MASTER KEY

COMBINED SCIENCE
ESSENTIALS
Learner’s Book

Form

1
Simbarashe Musara
 Published by:
Golden Publishers
2190 Granary Phase 2B
Harare

www.goldenbooks.com

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© Copyright Golden Publishing, February 2024

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Publisher: Innocent Musara

Author: Simbarashe Musara
Managing Editor: Charles Chaita
Development and commissioning Editor: Egnes Chingarande
Typeset and Cover design by: Helen C.Madiro

Printed by Golden Publishing

ISBN: 97277793-1702-3

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 Acknowledgement
The publisher and the author would like to acknowledge and thank the following for copyright material
and images contained in this title:

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Preface
Form one combined science essentials has been written in accordance with the latest syllabus issued by
the Ministry of Education, Zimbabwe.

Essential concepts are presented in simple and concise points for easier reference.
Relevant examples and diagrams are incorporated into the notes to facilitate the understanding of
important concepts.

This book is divided into three sections, each section comprising at least 6 topics as laid in the syllabus.

Important concepts are highlighted in each topic, with relevant examples and diagrams to help students
better understand the concepts.

We believe this book will be of great help to teachers teaching the subject and students preparing for
combined science examinations.
 CONTENTS
BIOLOGY SECTION............................................................................................. 1
Topic 1: Laboratory safety and apparatus..................................................................................... 2
Topic 2: Cells and levels of organisation........................................................................................ 12
Topic 3: Nutrition........................................................................................................................... 16
Topic 4: Respiratory systems......................................................................................................... 20
Topic 5: Transport systems............................................................................................................ 26
Topic 6: Reproduction in plants and humans................................................................................ 33
Topic 7: Health and diseases......................................................................................................... 39

End of biology section assessment test................................................................................... 44

Paper 1.......................................................................................................................................... 44
Paper 2.......................................................................................................................................... 50
Paper 3.......................................................................................................................................... 53
CHEMISTRY SECTION......................................................................................... 54
Topic 1: Separation........................................................................................................................ 55
Topic 2: Matter.............................................................................................................................. 60
Topic 3: Acids and bases................................................................................................................ 67
Topic 4: Industrial processes......................................................................................................... 71
Topic 5: Oxidation and reduction.................................................................................................. 75
Topic 6: Organic chemistry............................................................................................................ 80

End of chemistry section assessment test............................................................................... 83

Paper 1.......................................................................................................................................... 83
Paper 2.......................................................................................................................................... 88
Paper 3.......................................................................................................................................... 91
PHYSICS SECTION.............................................................................................. 92
Topic 1: Data presentation............................................................................................................ 93
Topic 2: Measurement.................................................................................................................. 97
Topic 3: Force................................................................................................................................ 101
Topic 4: Energy.............................................................................................................................. 106
Topic 5: Magnetism....................................................................................................................... 111
Topic 6: Electricity......................................................................................................................... 116

End of chemistry section assessment test............................................................................... 122

Paper 1.......................................................................................................................................... 122
Paper 2.......................................................................................................................................... 127
Paper 3.......................................................................................................................................... 130
 BIOLOGY SECTION

Topic 1: Laboratory safety and apparatus.

Topic 2: Cells and levels of organisation.
Topic 3: Nutrition
Topic 4: Respiratory systems
Topic 5: Transport systems
Topic 6: Reproduction in plants and humans
Topic 7: Health and diseases
End of biology section assessment tests
TOPIC
1 LABORATORY SAFETY AND APPARATUS

Definition
Laboratory is a room specifically designed to carry
out scientific experiments.
The diagram below shows a laboratory

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit, you will be able to;
» Explain laboratory rules.
» Identify common laboratory apparatus.
» Demonstrate how to use laboratory apparatus.
» Draw laboratory apparatus.
» Take readings from laboratory apparatus such Laboratory safety
as measuring cylinder and electronic balance.
Introduction
ACTIVITIES
Laboratories can be hazardous environment
• Discuss safe and unsafe behaviour in the with various potential risks, including chemical
laboratory with your classmates. spills, fire explosions and exposure to hazardous
• Design a poster which shows unsafe substances. Laboratory safety is an essential
behaviour in the laboratory.
part of ensuring health and safety of laboratory
• Pour water in a measuring cylinder and
occupants.
record volume accurately.
Definition
Introduction
Laboratory safety refers to a collection of
Laboratory environment can be hazardous place appropriate facilities such as adequate training,
to work. It is important that correct procedures personal protective equipment and safe working
are used in various situations, when handling conditions.
hazardous chemicals or microorganisms. It is
Laboratory rules
also essential that students understand how to
identify and use emergency equipment. Laboratory rules are accepted principles or
instructions which state the way of doing activities
in the laboratory.
2
General laboratory rules Safety and fumes
• You may not be in the laboratory without a During chemical reactions some chemicals emit
teacher being present. toxic fumes. Fumes from toxic substances can
• You must follow instructions from your irritate the skin, nose or eyes. Fuming chemicals
teacher. must be stored in a ventilated cabinet. A
• You may not eat or drink in the laboratory. properly designed fume hood reduces exposure
• You may not run or scream in the laboratory. to hazardous fumes, vapour, gases and dust.
• You must report any breakage or spillage to
Fume hood is a ventilated enclosure used to
the teacher immediately.
trap vapours, gases and dust. Fume cupboard
• Apparatus must be used correctly as directed
is an example of a fume hood. Fume cupboards
by the teacher.
• Keep a list of safety phone numbers for the are specifically designed to provide ventilation
fire department and ambulance on the wall. and protection to laboratory occupants during
experiments.
Handling of chemicals
The diagram below shows poisonous fuming
Personal protection assures that protective chemicals
clothing such as gloves, eye protection, lab coat,
respirators are worn by all persons when handing
chemicals.
The diagram below shows a student wearing
protective clothing

How do you safely handle chemical fumes?

• Experiments that produce poisonous fumes
must be conducted in a fume cupboard.
• Keep the windows of the laboratory room
open or conduct experiment outside if
necessary.
Rules of chemical handling
• Never touch, sniff, smell or taste chemicals
Handling microorganisms
without the permission from your teacher. Microorganisms such as bacteria are too small to
• Never mix chemicals without the permission be seen without a microscope. Microorganisms
from your teacher, as they could explode. cannot be seen with the naked eye, hence they
• Dispose chemicals properly as instructed by are called microorganisms. Microscope and
your teacher.
magnifying lens are required to observe them.
• If acids and bases get onto your skin wash the
Microorganisms must be treated as potential
affected area immediately with water and
pathogens therefore protective clothing is needed.
notify your teacher.
• Wash your hands after handling chemicals.

3
The diagram below shows the correct procedure of What precautions should be taken when using
viewing microorganisms with a microscope. electricity?
• Keep all electrical wires or codes away from
damp conditions.
• Use correct wire rating.
• Carefully place power cords so that they do
not come in contact with water or chemicals.
Laboratory apparatus
Introduction
How do you safely handle microorganisms?
Laboratory apparatus refer to various tools used
• Never eat or drink in the laboratory while
by scientists or leaners in the laboratory. Tools
working with microorganisms.
are used to either perform an experiment, to
• Wear protective clothing such as disposable
gloves. take measurement or to gather data. Laboratory
• Wash your hands thoroughly with soap after apparatus are important because, without them,
handling microorganisms. working in a laboratory is impossible.

Safe use of electricity Definition

Unsafe use of electricity cause electrical hazards. Laboratory apparatus refer to a collection
Electricity can kill, severely injure people and of equipment used to carryout scientific
cause damage to property hence there is need to experiments, take measurements or to gather data
use electricity safely. in laboratories.

The diagram below shows an electrical hazard Commonly used laboratory apparatus and
their functions
1. Ring stand
Ring stand is a metal stand consisting of a long
rod attached to a heavy rectangular base used
with rings and clamps to support laboratory
equipment. It is used to hold glassware in place
during experiments.
The diagram below shows a ring stand.
What you should not do when using electricity in
the laboratory?
• Never change wiring with circuit plugged into
power source.
• Do not use cables with exposed wires.
• Do not disconnect a power supply by pulling
the cords.

4
2. Laboratory tripod stand The diagram below shows a crucible and crucible
cover
Laboratory tripod stand is a three legged platform
used to support flasks and beakers. Tripods are
usually made of stainless steel or aluminum and
made light weight for efficient portability within
the lab. The three legs of the tripod provide
stability and balance to the equipment placed on
top of it, preventing it from tipping over.
The diagram below shows a laboratory tripod stand
5. Test tube
Test tube is glassware used to hold, mix, or heat
small quantities of chemicals during experiments.
Test tubes are used with clamps when heating
chemicals.
The diagram below shows clamped test tubes

3. Evaporating dish
Evaporating dish is a shallow bowl with flat bottom
and a pour spout. Evaporating dish is used to
separate soluble solids from a solution by allowing
water to evaporate off into the air. The result of
heating a solution in the evaporating dish is a solid 6. Beaker
precipitate or crystals of the dissolved substance
A beaker is a glass cylinder with a flat bottom used
for example separation of salt crystals from a
to hold liquid or solid samples. It is also used as a
solution.
container for chemical reactions. When heating
The diagram below shows an evaporating dish on chemicals it should be padded with asbestos net
wire gauze to prevent it from cracking since it is made of
glass. A beaker is also used to collect filtrates from
filtering operations.
The diagram below shows a beaker

4. Laboratory crucible
Crucible is a container used to heat substances
at extremely high temperatures. Crucible covers
are designed to fit on top of crucibles, helping
to contain the substance and reduce the risk of
spillage or evaporation.
5
7. Volumetric flask The diagram below shows tongs used to hold
glassware
Volumetric flask is a piece of laboratory apparatus
calibrated to contain a precise volume of solution.
The flask is used to measure accurate volume of
liquids. A volumetric flask is more accurate as
compared to a beaker because it is more precise.
Volumetric flasks come in different sizes.
The diagram below shows a volumetric flask

10. Test tube clamp

Test tube clamp is used to hold test tube while
heating contents in the lab.
The diagram below shows a clamped test tube

8. Wire gauze
Wire gauze is a metal wire netting used to suspend
glassware over the burner. It is an essential piece
for supporting glassware since glassware cannot
be directly heated with flames. Wire gauze is fixed 11. Bunsen burner
with asbestos at the center to distribute heat Bunsen burner is a gas burner used to heat
evenly. It is usually placed on a tripod stand as substances during experiments. Different types of
shown below. gas such as methane can be used in the burner.
The diagram below shows wire gauze fixed with The diagram below shows a Bunsen burner.
asbestos placed on a tripod stand

12. Spirit burners

9 Tongs Spirit burner is a small, portable, and simple type
Laboratory tongs are large pincers used for of burner commonly used in laboratories for
grasping and lifting hot vessels or glassware during heating small volumes of liquids or for performing
chemical reactions. They are used to transport hot simple chemical reactions. It consists of a
apparatus and to remove hot lids. container, usually made of brass or glass, which
holds a small amount of liquid fuel such as ethanol
or methanol.

6
The diagram below shows a sprit burner 15. Spatula
Laboratory spatula is a utensil used to mix, pick
and scrap materials in the laboratory. It is usually
used to mix or collect small amount of solid
powder.
The diagram below shows a spatula.

13. Test tube rack

Test tube rack is the equipment used to hold
multiple test tubes upright. It is used to hold
many test tubes filled with chemicals to ease
transportation.
The diagram below shows test tube rack with test 16. Dropper
tubes
A dropper is an instrument used for measuring
and transferring drops of a liquid. A dropper
consists of a long plastic or glass tube with a
rubber bulb at one end, by pressing this rubber
bulb you squeeze out the liquid needed.
The diagram below illustrates how to use a dropper.

14. Funnel
A funnel is used to pour liquids into containers
with small opening. It is also used to hold the filter
paper when separating substances using filtration 17. Cork
method.
Cork is a rubber used to seal vessels or test tubes
The diagram below shows a funnel used to transfer during scientific experiments.
liquids into a container.
The diagram below shows a cork used to seal a test
tube

7
18. Thermometer point where readings are taken. To avoid parallax
error, keep one eye shut and place it vertically
A thermometer is used to measure temperature of
above the point of measurement at an angle of 90
substances in the laboratory.
degrees. To find the scale increment, subtract the
The diagram below shows a thermometer used to values of any two adjacent labeled graduations
measure temperature of water and divide by the number of intervals between
them.

Example
The graduated cylinder below is filled with a liquid.
Write down the reading.

Reading Measuring Instruments

Reading a graduated cylinder
A graduated cylinder is meant to be read with the
surface of the liquid at eye level, where the center Solution
of the meniscus shows the measurement line. The The difference between two adjacent graduations
graduated cylinder should be on a flat and stable is 1ml. The number of intervals is 10 therefore each
platform for the liquid to stabilise. Liquids tend division represents = 0,1ml Therefore the reading is
to curve downward or upward as shown in the 2ml+0,7ml= 2,7ml.
diagram below. How to use electronic balance
Electronic balances have become standard
equipment for more high schools. They allow
the user to quickly and accurately measure the
mass of a substance to a level of accuracy. This
is important in experiments that require precise
amounts of each substance to achieve the desired
results. The popularity of the electronic balance
For downward meniscus always read the is also due to its extreme ease of use at any skill
measurement at the bottom as shown above. level.
For upward meniscus always read at the upper The diagram below shows an electronic balance
side as shown above. Measuring cylinders are
marked in milliliters. There are small markings
in between the larger units called graduation.
Graduated cylinders come in different sizes and
can be marked with different scale increments.
It is important to determine the scale increment
before you begin to take readings. The viewing
angle must be perpendicular to the scale at the

8
The electronic balance has a draft shield, which is ACTIVITIES
a transparent enclosure surrounding the weighing
pan. The purpose of the draft shield is to protect Activity 1
the sample from wind, dust, and other external Discussion
factors that could affect accuracy.
Work in groups of five to identify unsafe behaviour
Steps taken to measure mass using an electronic in the laboratory and suggest ways to overcome
balance such behaviour.
1.  lace the electronic balance on a flat, stable
P
Activity 2
surface in the laboratory.
2. Press the “ON” button and wait for the Individual work
balance to show zeroes on the digital screen.
Print a picture showing laboratory behaviour and
3. Use tongs or gloves to place the empty
circle bad behaviour on the photograph.
container you will use for the substance to
be measured on the balance platform (pan). Activity 3
Tongs are used to avoid fingerprints.
Individual work
4. Press the “Zero” button to automatically
cancel the weight of the container. Design a poster which prohibits unsafe behaviour
5. Carefully add the substance to the container. in the laboratory.
Ideally this is done with the container still
on the platform, but it may be removed if Activity 4 experiment
necessary. Avoid placing the container on Aim: To measure volume of an irregular stone
surfaces that may have substances which will using a graduated cylinder.
add mass to the container such as powders or
grease. Procedure:
6. Place the container with the substance back 1. Half fill a graduated cylinder with water as
on the balance platform if necessary and shown below.
record the mass indicated on the digital
2. Record the initial volume.
display.
3. Immerse the stone gently in water using a
SUMMARY thin thread as shown below.
» Laboratory safety is a collection of appropriate
equipment, adequate training, personal
protective equipment and safe working
conditions.
» Laboratory safety is essential to ensure health
and safety of laboratory occupants.
» Laboratories can be hazardous environments
with various potential risks, including
chemical spills, fire and exposure to hazardous
substances.

4. Wait for the water to settle.

5. Read the new volume.

9
Results and observations 7. Which one of the following is the function of
a test tube rack?
Write your observations.
A. Heating contents in the laboratory.
Calculate the actual volume of the stone. B. Holding liquids in science laboratory.
C. Used to clean inside of test tubes.
D. Holding many test tubes filled with
TOPIC ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS chemicals.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 8. What is the volume of the liquid in the
graduated cylinder shown below?
1. What you should do when you come into a
laboratory room with sweets?
A. Offer some to the teacher.
B. Spit out after the lab is over.
C. Wait until the teacher calls on you.
D. Spit out before the lab begins.
2. What is expected if glassware becomes
chipped or broken?
A. Throw it in the bin.
B. Keep working.
A. 17ml
C. Notify the teacher immediately.
B. 15ml
D. Run to the teacher.
C. 15,5ml
3. To dispose off chemicals______
D .17,5ml
A follow instructions from your teacher.
9. The diagram below shows an apparatus used
B. burn them immediately.
to carrying out scientific experiment.
C. throw them in a trash bin.
D. throw them outside.
4. Which one of the following personal
protective clothing is frequently used in the
laboratory?
A. Face shield.
B Helmet.
C. Safety glasses.
D. Lab coat.
5. The word flammable means_____
A. explosion. The apparatus is_____
B. big flame.
A. a ring stand.
C. starts on fire easily.
B. a tripod stand.
D. edible.
C. a ring clips.
6. Lab aprons can be useful to protect ____
D. a wire gauze.
A. chemicals spilling on shoes.
B. chemicals spilling on clothes. 10. Which physical quantity is measured with the
C. chemicals spilling on the table. help of an electronic balance?
D. chemicals spilling on hands. A. Weight.
B. Time.
C. Volume.
D. Mass.

10
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1. List any two general laboratory rules. [2]
2. State two risks associated with handling chemicals in laboratories. [2]
3. State any two necessary precautions one should take when carrying out experiments which produce
toxic fumes in a laboratory. [2]
4. State any two protective clothing learners should wear when handling microorganisms. [2]
5. Identify any two electrical safety precautions necessary when carrying out experiments using
electricity. [2]
6. State one function for each of the following apparatus.
(a) Spatula. [1]
(b) Wire gauze. [1]
(c) Evaporating dish. [1]

11
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
Biology Section Assessment Test
PAPER 1
Instructions

Do not open until you are told to do so.

Write your name on the answer sheet provided.

INFORMATION

Each correct answer will score one mark. There are fifty questions in this paper. Answer all the questions.
For each question, there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate answer sheet provided.
1. Which one of the following is the best way of keeping a clean test tube after use?
A. Keeping it on the table. B. Keeping it on a test tube clamp.
C. Keeping it in a basin for test tubes. D. Keeping it in a test tube rack.
2. Which one of the following apparatus is used to measure mass of a liquid?
A. Electronic balance. B. Beaker.
C. Measuring cylinder. D. Evaporating dish.
3. Which one of the following is not an essential component of protective clothing kit in the
laboratory?
A. Goggles. B. Socks.
C. Respirator D. Gloves.
4. The diagram below shows the best apparatus used to measure accurate volume of a given solution.

The apparatus shown is the______

A. spirit burner. B. test tube. C. beaker. D. volumetric flask.
5. The apparatus used for grinding granular chemicals in the laboratory include________
A. crucible and watch glass. B. mortar and pestle.
C. hand lens and tongs. D. spatula and tongs.
6. Fuming chemical______
A. react slowly. B. catch fire easily. C. explode. D. produce toxic vapour.
7. Which one of the following apparatus is suitable for transferring large volume of liquids?
A. Beaker. B. Test tube. C. Volumetric flask. D. Evaporating dish.
8. Which set of apparatus are used to heat chemicals?
A. Test tube and evaporating dish. B. Evaporating dish, and crucible.
C. Test tube and tongs. D. Sprit burner and Bunsen burner.

44
9. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. laboratory is a special room designed for conducting chemical tests.
B. laboratory is a special room designed to perform scientific experiments.
C. laboratory is a special room designed for keeping apparatus.
D. laboratory is a special room where data analysis is carried out.
10. The cell structure largely responsible for controlling the entry and exit of substances into and out of
the cell is the______
A. nucleus. B. cytoplasm. C cell wall. D. cell membrane.
11. The selective membrane that identifies a plant cell is the____
A. cytoplasm. B. vocuole. C. cell membrane. D. nuclear membrane.
12. Which one of the following structures protects inner contents of a cell?
A. Cell wall. B. Chloroplast. C. Cell membrane. D. Nucleus.
13. The diagram below shows a plant cell.

Which organelle is represented by the question mark?

A. Cytoplasm. B. Mitochondrion. C. Nucleus. D. Chloroplast.
14. Which features are found in both plant and animal cells?
A. Chloroplast, cell wall and cell membrane. B. Cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.
C. Vacuole, cell membrane and cell wall. D. Cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole.
15. Which one of the following parts controls all the activities of a cell?
A. cell membrane. B. cytoplasm. C. nucleus. D. vacuole.
16. Which one of the following components is essential in humans?
A. Carbohydrates. B. Proteins. C. Vitamins. D. All components.
17. Which components are required for growth and maintenance of the human body?
A. Proteins and water. B. Vitamins and carbohydrates.
C. Minerals and fibre D. Proteins and vitamins.
18. Which one of the following food components provide energy in humans?
A. Proteins. B. Vitamins. C. Minerals. D. Carbohydrates.
19. Which one of the following food sources provides dietary fibre?
A. Mangoes. B. Fresh milk. C. Majarine. D. Peanut oil.
20. Which one of the following food sources provides proteins?
A. Rice. B. Beans. C. Cheese. D. Cucumber.
21. Which mineral is responsible for building strong bones and teeth?
A. Iodine. B. Calcium. C. Iron. D. Sodium.
22. Eggs are rich sources of ______
A. proteins. B. vitamins. C. minerals. D. fibre.
23. Which food source is rich in fats?
A. Rice. B. Beans. C. Cheese. D. Potatoes.

45
24. Which one of the following statements is false about nutrients in milk?
A. Milk is a good source of fibre. B. Milk is a good source of fats.
C. Milk is a good source of water. D. Milk is a good source of proteins.
25. Fruits and vegetables are rich in ______
A. proteins. B. vitamins. C. fats. D. carbohydrates.
26. Which of the following is not a component of balance diet?
A. Fats. B. Fibre. C. Water. D. None.
27. The diagram below shows the bell jar model. Which structure represents the diaphragm?

28. Which one of the following substances is used to test for the presence of oxygen gas?
A. Glowing splint. B. Burning splint. C. Limewater. D. Bicarbonate indicator.
29. Respiration is the______
A. inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide.
B. breaking down of glucose in the presence of oxygen.
C. exchange of respiratory gases.
D. process of expelling gases.
30. Which row in the table below shows raw materials needed for respiration?
Product 1 Product 2
A. Carbon dioxide. Water.
B. Carbon dioxide. Oxygen.
C. Glucose. Oxygen.
D. Oxygen. Water.
31. The process represented by the diagram below is_______

A. inhalation. B. exhalation. C. breathing. D. respiration.

32. Which substance is used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide?
A. Limewater. B. Burning splint. C. Glowing splint. D. Milk.

46
33. What happens to cavity volume inside lungs when inhaling?
A. Increase. B. Decrease. C. Remain the same. D. Increase four
times.
34. The passage of water down the concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane is
known as_____
A. osmosis B. diffusion. C. active uptake D. movement.
35. The diagram below shows how particles move in a liquid.

The process is _______

A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. active uptake. D. dilution.
36. The diagram below shows the process responsible for movement of water particles from region B to
region A.

The process is_______

A. active uptake. B. osmosis. C. diffusion. D. transpiration.
37. The process by which green plants absorb mineral ions against concentration gradient is_____
A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. active uptake. D. transpiration.
38. The diagram below shows components of blood.

Which component is number 2?

A. Platelet. B. White blood cell. C. Red blood cell. D. Plasma.
39. The diagram below shows solid components of blood.

Component X is_____
A. platelets. B. red blood cells. C. white blood cells. D. blood plasma.

47
40. Which one of the following parts produces pollen grains?
A. Ovule.
B. Style.
C. Ovary.
D. Anther.
41. Wind pollinated flower_____
A. has a scent smell.
B. has large sticky pollen grains.
C. has bright coloured petals.
D. has a bushy stigma.
42. All signs below are signs of puberty in males except_____
A. increased muscles and mass.
B. sharp voice.
C. growth of pubic hair.
D. pimples.
43. The diagram below shows an apparatus used to observe characteristics of a flower.

The apparatus shown is a _____

A. bioviwer.
B. microscope.
C. hand lens.
D. sieve.
44. On which part of the flower does pollination takes place ?
A. Anther
B. Filament
C. Stigma.
D. Style.
45. The diagram below shows the process taking place between two plants of the same specie.

The process is_______

A. transportation.
B. fertilisation.
C. self-pollination.
D. cross pollination.

48
46. The diagram below show the process of fertilisation in plants.

Which part forms the zygote?

47. Which method is suitable to dispose non degradable metal cans?
A. Recycling.
B. Burning.
C. Composting.
D. Burying.
48. Which method is best to dispose maize cobs?
A. Composting.
B. Burying.
C. Burning.
D. Recycling.
49. Which practice is not good for personal hygiene?
A. Washing hands with soap after using the toilet.
B. Brushing teeth once a day.
C. Washing hands after handling pets or chemicals.
D Bathing three times a day.
50. Which disease spread by drinking contaminated water?
A. Malaria.
B. Flue.
C. Covid 19.
D. Typhoid.

49
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
Biology Section Assessment Test
PAPER 2
Instructions to candidates

Write your name on the answer sheet.

Answer all questions.

1. a) Identify the apparatus described in each of the following statements.

i) A metal stand consisting of a long rod attached to a heavy rectangular base used with
rings and clamps to support laboratory equipment. [1]
ii) Heating shallow bowl with a flat bottom and a pour spout. [1]
iii) A glass cylinder with a flat bottom used to hold large volumes of liquid or solid
samples. [1]
b) Draw and give one function for each of the following apparatus.
i) Test tube. [2]
ii) Spatula. [2]
c) The following are possible causes of accidents which can occur in the laboratory. State how you
can avoid them.
i) Poisonous chemicals left in an unlocked cupboard. [1]
ii) Exposed electrical wires. [1]
2. a) Identify two structures found in plant cells only. [2]
b) Describe one function of each structure identified in 2(a) above. [2]
c) Briefly outline one difference between cell wall and cell membrane. [1]
d) Outline two similarities between plant and animal cells as seen under a hand lens. [2]
3. Name the part of a cell described in each of the following statements.
a) The semi permeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. [1]
b) The fully permeable membrane that protect the cell. [1]
c) A cellular organelle that contains hereditary information. [1]
d) Site for respiration to provide energy. [1]
e) A jelly like mixture consisting mostly of water, located between the cell membrane and the
nucleus. [1]
4. Draw the structure of a cell and label the parts which perform the following functions
a) Controls all the activities of a cell. [1]
b) Allows passage of some substances in and out of the cell. [1]
5. The diagram below show cells of living organisms.

a) Which one is the structure of cat cell? [1]

b) State two similarities observed in the cells. [2]
c) What are the differences between cat cells and onion cells? [3]

50
6. a) Why is it important to eat a balanced diet? [1]
b) Use your answer sheet to create a nutritional poster to promote healthy diet in schools. [4]
7. a) Describe the difference between osmosis and diffusion. [4]
b) Name two substances transported in plant transport system. [2]
8. a) Describe and explain how water moves into the plant from the soil. [4]
b) Describe the importance of osmosis in plants. [2]
9. a) State the main function of platelets in humans. [1]
b) Name the component of blood described in each of the following statements.
i) The liquid component of blood which transport dissolved nutrients and waste
materials. [1]
ii) Colourless fragments in blood that clots and stops further bleeding. [1]
iii) Disc shaped cells which contains red pigment hemoglobin. [1]
10. a) Define respiration. [2]
b) Identify two respiratory gases. [2]
c) Distinguish percentage composition of inhaled and exhaled air. [4]
11. Describe the test for
a) Carbon dioxide gas. [2]
b) Oxygen gas. [2]
12. a) Define the term breathing. [2]
b) The diagram below shows a model of the breathing mechanism.

Identify respiratory parts represented by R and T? [2]

13. Draw the structure of an insect pollinated flower and label the following parts
a) The part which contains pollen grains. [1]
b) The part where female sex cells are formed. [1]
c) The colourful part of a flower. [1]
14. The diagram below shows the structure of a flower.

51
 a) State the agent of pollination for the flower. [1]
b) Support your answer in part 14a) above. [2]
15. The diagram below shows the process of pollination.

Which type of pollination does the diagram indicates? [1]

16. The diagram below shows the structure of a flower. Label the parts marked 1, 2, and 3. [3]

17. a) Define puberty. [2]

b) Distinguish puberty and adolescence. [2]
18. a) State any two signs of puberty in boys. [2]
b) Which changes are noticeable in girls during puberty? [2]
19. a) Define the term health. [2]
b) State any two aspects of health. [2]
c) Describe each aspect stated above. [2]
20. a) Describe a healthy person. [2]
b) State importance of maintaining personal hygiene. [2]
b) Identify any two good personal hygiene practices. [2]
c) Identify any two ways used to disposing litter in your community. [2]
21. a) State any two advantages of recycling waste materials. [2]
b) State one disadvantage of burning litter as a method of waste disposal. [1]

[TOTAL MARKS 100]

52
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
Biology Section Assessment Test
PAPER 3(PRACTICAL EXAM)
Instruction

Answer all questions

1. a) You are required to measure mass of water and cooking oil.

You are provided with water and cooking oil, 2 beakers labelled A and B, a measuring cylinder
and access to electronic balance.
Measure the mass of empty beaker labelled A , and record the mass in the table below under
the column labeled for water.
Measure the volume of water and pour it into the beaker A.
Record the mass of the water and the beaker in the table of results.
Repeat the procedure using beaker B and cooking oil instead of water.
Mass For water For cooking oil
Mass of empty beaker(g)
Mass of beaker +contents(g)

[12]
b) i) Calculate the mass of water. [2]
ii) Calculate the mass of cooking oil. [2]
c) i) State two possible sources of error in the experiment. [2]
ii) Suggest two ways of improving the experiment. [2]

TOTAL [20]

53
 CHEMISTRY SECTION

Topic 1: Separation.
Topic 2: Matter.
Topic 3: Acids and bases.
Topic 4: Industrial processes.
Topic 5: Oxidation and reduction.
Topic 6: Organic chemistry.
End of chemistry section assessment tests

54
TOPIC
1 SEPARATION

Mixtures
Mixture is a substance formed when two or more
different substances are physically combined
without losing their physical properties for
example a mixture of sand and silt. A mixture is
formed when two or more different substances
are physically combined. A mixture can be
LEARNING OBJECTIVES separated back into original substances.

By the end of this unit, you will be able to; Methods of separation
» Identify different methods of separating 1. Filtration
mixtures. Filtration is used to separate insoluble solids from
» Describe methods of separating mixtures. a liquid, for example, a mixture of water and sand.
The insoluble solids such as sand are collected as
ACTIVITIES
residues while the liquid is collected as the filtrate.
• Carryout experiments to illustrate different A porous filter paper is used since it allows a liquid
methods of separating mixtures. to pass through as the filtrate.
• Construct a model which can be used to
separate a mixture in your classroom. The diagram below shows a filtration setup

Introduction
Separation process is any method that converts
a mixture into two or more distinct substances.
Separation of substances is necessary to obtain
pure substances for domestic and industrial
purposes. Mixtures can be physically separated
using methods that use physical properties to
separate the components.
2. Evaporation
Separation methods Evaporation is used to evaporate off the solvent
Separation method is any process which converts from a solution to obtain dissolved substances, for
a mixture into two or more distinct substances. example, salt from its solution. Water evaporates

55
into the atmosphere and salt crystals remains in substances such as iron fillings are attracted
the evaporating dish. towards the magnet leaving non magnetic
substances separated.
The diagram below shows a set up used to separate
salt from salt solution The diagram below shows magnetism setup

5. Winnowing
Winnowing is used to separate heavier substances
of the mixture from lighter substances with the
help of wind. This method is used to separate
3. Decanting grains from a mixture of grains and husks. Husks
are blown by wind leaving grains separated.
Decanting is used to separate liquids with different
density, for example, a mixture of water and The diagram below shows a winnowing setup
oil. Oil is less dense as compared to water. Oil
is found in the top layer while water is found in
the bottom layer. Oil at the top is transferred by
tilting the beaker into another empty clean beaker.
Decanting is also used to separate insoluble solids
from a liquid as shown below.
The diagram below shows a decanting setup to
6. Sieving
separate mud water
Sieving is the separation of particles from a
mixture based on their difference in particle size
using sieve plates. It is used to separate coarse
particles from finer particles, for example, a
mixture of gravel and silt. Gravel is trapped on
the sieve plate whilst silt passes through the sieve
easily.
Mud settles down at the bottom of the beaker by
The diagram below shows a sieve used to separate
the process of sedimentation. Water at the top
a mixture
is transferred by tilting the beaker into another
empty clean beaker.
4. Magnetism
Magnetism is used to separate magnetic
substances from non-magnetic substances, for
example, iron fillings can be separated from a
mixture of iron fillings and saw dust. Magnetic

56
7 Hand picking third step to form sugar crystals. The crystals are
then separated from the saturated solution and
Hand picking is used to separate a mixture of two
pressed between sheets of a filter paper.
solid substances where one of the components
is small in quantities. Hand picking is used to 9. Sublimation
separate undesirable substances such as small
This method is used to obtain a solid that sublimes
pieces of stone from rice.
(converts from solid state to gaseous state without
The diagram below shows Hand picking process foaming a liquid) upon heating leaving the other
components that are non –sublimable. Examples
of solids that sublime include iodine, ammonium
chloride, camphor, and naphthalene.
The diagram below shows how ammonium chloride
is separated from a mixture.

8. Crystallisation
Crystallisation is the method used to recover
a dissolved substance from its solution. This
method is particularly useful to substances that
decompose upon heating for example sugar. This
is carried out by heating a solution to evaporate
the solvent until it is saturated. The saturated
solution is left to cool, allowing for the substance
to crystalize (form solids).The crystals are filtered Ammonium chloride sublimes, whereas salt does
and pressed between the filter paper. not. Vapour of ammonium chloride cools in the
The diagram below show stages of separating a upper part of the funnel and collected as a solid
dissolved solid using crystallisation. while salt is left in the china dish.
SUMMARY
» Separation processes converts mixtures into
two or more distinct substances.
» Mixture is a substance formed when two
or more different substances are physically
combined.
» Mixtures can be separated back into original
substances.
Sugar is separated from its solution using » Filtration is used to separate insoluble
crystallisation. The first step is to prepare a substances from liquids.
mixture by dissolving sugar in water. The second » Evaporation is used to evaporate off the
step is evaporation of water from sugar solution. A solvent from a solution to obtain dissolved
certain amount of sugar solution in a container is substances.
» Decanting is used to separate liquids with
heated such that the water leaves in form of water
different density.
vapor until the solution is saturated. After heating,
the saturated solution is cooled suddenly in the

57
 » Magnetism is the method used to separate TOPIC ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
magnetic substances from non-magnetic
substances. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
» Winnowing is used to separate heavier 1. Which method is used to separate insoluble
components of the mixture from lighter solids from a liquid?
substances with the help of wind. A. Sublimation.
» Sieving is the process used to separate particles B. Winnowing
from a mixture based on their difference in C. Filtration.
particle size using sieve plates. D. Magnetism.
2. Which one of the following substances is
ACTIVITIES magnetic?
Activity 1 A. Rubber.
B. Plastic.
Individual work C. Iron.
Aim: To separate a mixture of oil and water. D. Wood.
3. Which method is used to separate salt from
Materials: Beaker, water, oil, measuring cylinder, its solution?
stirring rod. A. Sieving.
B. Evaporation.
Procedure: C. Filtration
1. Half fill the beaker with water. D. Magnetism.
2. Add the same amount of oil into the beaker 4. The following substances are mixtures
with water and stir well. except______
3. Leave the oily water to stand still until oil A iron sulfide.
floats on the surface of water. B iron and sulphur.
4. Carefully decant oil into the empty measuring C. maize and wheat.
cylinder by tilting a beaker. D. oil and water.
5. Which method is used to separate two liquids
Questions with different density?
1. Which liquid is denser? A. Sieving.
2. What is the function of the stirring rod? B. Evaporation.
3. Deduce a conclusion. C. Filtration.
D. Decanting.
Activity 2 6. Which one of the following statements is not
correct?
Group work A. Mixtures can be separated back into
Design a model which can be used to separate original substances chemically.
B. Mixtures are formed when two or more
components of muddy water.
different substances physically combine.
C. Mixtures can be separated back into
original substances physically.
D. Mixtures can be separated into two or
more distinct substances.

58
7. Which method is used to separate maize and 8. The diagram below shows a method used to
chaff? separate a mixture in industries.
A. Winnowing.
B. Evaporation.
C. Filtration.
D. Decanting.
8. Which method is used to separate sand and
silt?
A. Sieving.
B. Evaporation.
C. Filtration.
D. Decanting.
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1. a) Define a mixture. [2]
2. Which method is used to separate the
following mixtures? a) Identify the method shown. [1]
a) Iron fillings and mealie meal. [1] b) Identify the liquid substance which is less
b) Sugar solution. [1] dense. [1]
c) Water and oil. [1] 9. The diagram below shows two separation
3. State the applicability of the following methods used to separate a mixture.
methods of separation in daily life.
a) Filtration. [1]
b) Magnetism. [1]
4. a) Which method is applicable to separate
grain and chaff before grinding? [1]
b) Explain your answer. [1]
5. Salt solution is a mixture.
a) Which substance is the solute in the
mixture? [1]
b) Which substance is the solvent in the Identify the methods. [2]
mixture? [1]
6. During an experiment, a leaner accidentally
dropped a cup of iron nails into a mixture of
oil and water. Describe and explain the best
methods that could be used to separate the
mixture into three different substances [4]
7. The table below shows separation techniques
used to separate mixtures.
Complete the table below. [4]
Separation Description of how
technique it works
Magnetism
Winnowing

59
TOPIC
4 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

The diagram below shows the colour of processed

peanut butter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Peanut butter

By the end of this unit, you will be able to; Peanut butter is a food spread produced from dry
» Outline the production of peanut butter. roasted peanuts.
» State uses of peanut butter.
Production of peanut butter
» Outline the production of peanut oil from
peanuts. Smooth Peanut butter is produced after
» State uses of peanut butter oil. completing the production line below.

ACTIVITIES
• Prepare peanut butter using a grinding stone
(Guyo).
• Press peanuts to produce peanut oil.

Introduction
Ground peanuts are important food crops grown
widely in different regions. Peanuts are rich in
1. Cleaning and shelling
proteins, fats and oils, carbohydrates, fibre and
vitamins. Peanut butter is made from roasted Farm residues such as sticks and rock particles are
ground peanuts. Sugar, salt and other additives removed by passing the peanuts over a series of
are added in peanut butter production line. sieves. Peanuts are then passed between series of
Peanut butter is produced on large scale because rollers to shell them. Shelling involves removing
it is highly demanded due to high nutritional peanut shells with the least damage to peanuts.
value. Cracked peanuts from rollers are repeatedly
passed over screens and blowers until all shells are
removed.
71
2. Roasting peanuts Peanuts have high oil content of 45-35%, providing
lots of oil. Peanut oil can be extracted directly
Shelled peanuts are roasted in special ovens at
from clean, shelled peanuts using an oil press
180°c for about 10 minutes. This process destroys
machine.
enzymes in peanuts to prevent bad flavor. Roasting
also enhances the colour of the peanuts. How does the oil press machine works?
3. Blanching The oil extraction machine called oil press or
expeller uses high pressure and heat to squeeze
Machines are used to rub roasted peanuts to
oil out of peanuts. Firstly, peanuts are cleaned to
remove the outer skin around each peanut. The
remove foreign materials. Secondly, peanuts are
result is peanuts that are paler in colour. The
shelled to remove outer covers. Lastly, shelled
process of rubbing peanuts to remove the outer
peanuts are then heated and pressed to extract
skin around peanuts is called blanching.
oil. The oil is filtered in the vacuum filter to
4. Grinding remove solid residues and finally comes out for
Peanuts are then grinded in grinding machines bottling.
until the fine texture is produced. Ingredients such The diagram below shows an oil press machine
as salt sweetener and stabilisers are added. The
stabiliser stops the oil from separating out peanut
butter.
5. Packaging
Smooth peanut butter is cooled and taken to filling
machines where correct amount of peanut butter
is poured into jars. An automatic capping machine
places lid on each jar. The jars are sealed, labeled
Uses of peanut oil
and packed into boxes. Packed jars are easy to
store and the air tight seal help to keep the peanut • Peanut oil is used for cooking.
butter fresh for an extended period. • Peanut oil is used as skin spread.

Production of peanut oil SUMMARY

Peanut oil, also known as groundnut oil is derived » Peanut butter is a food spread made from dry
from peanuts. Peanut oil has a neutral flavor but roasted peanuts.
» Peanuts are rich in proteins, fats and oils,
if made with roasted peanuts a stronger peanut
carbohydrates, fibre and vitamins.
butter flavor is produced.
» Shelling involves removing peanut shells with
The diagram below shows the colour of peanut oil the least damage to peanuts.
» Roasting involves heating peanuts in special
ovens at 180°c for about 10 minutes.
» Blanching is the process of rubbing roasted
peanuts to remove the outer skin around
peanuts.
» Peanuts have high oil content of 45-35%.
» Peanut oil is extracted directly from clean,
shelled peanuts using an oil press machine.

72
Activity 1 3. What is the function of a stabiliser?
A. To stop the oil from separating out
Work in groups to prepare peanut butter using a peanuts.
grinding stone. B. To produce peanuts pale peanuts.
Materials: Winnowing basket, roller, oven , spoon, C. To destroy enzymes in peanuts.
D. To enhance taste.
grinding stone, raw peanuts and clean glass jar.
4. Blanching is the_______
A. process of removing the outer skin around
peanuts.
B. process of heating peanuts in special
ovens.
C. process of removing peanut shells with
hands.
D. process of removing sticks and rock
Procedure particles.
1. Use your hands to shell peanuts. 5. Peanuts are rich in_____________
2. Pour all the peanuts into a winnowing basket A. vitamins
and roll the peanuts gently without breaking. B. water.
3. Winnow the peanuts to remove husk. C. oils.
4. Heat the roster to 180˚c. D. proteins.
5. Place the tray with peanuts into the roster for 6. Which one of the following is the main use of
ten minutes. peanut butter?
6. Allow the peanuts to cool. A. Baking.
7. Grind the peanuts using a grinding stone until B. Skin spread.
smooth peanut butter is produced. C. Coating.
8. Add salt. D. Food spread.
9. Use a spoon to fill the glass jar. 7. Which machine is used to compress oil from
peanuts in industries?
TOPIC ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS A. Roller.
B. Oil press machine.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS C. Compressor.
1. Which industrial process is used to enhance D. Clipping machine.
the colour of peanut butter? 8. Ingredients listed below are added in peanut
A. Grinding. butter production line except______
B. Shelling. A. sweetener.
C. Roasting. B. salt.
D. Packaging. C. stabiliser.
2. Which process results in peanuts which are D. cooking oil.
paler in colour? 9. Shelled peanuts are roasted in special ovens
A. Roasting. at _______
B. Blanching. A. -10 degrees Celsius.
C. Shelling. B. 110 degrees Celsius.
D. Grinding. C. 10 degrees Celsius.
D. 180 degrees Celsius.

73
10. Which one of the following machines is used to prepare peanut butter for domestic use?
A. Oil press.
B. Grinding meal.
C. Grinding stone.
D. Clipping machine.
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1. a) Show the sequence of peanut butter production line. [5]
b) Describe each stage named in 1a) above. [5]
b) State any two uses of peanut oil. [2]
2. a) Define blanching. [1]
b) What is the purpose of roasting peanuts during commercial production of peanut butter? [1]
3. The diagram shows an apparatus used to produce peanut oil.

Name the apparatus. [2]

4. a) State any two additives usually added in peanut butter production line. [2]
b) State two machines which can be used in peanut butter production line at industrial level. [2]
c) State two advantages of packing peanut butter in sealed jars. [2]

74
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
Chemistry Section Assessment Test
PAPER 1
Instructions

Do not open until you are told to do so.

Write your name on the answer sheet provided.

Information

Each correct answer will score one mark. There are fifty questions in this paper. Answer all the questions.
For each question, there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate answer sheet provided.

Additional material: The periodic table

1. Which one of the following separation techniques depend with density?
A. Evaporation. B. Sublimation. C. Magnetism. D. Decanting.
2. Which one of the following separation techniques exploits differences in granular size?
A. Sieving. B. Sublimation. C. Crystallisation. D. Decanting.
3. Which one of the following methods is effective to separate sugar from its solution?
A. Crystallization. B. Evaporation. C. Magnetism. D. Decanting.
4. The diagram below shows a method used to separate a mixture.

The method is______

A. winnowing. B. sublimation. C. magnetism. D. evaporation.
5. Which technique is used to separate insoluble solid particles from a liquid by passing the mixture
through a porous barrier?
A. Filtration. B. Evaporation. C. Sublimation. D. Crystallization.
6. Which industrial technique is used to separate salt from seawater?
A. Filtration. B. Sieving C. Evaporation. D. Decanting.
7. Which technique is used to separate mixtures with the influence of wind?
A. Filtration. B. sieving. C. Evaporation. D. Winnowing.

83
8. Which one of the following methods is used to separate solutes dissolved in a solvent?
A. Evaporation. B. Filtration. C. Winnowing. D. Sublimation.
9. What is matter?
A. Anything that occupies space.
B. Substance formed when two elements physically mix.
C. Substance formed when two elements chemically combine.
D. Anything in solid state.
10. In which state of matter does particles possess least kinetic energy?
A. Solid. B. Liquid. C. Gas. D. None.
11. What happens to particles in matter when changing from solid to gaseous state?
A. They move more slowly and come closer together.
B. They move more slowly and spread out.
C. They move more rapidly and come closer together.
D. They move more rapidly and spread out.
12. Which state of matter takes the shape of the container?
A. Solid. B. Liquid. C. Gas. D. None.
13. Which state of matter fill the entire space available ?
A. Solid. B. Liquid. C. Gas. D. None.
14. The diagram below shows arrangement of particles in three states of matter.

Which statement is true?

A. Solids take the shape of the container. B. Gas particles are closely packed.
C. Gases have a fixed volume. D. Gas particles expand to fill available space.
15. The diagram below shows a set up used to dissolve a solute.

Which one of the following factors affects the solubility of the solute?
A. Particle size. B. Weight. C. Mass. D. Colour.
16. What happens to solubility of solids if temperature increases?
A. Decreases. B. Increases. C. Remains unchanged. D. Increases twice.
17. Which factor does not affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent?
A. Particle size of the solute. B. Stirring.
C. Colour intensity of the solute. D. Temperature of the solvent.
18. Which one of the following substances is pure ?
A. Oxygen. B. Carbon dioxide. C. Salt solution. D. Iron sulphate.
19. What is a compound?
A. Substance made up of two elements chemically combined.
B. Mixture of two or more elements.
C. Substance made up of identical atoms.
D. Substance in solution.

84
20. Which one of the following is a compound?
A. Sugar solution B. Salt solution. C. Magnesium oxide. D. Magnesium.
21. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. Elements can be separated into simpler substances.
B. Elements have varying components.
C. Elements consist of two or more types of atoms.
D. Elements are made up of identical atoms.
22. Which term refers to a substance composed of two or more different elements chemically
combined?
A. Element. B. Compound. C. Mixture. D. Solution.
23. The diagram below shows the periodic table of elements.

How many periods and groups are present in the periodic table?
A. 7 periods and 8 groups. B. 8 periods and 7 groups.
C. 8 periods and 9 groups. D. 8 periods and 8 groups.
24. Which one of the following substances is acidic in nature?
A. Soap. B. Distilled water. C. Baking soda D. Battery liquid.
25. Which one of the following substances turns red litmus blue?
A. Battery acid. B. Distilled water. C. Tooth paste. D. Lemon juice.
26. A solution with pH of 7.0 is________
A. alkaline. B. completely acidic. C. neutral. D. acidic.
27. Which one of the following substances is alkaline in nature?
A. Fizzy juicy. B. Distilled water. C .Tooth paste D. Lemon juice.
28. Which one of the following values is the maximum pH value?
A. –7 B. 14. C. –14.5 D. 12.0
29. Which one of the following substances has a neutral pH value?
A. Soap. B. Distilled water. C. Fizzy drink. D. Lemon juice.
30. The diagram below shows the pH scale.

Which pH value is completely acidic?

A. 0 B. 7.0 C. 12.6 D. 8.2

85
31. Which one of the following is the property of alkali solutions?
A. They are fizzy. B. They turn blue litmus paper red.
C. They have sour taste. D. They feel soapy.
32. which one of the following substances is the indicator?
A. Water. B. Universal. C. Toothpaste . D. Sulphuric acid.
33. Sour milk is ____
A. acidic. B. basic. C. neutral . D. alkaline.
34. Which one of the following is the main use of peanut butter?
A. Baking. B. Skin spread. C. Cooking. D. Food spread.
35. Which machine is used to extract oil from peanuts?
A. Grinding mill. B. Oil press. C. Roller. D. Clipping machine.
36. All the ingredients below are added in peanut butter except_____
A. sweetener. B. salt. C. stabiliser. D. cooking oil.
37. Shelled peanuts are roasted in special ovens at _____
A. –10°C B. 10 ˚C C. 10°C D. 180˚C
38. Which machine is used to prepare peanut butter for domestic use?
A. Oil press. B. Grinding meal. C. Grinding stone. D. shelling machine.
39. Which method is used to prevent rust on surfaces of jewelleries?
A. Electroplating. B. Galvanising. C. Painting. D. Oiling.
40. Oxidation is the_____
A. addition of nitrogen. B. addition of hydrogen.
C. removal of oxygen. D. addition of oxygen.
41. Which one of the following is the oxidising agent?
A. Nitrogen. B. Carbon. C. Magnesium oxide. D. Argon.
42. Which one of the following is the product of rusting?
A. Carbon dioxide. B. Iron (III) oxide. C. Iron. D. Oxygen.
43. Which process is prevented by galvanising metals?
A. Decomposition. B. Oxidation. C. Reduction. D. Electroplating.
44. The diagram below shows a reddish brown substance on surfaces of iron chain.

The substance is______

A. sodium oxide. B. iron (III) oxide. C. carbon dioxide. D. carbon monoxide.
45. Galvanising is______
A. the process of coating iron with metals using electricity.
B. the process of applying protective zinc coating on surfaces of metals.
C. the process of applying a thin coat of paint to prevent rust.
D. the process of applying oil on movable parts to prevent rust.
46. Which one of the following substances is not necessary for rust to occur?
A. Water. B. Oxygen.
C. Moisture. D. Anhydrous calcium chloride.

86
47. Which substance is used as a drying agent?
A. Oil.
B. Water.
C. Oxygen.
D. Anhydrous calcium chloride.
48. Which element is used to galvanise metals ?
A. Iron.
B. Zinc.
C. Carbon.
D. steel.
49. The diagram below shows a method used to prevent rust. The method is______

A. painting.
B. galvanising.
C. electroplating.
D. oiling.
50. Name the chemical process in which fire wood react with oxygen to give out heat?
A. Combustion.
B. Reduction.
C. Popping.
D. Rusting.

87
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
Chemistry Section Assessment Test
PAPER 2
Instructions To Candidates
Write your name on the answer sheet.
Answer all questions.

Additional material: Periodic table.

1. The diagram below shows a technique used to separate two solid substances.

a) Identify the technique and explain briefly how it works. [2]

b) Name any two other techniques that can be used to separate two solid substances. [2]
c) What is sieving and where is it employed? [2]
2. Name the technique used to separate each of the following mixtures.
a) Sugar solution. [1]
b) Iodine and sand. [1]
c) Oil and water. [1]
d) Sand and husk. [1]
e) Sugar and silk. [1]
f) Rice and salt. [1]
3. a) Explain how sand is separated from a mixture of sand and water? [2]
b) Explain the significance of separating mixtures. [1]
4. a) Define matter. [2]
b) List three states of matter. [3]
5. Describe the difference between solids and gases in terms of
a) Kinetic energy. [1]
b) Particle arrangement. [1]
6. Define the following terms
a) Element. [2]
b) Mixture. [2]

88
7. The diagram below shows four elements in the periodic table.

Use information above to answer the following questions.

a) Which period is element 2 located? [1]
b) Which group is element 4 located? [1]
c) Describe the location of element 2? [1]
8. a) State four ways which can be used to increasing solubility of potassium permanganate
crystals. [3]
b) State any two other solutes. [2]
9. a) State the first element in the periodic table. [1]
b) State two metals which are found in the periodic table. [2]
10. a) Name the compound formed when sulphur is heated with iron. [1]
b) Distinguish mixtures and compounds. [2]
11. a) Name any two elements situated in group one. [2]
b) Which group of elements is found to the far right side of the periodic table? [1]
12. The diagram below shows arrangement of particles in three states of matter.

a) Identify each state of matter. [3]

b) With reference to the diagram relate each state of matter to its shape. [3]
13. a) Define the following term.
i) Acid. [1]
ii) Base. [1]
b) In terms of taste, differentiate acids and bases. [2]
14. Classify the following substances into acids, bases and neutral substances. Vinegar, water, lemon
Juice, tooth paste, hood ash solution, distilled water and soapy water. [5]
15. Acids are said to have a sour taste. Why is it advisable to use indicators rather than to taste with a
tongue? [1]

89
16. a) What is an indicator? [1]
b) Name two examples of indicators. [2]
a) Describe the term universal indicator. [2]
b) State one advantage of using universal indicator over the litmus taste when testing acid-base
nature of substances. [1]
17. a) What is an alkali? [1]
b) Name two examples of alkalis. [2]
c) Name the acids found in lemon fruit. [1]
d) State the colour of the universal indicator in distilled water. [1]
18. a) State three properties of acids. [3]
b) State three properties of bases. [3]
19. What is the pH range for acids? [1]
20. a) Define blanching. [1]
b) What is the purpose of roasting peanuts during peanut butter production line? [1]
c) Describe how peanut butter oil is produced directly from shelled peanuts. [3]
21. a) State any two additives added in peanut butter production line. [2]
b) State two machines which can be used to produce peanut butter at industrial level. [2]
c) State two advantages of packing peanut butter. [2]
22. Describe any two methods used to prevent rust. [4]
23. What is the name of the chemical reaction that causes rusting. [1]
24. The diagram below shows an electrolytic cell.

a) Name the process shown above. [1]

b) Identify the electrolyte. [1]
c) Name the anode [1]
d) Identify the metal being coated. [1]
25. a) State any two forms of fuel. [2]
b) State any two examples of gaseous fuels. [2]
26. a) Define the term combustion. [1]
b) Which gas is necessary for combustion to take place? [1]
c) State two gases produced from combustion of fuels. [2]

90
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
Chemistry Section Assessment Test
PAPER 3(PRACTICAL EXAM)
Instruction

Answer all questions

1. You are required to determine acid –base nature of two liquids P (sodium bicarbonate) and Q
(lemon juicy). You are provided with the two liquids in test tubes labelled P and Q, red litmus paper
and blue and litmus paper.
a) i) Dip red litmus paper in liquid P and dip blue litmus paper in liquid Q, Rerecord your
results in the table below.

Liquid Colour of litmus paper Colour change after Acid -base nature
before dipping dipping of liquid
P
Q
[12]
ii) State the colour of the litmus paper used to test for alkaline solutions. [1]
b) Apart from using the litmus paper describe another way of determining the acid – base nature
of liquids P and Q, stating the expected results for each liquid. [5]
c) i) state any one precaution that should be taken during the this experiment. [1]
ii) State one possible risk in the experiment. [1]

TOTAL MARKS [20]

91
 PHYSICS SECTION

Topic 1: Data presentation.

Topic 2: Measurement.

Topic 3: Force.

Topic 4: Energy.

Topic 5: Magnetism.

Topic 6: Electricity.

End of chemistry section assessment tests

92
TOPIC
1 DATA PRESANTATION

What is data analysis in science?

Data analysis is the process of breaking complex
data into parts to gain better understanding .The
purpose of data analysis is to gain meaningful
insights from raw data to support decision-
making, identify patterns, and extract valuable
information.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Ways to present data
By the end of this unit, you will be able to;
• Tallies.
» Present data inform of tallies, tables and bar
• Tables.
graphs.
• Bar graphs.
» Interpret data presented in form of tallies,
tables and bar graphs. Tally

ACTIVITIES Tallying is a way of recording data in groups of five.

• Collect scientific data around your school. Description

• Display data in form of tallies, tables and Count 1 is represented by a vertical line. Count
graphs. 4 is represented by four vertical lines. Count 5
is represented by four vertical lines plus a line
Introduction crossing all the four lines.
Data presentation is the process of presenting The diagram below shows a table incorporated with
data with visual aids such as graphs. The purpose a tally system
of presenting results from experiments in form
of tables and graphs is to make data analysis and
interpretation easy.

Definition
Data presentation is the process of presenting
data with visual aids such as graphs. Advantages of tallies
• Easy to interpret.
• Easy to read.
• Easy to create.

93
Disadvantages of tallies Bars can be depicted vertically or horizontally. Bars
• They cannot be used to present lager volumes provide a visual representation of quantities in
of data, for example, it will be a lot of work to various categories.
count to 20 000. Steps to draw a bar graph
• Tallies are only used to present whole
numbers. 1. Insert a tittle.
2. Draw x and y axis.
Table 3. Label both axis (the dependent variable on
the y axis and the independent variable on
Data table is a range of cells in which different
the x axis).
values, text and dates are inserted.
4. Choose suitable scale to accommodate the
Tables have horizontal rows and vertical columns highest and lowest value.
as shown below. 5. Plot the values accurately using faint dots.
6. Draw bars of the same width. The dots should
The table below shows number of fruits in a basket be at the middle of the top line.The distance
Type of Lemon 0range Tomato Ginger Cucumber between bars should be equall.
fruit 7. Insert a key or index if required.
Number 10 7 6 7 2
The bar graph below displays mark scored by a form
Analysis and interpretation one student in each subject
Lemons have the highest number, followed
by oranges and ginger with the same number.
Cucumbers have the least number.
Advantages of presenting data in form of a table
• Tables provide precise values and allow
comparison.
• Tables can display large amount of data.
• Tables are easy to understand and interpret.
Disadvantages of presenting data in form of a
table
• Tables can become complex and difficult to
understand when they contain too much
data. Interpretation of the graph
• Lack of visual appeal as compared to Maths is depicted by the bar with the highest
graphical presentations. height and as a result the highest mark was scored
• Difficult in spotting trends or changes. in maths exam. Science is illustrated by the bar
Bar graph with the shortest height and as a result the lowest
mark was scored in science exam.
Bar graph is the graphical presentation of data,
quantities or numbers using bars. Bar graphs Advantages of a simple bar graph
display data in form of rectangular bars with • Easy to construct.
heights proportionate to the value they represent. • Easy to interpret.
• Easy to read.
• Give clear visual impression.

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Disadvantages 2. Which other way of data presentation is
shown in the table?
• Poor choice of scale may cause exaggeration
A. Bar graph.
of bars.
B. Line graph.
• Unsuitable when values exist in continuity.
C. Tally.
SUMMARY D. Pie chart.
3. The percentage of students who study
» Data presentation is the process of presenting
science is_______
data with visual aids.
A. 32, 5%
» The purpose of presenting results from
B. 0,325%
experiments into graphs, tables and graphs is
C. 100%
to make interpretations easy.
D. 50%
» Ways to present data are tallies, tables and bar
4. The number of students in the class is
graphs.
______
» Tallying is a way of recording data in groups of
A. 12
five.
B. 13
» Table is a range of cells in which different
C. 9
values, text and dates are inserted.
D. 40
» Bar graph is the graphical presentation of
5. Which subject has the lowest number of
data, quantities or numbers using bars.
students?
A. Science.
Activity
B. Technology.
Group work C. Maths.
1. a) Conduct a survey in your classroom to find D. English.
out the relationship between age and shoe 6. The number of students who study science
size. Tabulate your data. is_______
A. 13
b) Show your findings on a bar chart.
B. 7
C. 9
TOPIC ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
D. 11
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 7. Tallying is______
A. the process of presenting data using a
1. Which one of the following ways is not used
table.
to present data with decimal numbers?
B. the process of presenting data in range of
A. Line graph.
cells.
B. Bar graph.
C. the process of recording data in groups of
C. Tally.
five.
D. None of the above.
D. the process of presenting data using bars.
Answer questions 2 to 6 using the table below. 8. Which one of the following statements is
The table below shows number of students who excluded as the advantage of presenting data
study different subjects in form of a simple bar graph?
A. Easy to construct.
B. Suitable when values exist in continuity.
C. Easy to interpret.
D. Gives a clear visual impression.

95
9. Which one of the following is independent to age?
A. Height.
B. Shoe size.
C. Mass.
D. Gender.
10. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Tally is always used with a table.
B. Data presentation is the process of presenting data with visual aids.
C. Tallying is a way of recording data in groups of five.
D. Table is a range of cells in which different values, text and dates are inserted.
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1. The graph below shows different colours of cloth preferred by student in a class.

a) What is the total number of students in the class? [1]

b) Which colour is preferred most? [1]
c) State one other way which can be used to present data given above. [1]

96
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
CHEMISTRY SECTION ASSESSMENT TEST
PAPER 1
Instructions
Do not open until you are told to do so. Write your name on the answer sheet provided.

Information

Each correct answer will score one mark. There are fifty questions in this paper. Answer all the questions.
For each question, there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate answer sheet provided.
1. How many variables does a bar graph accommodate?
A. Two. B. One. C. Many. D. Three.
2. The table below shows different types of animals in the enclosure.

ANIMAL TYPE NUMBER

Buffalo 3
Elephant 13
Kudu 5
Zebra 4
Leopard 25
What is the percentage number of leopards?
A. 10% B. 30% C. 50% D.25%
3. The arrangement of data in rows and column is______
A. classification. B. tabulation. C. grouping. D. distribution.
4. Which method is suitable to present complex information for variables which changes over a long
period of time?
A. Tally. B. Table. C. None. D. Bar graph.
5. Which statement is correct?
A. The independent variable changes due to change in the correspondent variable.
B. The dependent variable does not change due to change in the correspondent variable.
C. The dependent variable change after a given change in another variable.
D. The dependent variable alters other variables to change.
6. Which one of the following is the advantage of presenting information in form of a multiple bar
graph?
A. Easy to draw. B. Easy to analyse.
C. Easy to interpret. D. Accommodates larger quantities of data.
7. The type of error in which the electronic balance gives a reading when the pan is empty is______
A. parallax error. B. zero error. C. accounting error. D. estimation error.
8. There might be an error in reading if the eye position is not proper. This error is known as_______
A. parallax error. B. zero error. C. instrumental error. D. none of the above.
9. While taking readings on a graduated instrument what should be the position of your eye?
A. 20 degrees B. 30 degrees C. 90 degrees D. 45 degrees

122
10. Mass can be measured with the help of _______
A. an electronic balance. B. a force meter. C. a spring balance. D. a stopwatch.
11. The diagram below shows length X-Y measured using a ruler.

Length X-Y is________

A. 1,0 cm B. 3,3cm C. 4,3cm D. 5cm
12. The electronic balance has a positive zero error of 20g.Tadiwa placed a pocket of crushed silver
powder on the pan and the reader deflected to 250g. The actual mass of the pocket was______
A. 10g B. 20g C. 250g D. 230g
13. Which one of the following is not a physical quantity?
A. Mass. B. Time. C. Length. D. Kilograms.
14. The maximum distance which can be measured by a meter rule is_____
A. 0.1m B.1.0cm C. 10m D. 100cm
15. 25grames is equivalent to_____
A. 0, 25kg B. 2,5kg C. 0,025kg D. 0,0025kg
16. Which one of the following is the SI unit of time?
A. Second. B. Minute. C. Hour. D. Day.
17. Which one of the following effects is not the effect of force?
A. Causes rotation. B. Causes movement.
C. Stretch elastic objects. D. Reduces temperature.
18. Which one of the following is a contact force?
A. Gravitational. B. Magnetic. C. Friction. D. Electostatic.
19. Which one of the following is the SI unit of force?
A. Newton. B. Grams. C. kelvin. D. Meter per second.
20. The diagram below shows a book on the table.

Which force does the book possess?

A. Friction force. B. Magnetic force. C. Gravitational force. D. Electrostatic force.
21. Which one of the following quantities is measured in Newton?
A. Elasticity B. Mass. C. Weight. D. Distance.
22. Which instrument is used to measure force?
A. Spring balance. B. Beam balance. C. Stopwatch. D.Gas syringe.
23. Which type of force act between charged insulators?
A. Friction. B. Mechanical. C. Electrostatic. D.Gravity.

123
24. Which one of the following effects is the effect of compressional force?
A. Repelling of objects. B. Increase in mass of objects.
C. Increase in volume of objects. D. Deformation of objects.
25. Which type of force opposes motion all the time?
A. Gravitational force. B. Frictional force.
C. Magnetic force. D. Electrostatic force.
26. Which force is applied to stretch elastic objects?
A. Tensional force. B. Compression force.
C. Electrostatic force. D. Repulsive force.
27. Which form of energy is associated with motion of objects?
A. Thermal energy. B. Kinetic energy.
C. Chemical energy. D. Light energy.
28. Which form of energy is stored in bonds between atoms and molecules?
A. Thermal energy. B. Mechanical energy.
C. Chemical energy. D. Electrical energy.
29. Which type of energy is related to flow of electric charges in a conductor?
A. Thermal energy. B. Mechanical energy.
C. Chemical energy. D. Electrical energy.
30. Which form of energy is associated with random motion of particles in a substance?
A. Thermal energy. B. Kinetic energy. C. Chemical energy. D. Elastic energy.
31. Which type of energy is associated with objects above the ground level ?
A. Thermal. B. Kinetic. C. Chemical. D. Gravitational.
32. Which form of energy is released by burning fossil fuels?
A. Nuclear. B. Chemical. C. Electric. D. Heat.
33. What happens in solar station?
A. Electric energy is converted to potential.
B. Gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic.
C. Wind energy is converted to electrical energy.
D. Radiation is converted to electrical energy.
34. Which form of energy is released from a fire place?
A. solar energy. B. thermal energy.
C. elastic potential energy. D. gravitational potential energy.
35. The diagram below shows magnetic field lines of a bar magnet.

Which part of a magnet has the strongest magnetic effect?

A. North pole. B. Uperside. C. Center. D. Underside.
36. What happens to opposite poles of magnets when brought closer?
A. Repel each other. B. Attract each other.
C. Create new magnetic poles D. Neutralise.

124
37. What happens to the number of magnetic poles when a magnet is broken to form pieces?
A. Remains the same. B. Increases. C. Decreases. D. Neutralise.
38. What is the magnetic field?
A. The force of attraction between two magnets.
B. The space around a magnet where its magnetic influence can be felt.
C. The number of poles in a magnet.
D. The strength of a magnet.
39. The diagram below shows two magnets aligned side by side.

What happens when the magnets are brought closer?

A. They repel each other. B. They attract each other.
C. They change poles. D. They become neutral.
40. Which direction does the compass needle align itself on the earth’s surface?
A. North-south position. B. North -east position.
C. South- west position. D. South -east position.
41. Which instrument is used to detect magnetic field lines around a bar magnet?
A. Ruler. B. Compass. C. Iron rod. D. Protractor.
42. Which one of the following units is the unit for current?
A. Ohm. B. Volt. C. Ampere. D. Joule.
43. The diagram below shows an electrical component.

The electrical component is_______

A. a battery. B. a lamp. C. a cell. D. a resistor.
44. The diagram below shows two electrical charges.

Which force is exerted between the charges?

A. Electrostatic. B. Magnetic. C. Tension. D. Compression.

125
45. Polythene rod was rubbed with a cloth and the cloth becomes positively charged.
Which statement describes the transfer of charge?
A. Electrons transferred from the cloth to the polythene.
B. Electrons transferred from the polythene to the cloth.
C. Positive charges transferred from the cloth to the polythene.
D. Positive charges transferred from the polythene to the cloth.
46. Which one of the following components is not an electric component in a DC power supply?
A. Resistor. B. Bulb.
C. Conducting wire. D. Compass needle.
47. Which material is charged by rubbing?
A. Copper.
B. Iron.
C. Zinc.
D. Silk.
48. Which instrument is used to measure the magnitude of current?
A. Ammeter.
B. Voltmeter.
C. Manometer.
D. Ohmmeter.
49. The diagram below shows an electrical component.

The electrical component is_____

A. a closed switch.
B. a Lamp.
C. an open switch.
D. a resistor.
50. The diagram below shows an electrical component.

The electrical component is the ___

A. ammeter.
B. lamp.
C. voltmeter.
D. resistor.

126
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
PHYSICS SECTION ASSESSMENT TEST
PAPER 2
Instructions to candidates

Write your name on the answer sheet.

Answer all questions.

1. a) Define the term data. [1]

b) State any two ways commonly used to present data in the field of physics. [2]
2. The list below shows mode of transport used by ten student to get to school.
Walk, bike, walk, bus, walk, bike, bike, bus, train, train.
Display information given above using a tally chart. [3]
3. The table below shows number of consumers polled with respect to fauvourite ice cream flavour.
Flavour of ice cream Number of consumers
Vanilla 2
Strawberry 8
Chocolate 12
Mint chocolate 4
Others 6
Draw a bar graph to present information given above. [5]
4. The table below shows favourite colours suggested by form one students.
Favorite colour Red Green Blue Yellow Orange
Number of students 45 17 50 48 40

a) Which colour is mostly preferred ? [1]

b) How many students were in the class? [1]
5. The diagram below shows an electronic balance with an empty pan. The reading on the scale is
100,000g.

a) Which type of error is most likely to occur when using the electronic balance shown? [1]
b) Describe the error. [1]

127
6. The diagram below shows three reading positions on a ruler.

Suggest which position is correct and explain your answer. [2]

7. a) Define the term force. [2]
b) State the SI unit of force? [1]
c) Name the instrument used to measure the magnitude of force. [1]
8. a) State two types of contact force. [2]
b) State two types of non-contact force. [2]
9. a) Define friction force. [2]
b) Which direction does friction force act? [2]
c) Describe factors which affect magnitude of friction force. [4]
d) Suggest ways used to reduce friction force. [3]
10. a) State any four effects of force. [4]
b) Which force causes leaf fall? [1]
11. Identify the form of energy described in each of the following statements.
a) Energy possessed by an object due to its motion. [1]
b) Energy possessed by heating objects. [1]
c) Energy associated with an object’s position above the ground. [1]
d) Energy stored in objects that can be stretched or compressed. [1]
12. a) The diagram below shows a metal box on the table.

Name the type of force possessed by the box. [1]

b) State any two other types of force. [2]
13. a) state the law of energy conservation. [2]
b) State any two examples of energy converters. [2]
c) State the SI unit for energy. [1]
14. a) Define the term magnetism. [2]
b) State any two magnetic materials. [2]
c) State one nonmagnetic material. [1]

128
15. a) State the law of magnetism. [2]
b) Name the instrument used to denote the north pole of a magnet. [1]
c) State two daily life uses of magnets. [2]
16. a) Define the term magnetic field? [2]
b) The diagram below shows the procedure used to explore magnetic field patterns of a magnet
using a compass needle.

Describe and explain the procedure. [4]

17. a) Describe the Earth in terms of poles. [2]
b) Which direction does the arrows on magnetic field lines point from? [1]
c) Draw magnetic field lines of a bar magnet and indicate regions with weak and strong
magnetic force. [4]
d) Why does a magnetic compass needle always point north and south direction? [1]
18. a) List any two types of electrical charges. [2]
b) Define current. [2]
19. a) Describe the difference between static electricity and current electricity. [4]
b) State any two examples of insulators. [2]
20. The diagram below shows charged insulators.

a) Describe and explain how the insulators were charged? [3]

b) State the type of force between the insulators. [1]
c) Explain what happens if the insulators are brought closer to each other. [2]
d) State two electrical conductors. [2]

Total[100 marks]

129
COMBINED SCIENCE NATIONAL EXAM
PHYSICS SECTION ASSESSMENT TEST
PAPER 3 [PRACTICAL EXAM]
Instruction

Answer all questions

1. Y ou are required to draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet. You are provided with a bar
magnet, sheet of white paper, drawing board, adhesive material, pencil and directional compass.
Procedure
1. Take the bar magnet on a sheet of white paper fixed on a drawing board, using some adhesive
material.
2. Mark the boundary of the magnet.
3. Place the north pole of the compass directed away from the north pole of the magnet.
4. Mark the position of two ends of the needle.
5. Now move the needle to a new position such that its south pole occupies the position previously
occupied by its north pole.
6. Proceed step by step till you reach the south pole of the magnet.
7. Joiin all the marks to show the magnetic field line.
Questions
a) Show the boundary of the magnet, magnetic field line, and the direction of force on the
paper. [12]
b) State two properties of magnets. [2]
c) i) Use background information to draw another diagram with more magnetic field
lines. [3]
ii) On the diagram show regions with weak and strong magnetic force. [3]

TOTAL [20]

130