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 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 "General M. Jenkins, Commanding Division."
We spent the day following the attack on Fort Sanders in
strengthening our rifle-pits. The lines were now much nearer to
those of the enemy. In some places not more than one hundred
yards separated them. Our shells troubled the rebels when they
relieved their picket in the forenoon. In the afternoon we received
official notice of Bragg's defeat at Chattanooga. The night that
followed was bitter cold, and our thinly clad men suffered much.
The next day, December 1st, General Burnside issued an order
thanking his troops for their endurance and bravery, and
congratulating them on their recent successes, and the success of
Grant at Chattanooga. At noon, by order, a single gun—we were
short of ammunition—was fired from Battery Noble, and the troops,
standing in the trenches, gave three cheers for the victories we had
won. They were hearty cheers, as the rebels across the ravine could
testify. And they knew, too, what those cheers meant. Having
defeated Bragg, General Grant was hurrying troops forward to
relieve the besieged in Knoxville. Finding General Granger, whom he
had selected for that task, lacking in energy, he turned the command
over to General Sherman, November 29th, with orders to push on as
rapidly as possible.[9] At the same time he sent a despatch to
General Burnside congratulating him on the tenacity with which he
had held out against vastly superior forces, and informing him of the
movements in progress for his relief. By order of General Grant a
copy of this despatch was suffered to fall into the enemy's hands,
and from it, December 1st, Longstreet learned of Sherman's
advance. Burnside did not receive the despatch till the following day.
Longstreet now saw that the siege must be raised at once, and he
made his preparations accordingly.[10]
[9]
Head-quarters Military Division of the Mississippi,
Chattanooga, Tennessee, Nov. 29, 1863.
Major-General W. T. Sherman:—
 News was received from Knoxville to the morning of the 27th. At
that time the place was still invested, but the attack on it was not
vigorous. Longstreet is evidently determined to starve the
garrison out; Granger is on the way to Burnside's relief, but I have
lost all faith in his energy or capacity to manage an expedition of
the importance of this one. I am inclined to think, therefore, I
shall have to send you. Push as rapidly as you can to the
Tennessee, and determine for yourself what force to take with
you from that point; Granger has his corps with him, from which
you will select in conjunction with the force now with you. In plain
words, you will assume command of all the forces now moving up
the Tennessee, including the garrison at Kingston, and from that
force organize what you deem proper to relieve Burnside. The
balance send back to Chattanooga. Granger has a boat loaded
with provisions, which you can issue, and return the boat; I will
have another loaded to follow you. Use, of course, as sparingly as
possible from the rations taken with you, and subsist off the
country all you can.
It is expected that Foster is moving, by this time, from
Cumberland Gap, on Knoxville. I do not know what force he will
have with him, but presume it will range from three thousand five
hundred to five thousand. I leave this matter to you, knowing that
you will do better acting upon your discretion than you could
trammelled with instructions. I will only add, that the last advices
from Burnside himself indicated his ability to hold out with rations
only to about the 3d of December.
Very respectfully,
U. S. GRANT, Major General Commanding.
[10] In his report, General Longstreet says: "As our position at
Knoxville was somewhat complicated, I determined to abandon
the siege, and to draw off in the direction of Virginia, with an idea
that we might find an opportunity to strike that column of the
enemy's forces reported to be advancing by Cumberland Gap. The
orders to move in accordance with this view were issued on the
2d of December."

December 2d it was rumored that General Burnside's resignation of

his command had been accepted at Washington, and that he was to
be relieved by General Foster, who was said to be at Tazewell,—a
rumor by no means pleasing to the Ninth Corps. At nine o'clock in
the evening there was an alarm, and we stood in our places in the
trenches expecting an attack.
On the following day the enemy were very quiet, and we thought
there were some indications that they were preparing to raise the
siege. The number of their pickets was manifestly less than usual.
The fact was that their wagon-trains were that day put in motion,
and on the night of December 4th the rebels withdrew from their
lines around Knoxville, crossed the Holston, and moved up the north
bank of the river. The retreat was discovered early in the morning by
the pickets of the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, under Captain Ames,
of Company B, who had the honor of first reporting that the siege of
Knoxville was raised.
Sherman was then at Marysville, and December 5th sent the
following note to Burnside: "I am here, and can bring twenty-five
thousand men into Knoxville to-morrow; but Longstreet having
retreated, I feel disposed to stop, for a stern chase is a long one.
But I will do all that is possible. Without you specify that you want
troops, I will let mine rest to-morrow, and ride in to see you."
Accordingly Sherman halted his troops, except two of Granger's
divisions, and December 6th he entered Knoxville, and reported in
person to General Burnside.
In his official report General Sherman says: "On the morning of
December 6th I rode from Marysville into Knoxville, and met General
Burnside. General Granger arrived later in the day. We examined his
lines of fortifications, which were a wonderful production for the
short time allowed in their selection of ground and construction of
work. It seemed to me that they were nearly impregnable. We
examined the redoubt named 'Sanders,' where, on the Sunday
previous, three brigades of the enemy had assaulted and met a
bloody repulse. Now, all was peaceful and quiet; but a few hours
before the deadly bullet sought its victims all round about that hilly
barrier."[11]
[11] Memoirs of W. T. Sherman, Vol. I., pp. 382, 383.
The emergency having passed, General Burnside was of the opinion
that General Sherman should return to Grant, leaving Granger's
command. The necessary orders were given, and General Sherman
put his columns in motion southward again. Too much praise cannot
be awarded to General Sherman for the promptness with which he
came to our relief; as General Burnside said, it was Sherman's
approach that raised the siege.
In his official report of this campaign General Grant said: "The
armies of the Cumberland and Tennessee, for their energy and
unsurpassed bravery in the three days' battle of Chattanooga, their
patient endurance in marching to the relief of Knoxville, and the
army of the Ohio, for its masterly defence of Knoxville and repeated
repulses of Longstreet's assaults upon that place, are deserving of
the gratitude of their country." That gratitude they received. Thanks
to Grant and his officers and men were voted by Congress, and a
gold medal was struck, to be presented by the President to General
Grant "in the name of the people of the United States of America." It
was also voted that "The thanks of Congress be, and they hereby
are, presented to Major-General Ambrose E. Burnside, and through
him to the officers and men who have fought under his command,
for their gallantry, good conduct, and soldier-like endurance." On the
7th of December President Lincoln issued a proclamation referring to
the raising of the siege of Knoxville, "under circumstances rendering
it probable that the Union forces cannot hereafter be dislodged from
that important position," and recommending that "all loyal people
do, on receipt of this information, assemble at their places of
worship, and render special homage and gratitude to Almighty God
for this great advancement of the national cause."
The noble bearing of General Burnside throughout the siege won the
admiration of all his troops. December 11th he transferred the
command of the Department of the Ohio to General Foster, the
announcement of which was made in the following order:—
Head-quarters Army of the Ohio,
Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 11, 1863.
 General Field Orders No. 38.
In obedience to orders from the War Department, the
Commanding General this day resigns to Major-General
John G. Foster the command of the Army of the Ohio.
On severing the tie which has united him to this gallant
army he cannot express his deep personal feeling in
parting from men brought near to him by their mutual
experiences in the eventful scenes of the past campaign,
and who have always, regardless of every privation and of
every danger, cheerfully and faithfully performed their
duty. Associated with many of their number from the
earliest days of the war, he takes leave of the army not
only as soldiers, to whose heroism many a victorious
battle-field bears witness, but as well-tried friends, who in
the darkest hours have never failed him. With the
sincerest regret he leaves the department without the
opportunity of personally bidding them farewell.
To the citizen soldiers of East Tennessee, who proved their
loyalty in the trenches of Knoxville, he tenders his
warmest thanks.
With the highest confidence in the patriotism and skill of
the distinguished officer who succeeds him, with whom he
has been long and intimately connected in the field, and
who will be welcome as their leader by those who served
with him in the memorable campaign in North Carolina,
and by all as one identified with some of the most brilliant
events of the war, he transfers to him the command,
assured that under his guidance the bright record of the
Army of the Ohio will never grow dim.
By command of Major-General Burnside,
LEWIS RICHMOND, A.A.G.
In a speech at Cincinnati, a few days after, with that modesty which
characterizes the true soldier, Burnside said that the honors
bestowed on him belonged to his under-officers and the men in the
ranks. Those kindly words his officers and men will ever cherish; and
in all their added years, as they recall the widely separated battle-
fields, made forever sacred by the blood of their fallen comrades,
and forever glorious by the victories there won, it will be their pride
to say, "We fought with Burnside at Campbell's Station and in the
trenches at Knoxville."
The following general orders are inserted as a fitting conclusion to
this chapter:—
Head-quarters First Division, Ninth Army Corps,
Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 4, 1863.
General Orders No. 82.
The General Commanding has again the proud pleasure of
congratulating the officers and men of this division upon
their splendid behavior. During the campaign of the last
three weeks they have endured privations and fatigue that
soldiers are seldom called upon to experience.
Leaving their comfortable quarters at Lenoir's at a
moment's notice and seeking the enemy in his own camp;
the return to Lenoir's, and checking him at that place; the
rapid march to Campbell's Station, at which place they
repulsed with heavy loss a superior force; the wearying
night march, after a hard day's march and fight, to this
place, where, hemmed in for nearly three weeks by a
large army full of determination to drive us from East
Tennessee or capture us,—they have borne the brunt of
nearly all the fighting, and endured days and nights of
labor and watching, on a scanty allowance of provisions,
without complaint.
The conduct of those who were fortunate enough to be of
the small number that repulsed the determined assault on
Fort Sanders, on the 29th, ult. cannot be too highly
praised. They drove back two brigades of the enemy with
terrible slaughter, captured three stands of colors, and
maintained the high reputation of their division. Fortunate
is the country that can produce such soldiers, and proud
of his position is the general commanding them.
Our work is not yet done. We will be called on to fight
more battles and probably to endure more hardships. Let
us go forward with strong hearts and willing hands, and
we cannot fail.
By command of Brigadier-General Ferrero,
GEO. A. HICKS, Captain and A.A.G.
Head-quarters Army of the Ohio,
Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 6, 1863.
General Field Orders No. 36.
The Army of the Ohio will commemorate the series of
victories, all culminating in the redemption of a loyal
district, by inscribing on their colors and guidons the
comprehensive words, expressive of the grand result,
"EAST TENNESSEE."
By command of Major-General Burnside,
LEWIS RICHMOND, A.A.G.
 CHAPTER XI.
SUBSEQUENT MOVEMENTS IN EAST
TENNESSEE.
There was some delay in following up the retreating enemy. On the
morning of December 7th, however, we were called early, and
notified that orders had been received to march at seven o'clock. At
that hour we were in motion, marched through the town, and
advanced twelve miles on the Newmarket road, the whole of the
Ninth Corps with us. About two o'clock we went into camp, found
plenty of forage, and built good fires. The march was continued on
the 8th; and on the 9th, shortly after noon, we went into camp
about a mile south of Rutledge.
December 11th, while we were still near Rutledge, Lieutenant
Hodgkins, who had been home on leave of absence and detached
service at Cumberland Gap, rejoined the regiment, and brought not
a little cheer to all hearts by the announcement that a large mail and
supplies were at Tazewell. The supply-train arrived on the 13th, and
once again we had a taste of bread, coffee, and sugar. The mail
reached us on the following day.
We had orders during the night to be ready to march at early dawn;
yet the 14th passed and we still remained at Rutledge. But there
was trouble ahead. Longstreet had attacked our cavalry at Bean's
Station, and had compelled it to fall back, leaving a wagon-train in
his hands. At the close of the day we had orders to march at a
moment's notice. About midnight a part of the Twenty-third Corps
passed our camp, moving to the front.
December 15th tents were struck soon after breakfast, and about
eleven o'clock we moved back a few hundred rods and formed in
line of battle. There we remained during the day, ready for the
enemy if he should appear, and about nine o'clock in the evening we
took the road to Knoxville. On account of the bad state of the roads
we were nearly six hours marching six miles. It was a bitter cold
night, and the men built fires of fence-rails at our numerous halts. At
length we bivouacked in a field at the roadside, where we managed
to get about an hour's sleep in front of our fires.
About half-past nine, December 15th, we renewed our march, and
halted at noon at Blain's Cross Roads. The enemy followed, and
there was some skirmishing at the outposts. About three o'clock in
the afternoon we formed a line of battle, and constructed a
breastwork of rails. Companies A and B, of the Thirty-sixth, were
sent out on picket. But the enemy did not attempt to advance.
Indeed, as we soon learned, Longstreet withdrew his forces to the
other side of the Holston, and, marching to Morristown, ordered his
men to make themselves comfortable for the winter.
We, too, at Blain's Cross Roads, which has well been called the
Valley Forge of the Rebellion, endeavored to make ourselves
comfortable; but it was not an easy matter. Very few of our men had
overcoats; indeed, they were poorly clothed in every respect. For the
lack of shoes many were obliged to protect their feet with moccasins
made of rawhide. Rations, too, were short. A few spoonfuls of flour
were served out as the daily allowance, and, had it not been for the
corn picked up here and there, sometimes where the mules were
corralled, the men would have suffered severely. Foraging parties
were sent out on every hand, but the natives generally "were plumb
out"; there was "not a dust of meal" in the house, they said.
December 27th we moved our camp a short distance, and built as
comfortable houses as the means at hand would allow. The days
that followed were uneventful, for the most part. January 8th the
Eighth Michigan started home, the men having reënlisted on the
promise of a furlough. The One Hundredth Pennsylvania followed
January 12th. No more inspiring sight can be imagined than that of
the remnant of a once full regiment at the expiration of its three
years of service, and living on quarter rations of corn-meal, with
occasionally a handful of flour, standing forth under the open skies
amid a thousand discomforts, and, raising loyal hands toward
heaven, swearing to serve the country yet three years longer!
January 15th clothing arrived and was issued. Though the quantity
was small, there was enough to be of much benefit to our shivering
men. On the following day the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania started home,
its term of service also having nearly expired. At ten o'clock we
broke camp and marched to Strawberry Plains, about sixteen miles
north of Knoxville. It is at this place that the railroad crosses the
Holston river. We went into camp, and on the following day built
houses.
But on the 17th there were rumors of an approach of the enemy,
and we had orders to march the next morning at seven. When the
morning came, however, these orders were countermanded, and we
were then ordered to hold ourselves in readiness to march at a
moment's notice. That night two or three inches of snow fell. On the
following day, January 19th, we remained at our quarters until night,
when we were ordered to the station to load cars with batteries and
ammunition. January 21st no rations, except of fresh beef, or rather
of bones, as the men said, were issued. About midnight we were
ordered to be ready to march at daybreak. Wagons came at two
o'clock, and our baggage was packed and sent off to Knoxville.
About noon on that day, the 21st, we moved into the woods. Not
long after, the rebels appeared on the opposite side of the river and
opened fire from a battery, to which our guns responded. No rations
were issued that day, but our men obtained some corn and pork
which the Twenty-third Corps Commissary had left at the station.
The bridge across the river was destroyed by our troops, also about
forty wagons. Early the next morning we set out for Knoxville,
Morrison's brigade forming the rear guard. The rebel cavalry
followed us closely, and we were obliged to form in line of battle
frequently, and offer fight, in order to keep the enemy at a respectful
distance. Late in the afternoon we halted about three miles from
Knoxville, and bivouacked for the night.
The next day, January 23d, the rebels retired and we moved into the
woods for protection from the cold. Here we hoped to have a little
rest; but in the morning—it was the Sabbath—we found that a
Sabbath-day's journey was before us. We marched through
Knoxville, passed Fort Sanders and the trenches that the siege had
made so familiar to us, and went into camp near Erin's Station,
about five miles from the city.
Rumors now became rife that the Ninth Corps was soon to leave
Tennessee and go east, to be under the command once more of
General Burnside. The thought was an inspiring one to both officers
and men.
Having completed our camp preparations, company and battalion
drills were resumed January 27th. January 31st the Thirty-sixth
received about one hundred recruits from the Twenty-ninth
Massachusetts,—the portion of the regiment that had not reënlisted.
The remainder of their period of service these men were to fill out
with us. That evening we received orders to be ready to march at a
moment's notice. We did not move, however, until late in the
afternoon of the following day, February 1st, when our whole
division marched through Knoxville, crossed the Holston, and
encamped on the heights beyond. It was very muddy, and we had
much difficulty in climbing the hills in the dark. Our bivouac that
night was a cheerless one, and the next morning, it having been
discovered by somebody that there were no rebels within thirty
miles, we were ordered back to our camp at Erin's Station.
General Foster, about this time, asked to be relieved of the command
of the Department of the Ohio, on account of the reöpening of an
old wound; and February 9th General J. M. Schofield reached
Knoxville, having, at General Grant's request, been appointed to
succeed Foster.
February 15th we broke camp at Erin's Station in a pouring rain, and
marched to Knoxville, where we encamped just outside of the city,
and not far from Fort Sanders. The rifle-pits occupied by the rebels
during the siege extended along the rear of our camp. The object in
making this change in such a storm was not apparent; and, as this
was our first acquaintance with General Schofield, the impression
received was not a very favorable one. Yet, like good soldiers, we
made ourselves as comfortable as the circumstances would allow.
Three days later orders came for us to move in the afternoon. This
time it was a mile only, to a position between the Jacksboro' and
Tazewell roads. Here we had again made ourselves as comfortable
as possible when, February 20th, shortly after dress-parade, we
received orders to be ready to march at a moment's notice. The next
morning we were up early, the mules were harnessed to the wagons
all day; but night came, and we still remained in camp. February 22d
most of the regiment were engaged in strengthening the
fortifications at Knoxville. On the following day Captain Smith,
Lieutenant Brigham, and ten men were detailed to go to
Massachusetts for recruits. At night we were told to hold ourselves in
readiness to march at daybreak, in light marching order, with sixty
rounds of ammunition per man. This looked like business.
A little after sunrise the next morning, February 24th, we left our
camp, and took the road to Strawberry Plains, General Willcox being
in command of our division. On the march we passed the Twenty-
third Corps. General Schofield and his staff accompanied the troops.
We marched about twenty miles, and at night encamped in the
woods three miles beyond the railway station at Strawberry Plains.
On the following day we received orders to lay out a camp, as it
would be necessary for us to remain where we were several days. A
pontoon came up on the train from Knoxville, and everything
indicated a vigorous movement against the enemy.
February 27th we broke camp about eight o'clock in the morning,
and marched to the river. As there was neither time nor men to
construct a pontoon bridge, preparations had been made to carry
the troops across the Holston in barges. Two ropes were stretched
from bank to bank,—a distance of about one hundred yards,—and
by means of these the barges, filled with men, were drawn across
the stream. There were seven barges in all, and in less than three-
quarters of an hour our brigade was transferred to the opposite
shore. The passage of the entire command occupied the whole
forenoon. When we had crossed, we moved down the road two
miles and halted in an oak grove. Meanwhile our supply train and
artillery were crossing at the ford below. Late in the afternoon, when
we had pitched our tents for the night, orders came for the regiment
to pack up, as we had been assigned to picket duty. So we packed
up and moved out to the front.
The next morning, Sunday, February 28th, nine deserters came into
our lines. They reported Longstreet as falling back; said they were
tired of the war, and that there was much dissatisfaction in the rebel
ranks. We marched about eleven o'clock, Morrison's brigade in
advance, and halted late in the afternoon about a mile beyond
Mossy Creek, having advanced thirteen miles.
That night it rained, nor did the rain cease with the darkness. We
marched at seven in the morning, February 29th, the rain still falling.
The roads were very muddy, and we had a toilsome, disagreeable
march. Early in the afternoon we reached Morristown,—a march of
thirteen miles,—and encamped just beyond the town. The ground
was well-watered, but we pitched our shelter-tents, obtained some
boards from an old camp near by, and endeavored to make
ourselves comfortable for the night. A flag of truce came in from the
rebels, and it was understood that they were in force about six miles
distant.
We expected to advance the next morning, March 1st, but it still
rained in torrents. Our shelter-tents afforded little protection in such
a deluge, and officers and men drew largely on the hospitality of the
town in seeking comfortable quarters. Some curious expressions
were caught up from the people in this region, and long lingered in
the regiment. A few of our men were at a farm-house, and, as they
sat down at the supper-table, the good mistress of the house
apologized for the quality of the fare in these terms: "Our butter is
gin out, but you can wobble your corndodgers in the ham-fat if you
choose." A forager asked a woman if she had any molasses. "Well,"
she replied, "we haven't many, but we have a few!"
To our great surprise, the next day, March 2d, we moved back to
Mossy Creek. Why, we knew not, as there was no enemy threatening
us. We reached Mossy Creek about ten P.M., and encamped on the
same spot where we pitched our tents when on the way to
Morristown. We were snug in our blankets that night when orders
came for us to be ready to march at a moment's notice. A little after
midnight Col. Morrison rode up and startled us all with the order,
"Fall in, Thirty-sixth!" In less than five minutes we were on the
march. We moved down to the creek and there halted. The troops of
the Twenty-third Corps were crossing. Citizens and contrabands had
reported that Longstreet was advancing. We built fires and awaited
further orders. Not long after daylight we returned to the camp we
had left so suddenly.
March 5th a brigade of rebel cavalry was reported near, and
Companies B, C, and F of the Thirty-sixth went out on a
reconnoissance. After feeling of our position, however, the cavalry
left. While our men were out they were drawn up in a line of battle
under the brow of a hill, well concealed. Col. Morrison, who
accompanied the scouting party, was a slight distance in advance,
reconnoitring, when a rebel lieutenant, who had lost his reckoning,
being overcome with whiskey, rode up to the brow of the hill. The
colonel drew his revolver and ordered the drunken lieutenant to
dismount. He had on one of our overcoats, and when Gen. Parke
came up, not long after, he gave orders that it should be given to
one of our own men. A goodly-sized knife was the only weapon that
the lieutenant carried.
On the following day we again had orders to be ready to march at a
moment's notice. March 7th we changed our camp, though we still
remained at Mossy Creek.
Orders for a movement were received March 11th, and the reveillé
was sounded at three o'clock the next morning. We marched at five,
Morrison's brigade having the advance. It was a beautiful winter's
day, and we reached Morristown about eleven o'clock. Passing
through the town, we encamped about two miles beyond, on the
Chucky Valley road. The railroad bridge at Strawberry Plains had
now been repaired, and the trains were running to Morristown.
March 13th we had a quiet Sunday, and were to have a brigade
dress-parade at night, when word came from our cavalry pickets
that the rebels had appeared. The Thirty-sixth was ordered out in
the direction indicated; but the enemy had already retired, and we
returned to our camp.
The next morning our cavalry had a short fight. One rebel was killed,
two were wounded, and nine were taken prisoners. About eleven
o'clock we had orders to fall in, and our brigade moved out on the
Chucky Valley road. The Seventy-ninth New York was left at the
cross-roads, about five miles from our camp. We halted at the river,
while the Twentieth Michigan, throwing off their knapsacks,
advanced a couple of miles further. The cavalry sent in one prisoner.
As he joined us he said he had never fought against "you-uns." The
Twentieth Michigan at length returned, and the brigade marched
back to Morristown, where we arrived about dark. Several corn-cribs
along the line of march that day, and one especially at the river,
added somewhat to the daily ration.
The 15th was a cold, raw March day. Just at night there was an
alarm, and our brigade moved out hastily to support the cavalry
pickets; but we were not needed, and soon returned to camp.
The following day brought a confirmation of the rumors which for
some time had been rife among us. The Ninth Corps was ordered to
Annapolis, Md., and we were to commence our eastward journey on
the morrow. We could hardly credit the good news, and joy beamed
in every countenance. Had it been possible for us to forecast the
future our joy would have been considerably lessened.
March 17th the reveillé was sounded at four o'clock, and we
marched at six. It was a morning without clouds, and we were all in
excellent spirits. The Thirty-sixth Massachusetts led the brigade; and
as we left our old camp the brigade band, which was with us, struck
up a lively air, and we were as happy almost as if we were marching
homeward. That night we encamped at Newmarket,—a march of
twenty miles.
The next morning the reveillé was sounded at half-past four, and we
marched at half-past six. Our brigade was still in advance. We
crossed the Holston, at Strawberry Plains, on a pontoon. At half-past
four we pitched our tents seven miles from Knoxville, having
marched nineteen miles.
Early the next morning we resumed our march, and about half-past
ten in the forenoon, having passed through Knoxville, we encamped
near Fort Sanders. That day and the next we remained at Knoxville.
We now learned that we were to march over the mountains into
Kentucky, leaving the sick and the shoeless to be transported by
cars. An inspection of the regiment was accordingly ordered, and the
names of the men whose shoes were in such condition as not to
allow them to make so long a journey were placed in the list of
those for whom transportation was to be furnished. The rest—about
two hundred officers and men—were the toughened remnant of the
one thousand who left Massachusetts a year and a half before. All
were animated with high hopes, and the rough road before us was
one which, even at that inclement season of the year, we were
exceedingly eager to travel.
The next morning, March 21st, we took our last look of scenes with
which we had become so familiar since November 17th, and
commenced our long march. The Thirty-sixth Massachusetts led the
corps. We advanced eighteen miles, and encamped at Clinton.
The next day, in a snow-storm, we were ferried across the Clinch
river in scows. Then, in a raw wind and over icy roads, we marched
seventeen miles, and encamped about four miles from Jacksboro'.
Some of us remembered that it was just a year before that we left
Newport News. The next morning, March 23d, we marched through
Jacksboro', and soon after commenced to ascend the mountains
back of the town. It was a beautiful sight, as the long line of troops
moved up the zigzag road, with muskets glittering in the bright
sunlight. We marched that day thirteen miles. March 24th we
advanced eighteen miles. The road led us up and down mountains
without number. The next morning snow covered the ground. We
marched at half-past six. About eleven o'clock we reached the
Kentucky line. Rain set in early, but we pushed on and advanced
eighteen miles. A rainy night was followed by snow on the morning
of March 26th. During the forenoon the clouds broke and we had fair
weather. At noon we met a wagon-train, loaded with rations which
had been sent out to us from Camp Burnside. That day we marched
nineteen miles. The next morning, at half-past six, we were again on
the road, and about ten o'clock we reached Camp Burnside. From
Jacksboro' to this place our march had led us through an almost
unbroken wilderness, and over the worst of roads, and through
brooks and streams without number. Leaving Camp Burnside we
crossed the Cumberland river about noon, and encamped that night
about a mile beyond Somerset, having marched sixteen miles. March
28th we advanced eighteen miles, and encamped at
Waynesborough. The next day, a little past noon, we encamped at
Hall's Gap, three miles south of Stanford. Snow fell during the night.
March 30th we passed through Lancaster at noon, and at night we
pitched our tents not far from Camp Dick Robinson, having advanced
eighteen miles. The next morning we marched at the usual hour,
passed Camp Nelson about eleven o'clock, and encamped three
miles beyond. The Second Brigade of our division took cars at
Nicholasville in the afternoon. In the morning, April 1st, we marched
to Nicholasville in a pouring rain. Cars arrived about eleven o'clock,
and we embarked at once. There were delays on the road, so that
we did not arrive at Covington until about midnight. It was a cold,
cheerless ride.
The next morning, April 2d, we marched to the barracks, where we
remained until the following day. Transportation having at length
been provided, we marched to the depot in Cincinnati, where we
took the train about eleven A.M. We reached Columbus, O., about
eleven P.M. There we were notified that a lunch had been provided
for the regiment; but it proved to be a mean affair. At Steubenville,
O., which we reached about noon, April 4th, we found a large crowd
of ladies at the depot, with baskets of bread, cakes, and pies. There
we remained about an hour and a half. Resuming our journey, we
reached Pittsburgh, Penn., at midnight. Leaving the cars, we
marched to the City Hall, where a bountiful collation had been
prepared. The men had all they wanted, and that, too, of the best.
At three A.M. we were again on the cars. We crossed the mountains
in a snow-storm. Altoona was reached about eleven o'clock. At nine
o'clock A.M., April 6th, we were in Baltimore. The regiment marched
to the rooms of the relief committee and had breakfast. We
remained in the city until late in the afternoon, and reached
Annapolis, Md., about midnight. Our orders were to remain in the
cars until morning, when we went into camp just outside of the
town. The Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, which had rejoined the corps, its
furlough having expired, furnished the Thirty-sixth with coffee on our
arrival at the camp,—one of many instances of friendly regard
manifested toward us during the war by our old companions in arms.
And so closed, not only our long journey, but a memorable chapter
in our history. What the future had in store for us we little imagined.
 CHAPTER XII.
REORGANIZATION.
The preceding chapters of this regimental history have recorded the
story of the year of preparation and discipline, and the year of trial,
suffering, and winnowing. We now approach what may well be
called the year of sacrifice and martyrdom. We are to recount the
story of the organization so dear to all our hearts, so much, in fact, a
portion of our very existence, which was now to undergo its most
fearful trials, and, by the sacrifice of its noblest blood, to maintain
and enhance a reputation for courage and devotion which had been
won in summer's heat in the fields and swamps of Mississippi, and in
the winter's cold in the mountain wilds of East Tennessee.
At Annapolis we found a large force encamped, the post being
commanded by Colonel Hartranft, of the Fifty-first Pennsylvania
Volunteers, as Provisional Commander. The Ninth Army Corps,
relieved from duty in the Department of the Ohio, had been ordered
to rendezvous at this place for reorganization. On the 7th of January,
soon after his departure from East Tennessee, General Burnside was
reassigned to the command of the Ninth Corps, with instructions to
"recruit and fill up the old regiments," and to increase the strength
of the corps to fifty thousand men, for such service as the War
Department should especially designate. The great popularity of
General Burnside in New England, and the other States represented
in the old Ninth Corps, secured the cordial coöperation of the
authorities, and recruiting was carried forward with gratifying
success. Massachusetts pledged her four veteran infantry regiments,
already in process of organization, and all the New England States,
Pennsylvania, New York, and Michigan, sent forward many new
regiments which had been recruited during the winter under the
personal supervision of General Burnside. Although the destination
of this force remained a mystery, it was confidently expected
throughout the corps that General Burnside was to be assigned to an
independent command, and that a coast expedition was to be
organized. The general impression prevailed that the corps was to be
sent to North Carolina, or to the Virginia peninsula to coöperate with
the Army of the Potomac in the campaign about to open. With this
prospect in view the men were highly elated.
The camp at Annapolis was delightful, and revived the pleasant
memories of Newport News and Camp Dick Robinson,—the only
places where we had ever "played soldier." It was laid out with
military precision, in accordance with army regulations. The
company streets were wide and well-policed, the new white A tents
were decorated with evergreen and holly, and the grounds, laid out
in tasty squares and centre-pieces, presented a beautiful
appearance. Contrasted with what had preceded, and what was
about to follow, it was a genuine holiday camp,—a bright oasis in the
desert of a soldier's life. The burning sun of Mississippi, the deadly
malaria of the Yazoo, the freezing cold and corn-cob rations of
Tennessee, were soon forgotten in the general happiness and
comfort of this delightful camp. Following those long and rigorous
campaigns, the rest and abundant rations were gratefully enjoyed.
Many of the "absent sick" who had been left in general hospitals in
Kentucky and Ohio to recover from the effects of the former severe
campaigns, returned to duty. New clothing and equipments were
issued, and the regiment soon regained something of its familiar
appearance. Company and regimental drills, inspections, parades,
and reviews, together with the work of reorganizing and equipping
the regiment, caused the time to pass rapidly and pleasantly. We
were also visited by many citizens of Massachusetts,—friends of the
regiment,—who brought with them, not cheering words only, but
many substantial tokens of the good-will and affectionate
remembrance of the dear ones at home. Here, also, many of the
officers and men received furloughs for a few days' visit home; and
the fact is worthy of record, that all the men who were accorded this
privilege returned promptly and cheerfully to duty.
In obtaining these furloughs some amusing incidents occurred. One
member of Co. B, impatient at the long delay attending his
application, determined to see "Old Burnie," as he called him, in
person, and plead his own cause. By a little shrewd management, or
strategy, as it was termed, he surprised the General at his breakfast
one Sunday morning. Being outflanked, the General listened
patiently to the veteran's story, then called for the papers and
endorsed on the application, "Approved for seven days. A. E.
Burnside," in characters that defied forgery, doubtless little dreaming
that this man was only a skirmisher from quite a line of men outside,
waiting to "see how the thing worked." The happy soldier "retired in
good order," and, as soon as the success of his daring attack was
known, the General's house was besieged by many others who could
not wait for "red tape" and "regular channels." There were but few
general officers against whom it would be prudent or safe to
advance a second such line; but the boys said they knew their man,
and that "Burnside remembered Knoxville!"
On the 13th of April the entire corps then in camp was reviewed by
Generals Grant and Burnside. The day was delightful, and, as they
rode in front of the long, imposing lines, greeted by cheers and
strains of martial music, and the waving of tattered and blood-
stained banners, the enthusiasm of the men was unbounded.
On the 15th, Lieut.-Col. Goodell, who had been with the regiment
during the journey from Cincinnati, was obliged, on account of the
troublesome nature of his wound, to return to Massachusetts,
receiving leave of absence for fifteen days, leaving the regiment in
command of Major Draper.
On the 19th the corps was reorganized. The old First Division, with
which we had been identified during all our service, was almost
entirely broken up. General Ferrero, our former commander, was
assigned to command the new Fourth Division, composed entirely of
colored troops, and most of the regiments were assigned to the new
Second and Third Divisions. The new First Division was composed
chiefly of regiments recently organized, and those not previously
connected with the corps. The Seventy-ninth New York, One
Hundredth Pennsylvania, and Seventeenth Michigan, were sent to
the Third Division, commanded by General Willcox. It was a severe
disappointment to be thus separated from the brave men with whom
we had shared a common danger and won a common glory; but, as
if to compensate us for this trial, and to render the separation less
painful, we were not parted from our old, well-proved, and dearly
beloved comrades,—the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania. These two
regiments, the Forty-fifth and Thirty-sixth, henceforth to be more
closely attached, and more than ever brothers, were assigned to the
First Brigade, Second Division. Major-General John G. Parke was
announced as Division Commander and Brigadier-General Robert B.
Potter as Commander of the brigade, consisting of the Forty-eighth
and Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, Seventh
Rhode Island, Fifty-first New York, and Fifty-eighth Massachusetts,—
the latter not yet reported,—six regiments, numbering, present for
duty, one hundred and seven officers, and two thousand five
hundred fifty-one enlisted men. With the exception of the Fifty-
eighth Massachusetts, all these regiments had served long in the
Ninth Corps, and had made enviable records. The Fifty-first New
York had been commanded by Generals Ferrero and Potter as
Colonels, and at Antietam Bridge, with the Fifty-first Pennsylvania,
had won a reputation for distinguished bravery and soldierly bearing
second to none in the army. Of our division and brigade
commanders we were justly proud. They had been identified with
the corps during its entire existence, and both had commanded the
corps, reflecting credit upon themselves, the corps, and the service.
At the date of the reorganization of the division both Generals Parke
and Potter were absent, on account of sickness; and that portion of
the order relating to commanders in the Second Division was never
carried into effect. Colonel S. G. Griffin, Sixth New Hampshire
Volunteers, commanding the Second Brigade, was placed in
temporary command of the division, and Colonel Joshua K. Sigfried,
of the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, assumed command of
our brigade. Both these officers were able and distinguished soldiers.
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