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Chemistry Cheat Sheet

The document is a chemistry cheat sheet covering four main branches: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Inorganic Chemistry. It outlines key definitions, concepts, methods, and reactions relevant to each branch, including qualitative and quantitative analysis, biomolecules, functional groups, and periodic trends. Essential topics such as enzyme activity, bonding types, and acid-base theories are also summarized.

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Jesafel Ugbaniel
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20 views1 page

Chemistry Cheat Sheet

The document is a chemistry cheat sheet covering four main branches: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Inorganic Chemistry. It outlines key definitions, concepts, methods, and reactions relevant to each branch, including qualitative and quantitative analysis, biomolecules, functional groups, and periodic trends. Essential topics such as enzyme activity, bonding types, and acid-base theories are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Jesafel Ugbaniel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY CHEAT SHEET – AnChem, Biochem, OrgChem, InorgChem

1. Analytical Chemistry (AnChem) ■


Definition: Determines the identity (qualitative) and amount (quantitative) of substances.
Main Branches: - Qualitative: What is present? - Quantitative: How much is present?
Key Concepts: - Accuracy: Closeness to the true value. - Precision: Repeatability of results. - Systematic
error: Consistent error due to equipment/procedure. - Random error: Unpredictable fluctuations in results. -
Calibration: Adjusting instruments for accuracy.
Common Methods: - Titration (acid-base, redox, complexometric) - Spectroscopy (UV-Vis, IR, AAS, NMR) -
Chromatography (TLC, HPLC, GC) - Gravimetric analysis (mass measurements)

2. Biochemistry (Biochem) ■
Definition: Study of chemical processes and molecules in living organisms.
Main Biomolecules: - Carbohydrates: Energy (mono-, di-, polysaccharides) - Lipids: Energy storage,
membranes, signaling - Proteins: Structure, enzymes, hormones - Nucleic acids: DNA/RNA, genetic
information
Key Concepts: - Enzyme activity: Catalysts that lower activation energy - Metabolism: Anabolism (build) &
Catabolism (break down) - Cellular respiration: Glycolysis → Krebs cycle → ETC → ATP - Photosynthesis:
Light reaction & Calvin cycle - pH & buffers: Maintain stable biological environment - Vitamins & cofactors:
Assist enzyme function

3. Organic Chemistry (OrgChem) ■


Definition: Study of carbon-containing compounds.
Bonding: - Covalent bonds dominate - Carbon forms chains and rings
Functional Groups: - Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics - Oxygen-containing: Alcohol,
aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, ether - Nitrogen-containing: Amine, amide, nitrile
Key Reactions: - Substitution, Addition, Elimination, Oxidation-Reduction - Polymerization: Addition &
condensation polymers
Isomerism: - Structural: Different connectivity - Stereoisomers: Same connectivity, different 3D
arrangement

4. Inorganic Chemistry (InorgChem) ■■


Definition: Study of compounds without C-H frameworks (except carbonates, cyanides).
Periodic Trends: - Atomic radius decreases across a period, increases down a group - Electronegativity
increases across a period, decreases down a group - Ionization energy increases across a period,
decreases down a group
Bond Types: - Ionic: Electron transfer - Covalent: Electron sharing - Metallic: Sea of electrons
Coordination Chemistry: - Complex ions: Central metal + ligands - Coordination number: Number of ligand
bonds - Ligands: Molecules/ions donating electron pairs
Acid-Base Theories: - Arrhenius: H■ donor / OH■ donor - Brønsted-Lowry: Proton donor/acceptor - Lewis:
Electron pair acceptor/donor

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