UNIT 2: HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

GETTING STARTED
1. green living /gri:n 'lɪvɪŋ/(n.phr): sống xanh
2. improve /ɪm'pru:v/(v): cải thiện
3. set up /set ʌp/ (phr.v): thành lập
4. clean up / kli:n ʌp /(phr.v): dọn dẹp
5. planned event / plænd ɪˈvɛnt /(n.phr): sự kiện đã được lên kế hoạch
6. carbon footprint /'kɑːbən 'fʊtprɪnt/ (n.phr): khí thải carbon
7. text /tekst/(v): nhắn tin
8. achieve /ə'tʃi:v/(v)(v): đạt được
9. raise /reɪz/ (v): nâng cao
10. adopt /ə;dɒpt/(v): áp dụng
LANGUAGE
11. plot /plɒt/(n): cốt truyện
12. playground /'pleɪɡraʊnd/ (n): sân chơi
13. household appliances /'haʊshəʊld ə'plaɪənsɪz/(n.phr): đồ dùng gia đình
14. eco-friendly / 'i:kəʊ-'frendli / (adj): thân thiện với mối trường
15. produce /prə'dju:s/(v): tạo ra
16. litter /'lɪtə(r)/(v): vứt rác
17. harm /hɑːm/(v): gây hại
18. device /dɪˈvaɪs/ (n): thiết bị
19. driving machine /'draɪvɪŋ mə'ʃi:n/(n): máy lái xe
20. attract /ə'trækt/ (v): gây được sự chú ý
21. reduce /ri'dju:s/(v): giảm
22. revise for / rɪˈvaɪz fɔː /(phr.v): ôn tập
23. make the decision /meɪk ðə dɪˈsɪʒən/(v.phr): đưa ra quyết định
READING
24. lifestyle /'laɪfstaɪl/ (n): l ối sống
25. sustainable /sə'steɪnəbl/(adj): bền vững
26. prevent /prɪˈvent/ (v): ngăn ngừa
27. natural and organic /'næʧrəl ænd ɔːˈgænɪk/(adj): tự nhiên và hữu cơ
28. chemical /'kemɪkl/ (n): chất độc hại
29. cut down / kʌt daʊn /(phr.v): cắt giảm
30. break down /breɪk daʊn/(phr.v): phân hủy
31. refillable /.ri:'fɪləbl/(adj): có thể đổ đầy
32. recycle /,ri:'saɪkl/(v): tái chế
33. raw material /rɔː mə'tɪərɪəl/(n.phr): nguyên liệu thô
34. throw away /θrəʊ ə'weɪ/(phr.v): vứt
35. compulsory /kəm'pʌlsəri/(adj): bắt buộc
36. electrical appliance /ɪˈlektrɪkl ə'plaɪəns/ (n.phr): thiết bị điện
SPEAKING
37. teenager /'ti:neɪdʒə(r)/ (n): thanh thiếu niên
38. dirty /'dɜːti/ (adj): bẩn thỉu
39. waste /weɪst/(v,n): gây, chất thải
40. shade /ʃeɪd/(n): bóng râm
LISTENING
1
41. announcement /ə'naʊnsmənt/(n): thông báo
42. pick up /pɪk ʌp/(phr.v): nhặt rác
43. take part in /teɪk pɑːt ɪn/(v.phr): tham gia
44. water /'wɔːtə(r)/ (v): tưới nước
WRITING
45. waste collection /weɪst kə'lɛkʃən/(n.phr): thu gom chất thải
46. suggestion /sə'dʒestʃən/ (n): đề xuất
47. safe for /seɪf fɔː/ (adj.phr): an toàn
48. action /'ækʃn/ (n): hành động
COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
49. climate change /'klaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ (n.phr): biến đổi khí hậu
50. collect information /kə'lɛkt ,ɪnfə'meɪʃən/ (v.phr): thu thập thông tin
51. emissions /ɪˈmɪʃənz/(n): phát thải
52. calculate /'kælkjuleɪt(v): tính toán
53. global temperatures /'gləʊbəl 'tɛmprɪʧəz/ (n.phr): nhiệt độ toàn cầu
54. heat /hi:t/(v): làm nóng
55. public transport /'pʌblɪk 'trænspɔːt/ (n.phr): phương tiện công cộng
56. impact /'ɪmpækt/ (n): sự tác động
LOOKING BACK
57. professor /prə'fesə(r)/(n): giáo sư
58. modern household /'mɒdən 'haʊshəʊld/ (n.phr): hộ gia đình hiện đại
59. driving test /'draɪvɪŋ test/ (n.phr): kiểm tra lái xe
60. congratulation /kən.ɡrætʃə'leɪʃn/(n): chúc mừng
61. be made of bi: meɪd ɒv/(v.phr): được làm bằng
62. wind energy /wɪnd 'ɛnəʤi/ (n.phr): năng lượng gió
PROJECT
63. make a plan /meɪk ə plæn/(v.phr): lập kế hoạch
GRAMMAR: WILL or BE GOING TO
+ Chúng ta dùng will để nói về:
- kế hoạch được xây dựng ở thời điểm nói.
- dự đoán dựa trên những gì chúng ta nghĩ hoặc chúng ta tin về tương lai.
- Cấu trúc: S + will + V-nguyên thể
+ Chúng ta dùng be going to để nói về:
- kế hoạch đã được xây dựng trước thời điểm nói.
- dự đoán dựa trên những gì chúng ta nhìn thấy hoặc dựa vào hiểu biết.
- Cấu trúc:
I + am + going to + V-nguyên thể
S (số ít) + is + going to + V-nguyên thể
S (số nhiều) + are + going to + V-nguyên thể
Complete the sentences with the correct form of will or be going to.
1. A: Oh no! I’ve left my money at home
B: Again? OK. I _________ pay for the dinner.
2. The weather forecast is good for the next few days. It_________ be warm and sunny.
3. I think the final match _________ be very exciting.
4. They’ve already decided on their next summer holiday. They _________do a tour of the country.
5. I hope you _________ visit me in my home one day.

2
6. I can’t come to the party tomorrow. I _________ study for my exams.
7. A: It’s very hot in here.
B: I _________turn on the air conditioner
8. I and my friends _________see a movie after class. Would you like to join us?
GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE
I. General rule:
Active: S + V + O

Passive: S + BE + V3/ ED + by O
Ex: - She usually takes my car.
→ My car is usually taken by her.
- He has sent his son to another school.
→ His son has been sent to another school.
II. Active  passive:
1 V1/s/es am / is / are + V3/ed
2 V2/ed was / were + V3/ed
3 am/ is / are + Ving am/ is /are + being + V3/ed
4 was / were + Ving was / were + being + V3/ed
5 has / have + V3/ed has / have + been + V3/ed
6 had +V3/ed had + been + V3/ed
7 will / would / can / could + V0 will / would / can / could + be + V3/ed
may / might / must / should may / might / must / should
8 be going to / have to + V0 be going to / have to + be + V3/ed
used to used to
Decide whether the following sentences belong to the active voice or passive voice.
9. I have never been to Paris. (active voice/ passive voice)
10. I have never been arrested. (active voice/ passive voice)
11. The tower was built in 1802 by a French Artist. (active voice/ passive voice)
12. Nothing happened. (active voice/ passive voice)
13. No one was injured by the fire. (active voice/ passive voice)
14. The award was given to the top student. (active voice/ passive voice)
15. We decided not to hire anyone. (active voice/ passive voice)
16. The pizza was delicious. (active voice/ passive voice)
17. The pizza was ordered. (active voice/ passive voice)
18. The pizza made me sick. (active voice/ passive voice)
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the passive voice
19. The words _______________________ by the teacher. (to explain - Present simple)
20. My car _______________________while I was gardening. (to steal - Past simple)
21. A new restaurant _______________________next week (to open - Future simple)
22. Our street ______________________because of snow. (to close - Present continuous)
23. A new house __________________by my parents next month. (to build - be going to)
Change the sentences into the passive voice by filling in the missing words.
24. People eat 40 million hamburgers every day.
=> 40 million hamburgers _________________ every day.
25. People speak English all over the world
=> English _________________ all over the world.

3
26. Where did they invent gun powder?
=> Where _________________ gun powder _________________ ?
27. The police didn’t find the missing girl last weekend.
=> The missing girl _________________ last weekend.
28. Tourists don’t visit this museum very often.
=> This museum _________________ very often.
29. Workers are building a new fun park in town.
=> A new fun park _________________ in town.
30. When did they translate this book into English?
=> When _________________ this book _________________ into English?
31. Women send thousands of emails to the star every month.
=> Thousands of emails _________________ to the star every month.
32. Daisy brought me some fresh grapes.
=> I _________________ some fresh grapes by Daisy.
33. Some dangerous looking men were following me the whole evening.
=> I _________________ the whole evening by some dangerous looking men.
Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.
34. Pollution affects the environment in many ways.
=>_______________________________________________________________________
35. The club's activities will raise people's awareness of environmental issues.
=>_______________________________________________________________________
36. The local people planted many more trees in the neighbourhood last week.
=>_______________________________________________________________________
37. The students are cleaning the school playground this morning.
=>_______________________________________________________________________
38. Americans use around 100 billion plastic bags each year.
=>_______________________________________________________________________
39. More and more people adopt a green lifestyle.
=>_______________________________________________________________________
40. We are going to pick up rubbish in the central park this weekend.
=>_______________________________________________________________________
41. The Youth Union will organise a campaign to protect the environment.
=>_______________________________________________________________________
Change the sentences into the active voice.
42. The children are helped by the policemen.
The policemen _______________________________________________________.
43. A letter is being typed by the manager.
The manager ________________________________________________________.
44. Sally’s little brother will be looked after by her.
Sally _______________________________________________________________.
45. Our window was broken by the robber.
The robber __________________________________________________________.
46. The car has been cleaned by us.
We _________________________________________________________________.
47. I was offered a bike for my birthday by my parents.
My parents __________________________________________________________.
Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.
4
48. I'm afraid you_________ for an interview.
A. didn't select B. haven't selected C. were not selected D. were not selecting
49. Her first novel_________ into English last year.
A. translated B. was translated C. was translating D. translate
50. Their suitcases are packed. They_________ to the southern part of the country for their holiday.
A. will travel B. travelled C. are going to travel D. was travelling
51. My brother_________ a set of toys for his 7th birthday.
A. was given B. gave C. was giving D. give
52. Are you thirsty? I _________you a glass of water.
A. will get B. am going to get C. have given D. gave
53. This book _________in the classroom yesterday.
A. was left B. was leaving C. leaves D. left
54. A documentary about the wildlife_________ on TV tonight.
A. show B. will show C. showed D. is going to be shown
55. She is buying some sugar and flour. She _________a cake this evening.
A. is going to make B. makes C. made D. has made
56. Listen! There's someone at the door. I ____ the door for you.
A. am going to open B. am opening C. open D. will open
57. “Look at those dark clouds!“ - “Yes, it ____ in some minutes.”
A. will rain B. is going to rain C. are going to rain D. is raining
58. It‘s very hot. ____ the window. please?
A. Are you opening B. Are you going to open
C. Will you open D. Won’t you open
59. Although I have taken some aspirin, the headache ________ away.
A. isn‘t going B. isn’t going to C. not go D. won’t go
60. On Sunday at 8 o‘clock I ____ my friend.
A. meet B. am going to meet C. will be meeting D. will meet
61. Wait! I ____ you to the station.
A. am driving B. drive C. is going to drive D. will drive
62. I ____ my sister in April as planned.
A. have seen B. will see C. am going to see D. see
63. Perhaps I ____ New York one day.
A. am visiting B. am going to visit C. visit D. will visit
64. What time ____ tomorrow?
A. are you going to leave B. do you leave
C. will you leave D. would you leave
65. Who ____ the next World Cup?
A. is going to win B. is wining C. will win D. win
66. He ____ to the theatre tonight. He has got a free ticket.
A. goes B. is going C. went D. will go
67. I ____ my parents at the weekend. I already bought a train ticket.
A. visit B. am going to visit C. visited D. will visit
68. Don‘t touch that dog. It ____ you.
A. bites B. is biting C. is going to bite D. will bite
69. It ____ that half of your plate should consist of vegetables and fruit.
A. is suggested B. is suggesting C. suggesting D. suggests
70. Stephen William Hawking ____ on 8 January, 1942 in Oxford, England.
5
 A. born B. has born C. is born D. was born
71. ____ by your father?
A. Did that book write B. Did that book written
C. Was that book writing D. Was that book written
72. The teacher ____ the student for lying.
A. was punished B. is punished C. punished D. has been punished
73. The injured ____ to the hospital in an ambulance.
A. have taken B. was taking C. were taken D. were taking
Complete the sentences with the verbs given in the correct form.
clean up set up recycle raise encourage adopt organise reduce
74. Doctors try to __________ awareness of the importance of adopting a green lifestyle.
75. We need to _____________ the amount of waste you throw out every day.
76. We can prevent some diseases by _____________ a healthier lifestyle.
77. Our club is going to have plans to _____________ the beaches.
78. We _____________ all our cans and bottles.
79. They will _____________ a workshop about the benefits of green living.
80. There is a lot of work involved in _____________ the campaign to recycle our waste.
81. That fine is not enough to _____________ people to stop littering in the streets.
Complete the sentences with the words given below.
poison pollutes destroy waste burn save reuse recycle
82. Using cars _____________ the atmosphere.
83. It’s wrong to _____________ trees. We need them.
84. People must _____________ the tigers in India.
85. We sometimes _____________ plastic cartons. We put small plants in them.
86. It’s important to _____________ more paper and glass.
87. Some families buy a lot of food and don’t eat them. They _____________ it.
88. Rubbish in the river can _____________ the fish.
89. It’s bad for the environment to _____________ plastic bags.
Complete the text with the words given below.
disposable eco-friendly green pollute toxic recycle
How eco-friendly is your town?
In our town, I don’t think we are very (90) _________ - we don’t think about the energy we
use or the things we throw away. It’s bad to use a lot of (91) _________ plastic bags and create
rubbish that isn’t biodegradable. I think people in my town need to (92)________ more paper and
plastic and use more (93)_________ energy, too. People often (94)_________ the air and rivers
with (95)_________ waste. This is very unhealthy for people and animals. We need air and water
that is clean and safe for everyone.

6
90. _________________ 92. _________________ 94. _________________
91. _________________ 93. _________________ 95. _________________

7
Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
96. Leave our electric appliances ____________ when they are not ____________ use is a bad
habit.
97. It takes many years ____________ plastic waste to break down ____________ small pieces.
98. Both students and local people take part ____________ the event to pick up rubbish
____________ the central market.
99. We should set ____________ more rubbish bins ____________ public places to keep the
environment clean and safe ____________ everyone.
Complete the following sentences with the words / phrases from the box.
organic energy adopt awareness
set up eco-friendly litter protect
100. More and more people _____________ a green lifestyle, which is good for themselves and
the environment.
101. _____________farming is better for the environment because it doesn't use harmful
chemicals.
102. The club hopes to raise public _____________ of the environmental issues.
103. Students are reminded not to drop _____________in the street.
104. Bamboo is considered to be one of the most _____________building materials.
105. A way to save _____________is to reduce the amount of electricity used at home.
106. Simple actions like putting rubbish in the bin can help to _____________the environment.
107. The club was _____________to encourage people to recycle more.
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
108. You can save a lot of energy by turning off unnecessary household (appliances / chores).
109. (Natural / Nature) resources are materials from the Earth used to support life and meet
people's needs.
110. More people turn to organic products because they do not contain harmful (chemicals /
chemistry).
111. The club members hope to (raise / rise) people's awareness of environmental protection.
112. There are many simple ways to reduce the negative impact of using plastic on
the (environment / environmental).
Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
113. A. set B. encourage C. enjoyable D. environment
114. A. clean B. green C. beautiful D. heat
115. A. yoga B. young C. yellow D. rhythm
116. A. item B. organic C. plastic D. interesting
117. A. plastic B. organic C. natural D. take
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
118. A. protection B. neighbourhood C. natural D. energy
119. A. polluted B. dangerous C. organic D. recycled
120. A. compulsory B. electrical C. situation D. environment
121. A. sustainable B. eco-friendly C. refillable D. activity
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
122. It _______ that half of your plate consists of vegetables and fruit.
A. suggests B. suggesting C. is suggested D. is suggesting
123. I _______ an interview for a scholarship tomorrow morning.
A. will have B. am going to have C. will be having D. will have had
8
124. Not brushing your teeth regularly _______ plaque build up on your teeth.
A. is going to let B. is going to allow C. will let D. will get
125. I _______ a good hot bath in ten minutes in order to take good care of my skin.
A. will have B. will have had C. will be having D. is going to have
126. Someone’s carbon _______ is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their
activities produce.
A. effect B. amount C. footprint D. energy
127. The more carbon footprint we can ______, the more we can protect the environment.
A. reduce B. increase C. cut D. achieve
Complete the conversations by circling the best answers. Then practise reading them.
128. Mai: "I want to reduce my carbon footprint. _________"
Lan: "You should change your daily habits. For example, you should take shorter showers to
save energy."
A. What should I do, Lan? B. How about the exam, Lan?
C. What do you have, Lan? D. How do I change my routine, Lan?
129. Nam: Can you give me some advice on how to reduce air pollution in the city?
Hoa: _________I would use public transport such as buses or trains. It's a very good way to
reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
A. If I liked you B. If I were you C. If I wished D. If I wanted
130. Tuan: Can you give me some advice about living green?
Minh: ___ use more organic food because it's good for your health and the environment.
A. I advise you to B. I want you t C. I tell you to D. I ask you to
131. Long: I'm looking for a book on endangered animals but I haven't found a good one.
_______
Hoa: How about searching it on our school library website? I hope you will find the one you
need there.
A. Can you show me the way to the library? B. Would you like to go to the bookshop?
C. Can you give me some advice? D. Would you like to try it on
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
132. Look at the dark clouds. I’m sure it will rain soon.
A B C D
133. Many accidents is caused by careless driving.
A B C D
134. She was gave a box full of chocolate.
A B C D
Read the text and choose the best answers.
The most obvious advantage of living green is that it helps reduce environmental pollution.
This is done by practising the 3Rs. The first R means choosing products very carefully to reduce
waste as much as possible. Reusing involves the repeated use of items. The third R is about
separating materials that can be recycled and later used for a new purpose.
There are also economic benefits to living green. Reducing the use of energy and water can
help save money on household bills. Furthermore, reusing products and materials is another way
to make saving. It helps save on production costs since creating new products wastes materials
and is expensive. Recycled products also last longer than new ones, making them a better and
more eco-friendly option.

9
 Lastly, going green offers health benefits. It reduces air pollutants by making the air we
breathe cleaner and healthier. This means fewer diseases and doctor's appointments. Another way
to improve your health is to purchase organic foods and green products for your household. They
don't use harmful chemicals that can lead to health issues. In turn, you are also supporting
responsible farming methods that protect the environment.
135. What is the main idea of the text?
A. The pros of a green lifestyle.
B. Difficulties in adopting a green lifestyle.
C. Trends in green living.
136. According to the text, how can we practise the 3Rs?
A. By reducing waste as much as possible
B. By reusing and recycling items
C. By doing both A and B above
137. Which of the following is NOT given in the text as a benefit of living green?
A. health benefit B. economic benefit C. community benefit
138. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.
A. creating new products B. reusing products C. making savings
139. The word 'purchase' in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_________.
A. exchange B. sell C. buy
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
140. This surprises me.
A. I am surprised by this. B. I was surprised by this.
C. I will be surprised by this. D. I would have been surprised by this.
141. They were interviewing her for the job.
A. She has been interviewed for the job. B. She was being interviewed for the job.
C. She was interviewed for the job. D. She was interviewing for the job.
142. They may forget the password.
A. The password may be forgot. B. The password may be forgotten.
C. The password may been forgot. D. The password may have been forgotten.
143. The students should have done the assignment.
A. The assignment should be done by the students.
B. The assignment should had been done by the students.
C. The assignment should have been did by the students.
D. The assignment should have been done by the students.
144. Everyone understands English.
A. English has been understood by everyone.
B. English is understood by everyone.
C. English was being understood by everyone.
D. English was understood by everyone.
145. The doctor told him not to talk during the meditation.
A. He has been told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation.
B. He was told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation.
C. He was being told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation.
D. He is told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation.

10
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
GREEN ENERGY
Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in
different forms. For example, coal may be burned in a power (146) ____ to generate electricity,
but gasoline is burned in a car's engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is considered
green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come
from a source that is inevitably going to (147) ____.
Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting.
When it is called (148) ____, this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that
was consumed by that person (149) ____ that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions
of years to create the fossil fuels that we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us.
Wind power and solar power, (150) ____ harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of
green energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar
panels to create solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left.
146. A. point B. outlet C. factory D. plant
147. A. run out of B. run out C. burn out D. cut out
148. A. durable B. sustainable C. harmful D. effective
149. A. along B. about C. within D. during
150. A. where B. when C. which D. what
Use the verbs in their correct forms and add some words where necessary to make
meaningful sentences.
151. Reduce / amount / air travel / way / reduce / carbon footprint.
________________________________________________________________________.
152. You / turn / appliances / when/ in use / save / energy
________________________________________________________________________.
153. Cut / plastic / products/reduce / plastic pollution.
________________________________________________________________________.
154. You / buy / organic / food / contain /harmful / chemicals
________________________________________________________________________.
155. Plant / trees / provide / shade / environment / beautiful.
________________________________________________________________________.
Talk about things you should do to make the environment better. You may use the suggested
ideas in the box. You can start the talk with the sentence below.
You can make the environment better by:
- reducing the amount of energy you use in the home
- using organic food
- avoiding products that are made from plastic
…
“There are several things I should do to make the environment better …”
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
11
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

12