NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2023

LIFE SCIENCES P2

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2½ hours

This question paper consists of 18 pages.

7 LIFE SCIENCES P2

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.

6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink.

7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts ONLY when asked to do so.

8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

9. Do NOT use graph paper.

10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass,

where necessary.

11. Round off all calculations to TWO decimal spaces.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

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7 LIFE SCIENCES P2

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.9) in your ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.10 D.

1.1.1 The kingdom to which prokaryotic, unicellular organisms belong:

A Protista
B Fungi
C Virus
D Monera

1.1.2 Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a virus?

A Cell membrane
B Protein coat
C Nucleus
D Chromosomes

1.1.3 Which of the statements below represent a similarity between

Bryophytes and Pterophytes?

A Both divisions have vascular tissue

B Both divisions reproduce by means of spores
C Both divisions have a dominant sporophyte generation
D Both divisions are thallus plants

1.1.4 Study the list below:

(i) Offspring are genetically identical to the parent

(ii) Offspring are genetically different from each other
(iii) Only one individual is required for reproduction
(iv) Increases chance of survival

Which of the above statements represent an advantage of sexual

reproduction?

A (i) and (ii)

B (ii) and (iii)
C (ii), (iii) and (iv)
D (ii) and (iv)

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7 LIFE SCIENCES P2

1.1.5 A decrease in the size of a population is due to …

A Migration
B Increased immigration
C Increased emigration
D An increased birth rate

1.1.6 Seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit:

A Nuts
B Spores
C Naked seeds
D Cones

1.1.7 Which of the following can lead to habitant destruction?

I. Mining
II. Poor agricultural practices
III. Reforestation
IV. Urbanization

A I, II and IV
B II, III and IV
C III
D I, II and III

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7 LIFE SCIENCES P2

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7 LIFE SCIENCES P2

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1 Symmetry found in Porifera

1.2.2 Dominant generation in the life cycle of ferns

1.2.3 Name the vector responsible for transmitting malaria

1.2.4 The male whorl of a flower

1.2.5 The kind of competition when individuals of the same species living in the
same habitant compete for the same food sources

1.2.6 The close relationship between two organisms where both

organisms benefit

1.2.7 Illegal hunting or removal of organisms

1.2.8 The cutting down of trees and the removal of vegetation from a land

1.2.9 The overall increase in temperature due to Enhanced Greenhouse effect

(9 x 1) (9)

1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN Ι, applies to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A and B, or NONE of the items in COLUMN Ι . Write A only, B
only, BOTH A and B, or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3)in
the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN Ι COLUMN ΙΙ
1.3.1 Carbon footprint can be A Recycling
reduced by B Reusing
1.3.2 Root-like structures in moss A Thallus
B Hyphae
1.3.3 Site constructed to dispose A Reservoir
waste B Landfill
(3 x 2) (6)

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7 LIFE SCIENCES P2

1.5 Study the diagrams below.

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms
Charophytes

Pterophytes
Bryophytes
Millions of years ago (MYA)

0
Cenozoic
B
Mesozoic

100
A

200

300

C
400
Paleozoic

D
500 E

600
Algae

1.5.1 Name the kingdom to which the above organisms belong. (1)
1.5.2 Which LETTERS represent the following characteristics?
a) Non-vascular plants (1)
b) Fruit (1)
c) Sporophyte generation (dominant) (1)

1.5.3 Name the plant division that was found on earth during the Mesozoic
era. (1)

1.5.4 How many million years ago did seed plants arise on earth? (1)

1.5.5 Give the scientific name for the division in which liverworts, hornworts
and mosses are found. (1)

1.5.6 What is considered to be the ancestor of all land plants? (1)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2

3.2 The data in the graph below represents the number of springbuck and cheetah
in the Namaqua Game Reserve over 65 years. The springbuck is the natural
prey of cheetah.

The natural carry capacity for springbuck in this reserve is 325. After this
number was exceeded the management of the reserve decided to introduce
a culling program.

3.2.1 Name the relationship between cheetahs and springbucks. (1)

3.2.2 How many of the following were there in 1980?

(a) Springbuck (1)
(b) Cheetah (1)

3.2.3 Will the springbuck population increase or decrease when there is a (2)
small number of cheetahs? Explain your answer.
3.2.4 Between which years did the springbuck population exceed the
carrying capacity? (2)
3.2.5 In which year was the culling programme introduced for springbuck,
according to the graph? (1)
3.2.6 Name ONE other density dependent factor, besides predation, that
could naturally reduce the springbuck population. (1)

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 8

SECTION B

QUESTION 2

2.1 Study the diagrams of the two flowers below.

A
E
G

Flower 1 Flower 2

2.1.1 Name the division/taxa to which flowering plants belong. (1)

2.1.2 Supply labels for:

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C (3)

2.1.3 Give the LETTERS of the parts of Flower 2 that will drop off soon after
fertilisation has occurred. (2)

2.1.4 Which flower (1 or 2) above, is wind pollinated? (1)

2.1.5 Give TWO visible reasons for your answer in QUESTION 2.1.4. (2)

2.1.6 Name TWO unique features of flowering plants that have allowed
them to become the dominant plant species on Earth. (2)

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 9

2.2 Study the diagram and read the passage below.

C B

SOUTH AFRICA PERSPECTIVE: TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Myobacterium tuberculosis and

is a serious public health issue in South Africa. About 450,000 people develop
the disease every year, and 270 000 of those are also living with HIV. TB is
South Africa’s leading cause of death. About 89 000 people die from it every
year; that’s ten people every hour.

HIV infection is a key factor in the TB epidemic. HIV sufferers have a higher risk
of contracting TB and a greater chance of dying as they have a weaker immune
system.
A vaccine, called the BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) is used to prevent TB. It is
more effective in children and its efficacy in adults is inconsistent.
[Adapted from https://www.copenhagenconsensus.com-South Africa Perspective:
Tuberculosis]

2.2.1 Name the bacterium that is causing TB. (1)

2.2.2 Why is a bacterium considered prokaryotic? (1)

2.2.3 Label structures: (3)

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

2.2.4 Explain how the BCG would give immunity. (3)

2.2.5 Tabulate TWO differences between a virus and a bacteria. (5)

2.2.6 Explain why HIV patients have a higher risk of contracting TB and
dying. (2)
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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 10

2.3 Amahle conducted an investigation to determine how different treatments affect

the amount of fungi that grows on bread.

• She took five slices of bread and treated each in a different way as follows:

Slice 1: was left dry

Slice 2: added 20 mℓ tap water
Slice 3: added 20 mℓ lemon juice
Slice 4: added 20 mℓ sugar water
Slice 5: added 20 mℓ bleach (Jik)

• A spray bottle was used to apply the treatment to make sure that it was
evenly spread on the bread.
• Each slice was placed in a ziplock bag and kept in a cupboard for one week.
• After one week the bread was removed from the ziplock bags and she
observed the growth of the fungi.
• She calculated the percentage area of the bread covered by fungi.
• The results are shown in the graph below.

90
Percentage area covered by fungi (%)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
r r
Lemon juice
dry bread

Sugar water

e
Tap water

t ice te ch
Bleach

ju a a
wa w le
b
p r
ta a
g
le su
m
Treatment ononbread

2.3.1 Why did Amahle put the bags in the cupboard? (2)

2.3.2 Name the independent variable. (1)

2.3.3 Explain why the dry bread was included in the experiment. (1)

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 11

2.3.4 State ONE way Amahle can improve the reliability of her investigation. (2)

2.3.5 Explain why fungi grows best on bread sprinkled with sugar water. (1)

2.3.6 Give TWO ways Amahle ensured that the results of this investigation
were valid. (2)

2.4 Figures A, B and C below represent different phyla of animals.

A B C

2.4.1 Identify the phylum represented in figure:

a) A (1)
b) B (1)
c) C (1)

2.4.2 What type of symmetry does figure A have? (1)

2.4.3 Give ONE benefit of the type of symmetry mentioned in QUESTION 2.1.2. (1)

2.4.4 Which figure(s) has/have the following characteristics?

Write only the letters A, B or C for example 2.1.4(e) D

(a) Triploblastic

(b) Dorso-ventrally flattened

(c) Cephalisation

(d) Coelomate (6)

2.4.5 Draw a diagram of a cross section of a triploblastic body plan labelling

each tissue layer, then indicate what each tissue layer gives rise to. (6)

[50]

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 12

QUESTION 3

3.1 The table below shows the average atmospheric carbon dioxide level over 60
years.

DIAGRAM 1:
Greenhouse
effect 1962
Year CO2 Concentration
(parts per million)
1962 318,46
1967 322,13
1972 327,52 EARTH
1977 333,88
1982 341,09 DIAGRAM 2 :
1987 348,99 Enhanced
1992 356,36 Greenhouse
1997 363,84 effect 2017
2002 373,08
2007 383,79
2012 393,85
2017 406,55

3.1.1 Why is it necessary for the natural greenhouse effect to be maintained? (2)

3.1.2 Name TWO human activities that cause an enhanced greenhouse effect. (2)

3.1.3 DIAGRAM 1 shows the natural greenhouse effect in 1962, while DIAGRAM 2 shows
the enhanced greenhouse effect in 2017. Using the data in the table, explain the change
shown in the diagrams. (3)

3.1.4 Explain TWO possible ways in which carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced in
the atmosphere (4)

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 12

3.1 Rabbits were introduced to an Eastern Cape farm in 2006. Since then, the rabbit
population has increased rapidly. The graph below shows how they haveincreased.

D
C
Population size

A
2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020
Year

3.2.1 Provide labels for phases:

a) B (1)

b) C (1)

3.2.2 Name the type of growth form shown in the above graph. (1)

3.2.3 Give the letter of the phase where:

a) Birth rate equals death rate (1)

b) Natality exceeds mortality by far (1)

3.2.4 Explain why the rabbit population size did not increase permanently
after point E. (

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 14

3.3 It was decided to determine the size of the rabbit population on a farm in
2020. Forty rabbits were collected at random. Each one was marked with a tag
on its ear and then returned to the farm. After one week, a second random
selection of rabbits was collected. The diagram below shows the rabbits that
were caughtduring the second selection.

3.3.1 Name the technique that was used to determine the population of
rabbits. (1)

3.3.2 Using the formula below, determine the number of rabbits on the farm in
2020.

Number originally marked x Number in 2nd sample

Population =
Number marked in second sample (4)

3.3.3 Give ONE reason why the estimated size of the population may differ
from the real population size. (1)

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 15

3.4 The population pyramids below show the population percentages of South Africa
and Nigeria in 2020.

100+
95-99 South Africa 2020
90-94 Population: 59 308 689
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
Percentage of Males Percentage of Females

100+
95-99 Nigeria 2020
90-94 Population: 206 139 587
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
Percentage of Males Percentage of Females

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 17

3.4.1 Define the term population. (2)

3.4.2 What percentage of the male population in South Africa is between 15 and
19 years old? (1)

3.4.3 Which age group makes up the greatest percentage of the population in
South Africa? (1)

3.4.4 Which group, males or females, has a higher life expectancy in both countries? (1)

3.4.5 Which pyramid represents that of a developing country (South Africa or Nigeria)? (1)

3.4.6 Give TWO reasons for your answer in QUESTION 3.3.5. (2)

3.5 Read the article below.

SOUTH AFRICA IS DROWNING IN ITS OWN WASTE

South Africans produce enough municipal solid waste to fill an entire football
field 10 metres deep, every day. This waste is disposed of at landfill sites.

South Africans generate roughly 54 200 000 tons of general waste per year.
Only 10% is recycled, whilst at least 90% is landfilled or dumped. This includes
48 million tons of hazardous waste such as mercury and asbestos containing
products, brine, fly ash, waste oils and sewage.

There has been a serious decline in the standard of landfill operation and
management throughout South Africa, particularly at municipal level. The
majority of municipalities do not comply with regulations of operating a landfill.
There is a profitable solution to South Africa’s problem. Using waste in the
generation of renewable energy and reducing the pressure on ESKOM.

South Africa is in a WASTE CRISIS that requires immediate attention and

action. A real concern is that we won’t even be able to pay for the problem to
go away.
[Adapted from http://award.org.za/index.php/2019/02/01/south-africa-is-drowning-in-its-own-
waste-are-our-regulators-taking-this-crisis-seriously/]

3.5.1 Name TWO examples of hazardous waste found in South African landfill sites. (2)

3.5.2 Name the gas released by landfill sites that can be used in the generation of
renewable energy. (1)

3.5.3 Calculate the number of tons of South Africa’s yearly waste that is recycled. (3)

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 LIFE SCIENCES P2 17

3.5.4 Give TWO problems that landfill sites cause for communities living
around them. (2)

3.5.5 Describe ONE way a landfill site can be rehabilitated when it is full. (2)

3.5.6 Explain TWO waste management strategies you would recommend for
South African municipal landfill sites. (4)

TOTAL SECTION B: 100

GRANDTOTAL: 150

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