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BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF ARTISTS IN CANADA

This index has been compiled as a quick reference guide to biographies of

almost 8,800 professional and amateur artists active in Canada from the
seventeenth century to the present. The artists represent 42 professional
categories, from animation to topography. In addition to Canadian artists,
the index has entries on more than 800 British, American, and European
artists, all of whom spent part of their careers in Canada.
Each entry provides the artist's name, date and place of birth and death
(or years the artist flourished, if birth and death dates are unavailable),
nationality (if not Canadian), type of artist (major medium/media used),
and sources in which biographical information may be found. Several hun-
dred cross-references link the various names used by some artists during
the course of their careers.

+ EVELYN DE R. MCMANN retired in 1978, having been responsible for index-

ing Canadian art for the Fine Arts and Music Division of the Vancouver
Public Library for fourteen years. Her previous books include Royal Cana-
dian Academy of Art: Exhibitions and Members, 1880-1979 and Canadian Who's
Who Index, 1898-1984.
This page intentionally left blank
EVELYN DE R. McMANN

BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
OF ARTISTS IN CANADA

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS

Toronto Buffalo London
 www.utppublishing.com
© University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2003
Toronto Buffalo London
Printed in Canada

ISBN 0-8020-2790-3

Printed on acid-free paper

National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data

McMann, Evelyn de R. (Evelyn de Rostaing), 1913-1998
Biographical index of artists in Canada
ISBN 0-8020-2790-3
1. Artists - Canada - Biography - Indexes. I. Title
N6548.M29 2003 709'.2'271 C2001-904049-0

University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its

publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts
Council.

University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its

publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing
Industry Development Program (BPIDP).
CONTENTS

Introduction vii

Guide to Entries ix

Abbreviations xiii

Abbreviations of Works Cited xvii

Biographical Index of Artists in Canada 1

This page intentionally left blank
INTRODUCTION

The history of art in Canada has three distinct periods, beginning with the
years of Nouvelle France prior to 1759, when the first classes in painting
and the decorative arts were offered in the Quebec Seminary. This period
was followed by the British regime, which culminated in Confederation in
1867, and which saw the arrival of many fine artists in the army, navy, and
government services who recorded the pioneer life of the people. The third
and present era of Canadian art was heralded by the establishment of
the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1880. To obtain a membership
diploma artists gave one of their best works to the academy. These were
presented to the government, and became the nucleus of the National Gal-
lery of Canada collection.
This index has been compiled as a quick reference guide to biographies
of almost 8,800 artists active in Canada from the seventeenth century to the
present. These artists have worked in forty-two professional categories,
from painting and sculpture to animation. In addition to Canadian artists,
the index has entries on more than 800 British, American, and European
artists. Many standard references ignore the Canadian activity of these for-
eign artists. Several hundred cross-references link the various names used
by some artists during the course of their careers.
The biographies have been gathered from more than 150 sources: art dic-
tionaries, national biographies, who's who series, catalogues of permanent
collections in art galleries, and Canadian art histories. The selection was
confined to those sources that may be found in many university, public,
and art gallery libraries.
The majority of the biographies were found in J. Russell Harper's Early
Painters and Engravers in Canada, catalogues of the National Gallery of
Canada, the Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Colin S. MacDonald's Dictio-
nary of Canadian Art, and major exhibition catalogues. Biographies of
non-Canadians have been augmented by dictionaries published in Great
Britain, the United States, and Europe.
No distinction has been made between professional, amateur, and naive
artists. There are some persons who have had little or no instruction in
carving, painting, or sculpture, but whose works are considered worthy of
acceptance by exhibition judges, and are purchased by art galleries.
Inevitably, compiling the index has required making a number of deci-
sions. The same name may appear with different spellings in various
sources; places and dates of birth and death are not always available or
precise; names of the countries of birth or death change; activity in 'the
viii Introduction

Arctic' had to be examined to determine whether it occurred in what is

now Canada, or in Alaska or Greenland. Where there has been doubt, I
have based the entry on the most apparently reliable source, or sources.
It has been my good fortune to receive the assistance of many kind
friends and acquaintances who have improved the quality of the index.
Their replies to my questions have been most gratefully received and val-
ued: Ian Montagnes, editor of the index; David Karel, Assistant Dean Fac-
ulte des Lettres, 1'Universite Laval; Charles C. Hill, Curator of Canadian
Art, Pierre Landry, Acting Associate Curator of Canadian Art, Peter
Trepanier, Head Special Collections, and Murray Waddington, Head
Librarian, National Gallery of Canada; Jim Burant, Chief Art Acquisition
and Research, National Archives of Canada; Kathryn Bridges, Pictorial
Records, British Columbia Archives; Cheryl Siegle, Librarian, Art Gallery
of Vancouver; Diana Cooper, Fine Arts Reference Librarian, University of
British Columbia; and the Vancouver Public Library's Subject Divisions, in
particular the staff of Fine Arts and Music.

Evelyn de Rostaing McMann

Vancouver
July 1995
GUIDE TO ENTRIES

Entries provide the following information:

• name
• date and place of birth and death (when available)
• years an artist flourished (when birth and death dates are unavailable)
• nationality (if not Canadian)
• type of artist (major medium/media used)
• sources in which biographical information may be found

Abbreviations for types of artists, place names and nationalities, and

sources are given on pages xiii-xxvi.

Names

Most names appear in the index as they appear in the sources. However, an
artist may be identified in more than one way, depending on the source. To
assist users of the index in locating entries in the sources, several devices
have been used:

COLVILLE, David Alexander (some sources list him as Colville, Alex)

HARRINGTON/HARRISON (sources differ in the spelling of the sur-
name: used when the variant spellings are close together alphabeti-
cally)

Some authors are listed in different sources under different surnames or by

a signature other than their surname. In such cases superscript numbers
have been inserted. Thus:

SMITH1, Ann Harris2 DBA1,2 (she is listed under both Smith and Harris
in the source)
LAMBE, Sarah M.2 (Zaidee M.3) H2'3 MM RCA (she is listed under both
names in the source)
MILLER, Grace Wilson2 ACA2 (she is listed under Wilson in the source)
ROSS, Mary (m John Beck2) MA2 (she is listed as Mary Beck in the
source)
MOORE, Helen (m Henry Stuart2) WHC2 (she is included in her hus-
band's biography in the source)
x Guide to Entries

HALL, Bertha Adams2 (s Berto3) F2 Des3 (she is listed under Adams in

the first source, and under her signature Berto in the second)

In addition, see references have been used.

Entries for Inuit artists include census numbers assigned to the artist by
the Canadian government. For the 1941 decennial census, each Inuit per-
son was allotted a number on a disc, e.g., E 174. In 1945 a number was
added to indicate the geographical district in which the person lived: El to
E9 for the nine districts in the Eastern Arctic, and W1 to W3 for districts in
the Western Arctic. Depending on the district, the disc number E 174, for
example, became El-174. In 1971 disc numbers were discontinued and
'Project Surnames' were introduced. Kiawak El-174 became Kiawak
Ashoona. Because the disc numbers were used as a signature for many
years by many artists, they are retained in the index. Entries are further
complicated by variations in transliteration of the Inuit names, so that the
same artist may appear in different sources as, for example, Amitook,
Amatuk, and Ometuoq.

Dates and places of birth and death

Birth and death dates are provided when available, based on the most con-
sistently reliable sources. Even with so many sources, it has been impossi-
ble to determine some dates of birth or death, or to decide between
conflicting dates. Places of birth and death are given when available. Dates
and places are treated as follows:

b London 1819, d England 1905 (born in London in 1819; died in England,

location unknown, in 1905)
b Montreal 1896 - d 1961 (born and died in the same city)
b Ottawa 1865, d 1901 (place of death unknown)
b Toronto 1863 (place and date of death unknown)
b Halifax 1936- (still living)
b 1857/61, d 1914 (birth dates vary in different sources)

Sources

The sources indexed in this work are identified by abbreviations. Directo-

ries published regularly over a number of years are identified by the last,
or latest, year in which a biography appears. Editions and volumes are
identified as part of the abbreviation:

CWW10 Canadian Who's Who, 1910 edition

DCB9 Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 9
 Guide to Entries xi

Mo98,12 Morgan 1898 edition, and 1912 edition

WWA43d56 Who's Who in American Art, the last biography was in the
1943 edition, the death was reported in the 1956 edition

Page numbers are given when the source does not list the artist's name
in correct alphabetical order. In Burke's Peerage and Baronetage the entries
are in order of the name of the peerage and baronetage, and references
include page numbers; the 10th edition of 1970 and the 1978 reprint have
the same pagination.
Full bibliographic references are given with their abbreviations in the list
which begins on page xvii.
One valuable source does not appear because it does not include biogra-
phies. Artists in Canada, published by the National Gallery of Canada, lists
by name approximately 40,000 artists and where their files are held in
university, public, and art gallery libraries. It was particularly useful in
providing dates not available in the sources.
This page intentionally left blank
ABBREVIATIONS

Professional Categories

anim animator illus illustrator

cal calligrapher litho lithographer
car caricaturist med medallist
cart cartoonist met metal worker
carv carver min miniaturist
cer ceramist mmed mixed media artist
coll collage artist mos mosaic artist
con conceptualist mtech mixed techniques artist
crto cartographer mur muralist
des designer paint painter
dior dioramist panor panoramist
drgt draughtsman pas pastelist
drw drawer prt print maker
enam enamellist sculp sculptor
engr engraver sil silhouettist
etch etcher ske sketcher
fab fabric artist stgl stained-glass maker
fre frescoist tap tapestry maker
glpt glass painter tex textile artist
gra graphic artist topog topographer
ilium illuminator wlhg wall-hanging artist

General

Adm Admiral Comdt Commandant

aka also known as d died
b born fl flourished
Brig Brigadier FM Field Marshal
Bro Brother Ft Fort
bu buried Gen General
c circa (about) GovGen Governor General
Capt Captain Isld Island, Islands
Cdr Commander Lt Lieutenant
cen century m married
Co County, Company Maj Major
Col Colonel Msgr Monsignor
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