F orm atofth e T h esis

In form, th e th esis is a l ength y experimental , design, or th eoreticalreport,

with a probl em- meth od- resul ts- discussion structure. T h is recurrent
h ypoth etico- deductive patternofdevel opingath esisto sol ve aprobl em and
th en constructing a meth odol ogy and testing for resul ts is common in
research writing. W h enyoubeginto write th e firstdraftofyourth esis, try to
sal vage useful material for probl em statements, meth odol ogies,
and bibl iograph ies from your th esis proposal . M ake use of your
l aboratory notebook fordetail ed accountsofyourprocedures.
F rontM atter
T h e frontmatterframesth e th esiswork. Itincl udesth ese el ements:
 T it le page. Y our departmentwil lh ave a standard titl e page form you
are required to fol l
ow. T h e titl e sh oul d be informative, contain
keywords, and revealth e topicofth e th esis. Incl ude th e title, auth or,
th esissupervisor, pl ace, and date.
 A bst ract. B riefl y state th e ( 1 ) research probl em, ( 2 ) meth odol ogy, ( 3 )
key resul ts, and ( 4 ) concl usion. G eneral l
y, abstracts are between 1 0 0
and 1 5 0 words- - rough l y 5 - 1 0 sentences.
 T abl e ofcontents. L istth e key subjecth eadings and subh eadings of
yourth esiswith th eirpage numbers. N umberth e front- mattersection
in l owercase roman numeral s. Be sure to
listacknowl edgments, appendixes, and bibl iograph y.
 L istoff igures. Incl ude th e figure numbers, figure titl es, and page
numbers.
 L ist of t abl es. Incl ude th e tabl e numbers, tabl e titles, and page
numbers.
 N omencl ature ( optional ). L ist
unfamil iarterms, symbol s, acronymsand th eirmeanings.
B ody
In th e th esis body, you provide th e introduction, narrative, and anal ysis of
yourwork. T h e body incl udesth ese el ements:
i) . Introduction. State
( 1 ) th e purpose ofth e investigation,
( 2 ) th e probl em beinginvestigated,
( 3 ) th e background ( context and importance) of th e probl em
( citingpreviouswork by oth ers) ,
( 4 ) yourth esisand generalapproach , and
( 5 ) th e criteriaforyourstudy'ssuccess.
ii) . T h eory. Devel op th e th eoreticalbasis for your design or experimental
work, incl uding any governing equations. Detail ed cal culations go to
anappendix.
 iii) . M aterial s, apparatus, and procedures. L istand describe key material s
and apparatus. T h en describe th e procedure in enough detailth atoth ers
can dupl icate it. F or design studies, th is section incl udes component
design, fabrication, assembl y, and testingprocedures. U se il lustrations.
iv) . R esul ts& Discussion. Present th e resul ts, usual ly with
accompanyingtabl esand graph s. C h aracteriz e th e patternsand qual ity of
th e resul tsand estimate th eiraccuracy and precision. Detail ed datago to
anappendix. U se anal yticalgraph ics.
Discussion. Discuss th e meaning ofth e resul ts, stating cl early wh at
th eir significance is. C ompare th e resul ts with th eoreticalexpectations
and accountforanyth ingunexpected.
v) . C oncl usions & R ecommendations. . R eview th e resul ts in relation to
th e originalprobl em statement. A ssessth e successofth e study inl igh tof
th e criteriaofsuccessyougave inth e introduction.
 R ecommendat ions. If appl icable, recommend directions for future
work.
vi) . R eferences.
cite al lideas, concepts, text, datath atare notyourown
ifyoumake astatement, back itupwith yourowndataorareference
allreferencescited inth e textmustbe l isted

End M atter( O ptional

)

T h e end matterismainl
y referentialmaterialtoo detail
ed to fitwel
linth e
mainnarrative ofwork done. Itincl udesth ese el
ements:

 A cknowl edgments. A cknowl edge assistance from advisors, sponsors,

fundingagencies, col leagues, tech nicians, and so on.
 A ppendixes. Provide detail ed cal
cul ations, procedures, datain
separate appendixes. G ive each appendixatitl e, al
etter( A ppendixA ,
B , C ) , and anintroductory paragraph .
 B ibliograph y. L istal ph abeticall
y any worksreferred to inyourstudy.
F ollow th e bibl iograph icaland footnote formatsofyourdepartment
orofaprominentperiodicalpubl ish ed by aprofessionalsociety in
yourfiel d.

F ontSiz e and Styl

e

H eading1 ( C h apterH eadings) : T imesN ew R oman- 1 6 siz e, C apital

s,
B old and C enter
 H eading2 ( M ainH eadingsinside th e ch apter) : T imesN ew R oman- 1 4
siz e, C apital
iz e each word, and B ol
d

H eading3 ( Sub- H eadingsinside th e ch apter) : T imesN ew R oman- 1 3 siz e,

C apital
iz e each word, and B ol
d.

T ext( B ody) : T imesN ew R oman- 1 2 siz e, Spacing1 . 5 , Justified.

C aptionoffiguresand T abl es: T imesN ew R oman- 1 1 siz e, F irstl

etterof
th e captionsh oul
d be capital.

N ote: Spacingbetweenparagragh s: B efore 6 - points, after6 - points.

P aper Siz e
T h e th esis sh oul
d be formatted to be printed on 8 . 5 x 1 1 inch paper with in
yourPDF .

M argins
W e recommend al
eftmarginof1 . 5 ”and atop, bottom, and righ tmarginof
1 " ifth e th esis is to be bound. Page numbers do notneed to meetth e 1 "
marginrequirement.

P age N um bering
Page numbers sh oul
d be pl
aced in th e l
ower righ tcorner ofth e page. O nl
y
th e numbersh oul
d appear, not" page 9 " orth e abbreviation" p. 9 . "
Page numberssh oul
d notbe sh ownonth e T itl
e Page. T h e A bstract, oronth e
firstpage ofth e A cknowl
edgments, T abl
e ofC ontents, L istofT abl
esorth e
Preface of each of th ese sections sh oul
d be numbered using R oman
numeral
s. T h e countfor th ese prel
iminary pages sh oul
d startwith th e titl
e
page.
Pagesofth e textitsel
fand ofal
litemsfol
lowingth e text( i. e. th e notesand
bibl
iograph y) sh oul
d be numbered consecutivel
y th rough out in A rabic
numbers, beginning with number 1 on th e firstpage ofth e firstch apter or
introduction ( but notpreface) . Pl
ease number every page to be bound,
incl
uding pages on wh ich onl
y il
lustrations, drawings, tabl
es, or captions
appear.

F iguresand T abl
es
C aptions
Every figure and tabl
e sh oul
d h ave a caption. H ere are some tips on using
captions:
 A figure captioniscentered underth e figure; atabl
e captioniscentered
above th e tabl
e ( ifacaptionismore th anone l
ine, make itl
eftjustified) .
 A F igure and itscaptionsh oul
d appearonth e same page.
 Al
lcaptionssh oul
d startwith acapital
iz ed word and end with a period.
T h ey canbe sentence case ortitl
e case, butbe consistentth rough outth e
th esis.
 C aptions sh oul
d say someth ing enough aboutth e figure or tabl
e wh ich
canbe understood with outreferringto th e maintext.
N umbering
 F igure and tabl
e numberscanbe inch apterorderl
ike “ F igure 1 . 1 . ”, but
consistentth rough outth e th esis.
 F igure and tabl
e numbers end with a period or col
on l
ike “ F igure 1 . 1 . ”
O r“ F igure 1 . 1 : ”.
 F iguresand tabl
esare numbered consecutivel
y th rough outth e th esisbut
independentfrom each oth er.
 A ppl
ying th e above guidel
ines wil
lenh ance th e qual
ity ofyour th esis.
N ote th atreaderswil
lpay mostattentionto th e tabl
esand figuresinyour
th esis and th us th e mostimportantinformation sh oul
d be found in your
figuresand tabl
es.
R eference Exam pl
es
T h ere are standard reference formatsformosttypesofdocument. B el
ow are
exampl
es of th e most common types of document you migh t want to
reference. Each ofth e fol
lowing gives a suggested standard formatfor th e
reference fol
lowed by exampl
esforth e differentdocumenttypes.
B ook
[R efnumber] A uth or’ s initial
s. A uth or’ s Surname, B ook T itl
e, edition ( if
notfirst) . Pl
ace ofpubl
ication: Publ
ish er, Y ear.
[1 ] I. A . G l
over and P. M . G rant, DigitalC ommunications, 3 rd ed. H arl
ow:
Prentice H al
l, 2 0 0 9 .
B ook ch apter
[R ef number] A uth or’ s initial
s. A uth or’ s Surname, “ T itl
e of ch apter in
book, ”inB ook T itl
e, edition( ifnotfirst) , Editor’ sinitial
s. Editor’ sSurname,
Ed. Pl
ace ofpubl
ication: Publ
ish er, Y ear, page numbers.
[2 ] C . W . L i and G . J. W ang, " M EM S manufacturing tech niques for tissue
scaffol
dingdevices, " inM emsforB iomedicalA ppl
ications, S. B h ansal
i and
A . V asudev, Eds. C ambridge: W oodh ead, 2 0 1 2 , pp. 1 9 2 - 2 1 7 .
El
ectronicB ook
[R ef number] A uth or’ s initial
s. A uth or’ s Surname. ( Y ear, M onth Day) .
B ook T itl
e ( edition) [T ype ofmedium]. A vail
abl
e: U R L
[3 ] W . Z eng, H . Y u, C . L in. ( 2 0 1 3 , Dec 1 9 ) . M ul
timedia Security
T ech nol
ogiesforDigitalR igh tsM anagement[O nl
ine].
A vail
abl
e: h ttp: / / goo. gl
/ xQ 6 doi

N ote: Ifth e e- book isadirectequival

entofaprintbook e. g. inPDF format,
youcanreference itasanormalprintbook.
Journalarticl
e
[R efnumber]A uth or’ sinitial
s. A uth or’ sSurname, “ T itl
e ofarticl
e, ”T itl
e of
journalabbreviated in Ital
ics, vol
. number, issue number, page numbers,
A bbreviated M onth Y ear.
[4 ] F . Y an, Y . G u, Y . W ang, C . M . W ang, X . Y . H u, H . X . Peng, etal
.,
" Study on th e interaction mech anism between l
aser and rock during
perforation, " O ptics and L aser T ech nol
ogy, vol
. 5 4 , issue 3 , pp. 3 0 3 - 3 0 8 ,
Dec2 0 1 3 .

N ote: th e above exampl

e articl
e is from a journalwh ich does notuse issue
numbers, so th ey are notincl
uded inth e reference.
E- Journalarticl
e
PDF versionsofjournalarticl
esare directcopiesofth e printedition, so you
cancite th em asprintjournal
s.
[R efnumber]A uth or’ s initial
s. A uth or’ s Surname. ( Y ear, M onth ) . “ T itl
e of
articl
e. ” JournalT itl
e [type of medium]. vol
ume number, issue number,
page numbersifgiven. A vail
abl
e: U R L
[4 ] M . Semil
of. ( 1 9 9 6 , Jul
y) . “ Driving commerce to th e web- corporate
intranetsand th e internet: l
inesbl
ur”. C ommunicationW eek [O nl
ine]. vol
. 6 ,
issue 1 9 .
A vail
abl
e: h ttp: / / www. tech web. com/ se/ directl
inkcgi? C W K 1 9 9 6 0 7 1 5 S0 0 0 5
W h en you are compil
ing your reference l
istyou may abbreviate journal
titl
es:
F oral
istofIEEEabbreviationsgo to:
h ttps: / / www. ieee. org/ documents/ trans_journal
_names. pdf
F ornonIEEEjournalabbreviationsgo to:
h ttp: / / www. bath . ac. uk/ l
ibrary/ h el
p/ infoguides/ abbreviations. h tml
F or furth er information on th e common abbreviations of words used in
referencesforth e IEEEstyl
e go to:
h ttp: / / www. ieee. org/ documents/ styl
e_manual
. pdf
C onference papers
[R ef number] A uth or’ s initial
s. A uth or’ s Surname, “ T itl
e of paper, ” in
N ame ofC onference, L ocation, Y ear, pp. xxx.
[6 ]S. A dach i, T . H orio, T . Suz uki. " Intense vacuum- ul
traviol
etsingl
e- order
h armonic pul
se by a deep- ul
traviol
etdriving l
aser, " in C onf. L asers and
El
ectro- O ptics, SanJose, C A , 2 0 1 2 , pp. 2 1 1 8 - 2 1 2 0 .
Standard abbreviations may be appl
ied to th e titl
e ofth e conference. F or a
tabl
e ofabbreviationsgo to:
h ttp: / / www. ieee. org/ documents/ ieeecitationref. pdf
R eports
T h e generalform for citing tech nicalreports is to pl
ace th e name and
l
ocation ofth e company or institution after th e auth or and titl
e and to give
th e reportnumber and date atth e end ofth e reference. Ifth e reporth as a
vol
ume numberadd itafterth e year.
[R ef number] A uth or’ s initial
s. A uth or’ s Surname, “ T itl
e of report, ”
A bbreviated N ame ofC ompany. , C ity ofC ompany. , State, R eport
number, year.
[7 ] P. Diamentand W . L . L uptakin, “ V - l
ine surface- wave radiation and
scanning, ” Dept. El
ect. Eng. , C ol
ombia U niv. , N ew Y ork, Sci R ep. 8 5 ,
1 9 9 1 .
Patents
[R ef number] A uth or’ s initial
s. A uth or’ s Surname, “ T itl
e of patent, ”
C ountry wh ere patentis registered. Patentnumber, A bbrevofM onth Day
Y ear.
[8 ]J. P. W il
kinson, “ N onl
inearresonantcircuitdevices, ”U . S. Patent3 6 2 4
1 2 5 , Jul
y1 6 1 9 9 0 .
N ote: U se “ issued date”ifseveraldatesare given.
Standards
[R eference number]T itl
e ofStandard, Standard number, date.
[9 ]Sh untpowercapacitors, IEEEstandard 1 8 - 2 0 1 2 , 2 0 1 3 .
T h eses/ Dissertations
[R ef number] A uth or’ s initial
s. A uth or’ s Surname, “ T itl
e of th esis, ”
Designationtype, A bbrev. Dept. , A bbrev. U niv. , C ity ofU niv. , State, Y ear.
[1 0 ]J. O . W il
liams, “ N arrow- band anal
yser, ”Ph . D. dissertation, Dept. El
ect.
Eng. , H arvard U niv. , C ambridge, M A , 1 9 9 3 .
Datash eets
[R efnumber]A uth or’ sinitial
s. A uth orsSurname, “ T itl
e ofDatash eet, ”Part
datash eet, Publ
icationdate [L atestrevisiondate].
[1 1 ] T exas Instruments, “ H igh speed CM O S l
ogic anal
og
mul
tipl
exers/ demul
tipl
exers, ”7 4 H C 4 0 5 1 datash eet, N ov. 1 9 9 7
[R evised Sept. 2 0 0 2 ].
O nl
ine Documents
Ifyou are using documents such as a report, conference paper, standard,
patentor th esis onl
ine and ital
so exists as an identicalprintequival
enti. e.
with th e same formatand pagination, itcan be usual
ly be referenced as th e
printversion.
Ifitis e- onl
y, you can make th e standard reference templ
ate an el
ectronic
versionby addingth e materialtype insquare bracketse. g. [O nl
ine]afterth e
documenttitl
e. Ifth ere isno specificdocumenttitl
e youcanpl
ace th isafter
th e documentnumber( e. g. patentnumber) .
A tth e end ofth e reference add: A vail
abl
e: U R L . See bel
ow foranexampl
e
ofanonl
ine patent:
[1 2 ] M . R . B rooks, “ M usicaltooth brush with adjustabl
e neck and mirror, ”
U . S Patent3 2 6 1 8 9 [O nl
ine], M ay 1 9 1 9 9 2 .
A vail
abl
e: h ttp: / / goo. gl
/ V U 1 W Ek
W ebsites
N ote: Incl
ude as much ofth e key information as you can find for a given
website. Ifa web page h as no personalauth or, you can use a corporate
auth or. F ail
ing th at, you can use eith er A non. ( for anonymous) or itis
permissibl
e to use th e titl
e ofth e site.
[R efnumber]A uth or’ sinitial
s. A uth orsSurname. ( Y ear, M onth . Day) . T itl
e
ofwebpage [O nl
ine]. A vail
abl
e: U R L
[1 3 ] B B C N ews. ( 2 0 1 3 , N ov. 1 1 ) . M icrowave signal
s turned into el
ectrical
power[O nl
ine]. A vail
abl
e:
h ttp: / / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ tech nol
ogy- 2 4 8 9 7 5 8 4
[1 4 ] M . H ol
land. ( 2 0 0 2 ) . G uide to citing internet sources [O nl
ine].
A vail
abl
e:
h ttp: / / www. bournemouth . ac. uk/ l
ibrary/ using/ guide_to_citing_internet_sourc.
h tml
 W olaitaSodo U niversity
C oll
ege ofEngineering
Departm entofEl ectricaland C om puter
Engineering
F O R M A T F O R P R EP A R A T IO N O F F IN A L Y EA R P R O JEC T
R EP O R T

A R R A N G EM EN T O F C O N T EN T S:
T h e sequence inwh ich th e projectreportmaterialsh oul d be arranged and bound
sh oul d be asfol lows:
1 . C overPage
2 . T itl e Page
3 . Decl aration
4 . A pprovalSh eet
5 . A cknowl edgement
6 . A bstract
7 . T abl e ofC ontents
8 . L istofF igures
9 . L istof T abl es
1 0 . L istofSymbol s, A bbreviationsand N omencl ature
1 1 . C h apters
C h apter1 Introduction( 1 6 B ol d, T imesN ew R oman)
1 . 1 Introduction( 1 4 B ol d, T imesN ew R oman)
1 . 2 Statementofth e Probl em
1 . 3 B ackground( L iterature R eview)
1 . 4 O bjectives
1 . 4 . 1 G eneralO bjective ( 1 3 B ol d, T imesN ew R oman)
1 . 4 . 2 SpecificO bjective
1 . 5 M eth odol ogy
1 . 6 O rganiz ationofT h esis
C h apter2 Introductionto th e T h esis( B asicsofth e T h esis/ C h apterh eading
sh ould be decided accordingto th e T h esis)
C h apter3 M aterial s, A pparatus, and Procedures( C h apterh eadingsh oul d be
decided accordingto th e T h esis)
C h apter4 R esul tsand Discussion
C h apter5 C oncl usionand F uture W ork
1 2 . R eferences
1 3 . A ppendices

T h e tabl
e and figuressh al
lbe introduced inth e appropriate pl
aces
 W ol
aitaSodo U niversity< F ontSize 2 0 > < 1 . 5 l
ine spacing>

C ol
lege ofEngineering< F ontSiz e 1 8 > < 1 . 5 l
ine spacing>

F inalY ear P rojecton< F ontSiz e 1 4 >

T itl
e ofth e project< F ontSiz e 1 8 > < 1 . 5 l
ine spacing>

Submitted B y< F ontSiz e 1 4 > < Ital

ic>

S. N o. N A M E O F T H E C A N DIDA T E( S) Id N o.

Departm ent: El
ectricaland C om puter Engineering < F O N T SIZ E 1 6 >
Stream : C ontrolEngineering( SEC 1 ) < F O N T SIZ E1 6 >
A dvisor N am e: < F ontSiz e 1 6 >
June 1 0 , 2 0 1 6 < F ontSiz e 1 4 >

W ol
aitaSodo, Eth iopia< F ontSize 1 4 >

T itl
e ofth e th esis< F ontSiz e 1 8 > < 1 .5 l
ine spacing>
 Submitted B y< F ontSiz e 1 4 > < Ital
ic>

S. N o. N A M E O F T H E C A N DIDA T E( S) Id N o.

< F ontSize 1 4 > < 1 . 5 l

ine spacing> < Ital
ic>

A T H ESIS SU B M IT T ED T O DEP A R T M EN T O F EL EC T R IC A L
A N D C O M P U T ER EN G IN EER IN G IN P A R T IA L F U L F IL L M EN T
F O R T H E A W A R D O F DEG R EE

OF
B A C H EL O R O F SC IEN C E< F ontSiz e 1 6 >

IN
EL EC T R IC A L A N D C O M P U T ER EN G IN EER IN G ( C O N T R O L
EN G IN EER IN G ) < F ontSiz e 1 4 >

June 1 0 , 2 0 1 6 < F ontSiz e 1 4 >

W ol
aitaSodo, Eth iopia< F ontSiz e 1 4 >
 DEC L A R A T IO N < F ontStyl
e T im esN ew R oman– siz e - 1 6 >

< F ontStyl
e T im esN ew R om an– siz e - 1 4 >

W e h ereby decl
are th atth e project entitl
ed T itl
e ofth e P rojectis
submitted in partialful
fil
lmentofth e requirementfor th e award ofth e
degree in B Sc Degree in El
ectrical and C omputer
Engineering( C ontrolEngineering) , W ol
aita Sodo U niversity, is a record
ofour own work carried outby us during th e academic year 2 0 1 5 / 1 6
under th e supervision and guidance of A dvisor N am e, Departmentof
El
ectricaland C omputer Engineering, C ol
lege ofEngineering. Th e
extentand source ofinformation are derived from th e existing l
iterature
and h ave beenindicated th rough th e projectatth e appropriate pl
aces. T h e
matter embodied in th is work is originaland h as notbeen submitted
for th e award of any oth er degree, eith er in th is or
any oth erU niversity.

S/ N o. StudentN am e ID Signature
1 . … … … … … … … … … . … … … … .

Pl
ace: ____________________________

Date: ____________________________
 C ER T IF IC A T IO N < F ontStyl
e T im esN ew R oman– siz e - 1 6 >

< F ontStyl
e T im esN ew R om an– siz e - 1 4 >

T h is is to certify th at Project R eport entitl

ed “ T itl
e ofth e
P roject” th at is submitted by th isgroupmembers in partial
ful
fil
lment of th e requirement for th e ful
fil
lment of
semester projectin th e degree B SC in EL EC T R IC A L AN D
C O M PU T ER EN G IN EER IN G ( Stream name) of W ol
aita Sodo
U niversity, is a record of th e candidate own work carried
out by h im under my own supervision. T h e matter embodies
in th esis is original and h as not been submitted for th e
award of any oth erdegree.

_____________________ _________
A dvisor Sign.

_____________________ _________
Departm entH ead Sign.

Pl
ace: _____________________

Date: _____________________
 A C K N O W L EDG EM EN T

W e gratefulto th e god, with outh isbl

essingand mercy; th isth esiswoul
d
noth ave beenpossibl
e.
W el
ike to th ank our famil
y members for th eir constantsupportand
encouragement.
F oremost, we woul
dlike to express our sincere gratitude to my advisor
“ A dvisor N am e”, for th e continuous supportofmy ‘T h esis Study’ , for
h is patience, motivation, enth usiasm, and immense knowl
edge. H is/ h er
guidance h el
ped us in al
lth e time ofresearch and writing ofth is th esis.
W ith outh im, we coul
d noth ave writtenth isth esis.
W e woul
d l
ike to express gratitude to our h ead of th e department,
El
ectricaland C omputer Engineering “ H ead ofth e departm entN am e”
and dean ofth e C ol
lege, C ol
lege ofEngineering “ Dean ofth e col
lege
N am e”wh o h el
ped usto final
iz e my th esis.
L astl
y, we offerourregardsto th e facul
ty and al
lofth ose wh o supported
usinany respectduringth e compl
etionofth e project.
 A B ST R A C T
< F ontStyl
e T im esN ew R oman– siz e - 1 6 >

T ext< F ontStyl
e T imesN ew R oman– siz e - 1 4 >

K eywords( T imes N ew R oman, 1 3 , bol

d) : minimum number ofkeywords sh oul
d be
5 and maximumkeywordssh oul
d be 8 . F ontstyl
e and fontsiz e forkeywordsisT imes
N ew R omansiz e- 1 2 .
 ( A typicalspecimenoftabl e ofcontents)
< F ontStyl
e T imesN ew R oman>
T A B L E O F C O N T EN T S

C ontent P age N o.

A B ST R A C T iii
L IST O F F IG U R ES vi
L IST O F T A B L E xviii
L IST O F SY M B O L S xxvii
1 . IN T R O DU C T IO N 1