MARCH 2025

LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHER

Course: SCIENCE

BRANCH OF BIOLOGY
Itchtyology fish
Ornithology birds
Virology viruses
Botany plants
Zoology animals
Helmintology worms
Bacteriology bacteria
Chemistry material world
Physiology functions
Morphology forms
Psychology human behavior
Genetics heredity
Mycology fungi
Cytology cells
Histology tissues
Osteology bones
Paleontology fossils
Meteorology Weather or atmospheric conditions
Petrology rocks
Pedology soil
Climatology climate
Cosmology universe
Astronomy galaxies, stars
Spermology seeds
Optics lights
Herpetology reptiles and amphibians
TAXONOMIC RANK
Domain eukarya
Kingdom animalia
Phylum chordata
Class mamalia
Order primates (lemurs, tarsiers, and humans)
Family hominidae
Genus homo
Species sapiens
SPHERES
Biospheres where life exists, including air, water, and soil
(living things)
Atmosphere the air above earth’s surface, including all gases,
extending to space
(air)
Geosphere includes all the rocks, minerals, and ground on
and in earth
Hydrosphere water part of the earth
Lithosphere the rigid, outermost rocky shell of the earth
(land)
Troposphere weather; lowest layer of earth
Stratosphere ozone layer; destroyed by CFC’s; temperature increase
due to the absorption of solar radiation
Mesosphere middle; meteors burned up here; meteor
Ionosphere radio waves
Thermosphere has a high temperature; extreme heat; aurora borealis
Exosphere outermost layer of the atmosphere; spaceship
Asthenosphere partially molten layer of the earth
Ozone layer Absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation
CHANGING PHASE OF MATTER
Evaporation liquid to gas
(wet towels drying in the sun)
Condensation gas to liquid
(water droplets on a cold drink) (fog on a mirror)
Sublimation solid to gas (dry ice)
Deposition gas to solid (water vapor to ice)
Freezing Liquid to solid
Melting solid to liquid
Precipitation water vapor falls from the atmosphere to the
ground in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail
Transpiration process by which plants lose water through their leaves
pH SCALE (BB RANG)
Blue base
Red acid (0)
Green neutral (7)
0 battery acid
1 gastric acid
2 lemon juice
3 apple juice
4 tomato juice
5 black coffee
6 milk
7 Water (25°C)
8 egg
9 baking soda
10 milk of magnesia
11 ammonia solution
12 soap
13 bleach
14 drain cleaner
MILLION OF YEARS AGO
Pre Cambrian age of trilobites; invertebrates
Paleozoic reptiles and amphibian existed
Mesozoic dinosaur
Cenozoic mammals
 HEAT TRANSFER
Conduction heat transfer occurs between objects by direct contact;
it touches a solid object
(scorching of feet on sand)
(handle of spoon dipped in a cup of hot water becomes
warm)
Convection heat transfer takes within the fluid
(a hot air balloon rising)
(boiling water)
Radiation transfer through electromagnetic waves
without involving particles
(a microwave heating your food)
(feel the heat of lighted candle)
TONICITY OF SOLUTIONS
Hypotonic Solution the cell will swell or burst
Hypertonic Solution the cell will shrink or shrivel; dehydrated
Isotonic Solution no change, same, equal, safest
TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS
Mutualism (+/+) both organisms benefit from the relationship; reciprocity
(plants and animals)
(sea anemone and clown fish)
Commensalism (+/0) one organism benefits, while the other is
not harmed or helped
(mango tree and orchid)
(barnacles attach to whales without harming them)
Parasitism (+/-) one organism (the parasite) benefits,
while the other (the host) is harmed
(dog and tick) (intestine - worms)
(caterpillar - leaves)
Amensalism (-/0) one is harmed and the other is unaffected
(walang makukuhang benefit, nanakit lang talaga;
bata at lamok)
Neutralism neither affects the other
(walang effect sa isa’t isa pero parehong nag-e-exist)
Predation predator and prey; one organism benefits, one died
(lion and a deer)
Grazing (carabao and grass)
Competition (-/-) the same niche/role - iisa ang gusto
(mango and sampaguita)
PERSON ; FATHERS
Galileo Galile Modern Science
Herodutos History
Robert Koch Germ Theory
Alexander Graham Bell Telephone
Wilbur and Orville Wright Airplane
Aristotle Biology; Zoology
Gregor Mendel Genetics
Fleming Penicilin: Antibiotics
Bentham Utilitarianism
 Hippocrates Medicine
Mendeleev Periodic Table
Francis Bacon Scientific Method
Anton van Leewonhock Micobiology Animalcules; Little Animal
Carolus Linnaeus Taxonomy; Homo Sapiens
Binomial Nomenclature
Theophrastus Botany
Thucydides Scientific History
Leonardo da Vinci Invention; Paleontology
Antoine Lavoisier Modern Chemistry
Isaan Newton Physics
Albert Einstein Modern Physics; Theory of General Relativity
Robert Hooke Cytology; Microscopy
Charles Darwin Evolutionary Theory
M. Scheleiden Botanist; All plants are made up of cell
Theodor Schwann Zoologist; All animals are made up of cells
Robert Boyle Gas Law
Louis Pasteur Microbiology; proved that contamination with
microorganisms, rather than mere exposure to air, is
responsible for food spoilage and disease
Nicolaus Copernicus Heliocentrism
Niels Bohr Atomic Model
Nikola Tesla Electrical Engineering
John Dalton Atomic Theory
Michael Faraday Electromagnetism
William Harvey Modern Medicine
Edward Jenner Vaccination
Joseph Lister Antiseptic Surgery
Alfred Nobel Dynamite and Nobel Prizes
Johannes Kepler Planetary Motion
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
James Watson and Francis Crick DNA Structure
Benjamin Franklin Electricity
Alfred Wegner Continental Drift Theory
Watson Watt Radar
Tim Berners-Lee World Wide Web
Nettie Maria Stevens Deduced that the sex of an individual is determined by a
particular chromosome
Adolf Butenandt Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on sex
hormones but was forced by the Nazis to refuse the prize
Darwin Origin of species
LAYERS OF THE EARTH
Crust thinnest layer
Mantle thickest layer
Outer Core liquid part
Inner Core solid part
MACROMOLECULES
Carbohydrates building blocks: monosaccharides (simple sugars)
 energy; bread and rice; direct energy; hydrophilic;
provide energy and structure to cell
Lipids building blocks: fatty acids and glycerol
stored energy; provide long-term energy to cell
hydrophobic organic compound o takot sa tubig
Proteins building blocks: amino acids
provide cell structure, send chemical signals
muscle builder and muscle repair; responsible for the
structure and function of enzymes
Nucleic Acids building blocks: nucleotides
store and pass genetic information
(DNA and RNA) - blueprint of yourself
MICRO MOLES
Vitamin A eye, night blindness in children and adults
Vitamin B brain
Vitamin C immune system
Vitamin D sunlight, bones
Vitamin E fruits, skin
Vitamin K blood clotting
PLANTS ; CELL
Food making process of plant using the light energy Photosynthesis
coming from the sun day: release oxygen, take in ng carbon dioxide
night: release ng carbon dioxide, take in ng oxygen
Product of photosynthesis Glucose and oxygen
Need for cellular respiration C6h1206 and oxygen
Site of photosynthesis; carry out or perform Chloroplast
photosynthesis during daylight; powerhouse ng cell ng
plants
Green pigment Chlorophyll
Medium for chemical reaction; lahat ng living Cytoplasm
material inside the cell
Breathing organs of plants in its trunks; Lenticels
Capture sunlight
Plants n its leaves; small holes Stomata
Beneath the ground Roots
Unique feature of plants Cell wall
Direct energy of cells Carbohydrates
Stores water in a plant cell; help sequester waste Vacuoles
products
Powerhouse of a cell; responsible for ATP production Mitochondria
Union of gamete cells inside a test tube In vitro
Union of gamete cells outside a test tube In vivo
Site of protein synthesis Ribosome
Cells lack a nucleus and other organelles; unicellular Prokaryotes
Cells contain a nucleus and other membrane Eukaryotes
organelles
Multicellular eukaryotes made of many cell such as plants, animal, and fungi
Prokaryotic cell; has no true nucleus Bacteria
Modify and packaging proteins Golgi body
 Contains enzymes that break down cellular Lysosomes
components; digestive system of the cell
Role is to act as catalyst Enzymes
Two way transport of plants: vascular tissue that Phloem
conducts food
One way transport of plants; vascular tissue that Xylem
conducts water and minerals
Found in all cell that separates the interior of the cell Plasma membrane
Structure that surround the cell Cell membrane
Helps cell divide Centriole
Organizes microtubes and regulates cell division Centrosome
Sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area Centromere
Male reproduction of flowers Stamen
Female reproduction of flowers Pistil
Independent, produces own food; producers (plant): Autotroph
bottom of ecological pyramid: plants, algae
Cell wall present in plant cells are made up of: it is Cellulose
also the most organic compound; very important
polysaccharide
Cell wall is a characteristic structure of fungi; Glucans, Chitin, and Glycoproteins
components of Fungal Cell Wall
Cell walls present in bacteria Peptidoglycan
Consumers; cannot manufacture own food: fungi, Heterotroph
animals
Purpose is to produce gametes Meiosis
Purpose if to produce identical cells and repair tissues Mitosis
Amoeboid movement and changes in cell shape Microfilaments
PLANT TROPISM
Growth towards light Phototropism
Stems of vines grow around the poles of the fences; Thigmotropism
Growth in response to touch stimulus
Growth in response to gravity Geotropism/Gravitropism
Growth towards water Hydrotropism
Positive - papunta sa light, root pababa Negative - away sa light, pataas ang root
They connect roots and leaves and serve as Stem
passageways and storage for food minerals and water
MONOCOT AND DICOT
Monocot Dicot
Seed: one cotyledon Two cotyledon
Leaves: parallel, narrow Branched leaves
Stem: scattered Ringed
Roots: fibrous Tap
Flowers: multiple of 3 4 or 5 petals
Example: cassava
THRE BROAD TYPES OF DIETS IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
Producers Plants
Eat plants and meat Omnivores
Eat only meat Carnivores
Eat plants only Herbivores
 PHASES OF MITOSIS (PMAT) - process of nuclear division
Interphase cell spends most of its life; preparatory period
Prophase first phase of mitosis
Prometaphase the nuclear envelope disintegrates
Metaphase a stage during the process of cell division
Anaphase duplicated chromosomes separate a
move towards opposite
poles of the cell
Telophase final phase of mitosis
PHYLA OF INVERTEBRATES
Anthropods with hard exoskeletons and joined legs;
insects, centipedes
Annelids segmented worms with bilateral symmetry (leech)
Mollusk soft bodied animals
(gastropods, bivalves, cephalopod)
Cnidarians stinging animals (jelly fish, sea anemone)
Echinodermata spiny-skinned animals (sea urchin, corals)
Porifera pore-bearing animals (sponge)
SUGARS
Simple sugars Monosaccharides
Malt sugar; made up of two glucose Maltose
1 glucose, 1 galactose; milk sugar Lactose
1 glucose, 1 fructose; table sugar Sucrose
MAGNETIC
Diamagnetic weak; hindi nag-ma-magnet; gold and silver
Paramagnetic positive pero hindi masiyadong nag-ma-magnet;
magnesium, lithium
Ferromagnetic dumidikit;iron, nickel, cobalt
STORM NAMES (HAPTIC)
Hurricane america
Philippines typhoon
India cyclone
TROPICAL CYCLONE WARNING SYSTEM
Signal #1 (depression) 61 km/h or less
Signal #2 (tropical storm) 62-88 km/h
Signal #3 (severe tropical storm) 89-117 km/h
Signal #4 (typhoon category) 118-184 km/h
Signal #5 (super typhoon) 185 km/h or high
POSITIONS OF CELESTIAL BODIES
Aphelion sun is farthest from the earth
Apogee moon is farthest from the earth
Perigee moon nearest to the earth; moon appears larger
and brighter in the sky
Perihilion sun is nearest to the earth

Lunar Eclipse SEM, moon moves into the shadow of the Earth
caused by the sun; happens when moon is full
Solar Eclipse SME, moon passes between Earth and the sun;
happens when moon is new
 Syzygy Conjunction or line especially of the moon with the sun;
nearly straight line configuration of three celestial bodies
BONES
Framework to support movements Bones
Tissues that connect bones to another bones Ligaments
Muscle to bone Tendons
Acts as a cushioning layer between bones, reducing Cartilage
friction in joints and allowing smooth movements
METABOLISM
The whole sum of reactions that occur throughout the Metabolism
body within each cell and that provide the body with
energy
Breakdown of larger molecules Catabolism
Synthesis of larger molecules Anabolism
3 PARTS OF CELL THEORY
1. All organisms are made up op one or more cells
2. All cells arise from preexisting cells
3. Cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
Balance and coordination Cerebellum
Control center of the body Brain
Thinking; cognitive skills Frontal Lobe
Senses Parietal Lobe
Sight Occipital
Process sensory information Temporal
Stalk-like part at the base of your brain Brainstem
Largest part Cerebrum
Small area in the center Hypothalamus
Egg-shaped structure in the middle Thalamus
Part of brainstem, links brain to spinal cord Pons
HUMAN BODY ; ORGAN
Secretes insulin Pancreas
Secretes bile; largest internal organ Liver
Largest external organ Skin
Pumping organ Heart
Filtering blood and producing urine Kidney
Basic functional unit of the kidney Nephron
Take urine from kidneys to the bladder Ureters
Temporarily stores urine inside the body Urinary Bladder
Expels urine outside the body
Hair-like structure Cilia
Whip-like structure Flagella
Finger-like projectors Villi
Wind-pipe Trachea
Nearest organ to the heart; food pipe Esophagus
Voice box Larynx
Flap of cartilage in the throat Epiglottis
Main organ for respiration Lungs
 Islet of Langerhans Pancreatic Cells
Master gland of the human body Pituitary Gland
Smallest bone in the body Stapess
HUMAN ANATOMY
Bones 206
Muscle 639
Teeth 32
Ribs 24
Heart Chambers 4
Number of Spines 33
Number of facial bones 14
Skull bones 22
Normal Blood Ph 7.4
Blood in human body 5 liter
Pairs of chromosome in human body 23
Overall chromosome in body 46
Thread of DBA, made up of genes; thread-like Chromosome
structure located inside the nucleus of animal and
plant cells
CHROMOSOMES
XX Chromosomes: estrogen (ovaries) and Female
progesterone (ovaries and placenta)
XY; testosterone(testes) Male
Extra Down Syndrome; T21
Name the male and female sex hormones Sperm Cell and Ovum
PLANETS
Most moons; ringed planet Saturn
Hottest; no moons; twin sister of Earth; morning and Venus
evening star
Blue planet Earth
Red planet Mars
Largest planet; four moons Jupiter
Coldest; discovered through telescope Uranus
Nearest to sun; no moons; Mercury
Smallest; fastest
Outermost; discovered through mathematics equation Neptune
Mars moons Phobos and Deimos
Causes day and night Earth’s rotation
Minor planet Asteroid
Icy body Comet
Rocky Meteoroid
Streak of light; popularly called shooting star; Earth’s Meteor
atmosphere
Meteor fragment that reaches the ground Meteorite
BASIC TERMS IN GENETICS
Passing of traits Heredity
Factor of heredity Genes
Alternative from of gene Allele
 Position of the genes in the chromosomes Locus
Trait being expressed Dominant
Being masked Recessive
Having two identical alleles Homozygous
Genetic material; actual genetic make up of an Genotype
organism
visible expression or appearance such as height, eye Phenotype
color, and blood type
Used to predict the possible genetic outcome Punnet Square

Carry blood away from the heart Artery (AA)

Carry blood back to the heart Veins (VB)
Connect arteries and vein Capillaries
Biggest artery Aorta
BIOMES
Large areas characterized by their vegetation, soil, Biome
climate, and wildlife; biological communities; largest
geographic biotic unit
Include both freshwater and marine biome Aquatic Biomes
Fresh water Marine
Tubig-alat Freshwater
Dominated by grass, warm and dry climate: Grasslands Biomes
Grassland na mayroong scattered trees and hervibores; Savanna
More on grasses Prairie
Dominated by trees; maraming nabubuhay na Forest Biomes
organisms
May dalawang season: wet and dry Tropical Forest
Kaya malamig kasi nasa high altitude: cordillera Taiga (cold)
moutains like baguio
Mas malamig kasi nagyeyelo ang paligid, may solid Tundra (cold)
frozen ground
May four season: summer,winter, spring, and Temperate
Pinakamaraming biodiversity; forest Dipterocarp
Dry areas where rainfall is less than 50 cm per year; Deserts
no inhabitants
Disyerto pero more on ice Polar
Mainit na disyerto Non-polar
Largest cold desert Antartica (Polar desert)
Largest hot desert Sahara
PERIODIC TABLE ; ELEMENTS
Periodic Table Dimitri Mendeleev
Group in the periodic table that is stable Noble Gases
B Boron
W Tungsten
Na Sodium
Te Tellerium
Al Aluminum
Cl Chlorine
U Uranium
 Pb Lead
Fe Iron
Hg Mercury
Po Polonium
Li Lithium
P Phosphorus
Sn Tin
Br Bromine
Au Gold
Cu Copper
Co Cobalt
Ag Silver
He (noble gas) Helium
K Potassium
How many elements? 118
Element named aftrer Albert Einstein Einsteinium
Much lighter that air; most abundant Hydrogen
Atomic weight of cobalt 58.933
Kulay ng Boron kapag sinunog Bright Green
ENERGY
When coal is burned, stored energy is being released Thermal Energy
in the form of
Steady, not moving Potential
Moving; in motion Kinetic
Kapag alam mong mahuhulog na sa iyo; may Gravitational
tendency na malaglag
Energy na naka-store sa mga atom Nuclear

Ecological niche is to Habitat

Endangered species are species which are threatened Habitat destruction
due to
Increased global temperatures is most likely to occur An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
When light travels from water to air, its speed Increases
Sound travel faster in Wood
Mixtures that scatters light passing through it Colloid
Water evaporates, it changed into Gaseous
Change in substance resulting in the formation of a Chemical Change
news substance is
Protein found in the plasma is responsible for blood Fibrinogen
clotting
Children born with deficiency of thyroxin Become mentally retarded if deficiency is not checked
Help reduced water-pollution Treating wastewater before discharge
Removal of broken pieces of rocks from the parent Erosion
rock
Result of warm air mass and cooler air mass Stormy weather patterns develop
Uses organisms to clean up toxic wastes; clean up Bioremediation
toxic from oil to spill
Most abundant inorganic compound without a Water
presence of carbon
 Oxygen percent in the atmosphere is 21%
Nitrogen 78%
Abundant element in the atmosphere Nitrogen
Lacks of a clotting factor I their blood; genetic Hemophilia
mutation from mother
Father dominant personality who keeps the family Patriarchal
aligned
Mother dominant Matriarchal
Equal or both, a person who believes in equality of all Egalitarian
people
Concious or awake SMR, Alpha, Beta, Gamma
Unconscious Delta and theta
Damaged to DNA Mutation
Regulations of plant growth and development Cytokinins and Auxins
Perfect base pair Adenine, Thymine, Quanine, and Cytosin (AT GC)
Product of Photosynthesis Glucose and Oxygen
Product of cellular respiration ATP and water
Waste product of Krebs Cycle Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide
Break into places and develop new organisms Fragmentation
(splitting method)
Reproduces through fragmentation Flat Worms
Flatworms Platyhelminthes
Round worms Nematoda
Are segmented worms Leeches (produce an anti-coagulation called hirudin)
Bamboo way to reproduce Runners
Bacteria way to reproduce Fission
Reproduce through budding Corrals
Starfish Regeneration
Elements exists in carbohydrates and lipids are Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
Vitamins Micro
Watery fluid portion of blood (92% water) in which Plasma
element are suspended: most matter in the universe
Prevents bleeding Platelets
Carries oxygen; iron-containing compound which give Hemoglobin
the red corpuscles its color
Earthquakes originates; location Focus
Above the location Epicenter
Why earthquake experienced after volcano erupted? Rocks move located along the faults
Lowest rank coal Lignite
Highest rank coal Anthracite
Textbook laid in the table Zero
Lahat ng sinusunog; differ in chemical properties and Chemical Change
composition: chemical reaction form new product
Nagbabago ang size and shape: matter changes form Physical Change
but not chemical identity
Hottest gas Acetylene
Coolest gas Helium
Simplest element Hydrogen
Wind flow with maximum winds below 39 mph Depression
 Above 39 Tropical Storm
185 kph Super Typhoon
Longest bone; thigh bone Femur
Human teeth 32
Kids bones 300
Adult bones 206
Liters of blood 5-6
Intestine/long 25 meters
Universal donor O blood
Universal recipient AB+
Sum of proton and neutron Mass Number
Always equal to proton Atomic Number
Mass number - atomic number = Neutrons
Determines the isotope of an element
Number of protons is always equal to electrons Neutral atom
Frog, lizard; animals which live on land but return to Amphibians
the water to breed
Not living things Virus
Why living things need to reproduce? To prevent extinction
Without life Abiotic
The living parts of an ecosystem Biotic
Liquid; capable of dissolving one, thus creating a Solvent
solution; water
Movement of solute; the smell of perfume; high to Diffusion
low; higher to low concentration
Diffusion Solute
Low to high; sumipermeable membrane Osmosis
Gas; no definite shape and volume Carbon Dioxide
Rigid; fixed shape and volume Solid
Not rigid; no fixed shape, fixed volume Liquid
Not rigid, no fixed shape and volume Gas
From magma Igneous
By intense heat and pressure Metamorphic
Sand, mud, are deposited on Earth surface and then Sedimentary
cemented together
Inorganic solids with a specific chemical composition Minerals
Factual evidences can be touch and seen Emperical
All characteristics of scientific method except Hearsay
Antidote can be replacement of vinegar and citrus Raw Egg White
Detect earthquake Seismograph
Yeast, mold Fungi
Feeds on dead and decaying matters Yeast
Bacteria; most primitive kingdom Monera
Used by animals in winter sleep; frogs during cold Hibernation
season; an animal’s body temperature decreases and
heartbeat and breath ing rate slow down
Septic tank Hypertrophication
Algal bloom; there will be a significant decrease in the Eutrophication
water harvest by fishermen
 Ability to remain stable; constant internal Homeostasis
environment
“Summer sleep” (crocodiles) Aestivation
Walang tree; found in actic area and on mountain Tundras
tops, climate is cold
Hot, dry,and scattered with trees Savanna
The unity of egg cell and sperm cell Fertilization
Development of egg without fertilization Parthenogenesis
Which do not reproduce via parthegenesis Butterflies
Development of egg with fertilization Oogenesis
Wilting of plants at noon Rapid Transpiration
Life Biodiversity
Isang linyahan lang ang pagkain Food Chain
intertwined Food Web
Internal process; ability to adapt sa situation kapag Physiological Adaptation
namimiligro; frog para makatakas sa predators; (plants with poison)
Physical changes like large leaves and spines Structural Adaptation
Lokasyon ay iniiba (physical separation) Geographical Adaptation
Shedding of leaves Behavioral Adaptation
Vitamin c deficiency Scurvy
Decay of microorganism under heat and pressure Petroleum are being created
Cellular metabolic process that breaks down glucose Cellular Respiration
to produce ATP
It causes bones to turn brittle and break easily Removal of Type 1 collagen
Period that mammal evolved Triassic
Score hardest mineeral in mohs scale 10
Hardest mineral in mohs scale Diamond
Softest mineral in mohs scale Talc
Lens of magnifying glass Convex Lens
Gland for regulation growth Thyroid Gland
Transport carbon dioxide to the lungs; transporting Red Blood Cells
oxygen
How do hormones work? By controlling cell chemistry
Water Cycle ECPIRS: evaporation, condenstion, precipitation,
infiltration, run-off, substance flow
Can float on water surface Surface Tension
Surface tension babies Lamok, coin, paper clip, toothpick, razor blade
Law that states, heat flows from high to low Thermodynamics
Bending our arms and leg is done by what joint Hinge
Bending of light rays when entering a medum Refraction
Regulating heart rate and breathing Medulla Oblongata
Seeds are enclosed within the fruits; fruit-bearing Angiosperm
plants or flowering plants
Seeds are enclosed without the fruits Grymnosperm
What causes red tide? Mollusk
Acellular Virus
Unang nanirahan sa isang lugar na dati ay Primary Ecological Succession
wala pang buhay o living things that first
colonize an area that was previous barren
Muling pag-usbong ng buhay sa isang lugarna dati ay Secondary Ecological Succession
mayroong mga organismo ngunit ito ay napinsala
Solar radiation that is effectively absorbed by the Ultraviolet
ozone layer of the earth’s atmosphere
Has wavelengths longer that visible light but shorter Infrared
than microwave
Least frequency but the longest wavelength Red light
Obtained by the decay of an atomic nucleus Gamma Rays
Produce images of the inside of the body X-ray
Major source of energy on Earth Sun
Lowest form of learning from animals Conditioning
Blood clotting Calcium
Analogous structure Butterfly
Bat wing, dolphin’s flipper; mammal Homologous
Organ, tissues, or cells that are no longer functional in Vestigial Organs
the same way they were in our ancestors
How does the bats navigate? Ecolocation
Malaria Plasmodian Vivax
Grassland and Prairies Greatest Diversity
Monkey-eating eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi
Fish kill; carried by the wind, polluted air Acid Rain
Longer days Summer Solstice
Longer nights Winter Solstice
Equal Equinox
Northern lights; norway Aurora Borealis
Lawak ng earthquake Magnitude
Shake ng earthquake Intensity
After hypothesis Conduct acontrolled experiment
Demand energy is predicted Mass Transport
Shape of Earth Oblate Spheroid
Survival of the species Reproduction
Contaminated Wastewater
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Dog Laika
First woman to travel in space Valentina Tereshkova
First man to travel in space Yuri Gagarin
First man to walk on the moon Neil Arsmtrong
Role Ecological Niche
Not against nature Biological Control
Abundant elements in a human body Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Diamond is made of which element? Carbon
Organic substance Carbon
Sugar and starches are Carbohydrates
Energy foods are carbohydrates and Fats
Recorded observations and measurements in an Data
experiment
Numbers, numerical Quantitative
Description Qualitative
 Cause Independent Variable
Effect Dependent Variable
Smallest cell in the body Sperm Cell
Responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle Melatonin
Release by adrenal gland; fight or flight response; Adrenaline
hormone kapag may emergency situation
Antibiotic are effective against Bacteria
Vaccine Viruses
Better crops in biotechnology To make crops resistance to damage from
insects or droughts
Producers obtain their energy From the sun
Only star in the solar system; nuclear fusion Sun
Not an anthropological factor Natural Erosion
Group of cell that work together to perform a function Tissue
Fungi absorb the nutrients from dead organisms Saprophytes
Planet and society at risk Over-consumption of resources
Location of the main asteroid belt Between Mars and Jupiter
Atmospheric condition of a place over a long period Climate
of time
Atmospheric condition of a place over a short period Weather
of time
Can cause global warming Increase the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
Cause by sudden release of energy along faults Eartquake
Hurricane form through The interaction of warm ocean water and
atmospheric conditions
“Data from the participants revealed that 92% wanted Result
to go to school”
Sumakay ng bus the suddenly nag-break Law of Inertial
Newton’s second law state The acceleration of an object is directly proportional
to the net force on it and inveresly proportional to its
mas
Light travels fastest in Air or Vacuum or Gas
Telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell
Inventors of Airplane Wilbur and Orville Wright
Formal learning of science start Spanish Colonial
Perfume contains organic compounds Esters
Molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in DNA
the growth: double-stranded helix
Most effective way for humans to reduce biodiversity Creating large preserves in biodiversity hotspots
loss
Example of renewable energy source Solar power
Orangutan, chimpanzee, and gorilla are classified as Primates
In the process in manufacturing food, plants store the Energy from the sun
Spinning of Earth in its own axis that causes day and Rotation
night
Movement of Earth around the sun Revolution
The Earth spins on its axis once a Day
Member of the same _____________ have the most in Species
common with one another
 Animal cell have no chloroplast, animals must Obtain food from outside sources
Weight of atom comes mostly from its: control center Nucleus
of the cell
They feed their young on milk with _____, is the Mammary Glands
characteristics possessed only by mammals
A group of highly specialized egg-laying predatory Monotremes
mammals (platypus and echidna)
Building blocks from which all matter is composed: Atom
basic unit of matter
Aspilin To reduce the possibility of stroke
Elements are classified according to the number of Protons
Organism which is cold blooded with a dry scaly skin Lizard
Organisms responsible for the return of substance in Decomposers
the bodies of the dead plants and animals to the soil
Application of scientific knowledge and principles Technology
Ideal environment Habitat
Interaction of non-living and living things in its Ecosystem
habitat
The hormone responsible for having cotractions; love Oxytocin
and happy hormones
Reward hormone Dopamine
Mood stabilizer Serotonin
Painkillers Endorphin
Requires no fertilization causing no variation; Asexual Reproduction
producing offspring of exact copy
Fertilized egg Zygote
Removal of not useful or needed molecules or Excretion
compounds in the body
Liquid connective tissue in humans: the river of life Blood
Red blood cells which carry oxygen on hemoglobin Erythrocytes
White blood cellswhich protect against disease Leukocytes
Platelets which are responsible for blood coagulation Thrombocytes
A disorder which muscular control and coordination Cerebral Palsy
are impaired due to brain damage
A marine invertebrate Sea Cucumber
Amino acids, first isolated from gelatin, is the Glycine
simplest
Shares certain morphological and physiological Protists
characteristics with animals, plants, or both
Embryo grow into the shape of a complete organism Morphogenesis
via the differentiation of cells, tissues, and organs
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Charles’s Law
temperature at constant pressure
Ability sets geckos apart from other lizards They can run across ceilings
History of the evolution of a species or group Phylogeny
Comparing the shape of a whale’s flipper to a fish’s Morphology
fins
Cowrie A marine snail
Carnivorous scavenger Hyena
 People get sick from eating salmonella Bacteria
Response to foreign substance called antigens Antibodies
Fragments of tissue from an animal transferred to an Tissue Culture
artificial environment
Emission of light by living organisms such as fireflies Bioluminescence
or bacteria
Type of neuron that carries an impulse away from the Motor Neuron
brain and spinal cord
Signal Sensory Neuron
Relay Interneuron
Type of bond when electrons are shared between Covalent Bond
atoms
Type of bond when electrons are transfer between Ionic Bond
atoms
Which of the following is an indicator of an acid? Blue litmus paper turns red
Primary components of natural gas Methane and Athane
Principal alkaloid found in tobacco Nicotine
In a balance chemical equation, what do the The number of molecules or moles of each substance
coefficient represent?
Mixture It has properties that are different from its individual
components
Example of a strong acid Hydrochloric Acid
Inter molecular force present in water Hydrogen Bonding
Example of an endothermic reaction Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water
Introduced species can threaten biodiversity in a It may compete with native species for food
geographic region and habitat
Main cause of extinction of several species Loss of habitat
Endangered animals local to the Philippines except Panda
Most effective means of Conserving Biodiversity Preserve habitats
Constantly present within a particular population or Endemic
region
Describes a sudden increase in the number of cases of Epidemic
a disease within a specific area
Introduced species that harms its environment Invasive species
Plants that can assist to remedy the polluted site Phytoremediation
Return the natural environment altered by Bioremediation
contaminants to its original condition
Longest cell in the human body Neurons
Wild plants and animals that stay deposited for Oil
thousands of years are known for the source of
Process by which plants lose water through their Transpiration
leaves
What is the boiling point of water at sea level? 100 degree celcius or 212 Fareinheit
The unit of measurement of energy in a given amount Calorie
of food
Genetic engineering has been utilized for the Human growth hormones
production of
In flowering plants, fertilization takes place in the Ovary
Process by which plants reproduce asexually by using Vegetation reproduction
 their parts such as roots, stems, and leaves
Protist that can cause dysentery Entamoeba histolytica
Provides a sales outlet for the products supplied to it Marketing Cooperative
by members
A type of “consumer cooperative” which help to fill a Service Cooperation
need in the community
Kind of cooperative unites small scale producers for Producers Cooperative
joint production of goods
Machine that serves as artificial kidney Hemodialyzer
Chicken flees upon seeing the presence of a snake Skeletal, Nervous, and Muscular
Known as a laughing gas Nitrous oxide
Two sexes like Earthworms Hermaphrodites
The successive levels of organisms consuming one Troph ic Levels
another