Title: AI-Based Air Quality Prediction and Urban Pollution Control System
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1. Problem Statement
Air pollution is a critical issue, especially in urban areas, causing respiratory
diseases, reducing life expectancy, and impacting ecosystems. Traditional air
quality monitoring relies heavily on limited physical sensors and often lacks
real-time responsiveness. To address this, we propose using AI and machine
learning models to predict the Air Quality Index (AQI) based on historical
sensor data, weather patterns, and traffic information. These predictions can
inform real-time policy actions and alert systems.
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2. Proposed System
We aim to build a machine learning model that:
Predicts AQI for the next 24 hours using features like PM2.5, PM10,
temperature, humidity, wind speed, and traffic density.
Integrates with urban traffic systems to dynamically manage traffic flow and
reduce emissions.
Enables proactive actions such as public health alerts, alternate traffic
routes, and industrial activity regulation.
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3. Program with Real-Time Example
a. Key Features Influencing Air Quality
PM2.5 and PM10 levels (Particulate Matter)
NO₂, SO₂, CO, and O₃ concentrations
Temperature and humidity
Wind speed and direction
Traffic congestion level
Time of day and day of the week
Industrial emissions
b. Sample Model to Predict AQI Using Linear Regression (or LSTM for
advanced)
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error
# Load sample AQI dataset
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/datablist/sample-csv-
files/main/files/air_quality.csv')
# Sample columns: ['PM2.5', 'PM10', 'NO2', 'CO', 'SO2', 'TEMP', 'RH', 'WIND',
'TRAFFIC', 'AQI']
# Feature and label
X = df[['PM2.5', 'PM10', 'NO2', 'CO', 'SO2', 'TEMP', 'RH', 'WIND', 'TRAFFIC']]
y = df['AQI']
# Split dataset
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2,
random_state=42)
# Train model
model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Predict
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
print("Mean Absolute Error:", mean_absolute_error(y_test, y_pred))
# Predict AQI for next 24 hours
future_data = [[90, 140, 45, 1.2, 20, 32, 60, 3.5, 8]] # Sample input
predicted_aqi = model.predict(future_data)
print("Predicted AQI:", round(predicted_aqi[0], 2))
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4. Integration with City Traffic Management
The trained model can:
Send alerts to traffic management systems when AQI exceeds safe limits.
Enable dynamic rerouting of vehicles to low-emission zones.
Inform adaptive traffic light control to reduce congestion and idle time.
Integrate with public transport apps to recommend sustainable alternatives.
Schedule industrial downtime in polluted zones based on predicted spikes.
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5. Role of AI in Mitigating Air Pollution in Developing Countries
Predictive Planning: AI can help authorities anticipate pollution hotspots and
prepare accordingly.
Affordable Monitoring: AI models can work with fewer sensors by using
satellite data and simulation.
Public Awareness: Mobile apps and SMS alerts can inform the public of
dangerous AQI levels.
Policy Recommendations: AI can simulate the impact of policy changes like
odd-even rules or car bans.
Optimization of Public Transport: Improve scheduling and routing to reduce
vehicle usage.
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6. Conclusion
AI offers a powerful approach to understanding and addressing urban air
pollution. By predicting AQI accurately using available environmental and
traffic data, cities can take proactive steps to reduce emissions, protect
public health, and move toward sustainability. This system is particularly
impactful for developing countries, where monitoring infrastructure is limited
but the effects of pollution are severe.
