VETERINARY NURSING MANUAL

PRACTICAL APPROACH

A CONSOLIDATED VETERINARY TRAINING MANUAL FOR ASPIRING

VETERINARY NURSE AND VETERINARY TECHNICIAN

ANIMAL RECOVERY VETERINARY CENTER PTE LTD

482 SERANGOON ROAD
SINGAPORE

PETSPACE
VETERINARY CLINICS

Compiled by:

Randy Manuel GALUTAN

DVM, MBA, FPSVSCA
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 REGISTRATION
CLIENT REGISTRATION
PATIENT REGISTRATION
FORMS
FRONT DESK PROTOCOL
RECEPTIONIST
DISCHARGE NURSE
SECTION 2 TERMINOLOGY
MEDICAL JARGONS
ABBREVIATION
SECTION 3 LABORATORY
LABORATORY TEST
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
LABORATORY FORMS
FILING & CHARGES
SECTION 4 ANIMAL HANDLING
HANDLING
RESTRAINING
PREPARING FOR PROCEDURE
SECTION 5 PHARMACY
PRESCRIPTION SUBSTANCE
OTC AND SUPLEMENTS
CONTROLLED DRUGS
SECTION 6 THE WARD
PATIENT MANAGEMENT
TREATMENTS
WARD MANAGEMENT
ISOLATION
QUARANTINE AND SUITS
PROTOCOL
SECTION 7 SURGERICAL NURSING
PATIENT EVALUATION
INSTRUMENTATIONS
SURGERY PACKS
PATIENT PREPARATION
ANAESTHETICS & ANAESTHESIA
CLEANING & STERILIZATION
SECTION 8 EMERGENCY
PREPARATION
TRIAGE
ABC
RESUSCITATION (CODE BLUE)
SECTION 9 XRAY
CHECK LIST
LIST OF TASK

Preface:

Always be polite and smile to client.

 SECTION 1

REGISTRATION

CLIENT REGISTRATION
All client have unique client numbers, it is automatically awarded once you register the
client in to the system (VetBuddy).

Be sure to get the following details:

1. SURNAME
2. FIRST NAME
3. ADDRESS
4. IC NUMBER
5. ATLEAST 2 CONTACT NUMBERS
6. EMAIL ADDRESS

*Always ask for the clients IC for verification.

PATIENT REGISTRATION
A client may have more than 1 patient, be sure to register each patient under the
correct client, the patient will have also a unique patient number once you have registered
it into the system.

Be sure to get the following details:

1. Name of Pet/s
2. Species
3. Breed
4. Date of Birth
5. Gender
6. (Sterilized/entire)
7. Colour
8. Microchip number
9. Known allergies (if any)
10. Medical condition (if any)
 Client Registration Form
PLEASE FILL UP THIS FORM LIGIBLY
WELCOME TO DOCTORS BECK & STONE!
How did you hear about us?
A friend recommended I am already a client of DrBnS(ARVRC) Internet/PetShop
I saw it in a magazine Referral from Vet Others:
_________________

OWNERS DETAILS
Title: Dr Mr Ms Mdm
First Name: Family Name:

NRIC:
Home Phone: Mobile Phone:
In case we cannot reach your mobile phone please provide 2nd Phone Number:
us second option of contact.
Email Address:
Address: Spouse Name:
Spouse Phone Number:

PATIENT DETAILS
Patient 1
NAME: BREED:
Species: DOG CAT BIRD REPTILE Others:
Gender: Male Neutered/Spay Yes No Color:
Female
Date of Birth: (dd/mm/yyyy) Age:
Microchip Number: Weight:

Patient 2
NAME: BREED:
Species: DOG CAT BIRD REPTILE Others:
Gender: Male Neutered/Spay Yes No Color:
Female
Date of Birth: (dd/mm/yyyy) Age:
Microchip Number: Weight:

THANK YOU, PLEASE RETURN THE FORM TO OUR FRONT DESK PERSONEL, THEY WILL GUIDE YOU WHAT TO DO NEXT.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. AFTERNOON
RECEPTION & DISCHARGE PROTOCOL i. Make sure all appointment cards are ready for
------------------------------------------------------------------------- afternoon consults (Make sure you organize
your timing with other recept if there are 2
1. OPENING FOR THE DAY recepts on duty or discharge nurse) You are
a) PLEASE BE ON TIME – required to answer phone calls at all times.
b) Please have breakfast before you start your ii. If it’s quiet during the afternoon, please put
shift! – Very important! ☺ back used consult cards or pull out the next
c) Be prepared to ANSWER PHONE CALLS the day’s consult cards. (You can do this in the
minute you step into the clinic. morning before opening the doors. Cooperate
a. When entering appointments or notes with your partner on which vet’s cards you
on the system, always remember to get are drawing out to prevent double job)
as much information as possible and iii. If not already done, please call the next day’s
include your name and date, for appointments, for Surgeries and Abdominal
reference. Ultrasound, remind them of fasting protocol,
d) Switch on Air-Con. drop off time and deposit amount. *See
e) Sign on computer. surgery reminder.
f) Switch on the lights at L1 reception, the counter iv. Check for Bioresonance appointments in the
lights, consult entrance corridor and cat waiting afternoon. If there are, receive them and
area (at 9:00am). Pull out the next day’s cards if inform Lucia.
you have the time
g) Check if there are any samples to be sent out. 3. THROUGHOUT THE DAY
h) Check if there are any GA forms to be written – i. When you receive calls requesting repeat
Surgery on that day. Top up name cards prescriptions, please do not handball the call
i) Open the doors @ around 9:00 am. If there are to the nurses to follow up with the vets. Get
clients already waiting outside, invite them in to the list of requested medications and book an
wait. Repeat Rx appointment under the Repeat Rx
j) GET READY for the morning mad rush! Approving Vet and Nurse Consult. Once the
k) Call the next day Surgeries, Ultrasound prescription is approved and noticed that it
procedure appointment to remind of fasting and has not been completed yet, inform the
drop off time. REMEMBER to key in notes like discharge nurse that the request has been
“reminded O of fasting and drop off time and approved and can be prepared. If discharge is
deposit (for surgery), initial & date” so that not too busy you may pass on the request for
others will know clients have already been them to handle. The same goes for counter
reminded. Calls preferably done in the morning sales i.e. supplements, shampoos, etc. that do
or afternoon. not require a prescription or vet approval. You
l) Check the food order list, inform clients if their can take the order over the phone and then
orders are in, Delivery schedule for RC is every pass on the request to discharge to be
Monday, Hills is every Friday completed (if the client is on their way down,
▪ Surgery reminders:(also see point 7) you may charge it up and print the labels and
i. Inform client of drop off time, fasting hours, pass to the discharge nurse).
blood tests, deposit and there is a GA form to ii. For clients who are visiting their pets in the
be signed. (if not sure, Check with the case hospital, always ask them to hold and take a
Vet) seat while you call the Hospital Nurse on duty.
ii. No food and water 12 hours prior surgeries Wait for confirmation from the hospital nurse
(Or you could just advise them no food and before sending clients up. Do gently remind
water after 12am). If not patient will risk clients of our hospital Visiting hours if they
vomiting during surgery and vomitus may go arrive outside visiting hours (some clients may
into the lungs (aspirate) and cause infection, have been given special permission, if so
or block the airway. please make a note of this at reception, for
iii. Check and see if a blood test is done. (Check your colleagues).
with the case Vet if pre-anesthetic blood test iii. For counter sales on a busy day, Please don’t
is required). forget to let discharge know there is a
iv. pending counter sale request so they can
prepare if for the client. When there are food/
 items ordered through the phone, please 4. CLOSING FOR THE NIGHT
record the items in VetBuddy. i. Lock the doors at closing time or when all the
a. If the client is coming on the same day, clients have left the clinic.
please charge up. Remember to input a) DISCHARGE NURSE: To settle, make sure
the medications dispensed (name of that credit cards, nets, and cash tally.
meds, mg, no. of tablets etc.) and any ▪ Make sure that both computers
other details. IMPORTANT: Please take and NETs machine are logged off.
note to post the visit under “Repeat Rx / ii. Finish pulling out consult cards for the
Counter Sale” or “Medicine / Food Pick following day. Categorize the consult cards
up” and NOT under “*CONSULTATION”. using the respective tags for
For meds, please remember to indicate vets/surgery/walk-
“Approved by Dr ______”. in/ultrasound/bioresonance. Also, ensure that
b. If there is no Repeat Rx/ Counter Sale or reminder calls are made for the next day’s
Medicine/Fod Pickup visit yet please surgeries and ultrasound appointments.
start a new visit on the VetBuddy so that iii. Make sure Procedure Consent forms for next
it will facilitate easy retrieval of the day’s Surgery(s) have been prepared.
clients details and items booked should iv. Switch off the lights and the air-cons.
your colleagues be the ones serving this v. Leave promptly when your shift is over.
client when he/ she comes to the clinic.
c. If the client is coming on another day, 5. ANSWERING PHONE CALLS - Phone calls from
please indicate “Medicine/Food Pick Up clients for appointment(s):
or Item Reservation”, medications (mg, i. Each vet has their own preference in specific
no. of tablets etc.). species. Please book in only what they
d. Please advise all clients that are coming specialized in. ASK if you are not sure!
for counter sale that our operation ii. When booking an appointment:
hours are only from 9:30am to 9:00pm a) You should be able to retrieve records from
on weekdays and 9:30am to 7pm on the system using the client’s contact
weekend and public holidays. We will number. If this fails, you may try using
keep the reservation for up to 7 days client’s surname + patient’s name or their
before we return it to stock. postal code to search on the VetBuddy .
e. If clients are ordering a large amount b) Go back to the appointment page to book
please remind them that we DO NOT appointment.
accept returns, so they need to be sure c) Choose ‘consultation’ type, and pick the
of their purchase. correct vet for the appointment.
iv. Answer the phone after at least two rings if d) Ask for presenting problem and enter it in
possible. Should you be engaged with clients ‘reason’. Then in notes, please add duration
in front of you, please answer the phone and of problem and any other relevant details.
take down the client’s contact, so that you e) For NEW CLIENT(s), Register/Add Client,
can call him/ her back when you are done start with keying in: NEW CLIENT, O’s name
with the clients in front of you. Make sure the and contact number, then patient’s
call is not an emergency. particulars (name, breed, age, gender,
v. Please note that all appointment times spayed or neutered), then the reason for
(except for surgeries or as advised by vets, visit. Please indicate if clients is coming in
head / surgery nurse etc.) for Dr Ly are for a ‘2nd opinion’ and request them to
20mins per appointment. For the other vets, bring in patient history if any. Please take
please book in 30mins for every appointment note that ONLY senior vets can do 2nd
regardless of nature. Also, for walk-in slots, Opinion consultations unless they
kindly ensure that you book in for 30mins per specifically requested for the vet. Please
patient otherwise we may be overbooked and check with client if their pet has been seen
you would not want a group of clients staring recently by another vet for the presenting
angrily and throwing invisible daggers at you! problem. If it has, please ask if the purpose
(Walk-in will be seen by whoever Vet is of the consult with us, is to seek a 2nd
available, unless the client is willing to wait for opinion and ask them to bring in all relevant
their preferred Vet to finish her appointments history, or get permission from them to get
first). Remind them that we only go by History from their current clinic.
appointment. f) Senior Veterinarians are: Dr Ly (JPL), Dr Dan
(DM) and Dr. Larry
g) For vaccination appointments, please ask practice, please take Owners and Pet name,
the owner if pet is EDDU (eating, drinking, Contact Number, Breed, Gender and Age of
defecating/poop, urinating) normally, which Patient, Please get the clinic to FAX/email
means no vomiting or diarrhoea, as patients relevant history and referral letter from
need to be in good health prior to any referring veterinarian, Inform them that the
vaccinations. Please also remind Owner to ultrasonographer WILL NOT proceed with
bring in their vaccination booklet if the ultrasound until referral letter has
vaccinated before. Likewise, if clients call been provided.
and request that they need us to do an 6. Other phone enquiries:
‘injection’ for their pet, please clarify what i. Client Queries for Vets
injection are they referring to; sub-cut ▪ Pull up the client’s record, check the last
(Fluid therapy), cartrophen injection, visit and with which vet attended to their
vincristine, anabolic injection or any other pet. Make a memo, write down the query
injections. and do not forget to choose which vet is
h) Please book another appointment slot(s) if the memo for before clicking Record. You
the same O is bringing more than one pet. If can also post this to the memo bulletin for
come across O(s) bring in more than one pet everyone to see and be aware of. For
for one appointment slot, please politelty enquiries for Dr.Ly Print the current history
suggest they make individual bookings for and write the quires and place it on his
EACH pet in the future. rack for his attention when he is free. DO
i) Educate client(s) that when booking them NOT forget to follow it up. Once you have
there is no “WALK-IN” slot, they need to fix received instructions from the vet, reply
an APPOINTMENT and if they insist to come the client. Please summarize what you
as a walk in, Priority will still go to our have conveyed to the client and input
proper APPOINTMENTS and EMERGENCY under “teleconversation” in VetBuddy.
cases. Advise minimum waiting hour by ii. Phone reservations for Items
situation, always at least/ estimated more ▪ Staff are only allowed to sell supplements,
than 1hr. food and shampoos (exclusing #1
j) Double/triple confirm the appointment Shampoos) etc. NO MEDICATIONS are to
date and time with clients before hanging be sold without a vet’s permission. Pull up
up. client’s records first, always check previous
k) Try not to over book appointment(s) histories for any indication of repeat
especially for JPL. Try to keep his prescription instructions. If in doubt
appointments on time especially for the always check and make note of the result
morning so that he will not be late for for future reference (it is strongly advised
surgeries. to create your own list for reference of
l) Priority for surgery slots are given to Dr Ly common items). Please fill in the item
when he is consulting. During these times, reservation slip and place the reserved
DO NOT book in surgeries for other vets items in the discharge drawer. For walk in
unless they instruct you to do so. counter sales, try to encourage clients to
m) Ultrasound appointments –If a new client is call in advance to reserve because we
requesting for an U/S, they will need a may not have all the items in stock or will
consultation with one of our vets first need approval for medication. We do not
(unless they have a referral letter from provide drive by or in-car service. Clients
another clinic). For Abdominal ultrasound, must come in to the clinic to pick up their
always advise clients that the patient needs orders before we close for the day.
to be fasted. iii. Phone calls for staff
n) DO NOT PROMISE clients anything if you ▪ Please ask for the caller’s name and the
are not on duty that day and/or you cannot company they work for.
fulfill their request. DO NOT leave your ▪ Then use the internal system to call the
COLLEAGUES in a difficult position!!! If you staff members’ location (ie Desiree is at
promise to give them a call back, please do extension 210). If you are unable to reach
give them a call back and always leave a the staff member at their extension,
note/teleconversation record on the please use the intercom/paging system
system. (internal line #30) to locate the staff
o) Booking appointment for ULTRASOUND member.
(REFERRAL) appointments from other
 ▪ When using the intercom, kindly ensure authorization from the owner to represent
that this is done in a professional manner, the owner on their behalf.
as your message will be heard by clients as 8. Hospitalization Admission
well. Example: “Hi ‘name’, there is a call i. Minimum deposit is $2000.00 otherwise
for you from Owner of _________, please indicated by Vet. (It may be just a day
answer Line 1/2/etc. Thank you” or “Hi hospitalization for certain patients, so less
‘name’, there is (Name of caller) from may be required)
(Caller’s company) is on Line 1/2/etc. ii. Please inform clients that unused portions
Thank you.” of the deposit will be refunded via cheque
▪ Speak CLEARLY. or online bank transfer. Refunds may take
▪ NEVER EVER give out any staffs’ mobile up to 10-14 working days to process.
number, even if a pet is dying. Always iii. Ask clients to read acknowledgement,
relay messages IF it is urgent. SIGN and pass on to discharge for
iv. Registering at the counter: collection of DEPOSIT. Make sure the
▪ New clients must fill in a New Client form person signing the form is the named
and provide their IC, EP or Passport no. person on the form and the legal
▪ Please verify their identity on their guardian/owner of the pet.
document and key in their IC,EP or iv. If someone is signing on behalf of the
Passport # into VetBuddy. owner, they must have written
▪ When registering new clients, please try to authorization from the owner to represent
do a Query search on their phone the owner on their behalf. Make sure the
numbers. There might be an existing person who signs the form is the same on
record in the system. the form.
▪ After registering new clients, you have to v. Please remember to ask clients if to
add in a new appointment entry at their indicate Resuscitate or DNR for their pet.
appointment time slot so that vets inside Explain to them that it is a formality and
the room can access to their records from requirement for all hospitalized patients
VetBuddy clipboard. even if they are not critical at time of
▪ New consult cards - Remember to fill up admission. You must make them aware
the C# & P# and to circle gender + status that there are charges for resuscitation
(with red ink if possible) . and thus we must seek prior permission.
▪ For WALK-IN(S), always clip the WALK-IN vi. Scan and upload all consent form onto the
time slip (with client registered time and patient record to VetBuddy
vet) to the patient card, especially when its 9. Discharging and Payment – DISCHARGE NURSES
busy. i. IMPORTANT!!
7. Procedure Admission ▪ Please check all dispensed items tally
i. Check with client if patient is healthy and with the items discharged and
fasted. charged. Labels stuck to the correct
ii. Page for Surgery Nurse to admit the items and the vet have signed/
patient. written initial on it.
iii. Explain the Procedure consent form to ▪ The discharge order by the vet in
client. Ensure they are aware of the consult must be cut, copied and
procedure. printed in Report Card column and
iv. Client must fill in contact details printed to be passed to the client so
themselves. This is to avoid incorrect that client can see the Vet’s
phone numbers (at least 2 numbers) being recommendations and take home
used. It is your responsibility! instructions.
v. Should there be any enquiries raised by ▪ For hospital cases, Hospital Nurse is
the client, please have the surgery nurses to check that all charges are in order
or vet speak to the Client. and he/she should print out the
vi. Ask client to read acknowledgement, SIGN transaction summary for the
and pass on to discharge for collection of hospitalization period together with
DEPOSIT. Make sure the person signing the the Report Card and pass it to the
form is the named person on the form and clients to go through before sending
the legal guardian/owner of the pet. them down to settle payment.
vii. If someone is signing on behalf of the
owner, they must have written
 ii. PAY ATTENTION!!! d. Check the float / till money - Discharge Nurse
▪ When taking payment, make sure Check and confirm the money and keys before
you update the day’s charges under signing the endorsement log.
visit and financial screen.
e. Log-in to VetBuddy.
▪ You should only collect payment
when the patient card is handed to f. Check yesterday's Nurse Consult appointments
you. (patient cards should only be if there is any repeat Rx unapproved or
handed over when consult is unprepared. If there is any, prepare the
COMPLETE!) or when the attending approved medications and call the client.
vet or nurse informed you and g. Check today's Nurse Consult appointments for
handed you the medications to be item collections and check if it has been
dispensed or when the cart has been
prepared. If the discharge nurse was unable to
ticked to GREEN.
▪ Make client aware of any credits or locate the items, check the record if there are
outstanding amounts before taking any notes, if none, check with the person who
payment. If there is any dispute, you book in the appointment for item collection.
must contact management (Randy or Prepare the item if unable to get the person.
Desiree). (No need to make noise, you will be the one to
▪ Remind the client(s) to read the entertain the owner/s when they come for
recommendations from the vet and
collection, if it’s unprepared you will get the
check the invoice and to double
check the breakdown of the bill. scolding not the culprit.)
▪ Make sure all follow up h. External Laboratory Samples
appointments are booked in for - Check if there’s any Laboratory samples
clients before they leave the clinic that needs to be sent to the external
(unless they want to call back and laboratories and arrange for sample
book themselves). Write it on the collection.
invoice for them if it is not printed. - Make sure that the Doctor signed the
▪ When keying in payments, please Laboratory request form. DO NOT
also key in the authorization number. SEND SAMPLES WITHOUT THE
For all credit cards, refer to the AUTH DOCTOR'S SIGNATURE. (It might get
NO on the receipt. For NETS, key in rejected by the Laboratory)
the Invoice number for the REF no in - Also ensure that all the required
the NETS machine. information is filled. Check with the
▪ Make sure you always keep the assisting nurse if unsure.
signature copy (Merchant copy) of - Make sure the one picking up the
the receipt. (Write down the client # sample will sign the External
/ Patient name on the signature copy Laboratory Record slip.
if you can’t keep up. This should help i. External Laboratory Reports
you identify which receipt is for which - Some will be received via Fax and some
client at the end of the day when you via email. Check company email for
have hundreds of credit card receipts reports, print 2 copies of the report
in hand and cannot tally.) Staple the (one for the owner, one for filing).
duplicate copy with the invoice for Attach the soft copy (downloaded from
the client. email or Scan the faxed copy) into the
▪ Record all consult payment and patient record. Pass the filing copy to
counter sales in day book. the Lab Tech for filing.
- Place the original report on the rack of
10. Discharge Protocol: the doctor in charge for them to call
a. After clocking-in the clients.
b. Log-on the NETS machine - every morning - Once the owners are informed, the
Discharge Nurse has to log-on the NETS Doctor will pass the report to the
machine. receptionist on duty to be mailed out
c. Hospital Night Nurse will pass the Float / Till to the client.
money and keys to the Scheduled Discharge
Nurse along with the endorsement log.
j. Discharging - Confirm payment - click Confirm
- From Client/Patient Queue check if the payment only when the payment has
cart has a green tick OR the doctor / been collected to avoid changing the
consult nurse will inform you that the payment mode (e.g. client initially
patient can be discharged. (NOTE: wanted to pay via credit card but the
Medications should be explained to the card was declined then decided to pay
owners during consult by the Vet. Label in cash).
printers are placed in each for the Vet - For VISA/MC payments - Ensure the
to be able to print the meds labels and client signs the receipt. THIS IS OUR
easier for the nurses to know what COPY OF THE RECEIPT. DO NOT ALLOW
meds are to be prepared.) THE CLIENTS TO KEEP IT.
- Preparing medications – Labels are - Receipt - Check with the owner if they
printed and medications are prepared wanted their receipt to be printed or
by the assisting nurse, the vet explains emailed to them.
the medications being dispensed to the - Feedback - ask client to write feedback
owners. Once the doctor has informed regarding their experience with the
you that the patient can be discharged clinic. After filling in the necessary
or the cart has been tick to green, details keep the form aside and pass to
check the carted items if it tallies with the staff in-charge of the Feedback
the prepared medications and has been forms.
checked by the vet (Vet signs/initial on - Payment Record - write the payment
the Label). You can help prepare the record in the daily payment record
medications but do not print the labels sheet.
to avoid double printing. k. Discharging Vaccination consultations
- Make sure that there are NO ITEMS - Apart from the instructions above, do
LEFT UNCARTED. If there are items left not forget to check the 'Reminders'
in active plan, call the consult Nurse / that would appear on their report cards
Doctor to inform them of the items in when printed.
the active plan for them to check if it's - To edit the reminder’s date, under the
supposed to be carted. patient tab, go to 'REMINDERS - EDIT'
- Expiration Date - Check all medications from there adjust the EXPIRY DATE to
and supplements that being dispensed that on the vial/sticker. Adjust the DUE
are not expired. DATE to the date of their next booster
- If there are any recommendations from vaccination. If its unedited, computer
the doctor, ensure you print the report generated reminders will appear in the
card for the client to read and keep. printed report card and email
- Explaining Medications to Client - After reminders will not tally with the
checking medications and charges, call recorded reminder on the patient's
client and explain all the medications to vaccination card.
be discharged (If was un explained by i. *these also apply to items
the Vet or Consult Nurse) and inform such as INTERCEPTOR;
the client of the total bill. BRAVECTO; REVOLUTION,
- Payment Collection - DO NOT INVOICE DRONTAL as well as
the carted items unless the owner is procedures such as DENTALS*
taking all the carted medications and l. Medications - when you see that the items in
supplements and ok to pay the total the Level 1 pharmacy is running low (do not wait
bill. Once 'invoice' is clicked, you can no till it’s totally finish), inform the Level 3
longer change/edit the charges. Pharmacy personnel to Top-up. (Usually in the
morning before the Consultation starts the main
 Pharmacy personnel refills the medications / left (e.g. review heart condition in 3 weeks). (Do
supplements in Level 1 Pharmacy). In case the not call before preparing just in case the item is
main Pharmacy personnel is not around you can not available ) Remember to ask them when
take items from the main pharmacy provided they would be coming down to collect and to
(IT'S A MUST!!!) you informed the said inform them of our 7-day reservation policy. Do
personnel of what you took and how many is not Forget to always leave a
left. note/teleconversation into the patient records.
m. LUNCH BREAK - one of the staff should take over q. Rejection / Not Approved - If a repeat
discharge. Endorse the takings and float to medication for approval is rejected by the
whoever is taking over. The one taking over Doctor, please call and inform the client
discharge MUST count the takings and float regarding the reason of the rejection and how
money together with the discharge nurse before they may proceed. (e.g. Bring their pet in for a
and after the break. DISCHARGE COUNTER IS consult instead if antibiotics were not
NEVER TO BE LEFT EMPTY FOR MORE THAN approved). Do not Forget to always leave a note
10MINS. of the teleconversation into the patient records
n. ORDERS – Medications and Supplements – r. Collection of medications - If the client will not
Discharge Nurse: when the ordered item arrives be coming the same day to pick up the
the discharge nurse prepares and should call medications/supplements, please bag their
(when available to call) the clients to inform order nicely and fill up the 'Item Reservation'
them that the item they ordered is ready for note to be pasted onto the bag. Place the bag
collection. Inform the client of the bill and that with the sticker into the appropriate drawer. If
we only keep reserved items for 7days. Food – you know when the client is coming, please also
Receptionist can inform the owner once food is book an appointment under Nurse Consult of
delivered and place an item reservation tag on the day of collection for the discharge nurse on
it, Discharge Nurse also can call clients to inform duty for that day to be aware of.
them that their pet’s food is now available. s. Settlement - Both NETS and CreditCard
Always leave a note on the system indication (wirecard) machine should be settled in the end
collection date and anything that was discussed of Discharge Nurse's shift. Total of cash, NETS,
during the phone call, do not forget to indicate Credit Card and Cheque takings should tally the
your name, the date and the time. total payments received in the system.
o. Repeat Rx - repeat Rx / top-up medications are t. Endorsement to Hospital Night Nurse - The
booked under Repeat Rx Doctor and Nurse Takings, Float and keys should be passed to the
Consult. Discharge Nurse always checks under Night Nurse along with the endorsement log.
Nurse Consult if there are repeat Rx that has The Night Nurse will check the settlement
been approved by the Doctor then prepare and (takings), Float and keys before signing the
call to inform the clients. For walk-in clients that endorsement log.
wants to purchase prescription meds, the
discharge nurse must get a doctor (any available NOTE: Receptionist & Discharge Nurse should always
smile and be polite to clients. When clients are upset,
doctor) to approve the requested medication.
apologize and try to help them solve their problem as
(Repeat Rx that is not booked under Nurse soon as possible. Be patient, calm, friendly and yet
Consult has the tendency to be overlooked by professional.
the discharge nurse).
p. Approval - Once medications have been Other Notes:
approved and charged by the doctor, prepare ▪ If you cannot handle a difficult client, please excuse
the medications and ask the approving Vet to yourself and ask management for assistance.
▪ Refunds – Cheque: Always double check Name to be
check the medication and initial on the label
written on cheque and address to be sent when
before calling the client to inform them that refund forms are to set up. Online Bank Transfer:
their request has been approved and prepared, Get the Bank name, Bank acct name and bank acct
as well as any other notes the doctor may have number. Key in VetBuddy what information is typed
 in the form and when it is submitted or scan the ▪ Please Upload all signed documents (euthanasia
request form and upload to the patient record. It forms, early discharge forms, etc).
would be ideal if you could get the clients to ▪ Send out any Death Certificates and Sympathy cards
countersign against the name and address area in when required.
the refund form should they be informing you ▪ Keep the reception area / your own corner CLEAN
personally over the counter. and NEAT!!! Throw / recycle any sheets of paper
▪ Cremation please get clients to call their own lying around.
preferred cremation service provider.
Please remember, when in doubt, ALWAYS ASK!

Registration using IC
The registration form needs to be filled up properly, ask for the IC of the client to verify the given
information. 2 contact numbers. This is to keep the communication with the client effectively.

Hospitalization and Consent form

This is a legal document agreement between the client and the practice. Ensure the client
understand, agreed and append the signature of the client.

Deposit & Top up

Client should be given an estimate of hospitalization and procedure, explained the regarding deposit
of the procedure. Top Up are required when the deposit is consumed.

Telecon & Update

Always call and update client with regards of the patient development and account balance. Encode
telecommunication with client.

Abandonment of pet/patient
In an event that a patient has been abandon by the owner, the practice need to immediately send a
registered mail to pet owner to demand that they need to claim their pet and settle clinic charges by
given specific date. Failure for doing so will make them liable for offence of pet abandonment. There
is enforcement by AVA against pet abandonment.
 SECTION 2:

TERMINOLOGY

MEDICAL JARGONS & ABBREVIATION

A - Medical abbreviations
a.c.: Before meals. H - Medical abbreviations
Ad lib: At liberty. (always) Hx: History
Anuric: Not producing urine. PE: physical examination.
Anti - Against Haematuria – Blood in urine
ARF: Acute renal (kidney) failure Haematochexia – Blood in diarrhea
Haematomesis – blood in vomitus
B - Medical abbreviations Haemorrhages - bleeding
BAR : Bright Alert Responsive
b.i.d.: Twice daily. As in taking a medicine twice I - Medical abbreviations
daily. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease. A name for two
BG: Blood Glucose, (sugar level in Blood) disorders of the gastrointestinal (BI) tract, Crohn’s
BP: Blood pressure. disease and ulcerative colitis
ICU: Intensive care unit. The patient was moved to
C - Medical abbreviations the intensive care unit.
C&S: Culture and sensitivity, performed to detect IM: Intramuscular. This is a typical notation when
infection. noting or ordering an injection (shot) given into
cap: Capsule. muscle, such as with B12 for pernicious anemia.
Cachexia : weakness and muscle wasting in vitro: In the laboratory
CBC: Complete blood count. in vivo: In the body
CDE: Complete dental (oral) evaluation. IVDD: Intravertebral Disk Disease
cc: Cubic centimeters. (ml) IU: International units.
Chem panel: Chemistry panel. blood test that
indicates the status of the liver, kidneys, and J - Medical abbreviations
electrolytes. JT: Joint.
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
K - Medical abbreviations
D - Medical abbreviations K: Potassium. An essential electrolyte frequently
DDX: Differential diagnosis. monitored regularly in intensive care.
DJD: Degenerative joint disease. Another term KCL: Potassium chloride.
for osteoarthritis. KIV: Keep in view
DM: Diabetes mellitus.
DNR: Do not resuscitate. This is a specific order not L - Medical abbreviations
to revive a patient artificially if they succumb to Lytes: Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, carbon
illness. If a patient is given a DNR order, they are dioxide, and chloride).
not resuscitated if they are near death and no
code blue is called. M - Medical abbreviations
mg: Milligrams.
E - Medical abbreviations ml: Milliliters.
ERG : Electroretinograph MVP: Mitral valve prolapse.
ECG: Electrocardiograph
N - Medical abbreviations
F - Medical abbreviations Na: Sodium. An essential electrolyte frequently
FX: Fracture. monitored regularly in intensive care.
npo: Nothing by mouth. For example, if a patient
G - Medical abbreviations was about to undergo a surgical operation
g: gram, a unit of weight. The cream is available in requiring general anesthesia, they may be required
both 30 and 60 gram tubes. to avoid food or beverage prior to the procedure.
GDV : Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus
O - Medical abbreviations SID: Once a day
O: owner SQ: Subcutaneous. This is a typical notation when
noting or ordering an injection (shot) given into
P - Medical abbreviations the fatty tissue under the skin, such as with insulin
P: Pulse. Pulse is recorded as part of the physical for diabetes mellitus.
examination. It is one of the "vital signs." STO: Stitch to Open
p.o.: By mouth. From the Latin terminology per os.
p.r.n.: As needed. T - Medical abbreviations
Pyrexia: Fever T: Temperature. Temperature is recorded as part
PU: Poly uria of the physical examination. It is one of the "vital
PD: Poly dypsia signs."
t.i.d.: Three times daily. As in taking a medicine
Q - Medical abbreviations three times daily.
QAR: Quiet Alert Responsive tab: Tablet
q.d.: Each day. As in taking a medicine daily. Tx: Treatment
q.i.d.: Four times daily. As in taking a medicine four
times daily. U - Medical abbreviations
q2h: Every 2 hours. As in taking a medicine every 2 UA or u/a: Urinalysis. A UA is a typical part of a
hours. comprehensive physical examination.
q3h: Every 3 hours. As in taking a medicine every 3 US or u/s : Ultrasound
hours. UTI: Urinary tract infection
qAM: Each morning. As in taking a medicine each
morning. V- Medical abbreviations
qod: Every other day. As in taking a medicine every V/S/C/D – Vomiting/Sneezing/Coughing/Diarrhea
other day. Vomiting – Emesis
qPM: Each evening. As in taking a medicine each
evening. W - Medical abbreviations
Wt: Weight. Body weight is often recorded as part
R - Medical abbreviations of the physical examination.
Rx: Prescription; Receipt WNL: Within normal values

S - Medical abbreviations X - Medical abbreviations

 SECTION 3

LABORATORY

The practice performs in-house laboratory test where includes Complete Blood Count, Blood
chemistry, rapid test kits and among other simple test. The Veterinarians are equip with knowledge
in microscopy, as veterinary nurse.

Blood Sample containers and tubes, it is important that you know what tubes is to be use
before collecting blood sample.

CBC – Complete Blood Count

PCV – Pack Cell Volume
TP – Total Protein
BUN – Blood Urea Nitrogen
CREA - Creatinine
ALB - Albumin
ALKP – Alkaline phosphatase
ALT – Alanine aminotransferase
AMLY – Amylase
AST – Aspartate transaminase
BA – Bile Acid
Ca – Calcium
Chol - Cholesterol
CK – Creatinine Kinase
GGT – Gamma-glutamyltranferase
LAC – Lactate
LOH – Lactate Dehydrogenase
GLU – Glucose
LIPA – Lipase
MG – Magnesium
NH3 – Ammonia
Phos – Phosphorus
TBIL – Total Bilirubin
TRIG – Triglycerides
URIC – Uric Acid
FRU – Fructosamine
UPC – Urine protein : Creatinine ratio
Pack Cell Volume
(Hematocrit)

PROCEDURE:
1. Whole blood Sample (EDTA/Heparin tube)
2. Capillary tubes with heparin are filled with
about ¾ with blood, sealed at one end
with wax/clay
3. Centrifuge in a capillary centrifuge for 5 mins
4. Reading by microhematocrit tube reading
device or by arithmetic graph paper
5. Attach / Record result accordingly.

Patient card is very important in running laboratory test. Always put appropriate labelling for easy
identifying blood sample in case it needed to run more test.

For CBC, EDTA blood tubes are ideal and for Blood chemistry panels Lit.Heparin is required.

iDexx Catalyst, Procyte, idexx snap test and Vetscan procedure. Please refer to each machine
function.

HEMATOLOGY RESULTS immune surveillance and regulation in an animal.

T-Cells attack foreign pathogens directly while B-
WBC – White Blood Cells are the body’s Cells produce antibodies.
fundamental fighting cells from day to day and in
times of diseases. There are many different types MON – The main role of Monocytes is to ‘eat up’
of white blood cells included in this count but foreign material, cellular debris or pathogens that
variations in this value often reflect a change in are not effectively dealt with by neutrophils.
number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). Hence, they are the main scavengers of the body
One of the most common causes of a variation in and are important in immune surveillance too.
WBC count is inflammation.
GRA – Granulocytes are made up of 3 different
Types of White Blood Cells types of cells produced in the bone marrow, the
majority of which are neutrophils.
LYM – Lymphocytes consist mainly of T-Cells or B-
Cells. They form the main cellular component of
RBCs – Red Blood Cells transport oxygen from the ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) – An enzyme found in
lungs to the tissues. Variation in size or number of the liver, bone, kidneys and intestines. Elevated
red blood cells can give an indication of a variety of levels may indicate bone or liver diseases.
diseases.
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) – This is a
HGB – Haemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying relatively specific enzyme where an increase
pigment formed by red blood cells in the bone indicates liver damage, intestinal diseases and
marrow. heart failure.

HCT – A Haematocrit or Packed Cell Volume (PCV) AMY (Amylase) – An enzyme primarily produced in
is the percentage of red blood cells in a unit of the pancreas where elevated levels are seen with
whole blood. pancreatic diseases.

MCV – Mean Cell Volume is the average volume of BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) – Urea is produced in
a red blood cell. the liver when protein is broken down, which is
subsequently excreted by the kidneys. Changes in
MCH – Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin is the BUN levels may indicate liver and/or kidney
average amount of haemoglobin in each red blood diseases.
cell.
BA (Bile Acid) – Used as a measure of liver function
MCHC – Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin by comparing blood taken before and after meals.
Concentration is the average concentration of
haemoglobin in each red blood cell. CA++ (Calcium) – An important electrolyte required
for various body functions. Abnormal levels can
RDWc – Red Cell Distribution Width count is a indicate a variety of diseases.
measure of the variation in size of red blood cells.
A mixture of small and large red blood cells may CHOL (Cholesterol) – Cholesterol is made in the
give a normal MCV but a high RDWc. liver and elevated levels can be associated with
blood samples taken too close to a meal or due to
PLT – Platelets are small flat discs in the blood that endocrine diseases.
adhere to collagen to form a plug, which stops
bleeding in the event of an injury. Low platelet CL- (Chloride) – Chloride, along with sodium, is
counts predispose the animal to uncontrolled important in keeping the normal levels of water in
bleeding. the body.

PCT – This value measures the percentage of tCO2 (Total Carbon Dioxide) – This represents the
platelets in a unit of whole blood. total amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the
blood.
MPV – The Mean Platelet Volume gives a rough
indication of platelet size hence the rate of platelet CRE (Creatinine) – This is an end product of muscle
production in response to demand. breakdown, which is excreted by the kidneys. It is
thought to be an indicator of kidney function and
PDWc – Platelet Distribution Width count diseases should be suspected with increased levels
measures the variation in platelet size. A mixture of creatinine.
of small and large platelets may give a normal MPV
but a high PDWc GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase) – GGT in
the blood is thought to be mainly from the liver
and increased levels may suggest a liver disorder.

GLOB (Globulin) – A large proportion of globulins

BIOCHEMISTRY RESULTS are synthesized in the liver. Increased blood
globulin levels may occur in inflammatory liver
ALB (Albumin) – A protein made in the liver where diseases.
decreases can be seen in liver or kidney diseases.
Increased levels are usually observed with GLU (Glucose) – Blood glucose levels depend on
dehydration. glucose production and utilization. Mildly elevated
readings can be seen in stressed or excitable dogs,
but prolonged increases in both blood and urine TBIL (Total Bilirubin) – Bilirubin is an end product
glucose levels can be attributed to diabetes. of the metabolism of red blood cells. Changes in
blood levels correspond to liver function.
K+ (Potassium) – Blood levels usually indicate
potassium available in circulation for normal TP (Total Protein) – Elevated readings usually
functions (Eg. Muscular and Nervous systems) indicate dehydration while decreased levels
represent excess loss, usage or reduced
Na+ (Sodium) – Sodium plays an important role in production due to disease.
the regulation of water in the body.
T4 (Thyroxine) – A hormone produced and
PHOS (Phosphorus) – Blood levels of phosphorus secreted by the thyroid gland that is measured to
are primarily controlled by kidney excretion and/or determine thyroid function.
retention.

TISSUE SAMPLE: is anything taken from the patient’s body.

STAINING GUIDE
Reminders:
- always use gloves as needed, note which side of slide the smear is on, ensure smear is fully
exposed to fixative/stain.

Blood smear/Impression Smear/Vaginal Smear

Step 1 : Air dry. NO NOT FLAME
Step 2 : Dip in Fixative – 60 sec
Step 3 : Dip in Stain 1 – 60 sec
Step 4 : Dip in Stain 2 – 60 sec
Step 5 : Rinse with distilled water to remove excess stain
Step 6 : Air Dry

Ear swab/stains
Step 1 : Air dry.
Step 2 : Heat fix directly (7 sec) underneath, wipe off soot and Dip in Fixative – 30 sec
Step 3 : Dip in Stain 1 – 30 sec
Step 4 : Dip in Stain 2 – 30 sec
Step 5 : Rinse with distilled water to remove excess stain.
Step 6 : Air Dry

Sticky Tape Test

Step 1 : Lift tape strip from one end
Step 2 : place 2 drops of stain 2
Step 3 : re place tape strip onto slide – over the stain drops
Step 4 : Blot out excess stain with paper towel
Blood Smear preparation
URINALYSIS
In-house urinalysis is available but limited only with urine multistix , sedimentation, specific
gravity and macro and micro morphology. Culture and sensitivity test from urine sample needed to
be place in sterile container and gel swap sample container.
Urinalysis can reveal diseases that have gone unnoticed because they do not produce
striking signs or symptoms. Examples include diabetes mellitus, various forms of glomerulonephritis,
and chronic urinary tract infections.

Urine sedimentation technique:

1. Collect urine and use sterile materials

2. Place equal amount in 2 plain tubes
3. Centrifuge for about 2-3,000 rpm) for 5-10 minutes
4. Discard supernatant
5. Collect sediment and place in separate slide
6. 1 slide for wet preparation for microscopic examination
7. 1 slide for air dry and did quick stain

NOTE:
All laboratory test are ordered by attending veterinarian, to be able to run and attached it to VetBuddy, it
needed to be charge and carte by the veterinarian.
 SECTION 4

ANIMAL HANDLING

If you cannot touch an animal patient, then you are in the wrong industry, Animal
handling is one of the fundamental of veterinary medicine.

ANIMAL HANDLING AND RESTRAINT

• Animal Handling Skills-Professionalism and Safety
• The public watches us to learn how to properly handle animals.
• Being professional means being SAFE and HUMANE.
• Good animal handling skills prevent staff from being injured.
• Good animal handling skills reduce stress for the animal.

Examples of Safe Animal Handling:

• Be aware of the special stressors for animals in the clinic setting.
• Never put your face directly into the face of a dog or cat.
• Do not move in behind or crowd around a dog.
• Concentrate on the animal you are handling without being distracted by other
activities.
• NEVER sit on the floor while handling/examining a dog. If the animal becomes
aggressive or aroused you will be unable to move away or protect yourself and risk
serious facial bites.
• Always be prepared to protect yourself or move away quickly in the event an animal
becomes aggressive unexpectedly.
Safe and effective animal handling requires a thorough understanding of the normal
behavior and responses of each species. Below is some general information on animal
behavior and handling techniques. There is no substitute, however, for careful observation
and experience.

If there is any doubt about the temperament of an animal-ASK FOR ASSISTANCE. There
are no extra points for being a 'hero'. The safety of our staff and patients is most
important!

Communication
Any animal exhibiting potentially aggressive behavior should have a kennel sign (CAUTION)
posted to alert others who may be handling the animal. Specific alerts or recommendations
should be written on the sign and in the medical record to provide staff and other
volunteers with as much information as possible when handling the animal.
Restraint or Control
The first rule to keep in mind when handling any kind of animal is that the least restraint is
often the best restraint. This does not mean that you give up your control, just that you use
as little restraint as necessary while maintaining control of the situation. Every animal and
every situation is different so there are no hard and fast rules as to what method works best
in which situation. Before attempting to restrain an animal you should take a moment to
allow the animal to become comfortable with you:
• Crouch down so that you are on their level. Do not sit on the ground as you will be
unable to move away or protect yourself if necessary.
• Avoid direct eye contact but maintain safe visual contact with the animal Talk in
soothing tones. Avoid high-pitched, excited talk.
• Try patting your leg or the ground, motioning the animal towards you.
TYPES OF RESTRAINT
VERBAL RESTRAINT:
Many dogs know some commands or can at least recognize authority, even if the command
is unfamiliar. Commands such as SIT, STAY, COME, DOWN, NO or even HEEL may be useful
tools to encourage a dog to cooperate. Also, soft quiet words can calm a frightened animal.
Yelling or screaming should never be used as it can cause the animal to become more fearful
or aggressive.

PHYSICAL RESTRAINT: TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Leash: The most common tool used to handle animals in the clinic is the leash. Placed
around a dog's neck it normally controls even the largest dog. In the event a dog refuses to
cooperate with a leash – carry him. Some dogs have never seen a leash and will freeze up to
the sensation around a sensitive area like the neck. Leashes can be abused; never drag or
strangle an animal with a leash; if the animal starts to struggle, pulling and jerking away
from you, she is probably not leash trained. Pause and let the dog calm down and try again
after reassuring her. Sometimes a quick tug on the leash will encourage a fearful dog to
walk. If the dog refuses to walk, apply a muzzle (if necessary) and carry her.
When handling cats, a leash should be used as a back-up in the event the cat should become
frightened and resist restraint. Make a figure-eight harness by looping the free end of a slip
lead back through the metal ring. The looser loop is placed around the chest behind the
cat’s front legs and the other loop placed around the neck with the metal ring/handle on
top between the shoulders. This will prevent the cat from escaping or injuring someone
should she get loose from your restraint. The harness should be put on at intake and can be
left on the cat throughout their stay.
EVERY animal being transported or handled in the clinic must ALWAYS wear a slip-lead.
This includes puppies, cats and sedated animals. It is too easy for a frightened animal to get
loose and escape. Animals presented on leash/collar should be transferred to a slip lead and
the leash returned to the client so that it is not lost during the animal’s stay.
Your hand: A very effective form of restraint, your hands are sensitive to the amount of
pressure that is being exerted on the animal and can be quickly modified to the situation.
Hands can be used to gently stroke a dog or to firmly grasp a struggling cat. Although hands
can be the most versatile, they are also the most vulnerable to injury. Recognizing when
they would not be effective is very important.
Towels: A towel or blanket is a very useful tool for cats and small dogs. A towel can be used
to decrease an animal’s arousal by covering the head and body and can help protect from
sharp claws.
Come-a-long or control pole: The control pole is used to safely handle extremely aggressive
dogs. Used appropriately it is an effective tool. Inappropriate or unskilled use can cause
serious injury to the animal. The control pole may further distress an upset animal and
should only be used when the handler or other's safety is genuinely threatened. Volunteers
are NOT to use the control pole unassisted. If an animal is aggressive enough to warrant the
use of a control pole an experienced staff member should be consulted for assistance as the
animal will also be evaluated for chemical restraint options.
Nets: The net is the primary tool used to handle fractious cats or wildlife. It allows for the
safe handling and transfer of even the most aggressive small mammal. Effective use of the
net requires some training and practice. If you need to handle a feral or fractious cat ask for
assistance from a staff member.
Muzzles: Muzzles are used when a snappy or potentially aggressive dog must be handled.
There are nylon muzzles and plastic basket available. A leash or strip of rolled gauze can be
used as a temporary muzzle. Because dogs often try to remove a muzzle, it is important that
the muzzle be placed securely. A weak or poorly made muzzle may lead to a false sense of
security and the possibility of being bitten. Even with a securely placed muzzle, appropriate
handling must be used to prevent injury from an animal who resists. 3 Muzzles designed for
cats extend up to cover the eyes, reducing visual stimulation. For some cats these can be
very useful for calming the animal and helping to protect the handler from injury,
Drugs: For animals who are too aggressive or stressed to handle safely for procedures,
sedation and/or general anesthesia may be necessary to allow treatment. If you are unable
to handle an animal, notify a staff member to determine whether sedation is appropriate.
When receiving an animal for surgery who exhibits difficult or aggressive behavior consult
the Anesthesia Lead prior to kenneling the animal as we may opt to administer a pre-
anesthetic sedative immediately and expedite the surgery process to minimize the animal’s
time in the clinic.

Credo: Never Let Go.

The place where correct use of restraint is the most critical is when two people are handling
the animal. This could be to perform a physical exam, administer anesthetic or to give
medications. The "holder" is the person whose job it is to restrain the animal in such a way
that the procedure can be accomplished with the least amount of stress to both handlers
and animal. The specific amount of restraint used to control the animal is the key to safety
for the handlers and comfort for the animal. Too much restraint can cause the animal to
fight back, too little restraint can result in the handler or others being injured or in the
animal escaping.
 SECTION 5

PHARMACY

The practice is a registered veterinary center, all medication are to be dispense only by duly
registered veterinarian. Veterinary nurses and technician are not allowed to to dispense any
medication to client or patient without the instructions of the attending veterinarian. The welfare of
the patient is responsibility of the attending veterinarian.

LABEL
Medications are labelled accordingly:
1. Name of Practice
2. Information of Patient
3. Information of Client
4. Name and strength of Medication
5. Dosage, Quantity and instructions of
Medication
6. Name of Veterinarian
7. Date

Prescription

Prescription is a legal letter of the Doctor to

a chemist or pharmacist. In case medication is not
available in the practice, prescriptions are issued by
attending veterinarian.
If a client requested for a prescription, and
medication to be purchase is available in the
practice, a prescription fee is applied.

NO MEDICATION CAN BE DISPENSED WITHOUT

INSTRUCTIONS FROM VETERINARIAN.

Only supplements can be dispensed over the

counter.
 SECTION 6
HOSPITAL & WARD

Ensure clients pay up additional/top-

up/outstanding amount on top of Hospital
DAYSHIFT HOSPITAL DUTY Deposit.
PROTOCOL
ADMITTING PATIENT IN HOSPITAL
DOG WARD/ CAT WARD
ISOLATION WARD / RECOVERY SUITE In admitting patient. Prepare for patient
hospital clipboard.
8:00am Clock in For Vet Buddy:
Hand over of Cases from Night Shift Hospital 1. Open new visit – click REASON
Duty, Treatment Plan for hospital cases FOR VISIT
clarified and updated 2. Choose – ADMISSION
Change water for Air Freshener HOSPITALIZATION
Check PATIENTS CLIPBOARD, and VETBUDDY 3. Click and Save and choose NEW
Check PATIENTS IV catheter (patent) and 4. Click SOAP/Medical Note
Fluids. 5. Under Subjective:
GENERAL NOTES
Update attending veterinarian/on duty DAYSHIFT/
veterinarian on the condition of their
respective patient; Treatment plans for the FOOD/WATER INTAKE
hospitalized patient are updated in the DAYSHIFT/
Clipboard, and VetBuddy
EXCREMENT
Hospitalization or Medical Boarding DAYSHIFT/
Code Status:
Patient Condition/Diagnosis: OTHERS
Ward: DAYSHIFT/

FLUIDS: 6. Under Plan

Hospitalization
TPN*:
Code Status:
INJECTIONS:
Patient Condition/Diagnosis:
ORALS: Ward:
DIET:
TOPICALS: FLUIDS:
BLOOD TEST/WorkUps: TPN:
INJECTIONS:
OTHER treatments: ORALS:
SURGERY/US/XRAY DIET:
Appetite/Vomiting/Urination/Defeca TOPICALS:
tion/Seizure BLOOD TEST/WorkUps:
Heart rate/ Respiratory Rate/ Rectal
Temperature/ Capillary Refill Time/ Mucus OTHER treatments:
Membrane and others.

Ensure of the following:

Carry out treatment plan shift/duty and 1. Vet in charge
update the attending Veterinarian as often as 2. Treatment plan of the patient
3. Condition
there is to be updated.
4. Hospitalization Form/Code
 5. Hospital Deposit
8:00pm Clock in
Basic Charges Hand Over of Cases from Day Shift Hospital
1. Hospitalization nursing care (incl. Duty
consumables, disposables, iv fluid Treatment Plan for hospital cases clarified
treatment) Check PATIENTS CLIPBOARD, WHITEBOARD
2. Extensive – 4 meds and above and VETPORT
3. Critical Care – If patient is critical Check PATIENTS IV catheter and Fluids
4. Suite – Recovery suite top up AFTER HOURS VETERINARIAN/ON-CALL
5. Blood pressure, Xray, Oxygen etc VETERINARIAN
6. Medical Boarding charge for non-
IV fluid patient
Plans for the hospital patient are synchronized
a. Regular – small cage. Upper
cage with Clipboard, White Board and Vetport
b. Medium – bellow cage Code Status
c. Large – suite room Patient Condition
7. Injections as used Ward:
a. Per ML FLUIDS:
b. Per Amp TPN:
INJECTIONS:
ORALS:
PATIENT DISCHARGE DIET:
Make sure of the following: TOPICALS:
1. Discharge Plan of the Veterinarian BLOOD TEST:
with recommendation OTHER treatments:
2. Explain all medications and Review SURGERY/US/XRAY
date Appetite/Vomiting/Urination/Defecati
3. Settlement of outstanding bills on
4. Clean Cages, clear discharge patient Heart rate/ Respiratory Rate/ Rectal
stuff and Fluid/Injection Pumps Place Temperature/ Capillary Refill Time/ Mucus
back to cupboard Membrane and other mentations.

Carry out treatment plan, duty and update

DAYSHIFT notes and charges updated in
the Vet as often as there is to be updated.
PATIENTS CLIPBOARD and VETBUDDY
Prepare for Hand over Cases to Night Shift on
Stand-By for after hours, treatment, feeding,
Duty
and monitoring to be done for hospital cases
CLOSE ALL DOORS. LOG OFF FROM VETBUDDY
To Help in Autoclaving Surgical Instruments as
CHECK S2/S8 DRUGS
needed.
Clock out
Re-fill/Top-up all hospital and medical supply
HOSPITAL VISITING HOURS
for all the Wards.
5-7:30PM strictly (otherwise advised and
• Fluids
approved by Management)
• Fluid Lines
COVID RESTRICTION
• Needles
• Syringes
• IV catheters
• Underpads
NIGHT SHIFT HOSPITAL DUTY • Injectables
PROTOCOL • Alcohol swab/Gauze/Cotton balls
• Lube
DOG WARD/ CAT WARD/ ISOLATION WARD / • Table cleaner
RECOVERY SUITE
 • Auraclens HOSPITAL VISITING HOURS
• Hydrogen Peroxide 5-8PM strictly (otherwise advised and
• Gloves approved by Management)

Prepare as needed:
Heparin Saline
Table Cleaner RULE OF THUMB
Chlorhexidine Solution • Be Punctual always
Auraclens • Time management on Hospital
Diluted Bleach patients treatments
Alcohol swab • Know your Priority – Your Hospital
Crash Carts Patient comes first
• Inform management and vet of any
PATIENT ADMITANCE: Hospital concerns (spoilt hospital
Make sure of the following: property)
• Vet in charge or the On Call Vet • Clean your working area all the time.
• Familiarize their Handphone Numbers • DO NOT PUT ANYTHING ABOVE
• Plan of the patient and notes THE CAGES (except Fluids)
• Condition • Update Vet and Owner(if you are not
• Hospitalization Form/Code sure let the Vet know)
• Hospital Deposit • Bright and pleasant working Area
ALWAYS.
Basic Charges • Charge as per USE of any supply
• Hospitalization (Make a new Record • Dispose immediately all used
at 12midnight) disposables
• Consultation Fee base on the time • Label all Medication that are opened
patient seen by the Vet with Date and your initials
• Hospital Disposables and other used • Fluid bottle must have LABEL ALL
disposables THE TIME.
• IV Catheter Fluid additives
• Fluid Pump/Syringe Pump Name of Patient and Date
• Medications (As Per Plan) You’re Initial

PATIENT DISCHARGE
Make sure of the following:
• Instruction of the Veterinarian with
recommendation
• Explain all medications and Review
date
• Settlement of outstanding bills
• Clean Cages, clear discharge patients
stuff and Fluid/Injection Pumps Place
back to cupboard

NIGHTSHIFT notes and charges updated in

PATIENTS CLIPBOARD, WHITEBOARD and
VETPORT.
Prepare for Hand over Cases to Day Shift on
Duty
LOG OFF FROM VETPORT
.
 SECTION 7
SURGERICAL NURSING

BASIC SURGERY TRAINING

CATHETER PLACEMENT

EQUIPMENT TO PREPARE:
- Cut elastoplast tape
- 22GA catheter (blue) for dogs
- 20GA catheter (yellow) small cats/puppies
- yellow bung or T-port
- heparin saline to flush
- 1ml syringe and blood pot/tube if needed

DENTAL PREPARATION

EQUIPMENT TO PREPARE:
- Dental Pack
- Dental Scaling tip
- Refill dental scaling bottle with distilled water from the water dispenser and
pressurise
- Set up the dental table with cushion and under pads
- Get a small amount of dental paste onto a tongue depressor and leave on the
side of the dental table for easy access and then the pot is not contaminated
mid surgery with dental bacteria
- Turn on the burr and polishing machine make sure there is a white polishing
cup on the polish ready
- Have out: - framaxin eye ointment + solcoseryl dental paste
- pile of gauze
- auraclens
- PDLA (Periodontal Ligament Anaesthesia)
- 30 GA dental needle and Surgicaine vial

AURAL HAEMATOMA

WHAT TO PREPARE:
- IV catheter, sedation and pain relief (depending what the vet
wants)
- Sterile consult pack
- LA syringe, 30 GA dental needle and surgicaine vial
- 4-0 PDS
- 15 GA blade
- Sterile gloves, hand towels and gauze
- Section of blood tubing cut into half to make the stent, soaked
in a small kidney dish with alcohol/chlorhexidine mix
- neat adrenaline 0.05ml + gentam 100 0.05ml in an insulin
syringe (will be injected into the pocket before sedation is
given)
- clippers and surgical scrub
- cotton ball to pack the ear so no fluids go into the ear canal
 - small underpad with hole cut in the middle to put the ear through

STITCH UP
WHAT TO PREPARE:
- IV catheter and sedation/induction/local anaesthetic if needed
- stitch pack
- sterile gloves and sterile hand towels
- suture material and scalpel blade
- dilute adrenaline for flushing the wound during surgery
- Clippers and scrub containers
- warm saline, kidney dish, 20ml syringes if wound lavage is needed

PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES

WHAT TO PREPARE:
- IV catheters – 20GA and 22GA, in emergency cases some dogs and cats are in shock so their
blood pressure can be very low causing the veins in their limbs to collapse making it a lot
harder to catheterise so a smaller catheter is needed to place
- 1ml syringe and blood tubes for blood tests if the need to be run
- Set up anaesthetic machine for flow-by
oxygen
- fluid therapy set up
- If you know the rough size of the patient
prepare ET tubes
- Neat and dilute adrenaline, atropine and
dopram
- Diazepam (pamlin) for seizures
- Dopamine – for hypotension, low cardiac
output and renal failure
- Bring down the anaesthetic monitoring
machine
- Thermometer and Petmap (Blood pressure
monitor)
- Ambubags
+36ANAESTHETIC AND S8 DRUGS

MEDETOMIDINE + ATIPAMEZOLE
- Commonly known as domitor and antisedan
- Medetomidine is used as a sedative and does have a slight analgesic affect also
- Atipamezole is the reversal drug for medetomidine which can be given SC, IM or IV
- Needs to be recorded in the S8 drug book

KETAMINE
- Dissociative anaesthetic agent
- Provides good cardiovascular stability due to the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system
- Generally used as a sedation/induction agent in cats
- Needs to be recorded in the S8 drug book

DIAZEPAM
- Benzodiazepine family
- Decreases anxiety and relaxes the muscles, does not produce sedative
effect so needs to be used in a combination.
- Known as Valium or Pamlin
- Used with ketamine as a sedation/induction agent in cats
- Used for seizing patients via IV or rectum
- Needs to be recorded in the S8 drug book

METHADONE
- Analgesic agent
- Used for pain management for surgeries such as ovariohysterectomies.
- Lasts for 3-4 hours
- Needs to be recorded in the S8 drug book

BUTORPHANOL
- Opioid/ Analgesic agent
- Also known as torbugesic
- Used as a pain relief for minor procedures such as dental extractions
and minor lumpectomies
- Pain relief up to 4 hours
- Needs to be recorded in the S8 drug book

BUPRENORPHINE
- Analgesic
- Also known as temgesic
- Lasts up to 6 hrs
- Needs to be recorded in the S8 drug book

PROPOFOL
- Induction of anaesthetic and maintenance also
- Given at intermittent boluses or CRI (constant rate infusion)
- Does not need to be recorded in the S8 drug book
ALFAXALONE
- Anaesthetic induction agent
- Used in sedated dogs that we need to keep anaesthetised without having to intubate and
maintain on gaseous anaesthetic
- Given IV slowly and to effect
- Needs to be recorded in the S8 drug book

GASEOUS ANAESTHETIC

ISOFLURANE:
- Most commonly used inhalation anaesthetic
- It is common for patients to hold their breaths during induction due to
the intense odour
- Generally maintained on 2% - 2.5% for most surgeries, but it all
depends on the patient and also the induction used

SEVOFLURANE:
- Less commonly used
- Used for more critical cases as the recovery from sevoflurane is
faster than isoflurane
- But because it is not as potent as isoflurane the maintenance % is
much higher around 4% - 4.5%.
- Sevoflurane is also a lot more expensive then isoflurane
ANAESTHETIC MACHINE PREPARATION FOR SURGERY

NON – REBREATHING CIRCUIT

- Patients less then 7kg
- High fresh 02flush
- C02 Scavenged
- 100ml-300ml/kg/min 02
- 500ml – 3L oxygen/min flow
- Air is cold and drying

REBREATHING CIRCUIT
- Patients more the 7kg
- Exhaled gas to flow through the sodalime to remove CO2
- 20 - 40ml/kg/min
- Generally, keep the flow at 1-2L O2 per minute
- Air is warm and humidified

RESERVOIR BAG
To calculate the size of the breathing bag needed multiply the patient’s tidal volume (10-15ml/kg) by
6.

0.5-1L Patients ≤ 7kg 3L Patients > 20 – 34kg

2L Patients > 7 – 20kg
 SURGICAL PACKS

SMALL PACK (BLUE) STITCH PACK (BROWN)

- SCALPEL HANDLE #3 + #4
- BACKHAUS TOWEL CLAMPS X 4 - SCALPEL HANDLE #3 + #4
- NEEDLE HOLDER X 1 - BACKHAUS TOWEL CLAMPS X 4
- SPAY HOOK X 1 - NEEDLE HOLDER X 1
- ANGIOTRIBE FORCEP X 1 - ALLIS TISSUE FORCEPS X 2
- ALLIS TISSUE FORCEPS X 2 - STRAIGHT CRILE X 2
- STRAIGHT + CURVED CARMALTS X - CURVED CRILE X 2
2 - METZENBAUM SCISSORS X 1
- STRAIGHT + CURVED CRILES X 4 - MAYO SCISSORS X 1
- STRAIGHT+ CURVED MOSQUITOES - SUTURE SCISSORS X 1
X4 - RAT-TOOTH FORCEP X 1
- METZENBAUM SCISSORS X 1 - PLAIN THUMB FORCEPS X 1
- MAYO SCISSORS X 1 - ADSON-BROWN FORCEPS X 1
- SUTURE SCISSORS X 1 - SMALL FENESTRATED DRAPE X 1
- RAT-TOOTH FORCEP X 1 - LEAD GAUZE X 10
- PLAIN THUMB FORCEPS X 1
- ADSON-BROWN FORCEPS X 1
- SMALL FENESTRATED DRAPE X 1
- LEAD GAUZE X 10

MEDIUM PACK (RED) LARGE PACK (GREEN)

- SCALPEL HANDLE #3 + #4 - SCALPEL HANDLE #3 + #4

- BACKHAUS TOWEL CLAMPS X 1 - BACKHAUS TOWEL CLAMPS X 1
- NEEDLE HOLDER X 1 - NEEDLE HOLDER X 1
- SPAY HOOK X 1 - LARGE SPAY HOOK X 1
- ANGIOTRIBE FORCEP X 1 - LARGE ANGIOTRIBE FORCEP X 1
- ALLIS TISSUE FORCEPS X 2 - ALLIS TISSUE FORCEPS X 2
- STRAIGHT + CURVED CARMALTS X - STRAIGHT + CURVED CARMALTS
2 X2
- STRAIGHT + CURVED CRILES X 4 - STRAIGHT + CURVED CRILES X 4
- STRAIGHT+ CURVED MOSQUITOES - STRAIGHT+ CURVED
X4 MOSQUITOES X 4
- METZENBAUM SCISSORS X 1 - METZENBAUM SCISSORS X 1
- MAYO SCISSORS X 1 - MAYO SCISSORS X 1
- SUTURE SCISSORS X 1 - SUTURE SCISSORS X 1
- RAT-TOOTH FORCEP X 1 - RAT-TOOTH FORCEP X 1
- PLAIN THUMB FORCEPS X 1 - PLAIN THUMB FORCEPS X 1
- ADSON-BROWN FORCEPS X 1 - ADSON-BROWN FORCEPS X 1
- MEDIUM FENESTRATED DRAPE X 1 - LARGE FENESTRATED DRAPE X 1
- LEAD GAUZE X 10 - LEAD GAUZE X 10
 SECTION 8
EMERGENCY

A: AIRWAY – Is there a patent airway? Is the oral cavity/throat clear of obstructions? Is

there an immediate need for a temporary tracheostomy? Is there a need for intubation?

B: BREATHING – Is the patient breathing? What is the character of the patient’s

respirations? Is it effectively breathing? Is there need for supplemental oxygen? Can you
hear breath sounds or is there a need for thoracocentesis? What is the animals posture
(head and neck extended, abducted elbows)? Is subcutaneous emphysema present? What is
the color of the mucous membranes? Has a bite wound disrupted the larynx or trachea? Is
there evidence of thoracic penetration? Upper vs lower airway stridor? Airway/Breathing:
Patency of airway and adequacy of ventilation can be assessed by visualization, palpation
and auscultation. Clinical signs that may indicate respiratory distress include absent chest
wall motion, exaggerated ventilator effort, flaring of the nares, open mouth breathing, head
and neck extension, and paradoxical breathing.

C: CIRCULATION – Is there a heart beat? What is the heart rate and rhythm? Can you
feel an effective femoral or other distal arterial pulse? Is the patient in shock? Is there
evidence of hemorrhage, a major arterial bleed, or a hemoabdomen? Are the MM pale? Is
the CRT prolonged? Is there swelling associated with an extremity fracture? Are the
extremities cool? Is there an immediate need for CPR? What is the patient’s blood pressure?
The patient’s circulation is assessed by visualization, palpation and auscultation. Assessment
of mucous membrane (MM) color is essential. White or pale MM typically indicate blood
loss anemia or vasoconstriction while injected MM are a result of vasodilation and are
common with sepsis or hyperthermia. It is also imperative to assess the capillary refill time
(CRT). A prolonged CRT can be a result of blood loss and peripheral vasoconstriction.
Another important assessment of circulation is direct cardiac auscultation while palpating a
distal arterial pulse. A distal arterial pulse should normally feel full, regular and strong. Pulse
quality is an indicator of stroke volume. Remember that cardiac output (CO) =HR x SV. In
patients with significant volume loss or shock pulses are often described as “weak and
thready”. Direct cardiac auscultation will reveal information about the rate and rhythm.
Pulse deficits are suggestive of arrhythmias. Clinical signs that are suggestive of a decreased
cardiac output are tachycardia, pale or grey MM, prolonged CRT, poor pulse quality, cool
extremities and decreased urine production. Decreased CO may be due to hypovolemia,
intrinsic heart failure, cardiac tamponade, arrhythmias or severe vasodilation secondary to
sepsis.
 SECTION 9
XRAY
PASSWORD: 218225

Turn on xray machine and CPU in the morning and switch off at night, this will allow system update
of the xray.
Ensure Battery (plate) is recharged and connected.

TO TAKE XRAY
Manual key in patient details
Choose patient (Dog/Cat) and Parts to be taken – Thorax, Abdomen and others
Choose patient size.
Always wear lead protective apron, thyroid guard, gloves if needed
Gently position patient on xray beam. It is important that you know the parts of xray
Sedate patient as needed (vets discretion)
Label properly. For lateral view, Head always towards your left, crop image as needed

After taking Xray

Click End Study
Click tool icon on the upper right side of the screen
Click choose HARD DRIVE USB to copy image to USB
Click SEND EXAM, wait until the tool icon to stop blinking
Safely remove USB and upload to VetBuddy using Dicom application to convert image to
jpeg.
Always put back USB to the xray CPU after use.

Converting dicom image to jpeg using dicom app.

Charge as per normal for xray taken (1st view + Additional view as needed)

One time free demonstration, approach any senior nurse available.

 Electroretinography (ERG) The electroretinogram (ERG)

Electroretinography (ERG) The electroretinogram (ERG) is a diagnostic test that measures

the electrical activity generated by neural and non-neuronal cells in the retina in response to
a light stimulus. The electrical response is a result of a retinal potential generated by light-
induced changes in the flux of transretinal ions, primarily sodium and potassium.

Set Up the machine.

connect to computer.
switch on the machine. – It’s important that the machine is plugged in and connected to the
computer with the power on before starting up the ERG program, if it is not done in this
order the program and machine will not sync.
Make sure every item is in order.
Prepare for alcaine and eye lube (Acrivet eye gel), alcohol swabs for the placement of the
needles.

Open RETIsystem Application Menu, click program selector.

Click ERG + 5/10dB-LED then click new patient

Fill up new patient, Save, click OK.

Click Examine:
.

Click Impedance : Electrical impedance, the ratio of the voltage phasor to the electric
current phasor, a measure of the opposition to time-varying electric current in an electric
circuit. High impedance, when only a small amount of current is allowed through.
Using the cables without the needles attached, they must be checked to make sure the
connections are working. There is a red cable that is used just for testing before switching
over to the cable that has the eye probe.
- Touch the tip of the black and red cable together hold for a few seconds the numbers
should change under the Active Electrode (+) and be should be GREEN.
- Touch the tip of the black and blue cable together hold for a few seconds the numbers
should change under the Reference Electrode (-) and should be GREEN.
*RED: NOT CONNECTED
*GREEN: CONNECTED

STARTING THE ERG TESTING

- Change the red test cable to the red cable with the
probe that connects to the light source
- Attach the needles to the black and blue cables

Make sure correct connection of cable pin in to the patient –

follow the illustration provided.
During the placement of the blue and black cables along with
the red probe have the impedance screen open to make sure
that there is a connection between the probes (numbers will
turn GREEN).
Apply a good amount of Hycare to the red eye probe, try to
avoid having bubbles in the lube as it can affect the results.
After both the electrode indications are GREEN you can stop
and close the impedance screen and start the testing.
Check Examination Steps:
Start with the Right eye examination.

R for the Right eye test

L for the Left eye test

Make sure you have selected the correct side before running the testing.
Click Start, (to start the ERG test reading)
Click Next Step after attaining the desired Average (Avgs) reading (10/10)

2 steps per eye.

Transfer the Blue cable pin to the lateral Left eye
Click Start, (to start the ERG test reading)
Click Next Step after attaining the desired Average (Avgs) reading

NOTE: Watch as the number counts up to 10 on the Avgs, there may be artefacts, which
then the Avgs number stops increasing but the atrif. Number will. Sometimes it will only be
one or two and then it will continue, but if it continues too long you must stop, and adjust
the probe and cables to make sure there is the correct connection open up the impedance
again and make sure that both indications are GREEN.

Black Pin: To the top of the head

Blue Pin: to the Lateral side on the eye
Red eye cap: Apply onto the eye with Hycare

After ERG Reading; Click ANALYSIS to the left upper corner of the screen
SAVE examination
Print out – Print to file - Save to ERG Result (automatic) there is no need to change the name
of the file
Print 2 copies of the results (edit results in Paint) – Ask Naomi how it is done.
Attach the results to the Patients file
Charge accordingly
 Assessment Assessment Assessment

Date: Date: Date:

NAME

Self
Trained assessment
Complete

TASK Date trained Do you need

provided/ more Competen
TRAINING signature training?

Level 1
1.0 Pet Welfare Pet Monitoring
Vital Signs
Walk
Disconnecting fluid line
Connecting fluid line
Operating fluid machine
Placing Ecollars
Feeding patient
Prescription diets
Hospital Chart
Cat restraining
Blood collection
Placing IV catheter
Xray
Giving medication
Dog Restraining
Blood collection
Placing IV catheter
Xray
Giving medication
Consult Room Top Up
Treatment Room Top Up
Catheter
1.1 placement set-
up
Preparing for IV Catheter placement

Identifying Catheter to Use

 Bandage and IV Plug to Use
Heparin Saline
1.2 Cleaning cages
Protocol in cleaning normal cage
on suspected dss/case

1.3
Cleaning
equipment
disinfecting instruments
washing instruments

1.4
Consulting set-
up
Dust &/or disinfect all visible surfaces
Cleaning the Examination Table
Cleaning the Weighing scale
Cleaning the sink
Clean & Clear sink area
Auraclens
Table cleaner
paper towel
IV stopper
Locate items in consult rooms
replace used sharps container when full

Thermometer
paper towel dispenser
hand soap dispenser
table cleaner spray bottle
lube squirt bottle
Sterile eye wash
auraclens pump dispenser

hydrogen peroxide pump dispenser

sterile saline squirt bottle

Micropore tapes
alcohol swab tub
(cotton balls soaked in chlorhexidine
solution)
cotton balls
gauze pads
cotton buds
tongue depressors

KMNO4/potassium permanganate

syringes (insulin, 1 ml, 3 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml,

20 ml)
 needles (G23, G21, G18, acupuncture)

IV catheters (G24, G22, G20, G18)

IV catheter plugs

winged infusion sets (G25, G23, G21)

coban & elastoplast (2 sizes), paper tape,

blenderm tape, gauze tie

surgical blades (size #10, 15, 23)

blood sample tubes (blood chemistry Li-

Heparin & haematology K-EDTA tubes)

underpads (green large) /

encopads (blue, small)
examination gloves (non-sterile, medium
and small)
Sno-strip Tear Test Strips
Fluorets Test Strips

vaccines (in the fridge, Durammune,

Bronchishield, Felovax, Rabies)

heparin saline syringes

glass slides
cover slips
prescription forms
vaccination cards
vaccination reminder Follow Up
appointment
* Handling patient
Provide:
weighing scale
thermometer
stethoscope
scissors
pill popper
kidney dish
eye ointment/lube
ear cleaner
muzzle (on stand by)
calculator
pen
scrap paper pad

1.5 Laboratory - Basic Perform/Run

 PT
TP
Specific Gravity
PCV
Urinalysis
Urine multistix
Use of Microscope
Sending Samples to Lab(external)
Filing and Attaching copy
Filling up AVD/AVA/Quest/iDexx form
Medication
1.6
understanding
DRUGS
Emergency drugs
Western Medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Homeopathic Medicine
Holistic Medicine
Alternative Medicine
Medical Abbreviation
SID
BID
TID
QID
PRN
Q
EDDU
QAR
BAR
EOD
NIL
NAD
Check Drugs available:
INJECTABLES
Dopamine
Ascorbic acid
Baytril (enrofloxacin)
Betamox LAä (amoxicillin trihydrate)
Vaccine 5in2/3in1/anti-rabies
Furosemide
Adrenalin
Metomide (metoclopramide)
Ornipural
Methadone
 Alfaxan
(butorphanol tartrate)
Cerenia
Depridil
Dexafort
Dexasone
Histamil
Atrosite
Tramal
Fentanyl

1.7
Procedure
clean-up
Dental
Routine Surgery
Biopsy/Lumpectomy

2.1 Consult assist

Veterinarian on Duty
Veterinary Technician on Duty
Veterinary Nurse (consult) on Duty
Veterinary Nurse (surgery) on Duty
Veterinary Discharge Nurse on Duty
Front desk on duty
Answering Phone Call
Paging
Booking Appointment
Making Heparin Saline
Making Diluted Adrenalin
Client Service
Phone call protocol

Vaccination Protocol

Microchip Protocol
In-hospital patient
2.2
monitoring

Hospital sheets
Placement of IV Catheter
TAKING VITALS
HR – Heart Rate
RR – Respiratory Rate
RT –Rectal Temperature
PR – Pulse Rate
CRT – Capillary Refill Time
MM – Mucus membrane
ST – Skin Tenting
 Monitoring Patient
Laboratory -
2.3
Advanced
Blood typing Cat
Blood typing Dog
iDexx 4Dx
iDexx Combo
iDexx Parvo
iDexx Canine Pancreatitis
BG
iDexx CORTISOL Test
Skin Scraping
Diff Staining
Fecalysis
Idexx Blood Chemistry
Idexx CBC
Collecting serum
Extracting Cell - Nucleic acid
PCR test – for Canine
PCR test – for Feline
Medication
2.4
dispensing
Printing labels
Shampoo #1
Lotion
Cutting pills
Dividing capsule
Counting pills
Supplement top up
Repeat Rx
Preparation of cream
Syrup Preparation

2.5
Patient check-
out
Preparing as per Discharge instructions
2.6 Patient handling
Cat restraint
Dog restraint
Restraint for blood collection – Canine
Restraint for blood collection – Feline
Procedure set-
2.7
up
Dental
Biopsy
Routine Surgery
 Emergency Surgery
2,8 Surgery set-up
Using autoclave
Packing Instruments
Charging for surgery
Change Soda Lime
Identification of Surgical Instruments
Surgical Packs
Stitch Packs
Consult Packs
Dental Packs
Orthopedic Packs
Individual Packs
Identification of commonly used
machines/equipment in the sx theatre &
description of usage
Oxygen Tank
Isoflorane
Oxygen meter
T-Piece
ET Tube
Set up for major sample collection for
AVD and external Labs
3.1 Anesthesia set-up Placement of IV Catheter
Turning On or Off/Changing
Oxygen Tank
Medical Air Tank
Operating Theatres rule

Rebreathing VS Non-Rebreathing tubes

Shaving surgical area
Preparation of surgical area of patient
PDLA
ECG placement
Placing ET tube
Placing ET stethoscope
Dressing a surgeon
Opening of sterile packs

Set and cleaning electrocautery machine

Set and clean vacuum machine

Use ventilator in OT
Fill Isoflurane/sevoflurane

Knowledge of IV anaesthetic drugs

 Propofol
Alfaxan
Diazepam
Torbugesic
Dormitor
Antisedan
Dose computation

Knowledge of IV anaesthetic drugs

Knowledge of maintenance fluid rate

range
Anesthesia
3.2 mointoring

Patient monitoring during surgery

Heart Rate
Respiratory Rate
Body Temperature
ET tube placement

Use of ECG/SPO2/NIBP machines

Preparation of materials for minor and

major surgeries
Cleaning and maintenance of surgical
equipment
Cleaning surgical instruments
Repacking and sterilization of surgical
packs
Hosptial patient
3.3 discharge

Discharging patient by Vets Instructions

Cleaning cages
Restoration of cage after cleaning
Disinfecting cages
Pumps placed to cupboards

3.4 Imaging
Cleaning Xray Cassette
Position patient for xray
Measurement for xray

Registration of a new patient for x-ray

Set up for radiographs

Printing of radiographs
Saving of radiographs
Registration of a new patient for
ultrasound
 Preparing a patient for an ultrasound
examination
Booking for MRI
Booking for CT
Performing ERG
In-hospital
3.5 management
Hospital Rules and Regulations
Admitting patient
Identifying patient
Plotting for hospital Plan
Ward
Code
Computing fluid rate
Set up for fluid pump
Set up for Syringe pump

Writing plan of the Board (FIODO)

Writing plan of the Vet Port

Updating Attending Vet
Placing IV catheter
Placing Urinary catheter
Blood collection
Urine collection
Preparing Medication
Preparing for feeding
Giving Orals
Giving IV
Giving SC
Giving IM
Applying eye meds
Applying cream
Cleaning cage
Taking vitals
Encoding into VetBuddy
Charging
Discharging Patient
Blood transfusion
Plasma Transfusion
Albumin Transfusion
Hyperbaric Treatment

Medical Abbreviation II (Advance level)

Prescription Preparation
 Oxygen Therapy
Fluid pumps
Hospital Gown Folding

3.6 Surgery assist

Identification of instruments in general
surgical packs

Identification of uncommonly used

machines/equipment in the sx theatres &
description of usage

VetBUddy
Typing for Vet (JPL)
Assisting Vet in consult
Preparing discharge medication
Taking History
Oinments and lotions
Preparing for Injectables
Giving Oral Medication
Giving SC
Giving IM
Giving IV
3.7 Advanced medicine
FLUID THERAPY

Fluid rate computation maintenance

Surgery fluid rate

Fluid rate with complication
Fluid rate with Dehydration
Fluid additives