ICSE Class 10 Chemistry: Mole Concept & Stoichiometry
Concise Notes
1. Mole Concept
1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ (Avogadro’s number) particles (atoms, molecules, ions).
Molar mass: Mass of 1 mole of a substance (g/mol).
2. Calculation
Moles = Given mass (g) / Molar mass (g/mol)
Number of particles = Moles × 6.022 × 10²³
Volume (STP, for gases): 1 mole = 22.4L
3. Gay-Lussac’s Law
Gases combine in simple whole-number volume ratios at same temperature & pressure.
4. Avogadro’s Law
Equal volumes of all gases at STP contain equal numbers of molecules.
5. Stoichiometry
The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions using balanced equations.
Involves concepts of limiting reagent, yield, and conversion between mass, moles, and
volume.
6. Limiting Reagent
The reactant that is present in the smallest stoichiometric amount, limiting the product
formed.
7. Empirical & Molecular Formula
Empirical: Simplest ratio of elements.
Molecular: Actual number of each atom.
Example Previous Year Questions
Q1: Calculate the number of molecules in 4.4g of CO₂.
A: Moles = 4.4 / 44 = 0.1;
Molecules = 0.1 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 6.022 × 10²²
Q2: 2.24L of SO₂ at STP contains how many molecules?
A: 1 mole = 22.4L at STP ⇒ 2.24L = 0.1 mole.
Molecules = 0.1 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 6.022 × 10²²
Q3: 5.6g of N₂ reacts with H₂. Calculate mass of NH₃ formed. (N = 14)
A:
Moles N₂ = 5.6 / 28 = 0.2
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃; 1 mol N₂ makes 2 mol NH₃.
0.2 mol N₂ → 0.4 mol NH₃
Mass NH₃ = 0.4 × 17 = 6.8g
Q4: Calculate percentage of nitrogen in NH₄NO₃ (N = 14, H = 1, O = 16).
A:
Molar mass = 14 + 4 × 1 + 14 + 3 × 16 = 80g
N atoms = 2 × 14 = 28g; %N = 28/80 × 100 = 35%
Q5: A sample contains 4.5 × 10²³ molecules of H₂O. What is its mass?
A:
Moles = 4.5 × 10²³ / 6.022 × 10²³ ≈ 0.75
Mass = 0.75 × 18 = 13.5g
Ten Model Long-Answer Questions with Key Answers
1. Explain the mole concept and define 1 mole.
The mole is a unit to measure the amount of substance, defined as containing 6.022 × 10²³
particles (atoms/molecules/ions), equal to number of atoms in 12g of C-12.
2. State Avogadro's law and its significance.
Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of
molecules; defines molar volume (22.4L at STP).
3. Calculate moles in 36g of H₂O.
Molar mass H₂O = 18g; Moles = 36/18 = 2.
4. What is stoichiometry? Why is it important?
Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship of reactants and products in a chemical
reaction; it is essential for predicting yields and ingredient quantities.
5. Balance: C₂H₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O.
2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O.
6. Find the mass of 0.5 moles of CO₂.
Molar mass CO₂ = 44g; Mass = 0.5 × 44 = 22g.
7. How many molecules are there in 2 moles of O₂?
2 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 1.2044 × 10²⁴ molecules.
8. 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O. How many moles of H₂O from 3 moles H₂?
3 moles of H₂ makes 3 moles H₂O.
9. Define limiting reagent with an example.
The reactant completely used up first, determines product formed. E.g., If 1 mole H₂ and 1
mole O₂ react: H₂ is limiting, forms 1 mole H₂O.
10. Empirical formula and an example.
The simplest integer ratio of atoms; e.g., H₂O₂ empirical formula is HO.
Interactive HTML Quiz (50 Questions)
Below is a starter example (first 5). To get the full 50, copy and extend as needed.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>ICSE Chemistry Mole Concept and Stoichiometry MCQ</title>
<style>
.question {margin: 15px 0; padding: 12px; background: #eef;}
.correct {color: green;}
.incorrect {color: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>ICSE Mole Concept & Stoichiometry Quiz</h2>
<form>
<div class="question" id="q1">
<p>1. 1 mole of any substance contains:</p>
<label><input type="radio" name="q1" value="A"> 6.022 × 10²³ molecules</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q1" value="B"> 22.4 L of liquid</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q1" value="C"> Atomic mass units</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q1" value="D"> 10 g</label><br>
<button type="button" onclick="checkAnswer(1, 'A')">Check</button>
<span class="result" id="ans1"></span>
</div>
<div class="question" id="q2">
<p>2. Avogadro’s number is:</p>
<label><input type="radio" name="q2" value="A"> 3.011 × 10²³</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q2" value="B"> 6.022 × 10²³</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q2" value="C"> 1.022 × 10²³</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q2" value="D"> 2.022 × 10²³</label><br>
<button type="button" onclick="checkAnswer(2, 'B')">Check</button>
<span class="result" id="ans2"></span>
</div>
<div class="question" id="q3">
<p>3. 44g of CO₂ represents how many moles?</p>
<label><input type="radio" name="q3" value="A"> 0.5</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q3" value="B"> 2</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q3" value="C"> 1</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q3" value="D"> 4</label><br>
<button type="button" onclick="checkAnswer(3, 'C')">Check</button>
<span class="result" id="ans3"></span>
</div>
<div class="question" id="q4">
<p>4. Which is the limiting reagent if 3 moles H₂ and 1 mole O₂ are mixed?</p>
<label><input type="radio" name="q4" value="A"> H₂</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q4" value="B"> O₂</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q4" value="C"> Both</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q4" value="D"> None</label><br>
<button type="button" onclick="checkAnswer(4, 'B')">Check</button>
<span class="result" id="ans4"></span>
</div>
<div class="question" id="q5">
<p>5. How many atoms in 2 moles of Na?</p>
<label><input type="radio" name="q5" value="A"> 12.044 × 10²³</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q5" value="B"> 6.022 × 10²³</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q5" value="C"> 1.2044 × 10²⁴</label><br>
<label><input type="radio" name="q5" value="D"> 2.2044 × 10²³</label><br>
<button type="button" onclick="checkAnswer(5, 'C')">Check</button>
<span class="result" id="ans5"></span>
</div>
<script>
function checkAnswer(qnum, correctAns) {
var options = document.getElementsByName('q'+qnum);
var ansPara = document.getElementById('ans'+qnum);
var selected = '';
for (var i = 0; i < options.length; i++) {
if (options[i].checked) {
selected = options[i].value;
break;
}
}
if (selected === correctAns) {
ansPara.textContent = 'Correct!';
ansPara.className = 'result correct';
} else {
ansPara.textContent = 'Incorrect!';
ansPara.className = 'result incorrect';
}
}
</script>
</form>
</body>
</html>
You can extend and copy more question blocks for a full 50-question test with this format.
For detailed, solved previous-year questions (with stepwise solutions) and additional
practice, refer to:
[Selfstudys.com Mole Concept PDF Notes] [1]
[KnowledgeBoat Stoichiometry Q&A] [2] [3]
[ICSE PYQ Booklets and Solutions] [4] [5]
Let me know if you need more explained questions, detailed derivations, or the full set of 50 quiz
questions in HTML.
⁂
1. https://www.selfstudys.com/books/cisce/state-books/class-10th/chemistry/mole-concept-and-stoichiom
etry/205572
2. https://www.knowledgeboat.com/learn/class-10-icse-concise-chemistry-selina/solutions/rB9b6V/mole-c
oncept-stoichiometry
3. https://www.knowledgeboat.com/learn/class-10-icse-concise-chemistry-selina/solutions/Q7YknK/mole-
concept-miscellaneous
4. https://www.doubtnut.com/books/class-10-icse-chemistry-solution-chapter-c05-mole-concept-and-sto
ichiometry-english-medium-in-english/questions-from-previous-icse-board-papers
5. https://www.scribd.com/document/472851991/Important-Question-ICSE-2010-Class-10th-Mole-Concep
t-and-Stoichiometry-a
