THERAPEUTIC

MODALITIES
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY

-A self – help social learning treatment model used for

clients with problems of drug abuse and other behavioral
problems such as alcoholism, stealing and other anti-social
tendencies.
-An environment that helps people get help while helping
others. It is a treatment environment: the interaction of its
members are designed to be therapeutic within the context
of the norms that require for each to play the dual role of
client-therapist.
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Punishment
Is the redress that the state takes against
an offending member.
 Justification of
Purpose
Punishment
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

◼ Retribution - the punishment should be provided by the

state whose sanction is violated, to afford the society or the
individual the opportunity of imposing upon the offender
suitable punishment as might been forced. Offenders
should be punished because they deserve it.
◼ Expiation or atonement – it is punishment in the form of
group vengeance where the purpose is to appease the
offended public or group.
 Justification of
Purpose
Punishment
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

◼ Deterrence - punishment gives lesson to the offender by

showing to others what would happen to them if they
violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential
offenders that they can not afford to do what the offender
has done.
 Justification of
Purpose
Punishment
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

◼ Incapacitation- (physical or geographical) - the public

will be protected if the offender has being held in
conditions where he cannot harm others especially the
public. Punishment is effected by placing offenders in
prison so that society will be ensured from further criminal
depredations of criminals.
 Justification of
Purpose
Punishment
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

◼ Rehabilitation/Reformation – directed towards helping

the prisoners to become a law abiding citizens and to be
productive upon the return to the community by requiring
them undergo an intensive rehabilitation program.
 TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
- under DILG which has supervision over all district,
city and municipal jails and detention centers.
• Provincial Jail
- under the supervision and control of Provincial
Governments
 TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) – under the Department of
Justice (DOJ), which has control over the national penitentiary
and its penal farms, house convicted offenders with prison
sentencing ranging from 3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
-takes cares of, among others, youthful offenders entered in
detention centers for juveniles.
 TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS IN THE
PHILIPPINES

• The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)

-under the Department of Justice (DOJ)

• The Board of Pardons and Parole - also under the

DOJ.
Correction – defined as that branch of the
administration of CJS charged with the responsibility for
the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of convicted
offenders; the study of jail or prison management and
administration as well as the rehabilitation and
reformation of criminals
Institutional Corrections – that aspect of the
correctional enterprise that involves the
incarceration and rehabilitation of adults and
juveniles convicted of offenses against the law, and
the confinement of persons suspected of a crime
awaiting trial and adjudication.
Non-Institutional Corrections – that aspect of the
correctional enterprise that includes pardon,
probation, and parole activities, correctional
administration not directly connectable to institutions,
and miscellaneous activity not directly related to
institutional
 BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)
formerly Bureau of Prisons created under the
Reorganization Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November
1, 1905) as an agency under the Department of Commerce
and Police was changed into Bureau of Corrections
through Revise Administrative Code of 1987 (E.O. 292) and
Proclamation No. 495 issued on November 22, 1989
RA 10575 – also known as the Bureau of
Corrections Act of 2013, the current law on BuCor has
supervision over the national penitentiary and its penal
farms
2. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP)

− created by virtue of RA 6975, also known as the

DILG Act of 1990
− an agency under the DILG
− it has the exclusive control over all city, municipal
and district Jails nationwide
− Types of Jails
• Lock-up Jail – a facility for the temporary detention of persons
held for investigation or awaiting preliminary investigation;

• Ordinary Jail – houses offenders awaiting court trial and those

convicted offenders who are serving sentences that does not
exceed 3 years; where juvenile offenders and the mentally
insane people are usually detained while their transfer to other
institutions are pending; commonly found in every city or
municipality
• Work House, Jail Farm or Camp – facility that houses
minimum custody offenders who are serving short sentences
where PDLs undergo constructive work programs
3. Provincial Governments
− under the supervision and control of Provincial
Governments
− supervise and control their respective provincial
and sub-provincial Jails

4. Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD)
− takes care of, among others, youthful offenders
entered in detention centers for juveniles
NON-INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTION OR
COMMUNITY-BASED
APPROACH
• Non-Institutional Correction or Community-
Based Approach - refers to correctional activities
that may take place within the community or the
method of correcting sentenced offenders without
having to go to prison. Not all convicted offenders
have to serve their sentence behind bars. Some
of them are allowed to stay in the community,
subject to the conditions imposed by the court.
1.Probation
− one of the most common forms of community correction
thought of as a type of post-trial diversion from
incarceration
− a disposition under which a defendant after conviction of
an offense, the penalty of which does not exceed 6
years of imprisonment, is released subject to the
conditions imposed by the releasing court and under the
supervision of a probation officer.
2. Parole
− the process of suspending the sentence of a convict
after having serve the minimum of his sentence without
granting him pardon, and the prescribing term upon
which the sentence shall be suspended.

Executive Clemency – shall refer to Absolute Pardon,

Conditional Pardon with or without Parole conditions and
Commutation of Sentence as may be granted by the
President of the Philippines upon the recommendation of
the Board of Pardon and Parole.
3. Pardon
− a form of executive clemency granted by the President of the Philippines as a
privilege to a convict as a discretionary act of grace.
− an act of grace extended to prisoners as a matter of right, vested to the Chief
Executive (The President) as a matter of power.
2 types of pardon:
1. Absolute Pardon – refers to the total extinction of the criminal
liability of the individual to whom it is granted without any condition
whatsoever and restores to the individual his civil rights and remits
the penalty imposed for the particular offense of which he was
convicted.
Purpose:
a. To right a wrong
b. To normalize a tumultuous political situation.
2. Conditional Pardon – refers to the exemption of an individual, within certain
limits or conditions; from the punishment that the law inflicts for the offense he has
committed resulting in the partial extinction of his criminal liability.
4. Amnesty
− a general pardon extended to a group of
persons, such as political offenders purposely to
bring about the return of dissidents to their
home and to restore peace and order in the
community.
5. Commutation of Sentence
− an act of the president changing/ reducing a heavier
sentence to a lighter one or a longer term into a
shorter term. It may alter death sentence to life
sentence or life sentence to a term of years. It does
not forgive the offender but merely to reduce the
penalty pronounce by the court.
6. Reprieve
− a temporary stay of the execution of sentence
especially the execution of the death sentence,
generally extended to prisoners sentenced to death.
AGENCIES INVOLVED IN
COMMUNITY-BASED
CORRECTIONS
1. Parole and Probation Administration

− formerly Probation Administration created by virtue of PD 968 (Probation

Law) under the Department of Justice

− an agency to be known as the Probation Administration herein referred

to as the Administration, which shall exercise general supervision over
all probationers.

− was renamed Parole and Probation Administration under Executive

Order no. 292, entitled “the Administrative Code of 1987”, promulgated
on November 23, 1989. It was given the added function of supervising
prisoners who, after serving part of their sentence in jails are released
on parole or are granted pardon with parole conditions.
2. Board of Pardons and Parole

− created by virtue of Act No. 4103, known as the

Indeterminate Sentence Law

− an agency under the Department of Justice (DOJ) tasked

to uplift and redeem valuable human resources to
economic usefulness and to prevent unnecessary and
excessive deprivation of personal liberty by way of parole
or through executive clemency.
 BJMP Classification

• Categories of Inmates

• Prisoner – inmate who is convicted by final judgment

a. Detainee – inmate who is undergoing investigation/trial or awaiting
final judgment.
 BJMP Classification

• Classification of Prisoners
a.Insular Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of
three (3) years and one (1) day to reclusion perpetua or life
imprisonment
b.Provincial Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term
of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years
c.City Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of one
(1) day to three (3) years
d.Municipal Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term
of one (1) day to six (6) months.
• Classification of Detainees

a.Undergoing investigation
b.Awaiting or undergoing trial
c.Awaiting final judgment
REHABILITATION
A set of interventions designed to
optimize functioning and reduce
disability in individuals with health
conditions in interaction with their
environment. (WHO, 2022)
 PERSON DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY

A detainee, inmate, or prisoner, or other

person under confinement or custody in
any other manner (RA 10757)

To promote and ensure their reformation

and social reintegration, creatin an
environment conducive to rehabilitation
and compliant with the United Nations
Standard Minimum Rules for Treatment of
Prisoners (UNSMRTP)
UN Nations Standard Minimum
Rules for the Treatment of
Prisoners (Nelson Mandela
Rules)

The Rules are based on an

obligation to treat all prisoners
with respect for their inherent
dignity and value as human
beings, and to prohibit torture
and other forms of ill-
treatment.
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE NELSON
MANDELA RULES

Rule 1
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

All prisoners shall be treated with respect due to their

inherent dignity and value as human beings. No prisoner
shall be subjected to, and all prisoners shall be protected
from torture, and other cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment, for which no circumstances
whatsoever may be invoked as a justification. The safety
and security of prisoners, staff, service providers and visitors
shall be ensured at all times.
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE NELSON
MANDELA RULES

Rule 2
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

The present rules shall be applied impartially. There shall be

no discrimination on the grounds of race, color, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or
social origin, property, birth or any other status. The religious
beliefs and moral precepts of prisoners shall be respected.
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE NELSON
MANDELA RULES

Rule 3
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Imprisonment and other measures that result in cutting off

persons from the outside world are afflictive by the very fact
of taking from these persons the right of self-determination
by depriving them of their liberty. Therefore the prison
system shall not, except as incidental to justifiable
separation or the maintenance of discipline, aggravate the
suffering inherent in such a situation.
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE NELSON
MANDELA RULES

Rule 4
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Imprisonment and other measures that result in cutting off

persons from the outside world are afflictive by the very fact
of taking from these persons the right of self-determination
by depriving them of their liberty. Therefore the prison
system shall not, except as incidental to justifiable
separation or the maintenance of discipline, aggravate the
suffering inherent in such a situation.
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE NELSON
MANDELA RULES

Rule 5
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

The prison regime should seek to minimize any differences

between prison life and life at liberty that tend to lessen the
responsibility of the prisoners or the respect due to their
dignity as human beings.
PENOLOGY (PENAL SCIENCE)

A DIVISION OF CRIMINOLOGY THAT

CONCERNS WITH THE PHILOSOPHY AND
PRACTICE OF SOCIETY IN ITS EFFORTS TO
REPRESS CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
CONCEPTIONS OF CRIMINAL REHABILITATION

1. REHABILITATION AS ANTI-RECIDIVISM
2. REHABILITATION AS HARM – REDUCTION
3. REHABILITATION AS THERAPY
4. REHABILITATION AS MORAL IMPROVEMENT
5. REHABILITATION AS RESTORATION
 REHABILITATION AS ANTI -
RECIDIVISM
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Recidivism - a relapse, or return, to a specific behavior,

generally in a negative context.

Purpose: To reduce the likelihood that the person will re-

offend
 REHABILITATION AS HARM -
REDUCTION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

● To prevent harmful conduct by the person

● To reduce the likelihood that the offender will perform
actions that either cause serious setbacks to well-being,
or pose a great risk of doing so
● It aims at improving offenders’ responsiveness to
prudential and moral reasons
 REHABILITATION AS THERAPY
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

● To have causally contributed to the person's’ past

offenses
● The aim overlaps with those of clinical medicine
specifically, given the focus on mental illnesses and
deficits, clinical psychiatry
● Preventing re-offending, protecting the public, or
advancing the social good
 REHABILITATION AS MORAL
IMPROVEMENT
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

● To prevent wrongdoing insofar as it can teach both

wrongdoers and the public at large the moral reasons for
choosing not to perform an offense
 REHABILITATION AS
RESTORATION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

● To restore the offender’s social or moral standing in

society of his social or moral relations with others, or
fostering the capacities needed for such restoration.
● Includes social and vocational capacities as well as
moral ones
REHABILITATION
and
REFORMATION
of
PDL
 REHABILITATION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

A program of activity directed to restore a PDL’s self-

respect and sense of responsibility to the community,
thereby making him/her a law-abiding citizen after
serving his/her sentence (BJMP, 2015)
 REFORMATION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

● Means of amending or improving by changing an

inmate’s behavior or removing his/her faults or abuse
and removing or correcting an abuse of a wrong or error
(BJMP, 2015)
● Refers to the acts which ensure the public that released
national inmates are no longer harmful to the community
by becoming reformed individuals prepared to live a
normal ang productive life upon reintegration to the
mainstream society (RA 10575, 2013, Sec. 3)
HISTORY OF REHABILITATIVE AND REFORMATIVE
APPROACH
CESARE BECARRIA (1738 - 1794)

➢ helped form a society called “the

academy of fists”
➢ His work is a passionate plea to
humanize and rationalize law and
to make punishment just and
reasonable
● The first person to assert that the
punishment should be in proportion
to the harm done.
● According to him there must be a
reasoned balanced between the
seriousness of the crime and the
punishment imposed.
SAMUEL ROMILLY (1757 - 1818)

● An English legal reformer whose chief

efforts were devoted to lessening the
severity of English criminal law.
● He devoted his life to advocating on
behalf of the lower classes and
worked to reform England’s criminal
law by abolishing capital punishment
for minor crimes.
ZEBULON BROCKWAY(1827 - 1920)

● Father of Prison Reform

● Father of American Parole
● He advocates a program designed
to educate and reform prisoners
rather than punish them
● He believed that rehabilitation
could be achieved through
education
ROBERT MARTINSON (1927 - 1979)

● Wrote an article entitled “What

Works? Questions and Answers
About Prison Reform”
● To assess the effectiveness of various
prison reforms, particularly those
aimed at rehabilitating criminal
offenders and reducing recidivism
● His essay painted a picture of
modern rehabilitation that could
only be characterized by
widespread failure.
ROBERT MARTINSON (1927 - 1979)

1. There are some correctional services

which rely only on some specific
methods like psychoanalysis. Even
though it is one of the important
methods which is used in
rehabilitative services, completely
basing on this method will not serve
the purpose of all the offenders who
need rehabilitation.
ROBERT MARTINSON (1927 - 1979)

2. The authorities most of the time use

their rehabilitative correctional services
to change those behaviors of the
offender which are not the actual
cause of their deviant act.

3. In most of the rehabilitative

correctional services the employees
who offer these services are not
adequately skilled enough to provide
those services.
MARK LIPSEY and FRANCIS CULLEN

1. The rehabilitative correctional

services are not scientifically up to
date at many times.

1. The authorities do not use the

available research to determine the
what works of a particular criminal
and then implement the same on
that particular criminal.
MARK LIPSEY and FRANCIS CULLEN

3. The attitude of the staff members of

these services. They merely rely on their
own convenience in treating the
offenders. They only use the customary
techniques in these services and justify
it by saying that “we have done it in
this way, and there is no reason to
change it.” They also rely on some ill
ideologies or mindsets like “the
criminals are scumbags, why waste
time and money on them.”
BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PHILOSOPHY
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY

-A self – help social learning treatment model used for

clients with problems of drug abuse and other behavioral
problems such as alcoholism, stealing and other anti-social
tendencies.
-An environment that helps people get help while helping
others. It is a treatment environment: the interaction of its
members are designed to be therapeutic within the context
of the norms that require for each to play the dual role of
client-therapist.
 ACTIVITIES IN THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY MODALITY

●
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Individual and Group Counseling

● Moral, Spiritual, Values Formation
● Work or Job Placement/ Referral
● Vocational/ Livelihood and Skills Training
● Health, Mental and Medical Services
● Literacy and Education
● Community Service
● Client Self-Help Organization
● Payment of Civil Liability
● Environment and Ecology Awareness Program
● Sports and Physical Fitness
 INDIVIDUAL and GROUP
COUNSELING
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

This activity intends to assists the clients in trying to sort out

their problems, identify solutions, reconcile conflicts and
help resolve them. This could be done either by individual or
group interaction with the officers of the assigned agency.
 MORAL, SPIRITUAL, VALUES
FORMATION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Seminars, lectures or training offered or arranged by the

designated agency comprise these rehabilitation activities.
Active NGOs, schools, civic and religious organizations are
tapped to facilitate the activities.
 WORK or JOB PLACEMENT/
REFERRAL
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Categorized as an informal program wherein a client is

referred for work or job placement through the officer’s own
personnel effort, contact or information.
 VOCATIONAL/ LIVELIHOOD and
SKILLS TRAINING
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Includes the setting up of seminars and skills training classes

like food preservation and processing, candle making,
novelty items and handicrafts making, etc., to help the
clients earn extra income.

Vocational and technical trade classes are available such

as refrigeration, automotive mechanics, radio/ television
and electronics repairs, tailoring, dressmaking, basic
computer training, etc.
 HEALTH, MENTAL and MEDICAL
SERVICES
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

To address some of the basic needs of clients and their

families, medical missions are organized to provide various
forms of medical and health services including physical
examination and treatment, free medicines and vitamins,
dental examination and treatment, drug dependency test
and laboratory examination.

Psychological testing and evaluation as well as psychiatric

treatment are likewise provided
 LITERACY AND EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

In coordination with LGU programs, adult education classes

are available to help clients learn basic writing, reading and
arithmetic.

This is particularly intended for clients who are “no read, no

write” to help them become functionally literate.
 COMMUNITY SERVICE
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

This program refers to the services in the community

rendered by clients for the benefit of society.

This includes tree planting, beautification drives, cleaning

and greening of surroundings, maintenance of public parks
and places, garbage collection, blood donation and similar
socio-civic activities.
 CLIENT SELF-HELP
ORGANIZATION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

This program takes the form of cooperatives and client

associations wherein the clients from cooperatives and
associations as an economic group to venture on small-
scale projects.

This serve another purpose by providing some structure to

the lives of clients where they re-learn the basics of working
within a group with hierarchy, authority, and responsibility
much like in the bigger society.
 PAYMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITY
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

The payment of civil liability or indemnification to victims of

offenders are pursued despite the economic status of
clients.

Payment of obligations to the victims instills in the minds of

the clients their responsibility and the consequences of the
harm they inflicted to others.
 ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGY
AWARENESS PROGRAMS
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

To instill awareness and concern in preserving ecological

balance and environmental health, seminars/ lectures are
conducted wherein clients participate.

These seminars/ lectures tackle anti-smoke belching

campaigns, organic farming, waste management,
segregation and disposal and proper care of the
environment.
 SPORTS AND PHYSICAL FITNESS
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

Activities that provide physical exertion like sports, games,

and group play are conducted to enhance the physical
well being of clients.

Friendly competition of clients from the various offices of the

sectors, together with the officers, provide an enjoyable
and healthful respite.
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT
AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)

• Created to address growing concern

of jail management and penology
problems, as one of the 5 pillars of
CJS.
• Clients are detainees accused before
a court who are temporarily confined
in jails while undergoing investigation,
waiting final judgment and those who
are serving sentences, 3 years and
below
BJMP’s CORE PROGRAMS

• Provision of Basic Needs

• Health Services
• Educational Program
• Skills Training/ Enhancement Program
• Livelihood Program
• Behavioral Management/ Modification
Program
• Interfaith Program
• Cultural and Sports Program
• Paralegal Program
• E-Dalaw
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

Provision of Basic Needs

- All PDL under custody are provided
with 3 meals (breakfast, lunch and supper),
adequate supply of potable water, uniform
consisting the yellow shirt and brown
jogging pants, and hygiene kits which are
distributed on monthly or quarterly basis.
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

B. Health Services
- During confinement PDL are provided
with health education and counseling,
medical consultations, regular health
monitoring and provided medicines subject
to availability. To maintain physical health of
PDL they are allowed daily sunning and
physical exercises.
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

C. Educational Program
- aims to provide PDL to achieve
mandatory education
BJMP adopted the Alternative Learning
System (ALS) of DEPED.
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

Skills Training/ Enhancement Program

- skills which PDL can use in seeking
employment or starting their own business
after release from confinement. The skills
trainings preferred are those accredited by
the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA).
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

Livelihood Program
- It is a present income generating
activities to PDL’s during their confinement.
The capital for livelihood project are either
from BJMP for BJMP-funded projects or from
the common fund of a group of PDL for non-
BJMP funded project. Unit Welfare and
Development Officer (UWDO) facilitates the
sale of the products
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

Behavioral Management/Modification
Program
- BJMP implements Therapeutic
Community Modality Program (TCMP) to
manage and modify behaviors of PDL with
the goal of positively changing their thinking
and behavior through structured group
processes. The program endeavors to teach
and model positive thinking , pro-social
values, good decision making, and positive
coping.
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

Interfaith Program
- PDL are provided with the
opportunity to practice their faith
while under custody without
discrimination, subject only to usual
safety and security measures.
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

Cultural and Sports Program

-It aims to promote camaraderie among
PDL, encourage the development of self-
confidence and sharing of talents as form of
positive entertainment. Cultural activities
allowed in jails include dance, singing,
theatre/drama, and art workshops. Through
this program, PDL experience some sense of
social normalcy.
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

Paralegal Program
- Its objective is to address the
overcrowding in jail facilities. PDL are
assisted in availing of the different early
mode of release
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

E-Dalaw
- An alternative to the traditional face-to-
face visitation between PDL and respective
families. This service enables the PDL to
connect with his/her family through a
supervised video call and chat.
 REHABILITATION AND REFORMATION
PROGRAMS IN THE BJMP

E-Dalaw
- An alternative to the traditional face-to-
face visitation between PDL and respective
families. This service enables the PDL to
connect with his/her family through a
supervised video call and chat.
 SUPPORT SERVICES

Human Right Desk

- Main function is to receive complaints
concerning human rights violations from
PDL and visitors and to report the
complaints thru the appropriate reporting
system to the concerned BJMP offices and to
the commission on Human Rights for
investigation and appropriate action
 SUPPORT SERVICES

Referrals for Aftercare

- these are addressed to the local
government units, non-government
organization and the business sector usually
include but not limited to seeking
immediate financial assistance for PDL’s
repatriation, employment/livelihood
assistance, educational/vocational training
scholarships, medical and psychological
interventions. It is limited only while PDL are
in custody.
SPECIAL PROGRAM FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS

➢ Services for Pregnant PDL

➢ Services for Senior Citizen PDL and PDL with
Disabilities
➢ Services for PDL with other Special Needs
➢ Mental Health Services
➢ Drug Counseling for PDL with Substance use Disorder
Development
of BJMP
Therapeutic
Community
Program
Correction-based
Therapeutic
Community

Widely described
treatment modality
for inmates.
AMERICAN DRUG-
FREE HIERARCHIAL
CONCEPT-BASED TC

A self-help movement
for the treatment of
substance abusers;
primarily using
behavioral
modification
techniques
AMERICAN DRUG-
FREE HIERARCHIAL
CONCEPT-BASED TC

▪ Understanding and
compassion is
combined with
discipline and
hierarchy

▪ Clear and consistent

rules
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF BJMP
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY

➢ The conceptual framework of TC elaborates the four

development aspects of TCMP, these are: 1) behavior
management, 2) emotional and psychological, 3)
intellectual and spiritual, and 4) vocational and
survival skills, showing special areas of concern in the
individual’s personality.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF BJMP
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PHILOSOPHY
According to the BJMP Therapeutic Community Modality
Program Manual this adage expresses the philosophy of
therapeutic community,

I am here because there is no refuge, finally, from myself.

Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others,
I am running.
Until I suffer them to share my secrets,
I have no safety from them.
Afraid to be known,
I can know neither myself nor any other,
I will be alone.
BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PHILOSOPHY
Where else but in our common ground can I see
such a mirror?
Here, together, I can at last appear clearly to
myself,
not as the giant of my dreams nor the dwarf of my
fears, but as a person,
part of the whole, with my share in its purpose.
In this ground, I can take root and grow, not alone
anymore,
as in death but alive to myself and to others.
BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PHILOSOPHY
CARDINAL RULES IN BJMP THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNITY
According to the BJMP Therapeutic Community
Modality Program Manual, the following are the
primary rules in a therapeutic community:

1. No sex or sexual acting out

2. No drugs/ Alcohol
3. No violence or threat of violence
4. No stealing
BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY HOUSE
RULES
Aside from the house rules indicated in the
Inmate’s Manual, the following are the sample house
rules in a therapeutic community:

1. No destruction of jail property;

2. Respect staff and status;
3. Follow directions without feedback;
4. No cigarette smoking;
5. No contraband;
6. No gambling;
BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY HOUSE
RULES
Aside from the house rules indicated in the
Inmate’s Manual, the following are the sample house
rules in a therapeutic community:

7. Be on time in all activities;

8. Lights off at 10:00 PM;
9. No talking/laughing after lights off;
10.Maintain good grooming and hygiene;
11. No vandalism;
PHASES OF BJMP THERAPEUTIC MODALITY
Aside from the house rules indicated in the Inmate’s
Manual, the following are the sample house rules in a
therapeutic community:

12. Be courteous to people;

13. Use the chain of command;
14. No talking/ laughing during the Morning meeting and
other activities;
15. No lending or borrowing without permission; and
16. Respect other people's property.
PHASES IN BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
MODALITY PROGRAM

Phase 1 – Entry/ Orientation Phase

- Once an inmate is committed to jail, he
undergoes a series of examination to determine his
physical , social and psychological status upon his
commitment, a resident is placed on orientation at the
reception and diagnostic room/orientation room.
PHASES IN BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
MODALITY PROGRAM

Phase 2 – Primary Treatment

➢ He must be knowledgeable on the following
• Managing own feelings and learning how to
express self appropriately
• Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the
community
• Maximizing participation in activities that are
appropriate to the residents need growth
• Enhancing educational and vocational skills to
make him productive.
PHASES IN BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
MODALITY PROGRAM

Phase 3 – Pre re-entry

He should focus on the following learning:
- Rebuilding of social and family lies
- Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing
leadership
- Realization of his full potential to be productive
member of society
- Mapping out plans
PHASES IN BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
MODALITY PROGRAM

Phase 4 Re-entry
- In the ideal setting, a resident at this stage is now
ready to be released back to society as he has
demonstrated adequate self-control and discipline. The
inmate is now preparing for his life outside jail and is
focused on making himself a productive citizen. He may
start planning for job hunting and rebuilding family
ties and relationships.
PHASES IN BJMP THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
MODALITY PROGRAM

Phase 5 – Aftercare
- Aftercare is an outpatient program requires clients to
report twice a week to an outreach center. They are
required to attend group sessions to ensure their
adjustment to life outside jail to reduce recidivism.
 REFORMATION AND REHABILITATION
PROGRAM OF BUCOR

Moral and Spiritual Program

-this refers to the moral and spiritual values-
formation of inmates which shall be institutionalized by
the directorate for Moral and Spiritual Welfare (DMSW),
which include practice one’s religion and beliefs.
 REFORMATION AND REHABILITATION
PROGRAM OF BUCOR

2. Education and Training Program

- This refer to the administration of formal and non-
formal education, and skills development of inmates
which shall be institutionalized by the Directorate for
Education and Training (DET). Participating volunteer
teachers, professors, instructors and trainers shall be
regulated and managed by DET.
 REFORMATION AND REHABILITATION
PROGRAM OF BUCOR

3. Work and Livelihood Program

- This refers to the administration of skills
development program on work and livelihood to
achieve self-sufficiency of inmates in the prison
community and for income generation of the
agency. This shall be institutionalized by the
Directorate for Work and Livelihood (DWL)
 REFORMATION AND REHABILITATION
PROGRAM OF BUCOR

4. Sports and Recreation Program

- this refer to the administration of physical and
recreational engagement to achieve mental
alertness and physical agility in the spirit of
sportsmanship. This shall be institutionalized by
the Directorate for Sports and Recreation (DSR)
 REFORMATION AND REHABILITATION
PROGRAM OF BUCOR

5. Health and Welfare Program

- This refer to the administration of proper
nutrition, hygiene, sanitation, cleanliness and
promotion of good health to inmates. This also
includes appropriate provision of medical care or
hospitalization of the sick, mentally impaired, old
aged, and disabled inmates. This shall be
institutionalize by Directorate of Health and
Welfare Services (DHWS).
 REFORMATION AND REHABILITATION
PROGRAM OF BUCOR

6. Behavior Modification Program

- this refers to the administration of programs
for the character formation of an inmate
necessary for effective interpersonal relationship
in the prison community. This program includes
the therapeutic community. This shall be
institutionalized by the Directorate for Behavior
Modification (DBM).
 OPERATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF
CORRECTIONS
The BuCor shall operate with a directorial structure. It
shall undertake reception of inmates through its
Directorate for Reception and Diagnostics (DRD),
formerly Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC),
provide basic needs and security through its Security and
Operations Directorates, administer reformation
programs through its Reformation Directorates, and
prepare inmates for reintegration to mainstream society
through its Directorate for External Relations (DER),
formerly External Relations Division (ERD).
 DIRECTORATE FOR RECEPTION AND
DIAGNOSTICS (DRD)

DRD can be found in the Bilibid prison and

all penal farms. Inmates accepted by the DRD
will be studied and classified, the purpose
of which is the formulation of an individualized
treatment program designed to achieve the
most successful rehabilitation for 60 days.
Inmates shall be classified according to
security risk and sentence.
THE DRD IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS

5 days – shall be allocated for quarantine

period wherein inmates are given physical
examination to segregate those suspected of
having contagious disease.
55 days – shall reserved for psychiatric,
sociological, psychological educational,
vocational and religious examination.
 GENERAL PROCESS

Reception and Diagnostic – Hereunder are the

Basic Procedure for Reception and diagnostic for
new inmate.

A. Reception – Committed inmates shall be

admitted to BUCOR through DRD in the following
institutional procedure:
Admission of Prisoner – the BuCor, through its
penal establishments, shall receive prisoner from
competent authority upon presentation of the
following documents:

- Mittimus/Commitment Order of the Court

- Information and court decision in the case
-Certification of detention of no pending case
- Certification of non-appeal and
- Provincial form 35/ Inmate data sheet
2. A female offender shall received only at the
Correctional Institution for Woman

3. All prisons and penal farms are also authorized

received directly from courts convicted prisoner in
consonance with the supreme court circular No. 63-97
dated October 6, 1997.
B. Diagnostics – The DRD shall likewise be responsible for
the conduct of classification of each and every inmate
admitted to the BuCor. Inmate shall be classified according
to security risk and sentence. Included in the classification
are determining an inmate’s certain:
1. Interests skills or talents
2. Physical, mental, spiritual, psychological evolution, and
3. Social (socio-demographic), and other behavioral-traits
assessments.
C. Segregation Scheme – Inmates will be
segregated according to:
A. Security risk
B. Crimes committed based on the related penal
codes
D. Security and Reformation – From the DRD, the
custodial force and reformation personnel of
respective security institutions/camps shall be in
charge for the security and the implementation of the
recommended individual inmate reformation
treatment program and the inmate-group reformation
treatment program of each and every inmate while
serving sentence, respectively.
E. Pre-Release and Post-Release – Directorate for
External Relations (DER) shall be responsible for pre-
release and post-release of the inmates due for
release . It shall also evaluate, classify and apply
necessary reformation for readiness to join the
mainstream society upon release as part of the pre-
release program.
H. Classification – Inmates shall undergo on the
following classification upon admission up to their
release:
• Pre-Admission Classification at DRD
• Re-Classification for Reformation Program while
serving sentence,
• Pre-Release Classification at DER
• Security Classification while serving sentence ( by
length of sentence and by crime committed) and
• Safekeeping Classification while serving sentence
(by health condition, age bracket, and gender).
Behavioral Shaping Tools – is
employed to strengthen the
learning process and the
practice of more adaptive
behaviors within the social
learning environment.
MAJOR TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

1. Talk to – outright correction done by any member of the

TC community to another member who has done minor
infraction but is not aware of it and done in friendly manner
and privately.
MAJOR TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

2. Pull-up – is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in

awareness in a resident. All the member of the community
are responsible to pull-up minor infractions done by the
peers. This is done when the violator is unknown and must
be validated first prior to bringing up in the morning
meeting
MAJOR TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

3. Dealt With – is done when negative behaviors or

infractions to the house rules/norms are done for the second
time of same offense by a resident. A panel of 3 composed
of a senior resident, peer and a friend are tasked to deliver a
serious and stern reprimand to the subjected resident.
MAJOR TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

4. Haircut – is done when negative behaviors or infractions

to the house rules/norms in the same offense are done for
the third time or more or for first time grave offense. It will
be given by the dept. head and other 4 residents with the
tone of more serious and can be loud, more harsh and
exaggerated.
MAJOR TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

5. Learning Experience – an action or activity given to a

resident who has subjected to hair cut or general meeting
who did an infraction to correct or modify a behavior. It can
be task-oriented, written task and peer interaction.
MAJOR TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

6. Bans – are sanctions to member who commit repeatedly

infractions or violations to the cardinal rules by prohibiting
disallowing or limiting an activity or affiliation to a group.
MAJOR TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

7. General Meeting – such issue should be discussed with

the community to point out the violator the negative effect of
the behavior had on the community includes sexual acting-
out with fellow resident, taking drugs and engaging in
physical fight with another residents. Other facilities include
stealing or even smoking as part of the cardinal rules
MAJOR TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

8. Expulsion – in extreme cases, when a resident is

incorrigible and become a threat to the community the
director with the recommendation of disciplinary board may
transfer him/her to the nearest jail facility with appropriate
court order.
 CARDINAL RULE OF TC

➢ No drugs
➢ No violence or threat of violence
➢ No sexual acting out
➢ No stealing
 BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT

Is the component of TCMP that introduces the

concept and mechanisms of the various shaping
tools to include morning meeting in order to
facilitate the management of an shape the
behavior residents.
 PRE-MORNING MEETING

❑ Duration/Frequency : 15 minutes daily

❑ Participants: Senior Residents, Councelor

❑ Senior Residents: formulate solutions to be

discussed during the day.
 MORNING MEETING

❑ Duration/Frequency: one hour daily

❑ Participants: All Residents, Counselor

 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL
ASPECT

Counseling - Defined as a professional activity

of helping individuals, groups, or communities
enhance or restore their capacity for
psychological, emotional and social functioning
and creating an environment favorable for the
attainment of these goals.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELING

❑ 1. Empathy – the ability to perceive the

clients feelings and demonstrate accurate
perception of the client.
❑ 2. Warmth – involves accepting and caring
about the client as a person, regardless of any
evaluation or prejudices on the clients
behavior or bodily gestures.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELING
❑ 3. Respect – our belief in the clients ability to
make appropriate decisions and deal
appropriately or her life situation.
❑ 4. Congruence – genuiness is being honest and
authentic in dealing with the client.
❑ 5. Confidentiality – means that anything
discussed during counseling session held private.
 PATTERN OF COUNSELING
1. Introduction ( 10 mins) – includes greetings,
shaking hands, escorting to counseling, time to
develop rapport and assure client confidentiality
2. Information Gathering – know the reason of
counseling, client do more talking, counselor may ask
open questions.
 PATTERN OF COUNSELING
3. Discussion/Counselor Input – Counselor
develops a list of concerns, prioritize problems,
provide plans of actions to work.
4. Conclusion – motivate the client that he can dot it,
end session on a positive note.
 WHEN TO BREAK CONFIDENTIALITY
1. Children are being neglected and abused

2. Appearance in court as witness

3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide

4. Client expressed plan to harm other

REHABILITATION PROGRAMS OF DSWD
Treatment Interventions

Counseling Servince - a professional activity

helping individuals, groups, or communities enhance
or restore their capacity for psychological, emotional
and social functioning and creating an environment
favorable for the attainment of these goals.
REHABILITATION PROGRAMS OF DSWD
Treatment Interventions

Milieu Therapy – a safe, structured, group treatment

method for mental health issue. It involves using
everday activities and a conditioned environment to
help people with interaction in community settings.
REHABILITATION PROGRAMS OF DSWD
Treatment Interventions

Milieu Therapy – a psychotherapeutic intervention

primarily used to eliminate or reduce maladaptive
behavior in children or adults.

Therapeutic Community
 GROUP COUNSELLING

Static Group – is a permanent group of peers and

leaders that meet regularly while the residents are in
treatment.
• Duration/Frequency: one hour/once a week
• Participants: 10-15 residents, counselor
Encounter Group – serve as safety valve within the
community which is usually highly pressured and
structured.
 GROUP COUNSELLING

❑ It is a forum for members of the community to verbally

express pent-up or negative emotions within a structured
and safe environment without resorting to violence or
aggression and without fear of reprisal.
• Duration/Frequency: 1-1 ½ hours/once or twice a week
• Participants: counselor, 2 co-facilitator, 8-10 residents.
 GROUP COUNSELLING

❑ Peer Confrontation Group – it is done in more

compassionate way where each residents try to help one
another. Participants confront each other on what they do
for themselves while in the facility and ask how they are
coping with it.
• Duration/Frequecny: one hour/twice a month
• Participants: 10-15 residents, Coordinator
 GROUP COUNSELLING

❑ Secrets – a group activity where participants are given the

opportunity to unload emotional baggage and thus experience
freedom from internal psychological conflicts. It promotes trust
among the participants knowing that each will reveal his utmost
secrets to the group.
• Duration/Frequency: 1-2 hours/once a month
• Participants: staff, 10-12 residents
 SPECIALIZED GROUPS
❑ Men’s Group – teaches how to express feeling, prevent abusive
relation.
• Duration: 1 hour once a week
• Participants: 8-15 residents, councelor
❑ Woman’s Group – provides opportunity for all female residents to
share and discuss their feelings on woman’s issue: family,
relationship, self-identity, self-image, societal role and
reproductive issues.
• Duration: one hour once a week/ might last six sessions
• Participants 8-15 residents, councelor
 SPECIALIZED GROUPS
❑ Medication Group – share and discuss how to face their
difficulties, coping with the disease and problems encountered
while they are on medications.
• Duration: as long as the residents are on medication
• Participants: residents on medications and Jail Health
Personnel.
 SPECIALIZED GROUPS
❑ Anger Management – an avenue for the residents to know their
anger feelings and acquire new knowledge and information on
how to deal with their feelings on different situations and
personalities.
• Duration: 1 ½ hours for 6 weeks/ as needed/curriculum based
• Participants: 10-15 residents.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7309

AN ACT CREATING A BOARD OF CLAIMS UNDER THE DEPARTMENT

OF JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS OF UNJUST IMPRISONMENT OR
DETENTION AND VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIMES AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
 SECTION 3. WHO MAY FILE CLAIMS. – THE
FOLLOWING MAY FILE CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION
BEFORE THE BOARD:
(a) any person who was unjustly accused, convicted and imprisoned
but subsequently released by virtue of a judgment of acquittal;
(b) any person who was unjustly detained and released without
being charged;
(c) any victim of arbitrary or illegal detention by the authorities as defined
in the Revised Penal Code under a final judgment of the court;
(d) any person who is a victim of violent crimes. For purposes of this Act,
violent crimes shall include rape and shall likewise refer to offenses
committed with malice which resulted in death or serious physical and/or
psychological injuries, permanent incapacity or disability, insanity,
abortion, serious trauma, or committed with torture, cruelly or barbarity.
 SECTION 5. WHEN TO FILE CLAIMS.

Any person entitled to compensation under this Act must, within

six (6) months after being released from imprisonment or detention,
or from the date the victim suffered damage or injury, file his claim
with the Department, otherwise, he is deemed to have waived the
same. Except as provided for in this Act, no waiver of claim
whatsoever is valid.
 SECTION 6. FILING OF CLAIMS BY HEIRS

In case of death or incapacity of any person entitled to any award

under this Act, the claim may be filed by his heirs, in the following
order: by his surviving spouse, children, natural parents, brother
and/or sister.