ac
short questions
1. Write difference between dc and ac.
2. Our homes are supplied with ac voltage given as V=V0 sinωt, but we always say that in
our home is 220 V explain it.
3. What quantity should be known to to ac voltage or current? ( peak value, frequency and
phase)
4. An inductor is put on 220 V, 50 Hz and 220 V, 100 Hz supplies. Will the current flowing
in two cases same or different? Ans- I=V/XL, I is inversely proportional to f.
5. Can we put capacitor directly on a dc source? ( no only with resistor
6. What is average value of ac over a cycle?
7. What is peak value of 220 V ac?
8. 220 v ac is more dangerous then 220 v dc, why?
9. What is frequency of dc current?
10. The instantaneous current from ac source is I= I0sin 314t. what is i) peak value ii) rms
value iii) average value iv) frequency of current?
11. What is reactance of inductor and capacitor for dc?
12. A capacitor blocks dc but allows ac, why?
13. The frequency of ac is doubled? How do it affect i) R ii) XL iii) XC?
14. What is phase relation between current and voltage in case of resistor, inductor and
capacitor?
15. What is maximum and minimum value of power factor and when does it occur?
16. What is the power dissipated in ac circuit in which voltage and current are given as V=
300 sin (ωt+Π/2) and I=5 sin ωt ?
17. Why power consumed in pure inductor or in pure capacitor zero?
18. The power factor in ac is 0.5 lagging? What does it mean? ( cosф = 0.5, find ф, phase ls
beind byф)
19. What is wattles current?
20. What do you mean by impedance in ac?
21. Why we prefer choek coil then resistor?
22. When voltage and current in LCR circuit are in same phase? When Xl=Xc
23. When LCR series circuit said to be at resonance? When does series LCR circuit has
minimum impedance and what is its value?
24. What is meant by admittance in ac circuit? Reciprocal of impedance.
25. How can we increase Q factor of ac circuit? Take reference of formula
26. When series LCR circuit brought at resonance, the current becomes maximum. Why?
27. Find the time required for 50 Hz ac to reach to its maximum value starting from zero?
1
Ans = s.
200
28. A bulb and capacitor are connected in series to ac source, what will happen on current in
increasing frequency? F inc, XC dec, Z dec, I inc
29. Sketch the graph to show how reactance of i) a capacitor ii) an inductor varies as the
function of frequency.
30. In series LCR circuit voltage across inductor, capacitor and resistor are 30 V, 30 V and 60
V respectively, what is phase difference between voltage and current?
31. Voltage across C and L is 1800 out of phase, explain.
32. Does the current in ac circuit lag, lead or remain in phase with voltage of frequency f
applied when i) f=fr ii) f<fr iii) f>fr where fr is resonant frequency?
Numerical
Average and rms current
1. An alternating current is I = 141.4 sin 314t, find maximum value, average value, rms value,
frequency, time period and instantaneous value at t= 3ms.
2. An ac voltmeter records 50 V for 50 Hz ac. Write down equation for instantaneous ac.
3. An ac voltage is 220 V, what is average emf during positive half cycle?
4. The alternating current of 50 Hz has maximum value of 120 A. i) write equation for
instantaneous current. ii) time taken to reach 96 a for the first time. Ans=0.00246 s
5. Find the time required for 50 Hz ac to change its value from zero to rms value. Ans= 2.5
×10-3s
6. An ac circuit consist of a pure resistance of 10 ohm and connected to ac source aof 230
V and 50 Hz, calculate i) circuit current ii) power dissipated iii) equation for voltage and
current.
7. A voltage V= 60 sin 314t is applied across 20 ohm resistor. What will i) an ac ammeter ii)
galvanometer reads? Ammeter reads I rms, find value, galvanometer reads I avg in a cycle
which is zero.
Resistance
8. A resistance of 20 ohm is connected to ac source 110 V-50 Hz, find i) rms current ii) tme
maximum instantaneous current in the resistor. Ans- 5.5 A, 7.78 A
Inductor
9. A pure inductive coil allows a current of 10 A to flow from 230 V 50 hz supply. Find i)
inductive reactance ii) inductance of the coil ii) power consumed. Write equation for
voltage and current. ans= 23 ohm, 0.073 h, 0….
10. Calculate the frequency at which the inductive reactance of 0.7 H inductor is 220 ohm
ans= 50 Hz
11. An inductor of 2 H and negligible resistance is connected to 12 V, 50 Hz supply. Find the
current in the circuit. What current flows when inductance changes to 6 H? ans=0.019A,
0.0063A
12. How much inductance should be connected to 200 V, 50 Hz ac supply so that maximum
V0
current of 0.9 A flows through it? Ans= 1 H. find V0, I0 is given, XL= , xL=Lω
I0
13. A coil has self inductance of 1.4 H. The current though coil varies sinusoidally with
amplitude 2 A and frequency 50 hz. Calculate rms value of pd across coil. Ans=622.2 V
Capacitor
14. A 318 μF capacitor is connected to 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Determine i) the capacitive
reactance ii) rms value of current iii) equation of voltage and current. Ans-10 Ω, 23 A, V0=
325.27, I0=32.53…
15. A coil has an inductance of 1 H. a) at what frequency will it have a reactance of 3142 Ω ? b)
What should be the capacity of capacitor which has same reactance at that frequency?
Ans-500 Hz , 0.11μF
RL
16. A coil having a resistance 7 ohm and inductance 31.8 mH is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz
supply. Calculate, current, phase angle, power factor and power consumed. Ans-18.85 A,
550,0.573, 2484.24 W.
17. A choke coil takes current of 2.5 A when connected to 250 V,50 Hz supply and consumes
400 W. Find power factor, resistance of coil and inductance of coil. Ans= 0.64,64 ohm,
0.245 H. ( cosф =VR/V=R/Z.)
18. A pure inductor of 318 mH is connected with resistor of 75 ohm. The circuit is supplied
from 50 Hz and voltage across resistor is 150 V. Calculate supply voltage and phase angle.
Ans=250 V, 53.060. ( I=V/R=2A,XL=Lw=100 ohm, VL=IXL=200 V, Z= R2+Xl2 =125
ohm,I=V/Z=250 V)
19. . When 100V dc is applied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0A flows in it. When 100V ac is
applied across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5A. If the frequency of the ac source
is 50Hz, the impedance and inductance of the solenoid are…Ans=100 ohm, 200 ohm, 0.55
H. (for dc, V=IR, find I, For ac now, I=V/Z, find Z, Z= R2+Xl2 find L)
20. An alternating voltage of V=200 sin 300t is applied across R= 10 ohm and L=800 mH.
Calculate impedance, peak value of current and power factor. Ans= 240.2 ohm, 0.832
A,0.04.
RC
21. A Capacitor of capacitance 79.5µF is connected in series with a non inductive resistance
of 30 ohm across a 100V, 50Hz supply. Find (i) impedance (ii) current (iii) phase angle.
Ans=50 ohm, 2A, 530
22. Calculate the capacitance of a capacitor to run a 250 V, 100 W lamp connected in series
with an AC main of 220 V having frequency 50 Hz. Ans=14.7μF (V= Vr2+Vc2 , find Vc=173.2
V, find Xc, Vc=IXc,, Xc=216.5 ohm at last find c)
23. A 10 ohm resistor and 400 micro farad capacitor are connected in series to a 60V
sinusoidal supply. The circuit current is 5A. Calculate the supply frequency and phase
angle between the current and voltage.Ans=60 Hz, 33.60.
24. A resistor of 200Ωand a capacitor of 15.0μF are connected in series to
a 220V,50Hz source.
(a) Calculate the current in the circuit .
(b) Calculate the voltage (rms) across the resistor and the inductor. Is the algebraic sum
of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox. An s= 0.0755
A, 151 V, 160.3 V
L_C_R
25. A 230 V,50 Hz ac supply is applied to a coil of 0.06H inductance and 2.5Ω resistance
connected in series with a 6.8μF capacitor. Calculate (i) Impedance (ii) Current (iii)Phase
angle between current and voltage (iv) power factor. Ans= 6.33 A, 18.260, 0.949, 1201.4 W.
A resistance R an inductance L = 0.01 H and a capacitance C are connected in series. When a
voltage v = 400 cos( 300 t − 10°) votls is applied to the series combination the current flowing
is 10√2 cos(3000 t - 55°) amperes. Find R and C.
The phase difference between the applied voltage and circuit current is 55° − 10° = 45° with
current lagging. The angular frequency is ω = 3000 radian/second. Since current lags XL >
XC. Net reactance X = XL − XC. Also XL = ωL = 3000 × 0.01 = 30 Ω ,tan φ = X/R or tan 45° =
X/R ∴ X = R Now Z = V0/I0 = 400/10√2 = 28.3Ω ,Z2 = R2 + X2 = 2R2∴ R = Z/√2 = 28.3/√2 = 20Ω; X
= XL - XC = 30 - XC ,X-XC = 30, Xc=10Ω or Xc= 1/ωC = 10 or 1/3000C = 3.3 or C = 33μF
26. A coil of resistance 8 ohms and inductance 0.03 H is connected to an a.c. supply at 240 V,
50-Hz. Calculate (a) the current, the power and power factor. Ans= 19.42 A, 3017 W, 0.65.
27. A series LCR circuit is connected to an a.c. source 220 V - 50 Hz as shown in fig. If the
reading of the three voltemeters V1,,V2,and V3 are 65 V, 415 V and 204 V respectively.
Calculate (i) current in the circuit (ii) value of inductor L (ii) value
of capacitor C .
Ans=0.65 A, 1 H, 5μF
Resonance
28. A coil of resistance 100 Ω and inductance 100 μH is connected in series with a 100 pF
capacitor. The circuit is connected to a 10 V variable frequency source. Calculate a) The
resonant frequency b) Current at resonance c) Voltage across L and C at resonance. d) Q-
factor of the circuit. Ans= 1.59×106 Hz, 0.1 A, 100 V, 100 V,
29. A circuit having resistance 4 ohm , an inductor 0.5 H and a variable capacitor is connected
across 100 V, 500Hz source. Calculate, the capacitance to give resonance , VLand VC.. ans=
20.26× 10-6F, 3927 V, 3927 V.
30. A L-C-R circuit L=100mH, C=100μF, R=120Ω connected to ac source of emf V= 30 sin 100t
volts. Find impedance, peak current and resonant frequency. Ans= 150Ω, 0.2 A, 50 Hz.
31. A coil of inductance 0.5 H and negligible internal resistance is connected in series with a
resistance of 40 ohm. A supply voltage of 40 V is connected across them. If the voltage
across the coil is equal to that across resistor, calculate voltage across each component
and frequency of supply. Ans-35.35 V,12.74 Hz.
32. A coil having Inductance and resistance is connected to an oscillator giving a fixed
sinusoidal output voltage of 5 V rms. With the oscillator set at frequency of 50 Hz, the rms
current in the coil is 1 A and at a frequency of 100 Hz, the rms current is 0.625 A.
Determine the inductance of coil. Ans- 0.00114 H.
33. An iron cored coil of inductance 2 H and of resistance 50 ohm is connected in series with
a resistor of 950 ohm and 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Find the current flowing in the circuit ,
phase angle and the voltage across the coil. Ans- 0.186 A, 117.28 V,…
34. A 50 V ac supply is connectedness to a resistor having resistance 50 ohm in series with a
solenoid whose inductance is 0.25 H. The pd between ends of resistor is25 V. Find
resistance of the solenoid. Take frequency of source as 50 Hz.
35. An ac source of 220 V, 50 Hz is connected to a series circuit consisting of R= 200 ohm,
L=0.5 H and C=10μF. Calculate, current in the circuit, the phase angle and power
0
consumed. Ans-0.856 A, 38.9 , 146.
36.
