GENERAL MATHEMATICS

QUARTER 1 EXAMINATION
Functions
 special kind of relation where in each element in the domain is
associated to only one range
 range and domain shouldn’t be repeated
 (1,2) (3,4) (5,7) (6,9) = function
 (1,2) (2,2) (3,4) (5,4)= not function
Relation
 any set of ordered pairs
Ordered Pair
 a pair of element that is in a form of (x,y)
 Ex. (1,2) (2,3) (3,4) (4,5)
Set
 collections of well-defined and distinct objects called elements that
share common characteristics
Domain
 set of all x or input values
 first coordinate
Range
 set of all y or output values
 second coordinate
Other names of (X,Y)
 x- coordinate – domain – abscissa
 y- coordinate – range – ordinate
Vertical Line Test/Graph
 relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by a graph in
cartesian plane and that a function passes the vertical line test
 simplest way of determining whether a graph represents a function or
not
Horizontal Line Test- used to determine if a function is one-to-one function or
not
Mapping
 shows how the elements are paired
 flow chart of a function
Table of Values
 inputting values to find corresponding the corresponding values
Graph
 graphing coordinates on a cartesian plane
Function Machine
 a machine where there is the input and the output
Evaluating a function
 finding the value of the function for a given value of the variable
 ex. f ( x )=x 2−5 x +3

Law of Substitution- if a + x = b and x = c, then a + c = b

TYPES OF FUNCTION
Constant Function
 a function that has the same output value no matter what your input
value is
f ( x )=mx+b where m=0 and b is any real number. Thus, f (x)=b
Identify Function
 a function which returns the same value, which was used as its
argument f (x)=mx+b where m=1 and b=0. Thus,
f (x)=x
mx = slope
positive negative

if m=0, there will be no slope

y 2− y
Slope – the measure of stiffness m= 1
= 2 slope & y− y 1=m(x−x) = 1 slope
x 2−x 1
Polynomial Function- function that includes only non-negative integer powers
Linear Function- function with one degree f (x)=mx+b
ex. y= 2x+5

Quadratic Function- function with degree two f ( x)=ax 2+ bx+ c

where a≠0 and a, b, c, and d are constant

and x is a variable
ex. y=3 x 2 +2 x+5

Cubic Function – function is polynomial of three degree

ex. y=5 x 3 +3 x 2+2 x +5

Power Function

 a function in form of y=a x2 where b is any real constant number

 ex. f ( x )=8 x 5

Rational Function

P( x )
 any function which can be represented by a rational function say
Q(x)

in which numerator, p(x) and denominator, q(x) are polynomial

function of x, where q(x)≠0

2
x −3 x+ 2
 ex. f ( x )= 2
x −4

Exponential Function
  form of y=a b x ,if the base b is greater than 1 then the result is

exponential growth

 ex. y=2x

Logarithmic Function– inverse of exponential function

y=log , 49

Absolute Value Equation– the non-negative value of x without regard to its

sign

y=1 x−41+ 2

Greatest Integer Function- (always positive)

ex. f ( x )=11× 11+1 where 11×11 is the greatest

integer function

Operation of a Function

 for all the values of x for which both f(x) and g(x) are defined

Addition Subtraction

( f +g ) ( x ) =f (x )+ g(x) ( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g (x)

Multiplication Division

( f ∙ g ) ( x )=f ( x) ∙ g( x ) ( fg ) ( x )= gf (x(x))
Composition Function ( f ∙ g ) ( 4 )=x 2 +4 x +20
 method of contributing a function¿ 4 2 +4 ( 4 )+ 20

from two given functions ¿ 16+16+ 20

  consist of using range element of one¿ 52
function as the domain element of another function
Piecewise Function
 compound function is a function defined by multiple sub-functions,
where each sub-function applies to a certain interval of the main

{
functions h ( x )= }
2 ,if x ≤ 1
x ,if x >1
Floor Function
 very special piecewise function
 has infinite number of pieces
−b 4 ac−b
2
Vertex of Parabola - x ∙ x= y ∙ y=
2a 4a
Graphing Linear Function/Equations
a. the point plotting method
b. the slope – intercept method
4 STEPS IN SOLVING REAL LIFE PROBLEM
 Explore
 Plan
 Solve
 Check
Profit Function – P(x)= Total Revenue – Total Cost – Fixed Cost
Cost of Product- Variable Cost- Fixed Cost of Total
items
X (times) number of other expenses of product
materials
Rational Equation – equation with = symbol involving rational expression
x +4 1
=
x−1 5
x +4 1
Rational Inequality – inequality involving rational expression ≤
x−1 5
One-to-One Function
 each value of y in the range of f, there is just one value of x in the
domain of such that
  y=f (x )
 f is one-to-one, if f ( x )=f ( x 2 ) ,implies x 1=x 2

The Function Notation

 y=f(x)
 tells you that y is a function of x, if there is a rule relating y to x, such
as y= 3x+y, then you ca also write f(x)= 3x+1
Special Products
 the square of a binomial is the square of the first term plus twice the
product of the two terms plus the square of the last term
Intercept – one point on ones where the graph intersects
x-intercept – point on x-axis where the graph intersects y=0 (zeroes)
y-intercept – point on y-axis where the graph intersects x=0
Asymptote
 imaginary line to which a graph gets closer and closer as the x or y
increases or decreases its value without limit
Vertical Asymptote = Domain = the line x=a of the function y=f(x)
Horizontal Asymptote = Range = the line y=b of the function y=f(x)
a
n=m y= n>m there is no horizontal asymptote
b
n<m y=0
Theorem on Vertical Asymptote
 if the real numbers a is a zero of the denominator q(x), then the graph
P(x)
of f ( x )= , where P(x) and Q(x) have no common factors, has the
Q(x )
vertical asymptote x=a
Oblique Asymptote
 known as diagonal or slant asymptote
 line y= mx + b is an oblique asymptote for the graph of f(x); if f(x)
gets closer to mx + b or x gets really large or really small

Solving Exponential Equation

Exponent – how many times the base will be multiplied by itself
 x
4 =64
x 3
4 =4
x=3
Even and Odd Function
Even
 the function f is an Even function if and only if f(-x) = f(x), for all (x) in
the domain of (f)
 the right hand side of the equation of even function does not change
even (x) is replaced with (-x)
Odd
 the function f is an Odd function if and only if f(-x) = f(x), for all (x) in
the domain of (f)
 the right hand equation of odd function changes sign if (-x) is replaced
with (x)
Product Rule of Exponents
 to multiply powers, keep the and add exponents
Power of Rule Exponents
 to find the power of a base, keep the base and multiply the exponents

Power of Product Rule

 to find the power of a product, find the power of each function and
then multiply the resulting powers
Natural Base e (Eural’s Number)

( ) approaches as x to
2
1
 the number e is defined as the value that 1+
x
infinity
 for any real number x, the function f ( x )=e x is defined as the natural
exponential function