123455-44 CRUDE OIL (<0.
002% H2S)
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA BULLETIN
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1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
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PRODUCT NAME: CRUDE OIL (<0.002% H2S)
SUPPLIER: EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION
3225 GALLOWS RD.
FAIRFAX, VA 22037
24 - Hour Health and Safety Emergency (call collect): 609-737-4411
24 - Hour Transportation Emergency:
CHEMTREC: 800-424-9300 202-483-7616
LUBES AND FUELS: 281-834-3296
Product and Technical Information:
Lubricants and Specialties: 800-662-4525 800-443-9966
Fuels Products: 800-947-9147
MSDS Fax on Demand: 613-228-1467
MSDS Internet Website: http://emmsds.ihssolutions.com/
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2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
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CHEMICAL NAMES AND SYNONYMS: PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL
GLOBALLY REPORTABLE MSDS INGREDIENTS:
Substance Name Approx. Wt%
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PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL 100
(8002-05-9)
COMPONENT(S) OF PRODUCT INGREDIENTS INCLUDE:
XYLENE (1330-20-7) < 4
TOLUENE (108-88-3) < 4
N-HEXANE (110-54-3) < 4
CYCLOHEXANE (110-82-7) < 3
NAPHTHALENE (91-20-3) < 2
BENZENE (71-43-2) < 2
ETHYL BENZENE (100-41-4) < 0.7
NOTE: Crude oils may contain varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide
depending on gas stripping operations. The concentration of the
components shown above are representative of the maximum concentrations
expected, and can vary substantially.
See Section 8 for exposure limits (if applicable).
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3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
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This product is considered hazardous according to regulatory guidelines
(See Section 15).
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Black Liquid. Extremely flammable. Vapor
accumulation could flash and/or explode if in contact with open
flame. Exposure to fire can generate highly toxic fumes. DOT
ERG No. : 128
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: **** Warning: H2S a highly toxic gas may be
present, see MSDS toxicology section. Respiratory irritation,
headache, dizziness, nausea, loss of consciousness, and in cases
of extreme exposure, possibly death. Overexposure to benzene may
result in cancer, blood disorders and damage to the bone marrow.
Low viscosity material-if swallowed may enter the lungs and cause
lung damage. Exposure to normal hexane may result in nerve
damage.
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: Harmful to aquatic organisms, may
cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
For further health effects/toxicological data, see Section 11.
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4. FIRST AID MEASURES
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EYE CONTACT: Flush thoroughly with water. If irritation occurs, call
a physician.
SKIN CONTACT: Dry-wipe the skin. Cleanse the area with waterless hand
cleaner, and follow by washing thoroughly with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing. Launder clothing before reuse.
Discard shoes if material has penetrated to inside surface. In
case of contact with hot product, flush skin with cold water to
dissipate heat. Get medical advice immediately. (See Section 16
- Injection Injury)
INHALATION: Immediately remove from further exposure. Get immediate
medical assistance. For those providing assistance, avoid
exposure to yourself and others. Use adequate respiratory
protection. Give supplemental oxygen, if available. If
breathing has stopped, assist ventilation with a mechanical
device.
INGESTION: Seek immediate medical attention. Do not induce vomiting.
NOTE TO PHYSICIANS: Material if aspirated into the lungs may cause
chemical pneumonitis. PRE-EXISTING MEDICAL CONDITIONS WHICH MAY
BE AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Benzene- Individuals with liver
disease may be more susceptible to toxic effects. Hexane-
Individuals with neurological disease should avoid exposure.
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5. FIRE -FIGHTING MEASURES
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EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical and water fog.
SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: Use water to keep fire exposed
containers cool. If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water
spray to disperse the vapors and to protect personnel attempting
to stop leak. Water spray may be used to flush spills away from
exposures. Prevent runoff from fire control or dilution from
entering streams, sewers, or drinking water supply.
SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: For fires in enclosed areas, fire
fighters must use self-contained breathing apparatus.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Extremely flammable. Vapor
accumulation could flash and/or explode if in contact with open
flame. Exposure to fire can generate highly toxic fumes.
Flash Point C(F): > -18(0) (ASTM D-56).
Flammable Limits (approx.% vol.in air) - LEL: NE, UEL: NE
NFPA HAZARD ID: Health: 2, Flammability: 3, Reactivity: 0
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6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
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NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES: Report spills/releases as required to
appropriate authorities. U.S. Coast Guard and EPA regulations
require immediate reporting of spills/releases that could reach
any waterway including intermittent dry creeks. Report
spill/release to Coast Guard National Response Center toll free
number (800)424-8802. In case of accident or road spill notify
CHEMTREC (800) 424-9300.
PROCEDURES IF MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED:
LAND SPILL: Shut off source taking normal safety precautions. Take
measures to minimize the effects on ground water. Recover by
pumping using explosion-proof equipment or contain spilled liquid
with sand or other suitable absorbent and remove mechanically into
containers. If necessary, dispose of adsorbed residues as directed
in Section 13.
WATER SPILL: Confine the spill immediately with booms. Warn other
ships in the vicinity. Notify port and other relevant authorities.
Remove from the surface by skimming or with suitable absorbents. If
permitted by regulatory authorities the use of suitable dispersants
should be considered where recommended in local oil spill
procedures.
ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS: Prevent material from entering sewers,
water sources or low lying areas; advise the relevant authorities
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if it has, or if it contaminates soil/vegetation.
PERSONAL PRECAUTIONS: See Section 8
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7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
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HANDLING: Avoid contact with skin. Avoid inhalation of vapors or
mists. Use in well ventilated area away from all ignition
sources. Trace amounts of H2S may be present. Keep face clear
of tank and/or tank car openings. Avoid all personal contact and
breathing gas. Avoid sparking conditions. Ground and bond all
transfer equipment. See Section 8 for additional personal
protection advice when handling this product.
STORAGE: ***Inhalation hazard: Contains trace amounts of H2S.
Environment should be tested for contaminant before entering
area. Drums must be grounded and bonded and equipped with
self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs and flame arresters.
Store away from all ignition sources in a cool area equipped with
an automatic sprinkling system. Outside or detached storage
preferred. Storage containers should be grounded and bonded.
EMPTY CONTAINER WARNING: Empty containers retain residue (liquid
and/or vapor) and can be dangerous. DO NOT PRESSURIZE, CUT, WELD,
BRAZE, SOLDER, DRILL, GRIND OR EXPOSE SUCH CONTAINERS TO HEAT,
FLAME, SPARKS, STATIC ELECTRICITY, OR OTHER SOURCES OF IGNITION;
THEY MAY EXPLODE AND CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH. Do not attempt to
refill or clean container since residue is difficult to remove.
Empty drums should be completely drained, properly bunged and
promptly returned to a drum reconditioner. All containers should
be disposed of in an environmentally safe manner and in
accordance with governmental regulations.
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8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
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---TWA--- ----STEL--- NOTE
Substance Name (CAS-No.) Source ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3
------ --- ----- --- ----- ----
XYLENE (1330-20-7)
O, M, P, -Isomers OSHA 100 435 150 655
O, M, P, -Isomers ACGIH 100 434 150 651
TOLUENE (108-88-3)
OSHA 100 375 150 560
Skin ACGIH 50 188
XOM 200
N-HEXANE (110-54-3)
OSHA 50 180
Other Isomers OSHA 500 1800 1000 3600
N-Hexane Skin ACGIH 50 176
Other Isomers ACGIH 500 1760 1000 3500
CYCLOHEXANE (110-82-7)
OSHA 300 1050
ACGIH 300 1030
NAPHTHALENE (91-20-3)
OSHA 10 50 15 75
ACGIH 10 52 15 79
BENZENE (71-43-2)
OSHA 1 5
Skin ACGIH 0.5 1.6 2.5 8
ETHYL BENZENE (100-41-4)
OSHA 100 435 125 545
ACGIH 100 434 125 543
NOTE: Limits shown for guidance only. Follow applicable regulations.
VENTILATION: Ventilation required and equipment must be explosion
proof. Use away from all heat and ignition sources.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Use supplied-air respiratory protection in
confined or enclosed spaces, if needed.
EYE PROTECTION: Chemical type goggles should be worn.
SKIN PROTECTION: Impervious gloves must be worn. If contact is likely
oil impervious clothing must be worn. Good personal hygiene
practices should always be followed.
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9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
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Typical physical properties are given below. Consult Product Data Sheet
for specific details.
APPEARANCE: Liquid
COLOR: Black
ODOR: Hydrocarbon
ODOR THRESHOLD-ppm: NE
pH: NA
BOILING POINT C(F): < -18(0)
MELTING POINT C(F): NA
FLASH POINT C(F): > -18(0) (ASTM D-56)
FLAMMABILITY (solids): NE
AUTO FLAMMABILITY C(F): NE
EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES: NA
OXIDIZING PROPERTIES: NA
VAPOR PRESSURE-mmHg 20 C: NE
VAPOR DENSITY: NE
EVAPORATION RATE: NE
RELATIVE DENSITY, 15/4 C: 0.8-0.99
SOLUBILITY IN WATER: Negligible
PARTITION COEFFICIENT: NE
VISCOSITY AT 40 C, cSt: < 7.0
VISCOSITY AT 100 C, cSt: NE
POUR POINT C(F): NE
FREEZING POINT C(F): NE
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND: NE
NA=NOT APPLICABLE NE=NOT ESTABLISHED D=DECOMPOSES
FOR FURTHER TECHNICAL INFORMATION, CONTACT YOUR MARKETING REPRESENTATIVE
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10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
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STABILITY (THERMAL, LIGHT, ETC.): Stable.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Heat, sparks, flame and build up of static
electricity.
INCOMPATIBILITY (MATERIALS TO AVOID): Strong oxidizers.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Product does not decompose at
ambient temperatures.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not occur.
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11. TOXICOLOGICAL DATA
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---ACUTE TOXICOLOGY---
ORAL TOXICITY (RATS): Practically non-toxic (LD50: greater than 2000
mg/kg). ---Based on testing of similar products and/or the
components.
DERMAL TOXICITY (RABBITS): Practically non-toxic (LD50: greater than
2000 mg/kg). ---Based on testing of similar products and/or the
components.
INHALATION TOXICITY (RATS): Harmful (LC50: greater than 2 but 5 mg/l
or less). ---Based on testing of similar products and/or the
components.
EYE IRRITATION (RABBITS): Practically non-irritating. (Draize score:
0 or greater but 6 or less). ---Based on testing of similar
products and/or the components.
SKIN IRRITATION (RABBITS): Practically non-irritating. (Primary
Irritation Index: greater than 0.5 but less than 3). ---Based
on testing of similar products and/or the components.
OTHER ACUTE TOXICITY DATA: H2S acts as a chemical asphyxiant,
preventing the body from utilizing oxygen in the tissue. It can
be irritating to the eyes at 10 ppm and to the respiratory tract
at 50-100 ppm after 1-hour exposure. Sufficiently high
concentrations can result in immediate collapse and death.
---CHRONIC TOXICOLOGY (SUMMARY)---
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***Skin tumorigenicity: Positive in mice. Experiments to assess the
skin cancer potential of crude oil produced mixed results. Some
crudes produced skin tumors in mice, following long term,
repeated exposures, while other crudes produced no tumors. IARC
has examined the full body of data and concluded that crude oil
is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity (Cat.3), based on
the limited evidence in animals. Prolonged repeated skin contact
with low viscosity materials may defat the skin resulting in
possible irritation and dermatitis.
---OTHER TOXICOLOGY DATA---
Repeated exposures to low levels of benzene (50-500 ppm) have been
reported to result in blood abnormalities including anemia and,
in rare cases, leukemia in both animals and humans. Benzene has
also caused damage to the fetus of test animals in developmental
studies. Benzene has tested positive (mutagenic) in a number of
short-term cancer/mutation predicative tests. Prolonged exposure
to n-hexane may result in a condition known as peripheral
neuropathy. This is nervous system damage and is characterized
by numbness of the extremities and, in extreme cases, paralysis.
Crude oils may contain low levels of polycyclic aromatic
compounds (PACs), some of which, when made available by dilution
with solvents or oils, and under conditions of poor personal
hygiene and prolonged repeated contact, are suspected as a cause
of skin cancer in humans. H2S is a colorless, toxic and
extremely flammable gas with an odor at low concentrations
characteristic of rotten eggs and a sweetish odor at high
concentrations. Odor cannot be relied upon as a means of
detection because the sense of smell rapidly becomes insensitive
to H2S, and the H2S odor may be masked by the general odor of
this product.
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12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
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ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS:
In the absence of specific environmental data for this crude oil
product, this assessment is based on information developed with
various other crude oils.
ECOTOXICITY: Generally, crude oil is harmful to aquatic organisms.
Indirect toxicity to aquatic wildlife may result from physical
fouling. Shoreline habitats can be significantly impacted by
crude oil.
MOBILITY: Overall, crude oil will float on the water surface if
released in an aquatic environment; if released on land, crude
will absorb to sediment and soil. Because of the range of
components which comprise crude oil, individual hydrocarbon
components will begin to partition to specific environmental
media (air, water, soil, and sediment) immediately following a
release.
PERSISTENCE AND DEGRADABILITY: Volatile components will be degraded in
the atmosphere via hydroxyl oxidation. Overall, crude oil is
inherently biodegradable in aquatic and terrestrial environments,
since most fractions of crude oil are known to degrade at
moderate to rapid rates, while some of the heaviest components
are expected to persist.
BIOACCUMULATIVE POTENTIAL: Not established.
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13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
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WASTE DISPOSAL: Product is suitable for burning in an enclosed,
controlled burner for fuel value. Such burning may be limited
pursuant to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. In
addition, the product is suitable for processing by an approved
recycling facility or can be disposed of at an appropriate
government waste disposal facility. Use of these methods is
subject to user compliance with applicable laws and regulations
and consideration of product characteristics at time of disposal.
RCRA INFORMATION: Disposal of unused product may be subject to RCRA
regulations (40 CFR 261). Disposal of the used product may also
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be regulated due to ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or
toxicity as determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP).
BENZENE: 1.7999 PCT (TCLP)
FLASH: > -18(0) C(F)
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14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
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USA DOT:
SHIPPING NAME: Petroleum Crude Oil
HAZARD CLASS & DIV: 3
ID NUMBER: UN1267
ERG NUMBER: 128
PACKING GROUP: PG I
STCC: 4910165
DANGEROUS WHEN WET: No
POISON: No
LABEL(s): Flammable Liquid
PLACARD(s): Flammable
PRODUCT RQ: 555 lbs (based on RQ for BENZENE)
MARPOL III STATUS: NA
RID/ADR:
HAZARD CLASS: 3
PACKING GROUP: I
LABEL: 3
DANGER NUMBER: 33
UN NUMBER: 1267
SHIPPING NAME: Petroleum Crude Oil(contains PETROLEUM
CRUDE OIL)
REMARKS: NA
IMO:
HAZARD CLASS & DIV: 3
UN NUMBER: 1267
PACKING GROUP: PG I
SHIPPING NAME: Petroleum Crude Oil
LABEL(s): Flammable Liquid
MARPOL III STATUS: NA
ICAO/IATA:
HAZARD CLASS & DIV: 3
ID/UN Number: 1267
PACKING GROUP: PG I
SHIPPING NAME: Petroleum Crude Oil
SUBSIDIARY RISK: NA
LABEL(s): Flammable Liquid
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15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
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US OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD: Product assessed in accordance
with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 and determined to be hazardous.
EU Labeling: Product is dangerous as defined by the European Union
Dangerous Substances/Preparations Directives.
Symbol: F+ T Extremely flammable, Toxic.
Risk Phrase(s): R12-45-65-52/53.
Extremely flammable. May cause cancer. Harmful: may cause lung
damage if swallowed. Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause
long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Safety Phrase(s): S23-36-28-53-62.
Do not breathe vapor. Wear suitable protective clothing. After
contact with skin, wash immediately. Avoid exposure - obtain
special instructions before use. If swallowed, do not induce
vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container
or label.
Contains: Benzene.
Governmental Inventory Status: All components comply with TSCA,
EINECS/ELINCS, AICS, METI, DSL, KOREA, and PHILIPPINES.
U.S. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III:
This product contains no "EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES".
SARA (311/312) REPORTABLE HAZARD CATEGORIES:
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FIRE CHRONIC ACUTE
This product contains the following SARA (313) Toxic Release
Chemicals:
CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER CONC.
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BENZENE(COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 71-43-2 <1.8%
NAPHTHALENE(COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 91-20-3 < 2%
TOLUENE(COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 108-88-3 < 4%
N-HEXANE(COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 110-54-3 <3.6%
CYCLOHEXANE(COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 110-82-7 <2.6%
XYLENES(COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 1330-20-7 <4.4%
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC 0.1%
HYDROCARBONS(COMPONENT ANALYSIS)
ETHYL BENZENE(COMPONENT 100-41-4 <0.7%
ANALYSIS)
The following product ingredients are cited on the lists below:
CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER LIST CITATIONS
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BENZENE (COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 71-43-2 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10,
(<1.80%) 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26
NAPHTHALENE (COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 91-20-3 1, 10, 16, 18, 19,
(<2.00%) 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26
ETHYL BENZENE (COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 100-41-4 1, 8, 24
TOLUENE (COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 108-88-3 1, 10, 17, 18, 19,
(<4.00%) 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26
N-HEXANE (COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 110-54-3 1, 10, 18, 19, 20,
21, 23, 24, 25, 26
CYCLOHEXANE (COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 110-82-7 1, 10, 11, 15, 18,
19, 20, 21, 23, 24,
25, 26
XYLENES (COMPONENT ANALYSIS) 1330-20-7 1, 10, 18, 19, 20,
(<4.40%) 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26
PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL 8002-05-9 16, 19, 20, 21, 25,
26
--- REGULATORY LISTS SEARCHED ---
1=ACGIH ALL 6=IARC 1 11=TSCA 4 16=CA P65 CARC 21=LA RTK
2=ACGIH A1 7=IARC 2A 12=TSCA 5a2 17=CA P65 REPRO 22=MI 293
3=ACGIH A2 8=IARC 2B 13=TSCA 5e 18=CA RTK 23=MN RTK
4=NTP CARC 9=OSHA CARC 14=TSCA 6 19=FL RTK 24=NJ RTK
5=NTP SUS 10=OSHA Z 15=TSCA 12b 20=IL RTK 25=PA RTK
26=RI RTK
Code key: CARC=Carcinogen; SUS=Suspected Carcinogen; REPRO=Reproductive
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16. OTHER INFORMATION
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USE: CRUDE OIL
NOTE: PRODUCTS OF EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION AND ITS AFFILIATED COMPANIES
ARE NOT FORMULATED TO CONTAIN PCBS.
Health studies have shown that many hydrocarbons pose potential human
health risks which may vary from person to person. Information provided
on this MSDS reflects intended use. This product should not be used for
other applications. In any case, the following advice should be
considered:
INJECTION INJURY WARNING: If product is injected into or under the skin,
or into any part of the body, regardless of the appearance of the wound
or its size, the individual should be evaluated immediately by a
physician as a surgical emergency. Even though initial symptoms from
high pressure injection may be minimal or absent, early surgical
treatment within the first few hours may significantly reduce the
ultimate extent of injury.
Precautionary Label Text:
CONTAINS PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL, N-HEXANE, BENZENE
DANGER!
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR. LOW VISCOSITY MATERIAL-IF
SWALLOWED, MAY BE ASPIRATED AND CAN CAUSE SERIOUS OR FATAL LUNG DAMAGE.
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HARMFUL TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS, MAY CAUSE LONG-TERM ADVERSE EFFECTS IN THE
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT.
OVEREXPOSURE TO BENZENE MAY RESULT IN CANCER, BLOOD DISORDERS, AND DAMAGE
TO THE BONE MARROW. EXPOSURE TO NORMAL HEXANE MAY RESULT IN NERVE
DAMAGE.
Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Avoid breathing mist or vapor.
Do not get on skin or clothing. Wear oil impervious gloves and clothing.
Use with adequate ventilation.
FIRST AID: In case of skin contact, promptly dry-wipe the skin. Cleanse
the area with waterless hand cleaner and follow by washing thoroughly
with soap and water. If swallowed, call a physician immediately. Do not
induce vomiting or give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Ordinary clothing wet with this material must be removed. Launder
contaminated clothing before reuse. Discard shoes if material has
penetrated to inside surface.
For industrial use only. Not intended or suitable for use in or around a
household or dwelling.
This warning is given to comply with California Health and Safety Code
25249.6 and does not constitute an admission or a waiver of rights. This
product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause
cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. Chemicals known to
the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other
reproductive harm are created by the combustion of this product.
Refer to product Material Safety Data Sheet for further safety and health
information.
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For Internal Use Only: MHC: 1* 1* 2* 0* 1*, MPPEC: DVF, TRN:
123455-44, CMCS97: EMGC44, REQ: PS+C, SAFE USE: P
EHS Approval Date: 11JUN2002
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Legally required information is given in accordance with applicable
Information given herein is offered in good faith as accurate, but
without guarantee. Conditions of use and suitability of the product for
particular uses are beyond our control; all risks of use of the product
are therefore assumed by the user and WE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL
WARRANTIES OF EVERY KIND AND NATURE, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IN RESPECT TO
THE USE OR SUITABILITY OF THE PRODUCT. Nothing is intended as a
recommendation for uses which infringe valid patents or as extending
any license under valid patents. Appropiate warnings and safe handling
procedures should be providedto handlers and users. Use or re-
transmission of the information contained herein in any other format
than the format as presented is strictly prohibited. ExxonMobil neither
represents nor warrants that the format, content or product formulas
contained in this document comply with the laws of any other country
except the United States of America.
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Copyright 2001 Exxon Mobil Corporation, All rights reserved
20/11/2003
