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This document covers various number systems including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and real numbers. It explains concepts such as greatest common factor (GCF) and least common multiple (LCM), along with methods for finding prime factors and divisibility rules. Additionally, it includes exercises for identifying number classifications and determining GCF and LCM.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views331 pagesG10
This document covers various number systems including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and real numbers. It explains concepts such as greatest common factor (GCF) and least common multiple (LCM), along with methods for finding prime factors and divisibility rules. Additionally, it includes exercises for identifying number classifications and determining GCF and LCM.
Uploaded by
tongbinCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 331
Section 1.1 - Number Systems ¢ 5
In this course, we will work with many number systems. We will solve problems involving profit and loss, time
expressed as fractions,
In this section, we will look at numbers that are part of ak
Natural Numbers:
Whole Numbers:
Integers:
Rational Numbers:
Irrational Numbers:
Real Numbers:
lengths of triangles expressed as square roots, and more,
+ collection of numbers called the real numbers,
(1.2.3)
{0.1.2.3}
{.-3,=2,-1,0,1,2,3.}
All the numbers that can be written as a fraction with the denominator not equal to zero.
7 210 955,
Examples: —3. 0. 5, 19. 2.35, —2.
All the numbers that cannot be written asa fraction, a terminating decimal, or a
repeating decimal
Examples: 1.62789,
Al the rational numbers and irrational numbers combined
Real Numbers
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
Tntegers
‘Whole Numbers
Natural Numbers
To which number systems do the following numbers belong?
> Solution: Natural numbers: 4
Whole numbers: 0,4
Integers 2,04 |
Rational numbers: ~2, 0,4. 13
Irrational numbers: V2
Real numbers: 0,413, J
Gopsright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of ths publication may be riprodaced without writen permission from the publisher. 6 ¢ Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
1 Exercise Set
1. State whether each statement is true or false
a) Every natural number is postive
©) Every integer is a whole number
©) Every real number isa rational number
8) Every decimal number isa rational number.
1) All real numbers are integers.
ky All whole numbers are real numbers.
'm) The reciprocal of a non-zero rational number is
also a rational number.
(0), Every real number is either rational or irrational
q) There are an infinite number of real numbers
between 0 and 1
8) Between any two irrational umbers is another
inrational number,
»
4
Dy
dD
»)
»
»
i
Every whole number is positive,
Every whole number is an integer.
Every integer is a rational number
Zero isa rational number.
Al integers are real numbers.
The reciprocal of a non-zero integer is also an integer.
An irrational number times a different irrational
number could be rational
{fa mumber is real then itis irational
A rational number times an irrational number is
always irrational
An irrational number times an irrational number
is always an irrational number.
Copyrighe
09 by Crescent Beach Publishing, No part ofthis publication may Be reprodicea without wr
peronvion From te paisor Section
‘Number Systems ¢ 7
| % Consider thelist of numbers: 4.21, 50, Listall
2) Natural numbers >) Whole numbers
©) Inegers 4) Rational numbers
| ¢) Irrational numbers Real numbers
‘Consider the list of numbers: —4, 0.3, 0, 0.121121112.
35.0. 24 12, TD. List al
}® Natural numbers b) Whote numbers
'
'
©) Integers 4) Rational numbers
'
'
4) national numbers 1) Real numbers
| Comieretisofmuntes: V4, V6, = V8, 008, VE. VOR, cat
) 2) Not namters by Whole numbers
'
'
©) Integers 4) Rational numbers
'
'
' e) Irrational numbers f) Real numbers
\ Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced without writen permission from the publisher.
he 8 ¢ Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
State the number systems each of the following befong to.
ay 16 by
00
) 4.010010001
(Natural, Whole, Integer, Rational, Irational, Real)
2)
a) 258
9 -318isis
VE
List each ofthe following
»
0.0004,
a) Natural numbers fess than 4
°
Whole numbers less than 2
4
©) Positive integers greater than — 4
"Natural numbers greater than $
Integers greater than ~
oy}
8) Non-negative integers less than 4
Whole numbers less than 0
[Negative integers greater than
»
Non-positive integers greater than —
dD
4k) Natural numbers less than 1
1m) Negative integers greater than
Positive and negative integers between ~ 2 and 2
»
3.20
Whole numbers less than |
(6), Natural numbers between ~ 3 and 2
1n)_ Positive whole numbers less than 2.758
P) Whole numbers between ~ 3 and 2
‘Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of Wis publication may be reproduced wihoud writen parma fom he pablshon Section 1.2 - Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple + 9
Greatest Common Factor and Least Common:
A key concept in finding the GCF and LCM is factoring. Factoring is the decomposition of a number into
4 product of other numbers, or factors, which when multiplied together give the original value,
For example: 4 is. factor of 12 because 4 x3
4 is nota factor of 18 because there is no whole number & such that 4 k
8
Next, consider two very special types of whole numbers ¢
led prime numbers and composite numbers.
Prime Numbers and Composite Numbers
A prime number is a whole number that has exactly two factors: | and itself
A composite number is a whole number greater than 1 that has @ divisor other than one ot itself, ot
in other words, is not prime. Every composite number has more than two factors.
List of Prime Numbers Less Than 100
2,3,5, 7,11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
7. 41,43, 47, $3, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97
Note: The set of prime numbers is infinite. As of August 23, 2008 the largest prime number that has been
discovered is 2°"""" — 1, This number has 12 978 189 digits! (Printing this number would take
about 2200 pages.)
Zero and One
The whole numbers 0 and I are neither prime noe composite
Zero is not a prime number because it has an infinite number of divisors. One is nota prime number
because it does not have two different positive whole number divisors,
EERE Which ofthe following are composite numbers: 3,10, 18,
P Solution: 10 = 2x5 and 18 = 2%3%3, therefore 10 and 18 are composite, The others are prime.
Gorrie
Ths publication maybe raproduced witha writen permission fom the publisher 10 ¢ Chapter 1 Real Numbers
Divisibility Properties
Divisibilty by 2
visibly by 3
Divisibility by 4:
Divisibility by 5
Divisibilty by 6:
Divisihility by &
Awhole number is divisible by 2ifits last digit is 0,2, 4, 6 oF 8
[A whole number is divisible by 3 if the sum ofits digits are divisible by 3
ible by 4 ifthe last two digits are divisible by 4.
A whole number is divisible by 5 if the last digit is 0 or S
A whole number is di
[A whole number is divisible by 6 if it is an even number that is divisible by 3.
A.whole number is divisible by 9 ifthe sum ofits digits are divisible by 9.
A whole number is divisible by 10 if it ends in a 0.
Deternine which ofthe digit mmbersare divisible bythe ge 1 2 iit umber
a) 4735, 2638: 2b) 2783,
1; 3) 4384, 6394; 4d) 3753, 8240: 5
«¢) 7936, 2898; 6 f) 3564,5239; 9g) 9625, 3780: 1
Solution: a)
»)
°
4
°
2
2638 ends in an even number, therefore 2638 is divisible by 2
44735 ends in an odd number, therefore 4735 is not divisible by 2.
“The digits of $271 add to 15 (5 +2 +7 + 1 = 15), which is divisible by 3, therefore
5721 is divisible by 3.
‘The digits of 2783 add to 20 (2 +7+8+3 = 20), which is not divisible by 3, therefore
2783 is not divisible by 3
“The last two digits of 4384 are 84, which is divisible by 4, therefore 4384 is divisible by 4,
“The last two digits of 6394 are 94, which is not divisible by 4, therefore 6394 is not
divisible by 4
“The last digit of 8240 is 0, therefore 8240 is divisible by 5.
‘The last digit of 3753 is 3, therefore 3753 is not divisible by 5,
‘The digits of 2898 add to 27 (2+8+9+8
even number, therefore 2898 is divisible by 6.
7), which is divisible by 3, and 2898 is an
“The digits of 7936 add (0 25 (7 +9 +346
7936 is not divisible by 6.
), which is not divisible by 3, therefore
“The digits of 3564 add to 18 (3+ 5+6 +4 = 18), therefore 3564 is divisible by 9.
‘The digits of $239 add to 19 (5 +2 +3+9= 19), therefore 5239 is not divisible by 9.
‘The last digit of 3780 is 0, therefore itis divisible by 10.
“The last digit of 9625 is 5, therefore itis not divisible by 10.
Copyright © 2000 by Crescent Baach Publishing No par ofthis publication maybe epn
rode witout writen perotston from the publisher Section 1.2 - Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple #11
Finding Prime Factors of Composite Numbers
Three methods for finding the prime factors of the number 72 will be shown,
ds Factor Tree
72 factors into 2x 2%2% 3X3,
‘Method 2: Dividing By Primes Until The Quotient Is A Prime Number
Start with the prime numbet
2 and repeatedly divide into each resulting dividend until itis no longer possible.
18 9
2736, 2/18
Once itis no longer possible to divide with 2 try the next prime number 3
The divisors are prime numbers and the quotient is prime, therefore 72 factors into 2 2 x
Method 3: Continuous Divisior
2|72 = 2 divides into 72. Since 36 is not prime, continue
2[36 ~ 2 divides into 36, Since 18 is not prime, continue
28 ‘+= 2 divides into 18, Since 9 is not prime, continue.
3|9
= 3 divides into 9, Since the quotient is prime, stop.
‘Therefore 72 factors into 2 x
Copyright ©2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing, Nop oF
ication may be reproduced with writtn persion From Te pablshcr ee
12 ¢ Chapter 1- Real Numbers
‘The prime factors of two or more composite numbers can be used to find their greatest common factor:
For example: 60
Since two 2's and a 3 are common to both, the greatest common factor of 60 and 72 is 22% 3 = 12
Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
The largest number that divides each of the given numbers exact
Finding the Greatest Common Factor
1. Find the prime factors of each number.
List each common factor the least number of times it appears in any one number.
3. Find the product of the factors.
Fin the GCF of 36,48, 60
P Solution: 36=2x2x3x3 =? x3
2x2x2x2x3 = 2x3
2xIx3x5 =P XIXS
“The common factors are 2 and 3,
‘The least number of 2's is
The least number of 3's is 3.
‘Therefore the GCF of 36,48, 60 is 2° x 3 = 12.
Find he GCF of 32, 40,60
> Solution: ey
x5
5
5 X35
‘The only common factor is 2. The least number of 2's is 2
‘Therefore the GCF of 32, 40, 60 is
Copyright © 2000 by Crescent Beach Pals. No part of tis publication maybe reproduced without writen permission from the publisher Section
reatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple ¢ 13
The prime factors of two oF more composite numbers can be used to find thei least common multiple,
For example: 60 = 2
The only unique prime factor is 5. The higl
est power of 2 is 2”. The highest power of 3 is
‘The least common multiple of 60 and 72 is 5x 2! x 3° = 360
Multiple
‘The product of a number by whole number
For example, the multiples of 7 are: 0, 7, 14,21, 28
Least Common Multiple (LCM)
The smallest common non-zero multiple of two or more whole numbers, or the smallest
number that is divisible by all the numbers,
Findi
the Least Common Multiple (Method 1)
|. Determine if the largest number is a multiple ofthe smaller number. If so, the larger number is the LOM,
2. Hf not, write multiples ofthe larger number until you find one that is a multiple of the smaller numbers
Find he LOM of 1 and 18
P Solution: 15 is not a multiple of 18
36 is nota multiple of 15
X18 = 54 isnota multiple of 15
4X18 = 72. isnot a multiple of 15
5x18 = 90 isamuhiple of 15, 6x15 = 90
Therefore the LCM of 15 and 18 is 90,
Coprrighr
2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing No part of isp
mission fom The publisher 14 ¢ Chapter 1 Real Numbers
Finding the Least Common Multiple (Method 2)
L._ Write each number as a product ofits prime factors
2. Select the primes that oceur the greatest numberof times in any one fa
3. The LCM is the product of these primes.
Find the LCM of 60 and 72,
> Solution: =2x3x5
2x3
‘The unique prime factors are 2, 3 and $
The highest power of 2 is 2
The highest power of 3 is 3
‘The highest power of 5 is 5.
‘Therefore the LCM of 60 and 72 is 2!» 3° 5 = 360,
Find the LCM of 35, 60 and 75,
P Solution: 35 = 5x7
60 = 2x2x3x5
75 =3x5x5
The unique prime factors are 2, 3, $ and 7
‘The highest power of 2is 2°
The highest power of 3 is 3
‘The highest power of 5 is 5
‘The highest power of 7 is 7.
‘Therefore the LOM of 35, 60 and 75 is 2° x 3x5°x7
Copyright ©2008 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of is publication may be ripovaced without writen permission rom the publisher
— Section 1.2 - Greatest Common Factor
id Least Common Multiple ¢ 15
Finding the Least Common Multiple (Method 3) (For use with 3 or more numbers)
1. Divide by a prime
not factor
factor that can divide two or more of your numbers. Bring down any number that does
2. Repeat, until no remaining numbers have any prime factors in common,
BEEN Find the LCM of 15, 18 and 24
> Solution: all three numbers are divisible by 3
6 and 8 are divisible by 2, bring down the 5
‘common prime factors
‘Therefore the LCM of 15, 18 and 24 is 32x 5x34 = 360)
, 30 and 36.
EEN Fins ne vemor2
> Solution: 30 and 36 are divisible by 2, bring down the 27
all three numbers are divisible by 3
6 and 9 are divisible by 3, bring down the 5
‘no remaining common prime factors
Therefore the LCM of 27, 30 and 36s 2x 3x 3x35 x
540
simply 182 using rimes
Solution: 140 = 2«
728 = 2x
srefore 140. = _ZXZX5x7__ 5
Therefore “og = ZxZx2x 7X13 "38
Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing No part of Ws publica Be reprced itn won perm
From te publisher 16 ¢ Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
1.2 Exercise Set
1, Without the use of a calculator, determine which of the Following numbers: 63, 126, 280, 396,
are divisible by:
2610, 7800
a2 by 3
o4 as
96 H 9
2 10
2. The number $30__ has a missing last digit. Determine the smallest digit so thatthe 4 digit number is
divisible by
a2 sue) =
o4 os ae
96 ee eo ee
» 10 oe
(Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part ofthis publication may Be raproaiced witout wien peroiaion From the pusher
| ee Section 1.2 - Greatest Co
mu Factor and Least Common Multiple ¢ 17
3. The number 3689__ has a missing last di
divisible by
bd
a4 oad
0 6 n°
4. By testing numbers, determine which of the following statements are true
A number is divisible by 8 ifthe last three digits are divisible by 8,
b) A number is divisible by 11 if, stat
‘and then subtract the sum of the remaining digits to s
anew value which is divisible by 11
from the first digit, you find the sum of
©) A number is divisible by 12 if itis divisible by both 3 and 4,
4) A number is divisible by 15 ifit is divisible by both 3 and
©) Anumberis divisible by 18 if itis divisible by both 2 and 9,
it, Determine the smallest digit so thatthe 5 digit number is
Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of ths publication may be repr
Z wiou writte permission rom the publisher. 18 # Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
5. List the first eight multiples.
a3 » 6
os rere eg e
Decide whether the number is prime or composit
Ifthe number is composite, factor it into primes.
a) 19 by 51
©) 87 @ 101
9.17 H 199
2) oll : hy 997
i) 629 ) ssi
‘Simplify using prime factorization
nee
[188
1348 4950
9 3310 ® 3715
Copyright ©2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing No part ofthis publication may be reprodeced wiht writen permission rom the publisher
| 8. Completely factor each of the numbers.
‘actor and Least Common Multiple ¢ 19
a) 36 by 78
os 4) 169
9 178 D 2s
9 1000 hy 6250
2031 D568
9. Find the greatest common factor
a) 12,28 by 54,66
©) 48,136 4) 65,169
©) 81,108 30,45, 60
fg) 12.27,82 Wy 28,42, 84
u i) 65. 165.231
‘ngrign ©2009 hy Cisco Bach PBs No par of is publicon my Be podace wld wien praion om We pablo ee
20 + Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
10, Find the least common multiple.
a) 5,10
©) 21.48
°
a) 12, 16,24
a 73
%)
m) 8,27, 125
11. Fill in the missing numbers.
»)
a
hy
24,56
20,
»
14, 84,98
Product | | 48 | 1s | 72 | 108 x | 9
Factor | 2 Z u
Factor | 3 ° 9
ome s | is | un | 22 | 31] 2] a3 | v2 | 20
Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No par ofthis publication maybe reproduced without writen permission rom the publisher ction 1.2 - Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple ¢ 21
12, Mercury, Venus and Earth revolve around the Sun
every 3, Zand 12 months respectively. Ifthe three
planets are currently Tined up, how many months
‘will pass before this happens again’?
14, Tom, Dick and Harry get half days off with pay
‘Tom gets a half day off with pay every eight days,
Dick every 10 days and Harry every 12 days. If
all three are off together on April I, what isthe
next date when all three will be off together again’?
16, ‘There is a unique way of finding the LCM of two
numbers. Take the product of both numbers, and
divide that product by the GCF. Find the LCM
‘of 18, 24 by this method,
18, The Fields Medal, the highest scientific award for
Mathematics, is awarded every 4 years. It was
awarded in 2010, The Birkhoff Prize for Applied
Mathematics is awarded every 3 years. It was
awarded in 2009, What are the first two times
‘both awards were given in the same year in the
13, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus revolve around
the Sun every 1, 12, 30, and 84 years respectively
the four planets currently Tine up, how many
years will pass before they would line up again?
15, ‘There are 6 players on a volleyball team, 9 players
‘on a baseball team, and II players on a soccer team.
What isthe smallest number of students ina schoo!
that can be split evenly into any of the three teams?
17. Find the LCM of 72, 108 by taking the product of
both numbers and dividing that product by the GCF.
19, What is the smallest whole number divisible by
every whole number from I to 10?
‘Copyrigha © 2009 by Crescom Beach Poblshing. No par of tis publica
Tay Be reprokaced witout writen permission fom the publisher 22 + Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
RUE eats
‘To square a number means to raise the number to the second power,
Forexample: 4° = 4x4
9 =9x9
Some numbers ean be written as the product of two identical factors.
Forexample: 25 = 5x5
64 =8x8
‘These identical factors are called the Square root of the number. The symbol ,/—
to indicate square roots. 25 = 5 and 64 = 8,
All numbers with square roots that are rational are called perfect squares
ALList of Perfect Square Whole Numbers
0,1,4,9, 16,
36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 191
5,286,290, 524,361 40,4, $84 529,575,028
FRIEZE, seine wich ar pete squares
4 :
ai wndorod
> Solution: a) Yes, because 77 = 49.
by Yés, because
6) No, because 7 cannot be written asthe product of two identical rational numbers.
4) No, because cannot be writen 8 the to of two Meal tonal nuns
Copyright ©2009 bs Crescent Beach Publishing, No part of tis publication may be repraced without writen perosson fom the publ
«
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«
«
«
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iy
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( Section 1.3 - Squares and Square Roots ¢ 23
Finding Square Roots Without a Calculator or Table
‘Method 1: Factor Tree
Example: Determining the square root of 196.
196 196
2x2 x VT
Note: For whole numbers vx" = xxx =x
Method 2: Continuous Division
Example: Determining the square root of 441
441 is not divisible by 2, but is divisible by 3 so:
3|441 = 3 divides imto-441. Since 147 isnot prime, continue
3[147 <3 divides into 147. Since 49 is not prime, continue
7|49 <7 divides into 49, Since 7s prime, stop.
Therefore V441
Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No part of is publication may be reproduced wih won p
sion fom the publisher n
24 4 Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
‘Cubes and Cube Roots
‘To cube a number means to raise the number 1o the third power, or to multiply the number by itself three times.
64
M3
For example: 4! = 44x
PeIxIx
‘Some numbers can be written as the product of three identical factors.
For example: 27 = 3% 3x3
125 = 5x5x5
‘These identical factors are called the eube root of the number. The symbol {/” (called a radical sign) is used
to indicate cube roots, V27 = 3, and 125
A List of Perfect Cube Whole Numbers
0,1, 8,27, 64, 125,
16, 343, 512, 729, 1000
Dateine wich re pet cubes
ns oi a2 ag
P Solution: a) Yes, because 2x 22
8,
by) Vex beomse 3ic}ic} = 27
4
©) No, because 25 cannot be written as the product of three identical integers.
dy No, because it cannot be written as the product of three identical rational numbers,
Note: In the expression Va, we call k the index, and assume >
is assumed tobe a sqiare root, A=
Ifthe index is not writen, the expression
because 222% 2x2= 32
Copyright ©2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing, No par of thi plication may be reproduced witout wren porns From We palsher ‘inding Cube Roots Without a Calculator or Table
Method I: Factor Tree
Example: Find the cube root of 216,
216
or an
eure
JN
Z y Z
i %
x
3
Therefore 216 xax3 XVIKIKS = 2x3
Note: For whole numbers, Vi" = VX
Method 2: Continuous Division
Example: Find the cube root of 7:
9 is not divisible by 2, but is divisible by 3 so:
— 3 divides into 729, Since 243 is not prime, continue.
= 3 divides into 243, Since 81 is not prime,
3[81 <3 divides into 81, Since 27 isa
ibe root number, stop.
Therefore V729 = V3%3x3x27
Section 1.3 - Squares and Square Roots ¢ 25
BB Sip 0 s000 by Cosco a Ping. No par fs pa
(i
may be reproduced witout wren p
nso Fm Te pulser 26 ¢ Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
1.3. Exercise Set
Find the square root ofthe perfect squares without a calculator:
ay v100 by) vaaT
© 225 a) 361
v2890000
8) 25000000 =V72900
i) —¥9610000 —— __ _- Yo.on0004
2. Find the cube root of the perfect cubes without a calculator
a V7 by 1000
) V3 oo ee
©) 3575, 6 ¥8000
g) ¥7125000000 hy ~
i) ~¥64000000000 i 0.000008
(Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing. No par of is publication may be reproduced without writen permission From The publisher TUFTS V ITT SII I IIT:
Section 1.3 - Squares and Square Roots + 27
3, Find the perfect square root, if it exists, without a calculator,
oe oo _—
» db Da
2 a rata 28 Chapter 1--Real Numbers
5, The area of.a baseball diamond is $100 fF.
8) How far is it from home plate to frst base?
1b) How far is it from Ist base to 3rd base?
7. The area of a rectangle with length twiee as long
as the width is 1250 m?, Determine the length
d width of the rectangle.
9. Arectangular solid has a length three times the
width and a height twice its width. Ifthe volume
of the rectangular solid is 384 in’, determine the
dimensions ofthe rectangular solid
6. Police use the formula § = 2V/5x to determine the
speed, S in miles per hour of a skid of length x ft
Determine the speed of a ear whose skid length is
a) 45h.
by 1808
8. Accube has.a volume of 216 em, Determine the
length of each side of the cube.
10, The volume of a sphere is given by the formula
V = 44rr', with rthe radius of the sphere.
Determine the radius ofa sphere with volume
972 = mm
(Copyright © 2009 by Crescent Beach Publishing No part of ths publicoton may be prod withow
en permision from the publisher
cmnaananananananhnananananananaananaan Section 1.4 Rational and Irrational Numbers ¢ 29
| 2 Rational and Irrational Numbers
fa real number is not rational, it must be irrational, All numbers with square roots that are rational must be
perfect squares, This is also true for cube roots
For example: 25 This isa rational number since 25 isa perfect square; ¥
Thi
isan irrational number since 25 is nota perfect cube.
Remember, a rational number is @ number that can be represented asa fraction. An irrational number is a
non-repeating, of non-terminating decimal value, Therefore, when writing a value for an irrational number, it
is just an approximation,
Irrational numbers do not have to be the m th root ofan integer. Here are some other examples of irrational
numbers:
e, 1.010010001... V3
Approximating Irrational Numbers
With the use ofa calculator, an approximation ofthe following values were obtained.
¥7=265 /7=837 — /700 F000
Notice that y7 and V'700 have the same numerals, bu different decimal point answer
700 = V7 x 100 = V7 x 10, The same is also true for V70. and 7000 = ¥
his is because
x00.
Without the use of a calculator, an approximation of an nth root can be found by determining where the value
lies on a number line,
Between what wo consecutive integers is V7?
> Solution: Let a and b be consecutive int b.
Therefore a? <7
