604.
‘William Wolfheryng’ occurs in a Sussex subsidy roll, 1296. (Lower, i. 242.)

605.
‘Joan Blackdam’ occurs in Hist. Norfolk. (Blomefield, v. Index.)

606.
‘Anna Hellicate’ was called before the Archdeacon of Durham, for not coming
to the Church, 27th July, 1673.’ (Dean Granville’s Letters, Surt. Soc.)

607. This most curious name appears in the Manchester Directory for 1861.
608.
This seems to have been a surname—‘John Drawlace’ (W. 18).

609.
The President of the College of Physicians in 1665 was Sir Francis Prujean.
Bramston, in his Autobiography (Cam. Soc.), styles him ‘Prugean.’

610.
The newspapers for June 6th, 1874, mention a ‘Mr. Youngjohn’ in connection
with an election petition at Kidderminster.

611.
We have already noticed that ‘Robin Hood’ had become in itself a surname.
It is quite possible our ‘Little-johns’ have arisen in a similar manner. Little
John, I need not say, was as carefully represented at the May-day dance as
Robin himself or Maid Marian. Ritson has preserved us a rhyme on the
subject—
‘This infant was called John Little,’ quoth he
‘Which name shall be changed anon;
The words we’ll transpose, so wherever he goes,
His name shall be called “Little John.”’

612.
‘Item, to Guillam de Vait, Guillam de Trope, and Pety John mynstralles, ivl.’
(Trevelyan Papers, ii. 20. Cam. Soc.)

613.
We might be tempted to place our ‘Brownbills’ here, but I have recently
shown them to be representative of the old and famous pikes known as
‘brownbills,’ used so commonly in war previous to the introduction of
gunpowder.

614.
Thus Desdemona says to Emilia (Othello, iv. 3)—
‘This Lodovico is a proper man;’

and the latter responds—

‘A very handsome man.’
615.
‘Apple-john’ must be looked upon as a nickname taken from the fruit of that
name. An apple-john was a species of apple which was never fully ripe till
late in the season, when it was shrivelled. Hence Shakespeare’s allusion in 2
Henry IV. ii. 4. ‘Sweet-apple’ will belong to this category.

616.
‘Full-James’ must be looked upon as a corruption of Foljambe. I prefer the
original, though that is not complimentary.

617. This name lingered on till 1674 at least, for one of the private musicians
attached to the household of Charles II. was ‘John Godegroome.’ (Vide
Chappell’s Ballad Literature, p. 469.) ‘Robert le Godegrom’ had appeared
three centuries before in the Hundred Rolls.

618.
‘King’ I have already suggested as a sobriquet given to one who represented
such a rank in some mediæval pageant. Peculiarities of stature, manner, or
dress would readily give rise to the compound forms.

619.
Archbishop Chichele, when founding All Souls’ College, purchased for this
purpose the sites of ‘Beresford’s Hall, St. Thomas’s Hall, Tyngewyck Hall, and
Godknave Hall.’ (Hist. Univ. Oxon, vol. i. p. 195.)
Probably its founder bore that name.

620.
‘Godfrey Mauclerk’ was mayor of Leicester in 1286. Also, ‘Walter Malclerk’
(P.P.). Corrupted into ‘Manclerk,’ this name still exists. (Cf. Clerical Directory,
1874.)

621.
‘Johan le Redeclerk, hosier de Coventry.’ (V. 9, p. xxiv.)

622.
The first ‘Littlepage’ I can light upon is in the case of ‘John Littlepage’ and
‘Joan Littlepage,’ persecuted for their religion in 1521. (Foxe’s Martyrology.)

623.
‘Man’ in the sense of servant is found appended to several Christian names.
Thus we come across such combinations as ‘Mathewman,’ ‘Harriman,’ and
‘Thomasman.’ The wonder is more are not to be met with. The customary
way of registering servants in the old rolls is ‘William Matthew’s man,’ or
‘John’s man Thomas.’ Thus the surname arose. The Proceedings in Kent,
 1640 (Cam. Soc.), contained the name of ‘Nicholas Hodgman,’ and ‘John
Hobman’ was buried May 17th, 1649. (Smith’s Obituary. Cam. Soc.)

624.
‘Grant to Henry Goodclerk for his services in the parts beyond the sea, 23rd
Sep. 1485.’ (Materials for Hist. Henry VII., p. 557.)

625.
‘Goodwife’ seems to have existed formerly. A ‘William Goodwyfe’ was Rector
of Stapleford, Herts, in 1443. (Clutterbuck’s Hertfordshire, vol. ii. p. 218.)

626.
‘Alan Bondame’ represents the feminine (P.P.).

627. John Beaufitz was Sheriff of Warwick in 1485.

628.
A curious circumstance happened, I believe, but a few years ago, causing
the increase of a forename, unintended, we may feel sure, by those most
immediately concerned. A child was taken to church to be baptized. The
clergyman at the usual place turned to the mother and asked what name the
infant was to bear. ‘Robert,’ was the reply. ‘Any other name?’ he inquired.
‘Robert honly,’ she answered, her grammar not being of the best description.
‘Robert Honly, I baptize thee, in the name,’ etc., at once continued the
clergyman, and the child was therefore duly so registered.

629.
A ‘Savage Bear’ was at large in Kent a few years ago. (Lower i. 177.)

630.
‘Ivory Malet’ (D.D.) This, though registered in the xiiith, would seem to have
anticipated the croquet of the xixth cent. ‘Ivray’ was a baptismal name at the
earlier date.

631.
‘More Fortune, bayliff of St. Martin’s, died May 17th, 1367.’ (Smith’s Obituary,
p. 13.)

632.
‘May 27th, 1805. River, son of River and Rebecca Jordan.’ (Christenings, St.
Ann’s, Manchester.)

633.
Several ‘Pine Coffins’ may be seen in the Clerical Directories of 1840–1850.
634.
‘Jean Gottam,’ the Frenchman’s title for ‘John Bull,’ is old. A witness in the
trial of Joan of Arc used the term ‘Godon,’ and explained it to be a sobriquet
of the English from their use of the oath ‘God damn.’

635.
A clever article in the Edinburgh Review, April 1855, suggests ‘Blood’ and
‘Death’ from ‘S’Blood’ and ‘S’Death,’ the abbreviated ‘God’s blood’ and ‘God’s
death.’

636.
Vide page 160. Camden says the Normans were so called because ‘at every
other word they would swear by God.’

637. ‘Henry Godsalve’ entered C.C. Coll. Cam. in 1614. (Masters’ Hist., C.C. Coll.)

638.
‘Item, to Jannett God-send-us, I give a caldron, and a pare of tonges.’
(Extract of will of William Hardinge, Vicar of Heightington, 1584. W. 13.) The
editor suggests she was a foundling.

639.
The Saturday Review, in a criticism of my book, mentions a Rogerus Deus-
salvet-dominas in the Essex Domesday.

640.
‘Mr. Gracedieu, Incumbent of St. James’s, Duke’s Place.’ (Strype, London.)

641.
A curious heraldic name is found in the 17th cent. John Poyndexter, fellow of
Exeter Coll., Oxford, was dispossessed. (Walker, Sufferings of the Clergy.)

642.
Our ‘Olyfadres’ will similarly be the expletive ‘Holy-father,’ unless, like
‘Thomas Worthship’ (Z.), the name be but a title of respect to some
ecclesiastic functionary.

643.
‘Good-speed’ may belong to the same class as Swift, Golightly, Lightfoot,
Roefoot, etc.—V. p. 388.

644.
The Constable of Nottingham Castle in 1369 was one Stephen Rummelowe,
or Rumbilowe, for both forms are to be found.
645.
‘Fulco Twelvepence’ was perhaps related to ‘Robert Shillyng,’ found in the
‘Patent Rolls’ (State Paper Office).

646.
A most anachronistic name is met with in the ‘Calend. Inquis. Post Mortem,’
30 Henry VI., in the entry ‘Robert Banknott.’ A ‘knot’ was a small local
prominence. On the bank or side of this the nominee doubtless dwelt.
Transcriber’s Notes:
There are many instances of words and names
that are hyphenated in the body of the book,
but not in the index. There are a few that are
hyphenated in the index, but not in the body of
the book. The hyphenation was left as printed.
Missing or obscured punctuation was silently
corrected.
Typographical errors were silently corrected.
Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were
made consistent only when a predominant
form was found in this book.
The footnotes have been gathered into one
section at the end of the book.
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