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Temporary demountable
structures
Guidance on procurement, design and use
Third edition

April 2007
 April 2007

Temporary demountable structures

Guidance on procurement, design and use

Third edition

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition  

 Acknowledgements

The first edition of this Guide was prepared in association with the Steel Construction Institute whose contribution
is gratefully acknowledged.

The second edition of this Guide was prepared with support provided by the Implementation Monitoring Group
and the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.

Unless stated otherwise below, all the figures in this Guide have either been especially commissioned for this
third edition or are provided courtesy of the members of AGOTS or their employers (see list of AGOTS members
opposite). Figures from other sources are courtesy of the following:
• 3A Entertainment Ltd (front cover, upper).
• Baconinflate Ltd and AKSWard (front cover, lower).
• Live Nation (Music) UK (Figure 3).
• Building Research Establishment Ltd (Figure 12).
• Total Fabrications Ltd and AKSWard (Figures 23 and 29, right).
• Eve Trakway (Figure 31).
• MOJO Barriers BV (Figures 36 and 37).

Copyright in the relevant Figures is retained by the above, the members of AGOTS or their employees who
provided them, as appropriate.

ii  IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition

 Constitution of Task Group

This Guide was prepared by the Institution of Structural Engineers in association with the Advisory Group on
Temporary Structures (AGOTS). The members of the group and the organisations they represented are listed below:

Chairman R. Barrett Star Events Group Ltd

Vice Chairman P.M. Hind BSc(Eng), CEng, MICE, FIStructE AKSWard Ltd
Core Cities Group S. Willett BSc, CEng, MICE, MRICS Glasgow City Council
Communities and Local Government R. Shipman BSc, CEng, MICE, PGCE
The Event Services Association J. O’Neill Arena Seating Ltd
The Institution of Civil Engineers J. P. Cowan BSc(Eng), CEng, FICE, FCIWEM, FCIBSE, FEWI
Geoffrey Hunt & Partners
The Institution of Structural Engineers J. P. Blakeman BSc, CEng, FIStructE, FConsE
Clarke, Nicholls & Marcel
J.G.H. Cutlack BSc(Eng), ACGI, CEng, MIStructE, MCS
NRM Bobrowski
Dr J. F. Dickie PhD, BSc, CEng, MIStructE Crowdsafe Ltd
Dr A. J. M. Soane PhD, BSc(Eng), CEng, FIStructE, FICE
CROSS – Confidential Reporting on Structural Safety
The Performance Textiles Association A. Dann Danco plc
The Production Services Association S. James HND Eng Tech IOSH Event Safety Shop Ltd
By invitation M. Blackburn Grandstands Worldwide
S. W. Brackley Hussey Seatway Ltd
M. Bunting
N.H. Darracott MEng, CEng, MIMechE Xolve Ltd
Technical editor P.M. Hind BSc(Eng), CEng, MICE, FIStructE AKSWard Ltd
Secretary Dr J.D. Littler PhD The Institution of Structural Engineers

Published by The Institution of Structural Engineers, International HQ, 11 Upper Belgrave Street, London SW1X 8BH

First published 1995

Second edition published 1999
Third edition published 2007
ISBN 978-0-901297-45-7
© 2007 The Institution of Structural Engineers

Front cover: Large outdoor concert showing typical stage structure and seating areas, Bath, UK (top)
Custom built concert stage and scenic elements, Milton Keynes, UK (bottom).
Inside front cover: Audience area tower structures to support lighting, sound and video equipment.

The Institution of Structural Engineers and the members who served on the Committee which produced this Guide have endeavoured
to ensure the accuracy of its contents. However, the guidance and recommendations given in the Guide should always be reviewed
by those using it in the light of the facts of their particular case and specialist advice obtained as necessary. No liability for
negligence or otherwise in relation to this Guide and its contents is accepted by the Institution, the members of the Committee, their
servants or agents. Any person using this Guidance should pay particular attention to the provisions of this Condition.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
permission of the Institution of Structural Engineers, who may be contacted at 11 Upper Belgrave Street, London SW1X 8BH.

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition  iii

iv  IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition
 CONTENTS

Foreword ix

Glossary xi

1 Introduction and scope 2

1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Scope and purpose of the Guide 2
1.3 Status of the Guide 3

2 Principal responsibilities 6
2.1 General 6
2.2 Responsibilities of clients, venue owners and event organisers 6
2.3 Responsibilities of designers and contractors 7
2.4 References 7

3 Hazards and risks relating to demountable structures 10

3.1 Hazards 10
3.1.1 Design hazards 10
3.1.2 Erection and dismantling hazards 10
3.1.3 Operational hazards 10
3.2 Risk assessment 10
3.3 Steps to minimise risks 11
3.3.1 Design 11
3.3.2 Erection and dismantling 11
3.3.3 Operation 12
3.4 Crowd behaviour 12
3.4.1 Introduction 12
3.4.2 Crowds 13
3.4.3 Crowd control or crowd management 14
3.5 Fire 15
3.6 Safety planning 16
3.6.1 Introduction 16
3.6.2 The safety plan 16
3.7 References 16

4 Statutory control 20
4.1 General 20
4.2 Building Regulations 20
4.2.1 England and Wales 20
4.2.2 Scotland 20
4.2.3 Northern Ireland 20
4.3 Planning permission 21
4.4 Premises licensed for public entertainment (not including sports grounds) 21
4.4.1 England and Wales 21
4.4.2 Scotland 21
4.4.3 Northern Ireland 22
4.5 Sports grounds 22
4.5.1 Sports grounds safety certification 22
4.5.2 Sports grounds prohibition notices 24
4.6 Public Health Acts Amendment Act 1890 24
4.7 Local acts in England and Wales 24

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition  

 4.8 Fire precautions 25
4.9 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 25
4.10 References 25

5 Procurement and use 28

5.1 Procurement 28
5.1.1 General 28
5.1.2 Specification of requirements 28
5.1.3 Compliance with regulations 29
5.1.4 Design and checking 29
5.1.5 Equipment checking 29
5.2 Documents 30
5.2.1 Safety policies 30
5.2.2 Risk assessments and safety plans 30
5.2.3 Method statements 30
5.2.4 Major incident plans 30
5.2.5 Fire certificates 30
5.2.6 Independent erection check and completion certificate 30
5.2.7 Document check list 30
5.3 Use 32
5.3.1 Supervision during the event 32
5.3.2 Access and egress 32
5.3.3 Electrical installations and lightning protection 32
5.3.4 Fire safety 32
5.3.5 In-service inspection and maintenance 32
5.4 References 33

6 Ground and site conditions 36

6.1 Introduction 36
6.2 Information 36
6.3 Basic principles 36
6.4 Ground bearing pressures 37
6.5 Foundations 37
6.6 Soleplates, baseplates and spreaders 38
6.7 Ground anchors 39
6.8 Sloping ground 39
6.9 Site drainage 40
6.10 Inspection 40
6.11 References 40

7 Erection, inspection and dismantling 42

7.1 Erection 42
7.1.1 Planning 42
7.1.2 Work on site 42
7.1.3 Erection check 44
7.2 Dismantling 45
7.3 Inspection of components 45
7.3.1 Repeated use of components 45
7.3.2 Scaffolding components 46
7.3.3 Inspection of structural components used repetitively 46
7.4 References 48

vi  IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition

8 Wind loading 50
8.1 Introduction 50
8.1.1 General 50
8.1.2 Basic principles 50
8.1.3 Design principles 52
8.2 Wind loading on structures 53
8.2.1 Grandstands 54
8.2.2 Stages 54
8.2.3 Special Structures 54
8.2.4 Operations management for wind Option (b) 55
8.3 Wind loading on tents and marquees 56
8.3.1 Basis 56
8.3.2 PTA Method 56
8.4 References 58

9 Grandstands 60
9.1 Introduction 60
9.2 Materials 60
9.3 Design principles 60
9.4 Design guidance 62
9.4.1 General 62
9.4.2 Loading 62
9.5 Connections 65
9.6 Loading tests 65
9.7 Layout criteria (means of escape) 66
9.8 Barriers and handrails 66
9.8.1 General 66
9.8.2 Protection against falling 66
9.8.3 Design of barriers 67
9.9 Demountable standing accommodation 67
9.10 Viewing facilities for wheelchair users 68
9.10.1 General 68
9.10.2 General principles 68
9.10.3 Design requirements – platforms 69
9.10.4 Design requirements – access ramps 69
9.10.5 Seating arrangements and capacities 70
9.11 References 72

10 Stages and similar structures 74

10.1 Introduction 74
10.2 General design requirements 74
10.2.1 Introduction 74
10.2.2 Calculations 74
10.3 Stage types 75
10.3.1 Stage floor platforms and associated sub-structures 75
10.3.2 Roofs 76
10.3.3 Free standing roof systems 77
10.3.4 Roof systems that are supported on a stage floor 77
10.3.5 Roof systems supported within the sub-structure of a stage floor 77
10.3.6 Fully integrated units that are typically vehicle based 78
10.4 Access and egress for non-public use 78
10.5 Protection against falling 79
10.6 Use of lifting equipment in the construction and use of stages 80
10.7 References 80

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition  vii

 11 Barriers for Events 82
11.1 Introduction 82
11.2 Design 85
11.2.1 Design loading 86
11.3 Hoarding or fences outwith the main viewing areas 87
11.4 Site conditions/barrier performance 87
11.5 Multiple barrier arrangements 88
11.6 Event risk assessment 89
11.7 Installation and inspection 89
11.8 References 89

12 Tents and marquees 92

12.1 Introduction 92
12.2 Design 93
12.2.1 General 93
12.2.2 Anchors 93
12.2.3 Wind loading 94
12.2.4 Flame retardancy of fabric and materials 94
12.3 Procurement and use of tents and marquees 95
12.3.1 Safety considerations – client 95
12.3.2 Safety considerations – contractor 96
12.4 Erection, inspection and dismantling of tents and marquees 96
12.4.1 Erection 96
12.4.2 Inspection 96
12.4.3 Dismantling 97
12.5 Verification 97
12.6 References 98

13 Ancillary and special structures 100

13.1 Introduction 100
13.2 Design 100
13.2.1 General considerations 100
13.2.2 Verticality 101
13.2.3 Stability 101
13.2.4 Overloading 101
13.2.6 Scaffold 102
13.2.7 Access 102
13.3 Masts and towers 102
13.4 Catenary wire ropes 103
13.5 Hospitality units 104
13.6 References 104

Appendix
Sources of information 105

viii  IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition

 Foreword

Two serious incidents of instability of spectator seating occurred in the UK during 1993 and 1994: 18 people were
injured in April 1993 when seating collapsed at a gospel meeting, and about 1100 spectators were involved in the
collapse of a demountable structure at a pop concert in October 1994.

The urgent requirement to provide guidance was recognised and supported financially by the Department of the
Environment. As a result the Institution of Structural Engineers, in collaboration with the Steel Construction
Institute, published the first edition of this Guide in October 1995. Although this Guide fulfilled its immediate
purpose, subsequent debate revealed the need for a greater contribution by industry covering a wider range of
temporary structures. The constitution of the committee responsible for the development of the second edition was
extended to include trade associations because of their knowledge and experience of demountable structures. An
Implementation Monitoring Group was formed with representatives of government, industry, and the Institutions
of Structural and of Civil Engineers.

Following publication of the second edition in 1999, the Implementation Monitoring Group was re-named as the
Advisory Group On Temporary Structures (AGOTS). Since then, the industry has seen several technological and
regulatory changes. Regrettably there have been a number of structural failures at events in recent years which
has led to calls for updated guidance, especially with respect to the actions of wind on temporary structures.

The third edition of this Guide builds on information provided in the second edition and is intended for clients
and for local authorities, contractors and suppliers of demountable structures for events. It is also an advisory
document for use by competent persons who are responsible for the design of demountable structures.

The spirit of cooperation and dedication displayed by the members of AGOTS is gratefully acknowledged.
I would also like to thank the many other contributors who freely gave of their knowledge and experience to assist
the development of this guidance.

I am indebted to Dr John Littler, Secretary to the Group. The task of efficient administration and maintaining the
effort to achieve the tight programme of assessment, review and publication has made heavy demands on his busy
institutional workload.

I am also grateful to HSE for their endorsement of the third edition below.

Roger Barrett
Chairman, AGOTS
February 2007

The HSE welcomes this third edition of Temporary demountable structures – Guidance on procurement, design
and use and considers it an important document in supporting the effective management of health and safety risk
with regard to these structures. The direct involvement of experienced and professional practitioners ensures that
such guidance will be both relevant and authoritative.

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition  ix

  IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition
 Glossary

The definition of the following terms as used within Design wind speed Maximum wind speed that a
this Guide is set out below. No attempt has been temporary structure is designed to withstand.
made to define all the terms in this Guide that might
be unfamiliar to the general reader, but which have Designer All structures should be properly designed
widespread use within the entertainment sector. by a competent person. The designer should be able to
offer evidence of their competence. Evidence of the
Chartered engineer Chartered structural or design process being carried out should be available.
civil engineer, being a member of the Institution Where structures are intended for repetitive use, a
of Structural Engineers or the Institution of Civil standard design is acceptable provided that evidence
Engineers, with appropriate experience in the context of the original design is available.
of this Guide.
Engineering documentation These documents
Client Person or organisation who procures a shall include the structural calculations, drawings
demountable structure for use at an event; this may and specifications, risk assessments and method
be the owner of the venue, site or building where statements.
an event takes place but is not necessarily the event
organiser. Enforcing Authority The organisation which
controls the issue of approvals. This may be the
Competent persons People shall be regarded as Local Authority.
competent where they have sufficient training and
experience to take responsibility for an identified task. Event A public or private occasion at which
It is important that they have a detailed knowledge spectators are present.
of the type of structure, and particularly of those
matters which are essential for its structural reliability. Event organiser An individual or organisation that
Competent persons will have an awareness of the promotes and manages an event. This may not always
limitations of their own experience and knowledge. be the client.
A competent person is required to confirm that a
structure has been erected in accordance with the Independent design check (1) A check of a
actual design. standard system, which may be based on design or
have evolved on an empirical basis, by a chartered
Completion certificate A certificate or written engineer having appropriate skill and experience.
record prepared by a contractor to confirm that the (2) A check of the design of any special or non-
appropriate independent erection checks have been standard arrangement of elements supplied for a
carried out and that a temporary structure has been project, carried out by a chartered engineer having
erected in accordance with the design drawings and appropriate skill and experience of such design.
documentation.
Independent erection check An inspection of a
Contractor A firm which is contracted, by the temporary structure by a competent person made after
client, to supply and erect a structure. every erection of the structure. The competent person
may be an employee of the supplier of the structure
Design check See ‘Independent design check’. or a person nominated to carry out such inspection by
the supplier. Where the erection check is carried out
Design documentation Documents provided by by a member of the erection team, evidence of that
the designer of a temporary structure that enable the person’s competence should be made available. The
basis of design to be clearly understood and the design results of this inspection should be recorded on a form
criteria to be verified. They should include drawings, (the completion certificate) designed for this purpose
calculations, certificates, statements of loading, risk by the contractor.
assessments, method statements, etc.

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition  xi

 Kentledge Dead weight, normally steel or concrete Safety plan A document which identifies the
but could include containers filled with water or hazards and associated risks relating to the design,
granular material. The term ballast is sometimes procurement, construction and use of the temporary
interchangeable with kentledge. demountable structure for the proposed event, and
sets out responsibilities for managing the risks. Safety
Local authority The organisation which controls plans should be subject to continual review and
the issue of Building Regulations approvals, safety periodic formal revision.
certificates and licences under relevant legislation.
The local authority is also the responsible body for Stage A structure that comprises a performance
planning permission (but not in Northern Ireland). area with roof cover and associated side and rear walls
(where applicable).
Marshal An alternative word for steward at sports
events. However, a marshal may have a specific role Steward A competent person employed for major
at some events, e.g. racecourses, motor sports. events by the client and whose duties are as defined
in Section 3 of the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds.
Operational wind speed Maximum wind speed At certain sporting events, a steward is referred to as
at which a temporary structure is designed to be a marshal.
used.
Structural Safety Structural safety refers to
Owner The owner of the venue, site or building the strength, stability and integrity of a structure
where an event takes place. to withstand the conditions that are likely to be
encountered during its life-time. Structural safety
Risk assessment The process by which a competent is achieved through the proper procurement, design,
person identifies the hazards associated with the construction, use and maintenance of the structure and
design, construction or operation of a temporary the application of best practice.
demountable structure, determines the level of risk
for people constructing or using the structure, and Supplier See ‘Contractor’.
assesses the likelihood and consequences of an
incident. Temporary demountable structures Structures
which are in place for a short time, generally no more
Safety coordinator Person responsible for than 28 days, that are designed to be erected and
implementing a safety plan – a representative of dismantled manually many times. They are usually
the owner or the event organiser. At sporting events made from lightweight components and are used for a
covered by a safety certificate, the safety coordinator wide variety of functions at public and private events.
will be the safety officer. They include grandstands, tents and marquees which
may accommodate large numbers of people, and
stages and supports for performers.

xii  IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition

 Section 1
Introduction and scope

This Section is intended for all readers

“This Guide is concerned with the structural safety and

adequacy of demountable structures used for temporary
purposes and also with the overall planning and management
of events.”

“Demountable structures are widely used for a variety

of functions at public and private events. They may provide
viewing facilities (including temporary seating), shelter
(tents and marquees), platforms and supports for performers
(such as stages), and for media facilities (such as supports
for floodlights, loudspeakers, TV cameras, vision screens
and press boxes).”

“Demountable structures are often required at short

notice. Timescales frequently make it necessary for clients,
contractors and local authority officers to make decisions
relatively quickly.”

“The achievement of safety requires judgment based on

experience and careful evaluation of relevant factors. Each
case should be judged on its individual circumstances. It is
not merely a matter of the rigid application of standards.”

“The approach to risk management should always

be one of flexibility and sound judgment. Unjustifiably
onerous or inappropriate requirements do not contribute
to public safety and in some unfortunate instances may
create risks in themselves. An objective assessment by a
competent person is required.”

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition Section one 

 1 Introduction and scope structures made from slender components and need
to be designed, erected and inspected before use by
1.1 Introduction competent persons.
Demountable structures are widely used for a variety Both the venue owner and the event organiser
of functions at public and private events. They have responsibilities for the safety of people attending
may provide viewing facilities (including temporary the event, but everybody involved in planning, design,
seating), shelter (tents and marquees), platforms and erection and management of a temporary demountable
supports for performers (such as stages), and for structure owes a duty of care in relation to the safety
media facilities (such as supports for floodlights, of the structure and to people working on and using
loudspeakers, TV cameras, vision screens and press the structure.
boxes). They can be found at exhibitions, sporting Contact with local authority officers, fire officers
events, musical concerts and social occasions. Some and police may be necessary to obtain approvals relating
may carry substantial numbers of people during to the adequacy of the structure, fire precautions,
major events. seating, layout, and entry and exit arrangements.
Key factors relating to temporary demountable The achievement of safety requires judgment
structures include the following: based on experience and careful evaluation of relevant
• Demountable structures are often required at factors. Each case should be judged on its individual
short notice. circumstances. It is not merely a matter of the rigid
• Timescales for planning, installing and erecting application of standards.
temporary structures before the event and removing In recent years the traditional structural
them afterwards frequently make it necessary for engineering response to public assembly safety has
clients, contractors and local authority officers to broadened to include environmental psychology, fire
make decisions relatively quickly. engineering, information systems and management
• Temporary structures may need to withstand systems. The outcome can be simply expressed as the
substantial horizontal, vertical and dynamic emergence of the concept of ‘crowd management’ as
loadings from crowds, and from wind. opposed to ‘crowd control’. Emphasis is placed on
• The structural components are often required public safety as opposed to public order, recognising
to be lightweight, rapidly assembled, readily the need for planned rather than reactive crowd
dismantled and reusable. management.
The approach to risk management should always
Requirements for a demountable structure can be be one of flexibility and sound judgment. Unjustifiably
specified by the owner of the venue where an event is onerous or inappropriate requirements do not
to take place or, more usually, by the organiser of the contribute to public safety and in some unfortunate
event. Whoever instructs the contractor becomes ‘the instances may create risks in themselves. An objective
client’ and, as such, should provide a clear written assessment by a competent person is required.
specification to the contractor. This Guide is based on practice in the United
The fact that a structure is designed for temporary Kingdom but the principles described may be
use does not change the overall requirements for appropriate for application elsewhere.
safety; the failure of any temporary structure in a
crowded, confined space could have devastating 1.2 Scope and purpose of the Guide
effects. Although the time available from concept Demountable structures considered in this Guide
to use for an event may be limited, it is essential include free-standing demountable temporary
to design structures to suit the specific intended grandstands, platforms, stage structures and barriers.
purpose and to recognise that the key to the safety Temporary structures such as towers and masts to
of temporary demountable structures lies largely in support media facilities, and canopies, tents and
the proper planning and control of work practices marquees are also included. Where a demountable
coupled with careful inspection of the finished structure is to be used at a sports ground or designated
structure. football stadium, local authorities may attach special
Temporary demountable structures are usually conditions to certificates controlling its use.
designed to be easily erected and dismantled, and Retractable seating and fairground structures are
are capable of adaptation to different situations. not considered in this Guide.
This often means that they are relatively lightweight The purpose of this Guide is to give the designer

 Section one IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition

information to assist in achieving the safe and dismantling, may be reused many times. A number
economic design of temporary demountable structures of proprietary systems exist which should be used in
and to encourage their safe and economic erection. accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and in
It is hoped that this design process will be generally accordance with the approval of the local authority.
recognised and applied uniformly across the country. This Guide is concerned with the structural safety
To fulfil this aim, this Guide provides information and adequacy of demountable structures used for
to assist the designer to evaluate the loads likely to be temporary purposes and also with the overall planning
imposed on the temporary demountable structures. In and management of events. ‘Temporary’ is taken
some cases an engineering appraisal will be required here to mean that the structure will not usually be in
of the recommended levels of loading to adjust these position for more than 28 days. This period of time is
to the particular circumstances, such as the planned not definitive.
activity or possible misuse. Layout, entry, exit and other requirements for
The Guide is also intended for clients, event crowd safety are covered in general terms only
organisers and venue owners, regulatory and local but information on sources of guidance on such
authorities, as well as contractors and suppliers of requirements is provided.
demountable structures. It applies to demountable
structures erected for events, whether or not the event 1.3 Status of the Guide
is required to be licensed. The Institution of Structural Engineers has produced
It is also intended for competent persons who are this Guide as guidance and it is only intended as such. It
responsible for the design, erection, inspection and is not intended to provide the definitive approach in all
dismantling of demountable structures. situations. However, it is suggested that any departures
Demountable structures are usually assembled should be carefully considered and the reasons for them
from readily connected components which, after should be recorded.

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition Section one 

 Section one IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition
 Section 2
Principal responsibilities

This Section is intended for all readers

“Primary responsibility for the safety of people attending

an event and of the users of temporary demountable
structures lies with the client. The client cannot pass on the
responsibility for safety to any third party.”

“The client should make sure that competent persons

are employed to design, supply and erect the temporary
demountable structures.”

“It is the responsibility of all those concerned with such

structures to exercise care in their work and in all matters
relating to the safety of the people who may be using
them.”

IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition Section two 

 2 Principal responsibilities It is important that responsibilities for the
safe procurement, erection, use and dismantling of
2.1 General demountable structures are clearly defined in writing
The general requirements for health and safety at the outset so there is no misunderstanding of the
relating to demountable structures are the same as roles of the client or any other party (Figure 1) (Also
for permanent structures: a demountable structure see Section 5).
should be part of a safe and healthy environment for The client should:
those using it, and should not give rise to risks to the • Make sure that requirements for safety in use are
health or safety of users, nor to those involved with met.
erection, maintenance or dismantling of the structure. • Oversee, with appropriate monitoring,
It is the responsibility of all those concerned with the procurement, including provision by the
such structures to exercise care in their work and in all contractor of erection drawings accompanied by
matters relating to the safety of the people who may calculations, design loads and any relevant test
be using them. results.

2.2 Responsibilities of clients, venue If the client does not have appropriate technical
owners and event organisers expertise, they should consider appointing a competent
Primary responsibility for the safety of people attending person to advise them who may act as the client’s
an event and of the users of temporary demountable agent for the purposes of statutory compliance.
structures lies with the client. The client cannot pass The appropriate authorities should be given
on the responsibility for safety to any third party. The adequate notice of the proposed use of the structure
owner of the premises where the event is located also and be advised when it will be available for inspection
has responsibilities relating to safety. before use. This is the responsibility of the client or
The client should make sure that competent their agent.
people are employed to design, supply and erect the It is a requirement of the Management of
temporary demountable structures. The client should Health and Safety at Work Regulations 19992.1 for
make proper enquiries about competence and obtain all employers to carry out a risk assessment (see
written evidence of this. The client is responsible Section 3.2).
for the safety of users of temporary demountable The event organiser is responsible for overall
structures in respect of management and control of safety co-ordination before and during the event (see
users before, during, and after an event. Section 3.1).

CLIENT

Responsible for the safety of

users of the temporary
demountable structure
(see Section 3)

LOCAL AUTHORITY CONTRACTOR

Responsible for statutory public safety Responsible for design, erection and
controls in some circumstances dismantling of temporary structure.
(see Section 4) Responsible also for arranging
independent design check

Figure 1 Principal responsibilities

 Section two IStructE Temporary demountable structures Third edition

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