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Supporting Creativity And Imagination In The Early Years

Duffy

Understanding Children s Development in the Early Years

Questions Practitioners Frequently Ask The Nursery World
Routledge Essential Guides for Early Years Practitioners
1st Edition Christine Macintyre

Supporting Learning and Teaching Foundation Degree Texts S

1st Edition Christine Bold (Editor)

Outdoor Learning in the Early Years Management and

Innovation 3rd Edition Helen Bilton
Vygotsky in Action in the Early Years The Key to Learning
Curriculum 1st Edition Galina Dolya

Gender Equity In The Early Years Browne

Autism and Early Years Practice A Guide for Early Years

Professionals Teachers and Parents 1st Edition Kate Wall

The Sneetches and Other Stories Classic Seuss 1st Edition

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Movement and Learning in the Early Years Supporting
Dyspraxia DCD and Other Difficulties 1st Edition Dr
Christine Macintyre Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Dr Christine Macintyre, Kim McVitty
ISBN(s): 9781412902373, 1412902371
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 5.24 MB
Year: 2004
Language: english
Christine Macintyre and Kim McVitty

Movement
and Learning
in the Early Years
Supporting Dyspraxia (DCD)
and Other Difficulties
9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page i

M ove m e n t a n d L e a r n i n g i n
t he E a r l y Ye a r s
9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page ii

Dr Christine Macintyre, previously Senior Lecturer at Edinburgh University, is now an Honorary

Research Fellow there. She speaks at conferences and holds training sessions on play, childhood devel-
opment, special educational needs and research methods.

Kim McVitty is a nursery teacher in an inner city school. She has previously taught in Abu Dhabi
(Emirates) and Northern Ireland. Her key interests are the early identification of learning difficulties,
especially dyspraxia, and she spearheads developments in that area. She is currently studying for the
Chartered Teacher award.
9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page iii

M ove m e n t a n d L e a r n i n g i n
t he E a r l y Ye a r s

Supporting Dyspraxia (DCD) and Other Difficulties

Christine Macintyre
and
Kim McVitty

Paul Chapman Publishing

9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page iv

© Christine Macintyre and Kim McVitty

First published 2004

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced,
stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the
publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms
should be sent to the publishers.

Paul Chapman Publishing

A SAGE Publications Company
1 Oliver’s Yard
55 City Road
London EC1Y 1SP

SAGE Publications Inc.

2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, California 91320

SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd

B-42, Panchsheel Enclave
Post Box 4109
New Delhi 100 017

Library of Congress Control Number: 2003116896

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 1 4129 0236 3

ISBN 1 4129 0237 1 (pbk)

Typeset by Pantek Arts Ltd, Maidstone, Kent

Printed in Great Britain by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Wiltshire
9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page v

C ontents

Acknowledgements vii
Preface ix
Introduction xiii

1 Early intervention in movement and learning 1

Part 1 Making the case 2
Development of the brain 5
Self-esteem 9
Being bullied 13
Part 2 Movement and learning 16
The ABC of learning – attention balance and control 16
Differences in movement ability 20
The importance of movement ability 22
The size of the problem 25
Ways to help 27

2 Analysing, observing and assessing movement 29

Part 1 Analysing movement 30
Factors for analysis 31
Movement abilities 40
Open and closed skills 44
Part 2 Observing and assessing movement 46
Assessment 46
Observation 51
Examples of the process of assessments 52
Other factors in assessment 56

3 Learning and perception 61

Part 1 Learning and movement 62
Constructivism 63
The pace of new learning 65
Matching teaching and learning styles 65
Critical learning periods 66
Part 2 Perception 68
The vestibular sense 70
The auditory sense 72
9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page vi

MOVEMENT AND LEARNING IN THE EARLY YEARS

The tactile sense 73

The visual sense 74
The senses of taste and smell 75
The proprioceptive sense 76
The kinaesthetic sense 76
Some questions for parents to consider 77

4 Handwriting and mathematics – a movement perspective 81

Part 1 Handwriting 82
A sense of hand preference/dominance 85
Ability to recognise/visualise/remember the pattern of the letter or word 85
The strength and control in their shoulder, arm and hand 88
The necessary movement abilities 91
Enough spatial/kinaesthetic competence 92
The correct resources 94
Enough space on the desktop 95
Left-handed writers 95
Part 2 Mathematics 98
Conservation 99
Visual perception 99
Sequencing difficulties 100
Counting on the number track 100
Spatial understanding in different algorithms 101
Mental maths 101
The confusing language of mathematics 102

5 Programmes of activities for perceptual-movement programmes 103

Introduction 104
Six golden rules 106
Fun ways of teaching 108
Planning and organising movement 122
The importance of practice 122

Appendices 125
1 Norms of development 125
2 Competences from the curriculum guidance documents 126
3 The underlying factors influencing movement 128
4 A brief outline of specific learning difficulties 129

Glossary of commonly used terms 133

Bibliography 137

Index 141

vi
9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page vii

A c k n ow l e d g e m e n t s

Our thanks go to all those who have shared their thoughts, concerns and
experiences both happy and sad for these are the things that made this book
possible. Thank you to all the children who tried out activities and evaluated
our plans. Some will see themselves in the book and we hope they are
pleased. Lastly a speical mention to David Barrington who gave us ideas and
who helped prepare resources for the activities that were suggested as support
strategies in the text. Thank you all.

vii
9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page viii
9110 Prelims pi-xviii 23/4/04 3:39 pm Page ix

P reface

This book is written to support parents and practioners who wish to under-
stand movement and how it contributes to all aspects of learning – intellectual,
social and emotional, as well as the movement/motor aspect itself. Moreover,
as there is a huge increase in the number of children with movement learning
difficulties (Keen, 2001), that is children who do not move confidently and
easily, the book also highlights the significant part less competent movement
plays within the specific learning difficulties, e.g. dyspraxia, dyslexia and the
attention deficit disorders (ADD), and with hyperactivity (ADHD).

Why is movement so important?

From the very earliest age, being able to move confidently and efficiently in
many environments underlies most, if not all, activities of daily living. An
interesting claim by Laszlo and Bairstow (1985) in fact is that ‘all overt behav-
iour is expressed through movement’ and while this gives us pause for
thought, it also begs the question, ‘How are we to know if children have
learned if they don’t move?’ Considering possible answers also demonstrates
that ‘movement’ is much more than physical education, important though
that is. It is part of writing and mathematics; it is essential in getting dressed,
in using a knife and fork, even in being able to speak. It is part of communica-
tion both verbally and through touch and so it is fundamental to the
achievement of a whole plethora of social skills. Moreover, movement allows
children to do what they want to do, in other words to control their environ-
ment, and thus is essential to their becoming more independent. Being able to
carry out activities such as tying laces, catching a ball or riding a bike just as
well as and at the same time as their friends makes a huge contribution to a
child’s self-esteem. This in turn impacts on how confidently they approach
and complete all kinds of learning tasks. All of these precursors to learning are
discussed in the book.

It goes without saying that all the adults who interact with young chil-
dren want them to do well in all aspects of their living and learning. For a very
few children, providing a movement environment with resources that stimu-

ix
Other documents randomly have
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 Biochemistry - Cheat Sheet
Fall 2023 - College

Prepared by: Lecturer Davis

Date: August 12, 2025

Practice 1: Critical analysis and evaluation

Learning Objective 1: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Case studies and real-world applications
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Best practices and recommendations
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 4: Key terms and definitions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 5: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 5: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 7: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 8: Current trends and future directions
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
References 2: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Key Concept: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Ethical considerations and implications
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 12: Study tips and learning strategies
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 14: Historical development and evolution
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Review 3: Study tips and learning strategies
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 21: Ethical considerations and implications
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 29: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Topic 4: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Example 30: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Practical applications and examples
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 37: Experimental procedures and results
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 40: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Background 5: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Example 40: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 41: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 42: Ethical considerations and implications
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 43: Key terms and definitions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 46: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Part 6: Statistical analysis and interpretation
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 51: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 51: Study tips and learning strategies
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 56: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 58: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Research findings and conclusions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice 7: Fundamental concepts and principles
Example 60: Current trends and future directions
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 62: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 63: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 67: Practical applications and examples
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 68: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Review 8: Ethical considerations and implications
Note: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 73: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 73: Literature review and discussion
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 74: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 75: Study tips and learning strategies
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 78: Practical applications and examples
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Test 9: Case studies and real-world applications
Example 80: Best practices and recommendations
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
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