© Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology

July 2024, Vol. 50, No.2, 52-58

Job Satisfaction Among Senior Secondary School Teachers

with Their Motivational Climate
Shallu Rani
Punjabi University, Patiala.

Manminder Kaur
BCM College of Education.
Teachers’ job satisfaction is qualitative in nature which mainly includes motivational
school environment, time period of service, personal and professional growth of teachers,
financial status of the teacher, teaching style, interesting and motivational (intrinsic
and extrinsic) relationship between teachers and students’ attitude towards in teaching
process. A motivational climate in the educational organization increases the performance
and productivity of the teachers. The present objective of this study is to understand a
study of job satisfaction among senior secondary school teachers in relation to their
motivational climate. In this study, the investigator used the Job Satisfaction Scale by
Singh and Sharma and the Motivational Climate Scale (MCS) by Dhar and Dhar. A
representative of 125 samples (male and female) of senior secondary school teachers
(Ludhiana). Finding of the study after analysis and interpretation of data, the investigator
conclude that, there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and motivational
climate among senior secondary school teachers.
Keywords: - Job satisfaction, Motivational climate, Senior secondary school teachers

Well-adjusted and satisfied teachers can dedication (loyalty) of the teaching

contribute a lot of wellbeing of his/her profession etc.
learners. A dissatisfied teacher can become Job satisfaction of the school teacher is
more irritate and m ake unhealthy main considered as an essential factor that
environment or tension that affect negative affect the improvement of education system.
influence on the learner performance and Satisfaction is a psychologically phenomenon
also affect their academic growth. According that highlight an individual is satisfied with
to Anderson (1998) an affective teacher is their job and also show their positive attitude
one who focus on the students learning towards work/job. Teaching with high level
progress and having favourable attitude jobs satisfaction perform well in their jobs.
towards his/her teaching profession. A good Similarly, teachers with low levels of
teacher not only show right path of their satisfaction not perform well in their jobs. So,
students but also prepare them as a good we can say that dissatisfied teacher has lack
human resource for further development of of concern about students learning
nation. It is also noted that effectiveness of performance that type of attitude also affect
the teaching is chief depends upon various educational quality of the education
variables like as motivation, job satisfaction, institution. According to Destefano (2002)
positive attitude towards teaching, and teachers job satisfaction play the significant
teaching aptitude qualities, knowledge, role development in the human resource
interest, to understand the responsibility and (students) and promote various perspectives
52 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, JULY 2024
as it may enable educational institution to educational organisation includes many
growth and principles to improve with factors like security, adequate salary,
retention rates. Teachers job satisfaction is monetary and non-monetary benefits,
the strongest factor that affect overall life participation, challenging work etc., and
satisfaction of the teachers. According to positive environment is very helpful for the
Eyopoglu and Sancer (2009) job satisfaction teachers to perform their responsibility in well
main impact on psychologically and physically manner. Teacher’s Job satisfaction and
wellbeing of the teachers. Teachers’ jobs motivational climate are major factors in
satisfaction refers to specific type of positive education organisation that improve the
feeling and attitude of the teaching in teacher’s performance/productivity and also
educational context. In other words, teachers increase the quality of learning.
job satisfaction is qualitative in nature which
The more we know about the relationship
main include motivational school
between job satisfaction and motivational
environment, time period of service, personal
climate the more we can do to ensure that
and professional growth of teachers, financial
senior secondary school teachers perform
status of the teacher, teaching style,
best in their teaching field from the review of
interesting and motivational (intrinsic and
related literature Bakotiæ (2015), Shoshani
extrinsic) relationship between teachers and
and Eldor (2016), Crisci A., et al., (2018),
students’ attitude towards in teaching
Zakariya, Bjørkestø and Nilsen (2020), Khan
process.
(2021), Ortan, Simut and Simut (2021), found
Motivational climate the success of any positive correlation between job satisfaction
educational organisation main depends upon and motivational climate. But studies like
motivation among teaching staff. Motivational Skaalvik and Skaalvik (2017), Kapa and
climate main influence of the teachers to Gimbert (2018), Rasheed et al. (2016),
wellbeing adjusted in their school climate and Appova and Arbaugh (2018), Hamid, Ahmed
dedication in performance of their and Rashid (2020) show contrary results
responsibility. A teacher job performance which states negative correlation between job
mainly depends upon the level of interaction satisfaction andmotivational climate. Given
between ability and motivation. the multitude of studies of job satisfaction,
an exhaustive account of motivation and job
Job performance = Ability * motivation
satisfaction theories would be impractical. As
Motivational climate gives the some studies shows positive relationship and
empowerment of the teachers that plays some studies shows negative relationship so
significant role in educational organisation. the investigator conduct the relationship
Motivation helps the teachers to teach their between job satisfaction and motivation
students according to their needs and climate. So, the proposed study seems to
demand of the society. Positive motivational justify as well as their limitations as seen from
climate creates the opportunity to understand a variety of points of view.
the behaviour of the teachers. Motivational
climate in the educational organisation Therefore, based upon literature review,
increases the performance and productivity this study adopts the following definition: To
of the teachers. According to Dhar and Dhar summarize, the literature indicates that job
(2001) motivation is never ending and satisfaction and motivational climate has a
complex in nature that affect individual potentially significant impact on teachers’
performance and efficiency in organisation. retention, performance and wellbeing,
The importance of motivational climate in physical and mental. Accordingly, educational

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, JULY 2024 53

authorities should understand what satisfies educational institution plays essential role to
teachers and how they can increase improve the quality of education which main
teachers’ job satisfaction and motivational include relationship between teacher and
climate in school that effect their students and also create link between
performance, which the present study teaching m otivation towards student
attempts to investigate among secondary performance and improvement of institution
school teachers. work (like decision making, policies). Effective
motivational climate in the organisation and
Operational definition
job satisfaction are measure and important
Job satisfaction Scale: According to Singh factor in contributing the quality education
and Sharma (1999) Job satisfaction is and also responsible to develop new strategy/
generally accepted psychological aspect of methods of teaching skills among teachers
functioning in any type of profession that because fully satisfied teachers feel more
affect individual satisfaction regarding to the motivated towards their teaching profession
favourable jobs/work with job related extrinsic that play the significant role in the growth and
and intrinsic factors. developm ent of the students learning
Motivational Climate Scale (MCS): process.
According to Dhar and Dhar (2001) Objectives
Motivational climate is an important factor
1. To study the job satisfaction among
which influences the behaviour of the
senior secondary school teachers.
teacher, educators and other school staff
work together effectively which main include 2. To study the motivational climate among
factors of namely concern for teachers, senior secondary school teachers.
optimum use of abilities/efficiency,
3. To find out the relationship between job
opportunity to comm and and proper
satisfaction and motivational climate
direction, stimulating work, cordial
among senior secondary school
interpersonal relations with teachers and
teachers.
students.
Hypotheses
Emergence of the study
1. There exists no significant difference in
The most relevance this study, job
mean score of job satisfaction among
satisfaction and motivational climate among
senior secondary school teachers.
senior secondary school teachers that play
the significant role in long-term growth of 2. There exists no significant difference in
educational system. Job satisfaction and mean score of motivational climates
motivation/dedication towards the work are among senior secondary school
intimately related to each other. In the teachers.
absence of the motivational climate teachers 3. There exists no significant relationship
will be never satisfied to their work/ between job satisfaction and
performance. An effective educational motivational climate among senior
organisation will make sure that there is a secondary school teachers.
spirit of cooperation, coordination, sense of
commitment and understanding among
teaching staff that create the healthy
environment and develop positive attitude
among teachers. Motivational climate in

54 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, JULY 2024

 Method Results
Sample Table 1. Mean, Median, Mode, and standard
In this study, an investigator took 125 deviation used for descriptive analysis.
samples of senior secondary school Variable Mean Median Mode S.D.
teachers (63 female and 62 male) of district
Job Satisfaction 74.92 75.96 78.04 17.73
Ludhiana district only near-by-government
school. Motivational Climate 99.24 98.93 98.33 13.28
Tools The variables of job satisfaction and
Motivational Climate among senior secondary
1. Job Satisfaction Scale by Singh and
school teachers’ distribution taken as normal.
Sharma (1999).
Null hypothesis 1
2. Motivational Climate Scale (MCS) by
Dhar and Dhar (2001). There is no significant difference in mean
Scores of job satisfaction among senior
secondary school teachers.

Table 1.2 Significant difference in mean Scores of job satisfaction among senior secondary
school teachers (62 male and 63 female).
Variable N Mean S. D Variance D t-test Level of Significant
Job Satisfaction Male 62 75.16 16.89 285.45 0.48 0.15 Non-Significant
Female 63 74.68 18.51 342.75

Table 1 revealed that the mean scores of of job satisfaction among senior secondary
job satisfaction among senior secondary school teachers stand accepted.
school teachers (62 males and 63 female)
As mean scores of job satisfaction male
as 75.16 and 74.68 respectively and their
are higher than female, it may be concluded
standard deviation as 16.89 and 18.51
that senior secondary school teachers ’s job
respectively. The t-test 0.15 with d f=123
satisfaction male is higher than female.
which is significant at 0.05 level of confidence.
This revealed that a no significant difference Null hypothesis 2
of mean scores of job satisfaction among There is no significant difference in mean
senior secondary school teachers. score of motivational climate among senior
Therefore, hypothesis 1, stating that there secondary school teachers.
is no significant difference in mean Scores
Table 2 Significant difference in mean Scores of motivational climate among senior secondary
school teachers (62 male and 63 female).
Variable N Mean S. D Variance D t-test Level of Significant
Motivational Climate M 62 99.35 13.15 172.92 0.23 0.095 Non-Significant
F 63 99.12 13.04 170.04
Table 2 revealed that the mean scores of motivational climate among senior secondary
school teachers (62 males and 63 female) as 99.35 and 99.12 respectively and their standard

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, JULY 2024 55

deviation as 13.15 and 13.04 respectively. climate among senior secondary school male
The t-test 0.095 with d f =123 which is teachers and also the table represent that
significant at 0.05 level of confidence. This correlation between job satisfaction and
revealed that a no significant difference of motivational climate among senior secondary
mean scores of motivational climate among school female teachers is 0.38 which is
senior secondary school teachers. significant at 0.05 level of significance. This
value shows that there is positive relation
Therefore, hypothesis 2, stating that there
between job satisfaction and motivational
is no significant difference in mean Scores
climate among senior secondary school
of m otivational climates among senior
female teachers.
secondary school teachers stand accepted.
Thus hypothesis H3 Which states that
As mean scores of motivational climate
“there is no significant relationship between
male are higher than female, it may be
job satisfaction and motivational climate
concluded that senior secondary school
among senior secondary school teachers
teachers ’s motivational climate male is
stands rejected.” The above result seems
higher than female.
justified because the review of related
Null hypothesis 3 literature literature Bakotiæ (2015), Shoshani
There is no significant relationship and Eldor (2016), Crisci A., et al., (2018),
between job satisfaction and motivational Zakariya, Bjørkestø and Nilsen (2020), Khan
climate among senior secondary school (2021), Ortan, Simut and Simut (2021),)
teachers. found positive correlation between job
satisfaction and motivational climate.
Table 3. Coefficient of Correlation ‘r’ between
job satisfaction and motivational climate Discussion
among senior secondary school teachers. In the descriptive analysis, the results
Variable N ‘r’ Level of Significant have been analysed and interpreted in the
light of mean, median, mode, standard
Job Satisfaction 125 0.40 Significant deviation.
and Motivational 62- male 0.92 Significant In the Inferential analysis or Correlational
climate 63- female 0.38 Significant analysis, the results have been analysed and
interpreted in the light of t-test and calculation
Table 3 reveals that correlation between of correlation coefficient ‘r’.
job satisfaction and motivational climate
among senior secondary school teachers is  There is no significant difference found
0.40 which is significant at 0.05 level of between mean Scores of job
significance. This value shows that there is satisfaction among senior secondary
positive significant relation between job school teachers.
satisfaction and motivational climate among  There is no significant difference found
senior secondary school teachers (male and between mean Scores of motivational
female). T his table also reveals that climates among senior secondary school
correlation between job satisfaction and teachers.
motivational climate among senior secondary
school male teachers is 0.92 which is  Coefficient of correlation ‘r’ between job
significant at 0.05 level of significance. This satisfaction and motivational climate
value shows that there is positive relation among senior secondary school
between job satisfaction and motivational teachers (m ale and female) show

56 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, JULY 2024

 positive and significant relationship at References
0.05 level. Appova, A., & Arbaugh, F. (2018). Teachers’
The finding of the study is the role of motivation to learn: implications for
motivational climate in school organisation supporting Professional growth.
Professional Development in Education,
has high impact of job satisfaction among
44(1), 57-65.
teaching staff. Both play the significant role
to enhance the teaching learning process Bakotiæ, D. (2015). Relationship: Between job
and also effect the positive change in the field satisfaction and organizational
of professional life of senior secondary performance. Economic research, 29(1),
118-130.
school teachers and their professional
growth/ identity. Motivational climate in the Crisci, A., Sepe, E., & Malafronte, P.
school organisation is like a key factor of (2018). What influences teachers ‘job
proper development of balance personality satisfaction and how to improve, develop
of school teachers. A teacher job satisfaction and reorganize the school activities
associated with them. Quality &
mainly related to their personal and
Quantity, 1-17.
professional values and their adjustment of
various circumstances in the educational DeStefano, J. (2002). Find, deploy, support, and
organisation. Motivational climate in keep the best teachers and school leaders.
Retrieved February 17, 2010, from http://
organisation provides the empowerment of
www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED473407.pdf.
the school teachers that play the significant
role in the formation of the positive attitude, Dhar, S. & Dhar, U. (2001). Manual of Motivational
values, and communication skills and also Climate Scale (MCS). National
impact the outcome of students learning. Psychological Corporation, Agra.
Eyupoglu, S. Z., & Saner, T. (2009). The
Suggestions for Further Research
relationship between job satisfaction and
The school background of teachers such academic rank: A study of academicians
as nature of school, type of management, in Northern Cyprus. Procedia – Social and
type of syllabus, three language formula of Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 686-691.
study and major subjects can be considered Forson, J.A., Dwamena, E.O., Opoku, R.A., &
for further study. This study can be conducted Adjavon, S.E., (2021). Employee
at national level and international level. motivation and job performance: a study
of basic school teachers in Ghana, Future
This study can be extended to a larger Business Journal, 30(7), 58-62.
sample size. The similar study can be tried
in a huge sample with various geographic Hamid, F., Ahmed, G., & Rashid, K. (2020).
Association of School Climate with
location, population and religion. This
Teacher’s Motivation and Self Esteem in
research can act as a foundation in the Division Gujranwala, Pakistan Social
planning of professional development Sciences Review, 4(2), 78-89.
programmes for school teachers, college
teachers and teacher educators; as Kapa, R., & Gimbert, B. (2018). Job satisfaction,
school rule enforcement, and teacher
professional identity is the first step of the
victimization: School Effectiveness and
professional development. It will improve their School Improvement, 29(1), 150-168.
self - image and motivate them further to
improve it. Khan, M.J. (2021). A Study of Job Satisfaction
and Its Effect on the Performance of
The current study may be expanded with Employees W orking in Private Sector
other suitably related variables Organizations, Peshawar., Educational

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, JULY 2024 57

 Research International, 2(1), Retrieved Social Psychology of Education, 21(5),
from https://doi.org/10.1155/ 2021/ 1251- 1275.
1751495.
Shoshani, A., & Eldor, L. (2016). The informal
Ortan ,F., Simut, C., & Simut, R. (2021). Self- learning of teachers: Learning climate, job
Efficacy, Job Satisfaction and Teacher satisfaction and teachers ‘and students
W ell-Being in the K-12 Educational ‘motivation and well-being. International
System, International Journal of Journal of Educational Research, 79, 52-
Environmental Research and Public 63.
Health, 18, 12763. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Singh, A. & Sharma, T.R. (1999). Manual for Job
ijerph182312763.
Satisfaction scale. National
Rasheed, M. I., Humayon, A. A., Awan, U., Psychological., Agra.
& Ahmed, A. u. (2016). Factors
Zakariya,Y. F., Bjørkestø, K., and Nilsen, H.K.
affecting teachers’ motivation. International
(2020). Teacher job satisfaction across 38
Journal of Educational Management, 30
countries and economies: An alignment
(1), 101-114.
optimization approach to a cross-cultural
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Job mean comparison, International Journal of
demands and job resources as predictors Educational Research, (101), https://
of teacher motivation and well-being: doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101573.

Shallu Rani, Research Scholar, Punjabi University, Patiala. [email protected]

Manminder Kaur, PhD, Associate Professor, BCM College of Education.
[email protected]

58 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, JULY 2024