Intro to Industrial Arts I

MODULE 2

Fundamentals of

Electronics Technology

Prepared by:
NEMENCIO V. TRETASCO, MTE

Intro to Industrial Arts I

Fundamentals of Electronics
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 This Module 4 is last part of the subject in Introduction to Industrial Arts I. This
module is intended for Bachelor in Technology and Livelihood Education (BTLEd) major in
Industrial Art and Home Economics. This is pre-requisite to Industrial Art II, meaning to fail
in this subject you cannot enrolled the Introduction to Industrial Arts II.

II. DURATION : 12 hours (3 hrs. per week)

III. MODULE DESCRIPTION:

This module is composed of 4 lessons; it discuss the brief history of electronics and
competencies of TESDA for Electronics Product Assembly System (EPAS NC II),
knowledge and skills in fundamental of electronics like diagramming and demonstrate how to
use basic hand tools & test equipment. Safety and work habit is also given emphasis.
This module is designed for beginners in the field of electronics. Topic is presented
and some examples were provided to be able understand easily.
To identify the learning outcome short assessment is included, and for further deep
understanding and appreciation of the lesson practical activity is needed to accomplish.

IV. OBJECTIVES:

After studying this Module 4, the student should be able to:

1. Identify inventor in the field of electronics technology their creative works.

2. Know the competencies in EPAS NC II and RA. 7796

3. Prepare and interpret technical drawing.

4. Practice occupational health and safety procedures

5. Use hand tools and test equipment

6. Test Electronics devices

MODULE 4 Intro to Industrial Arts I

V. CONTENT :

MODULE 4: Fundamentals of Electronics Technology

1. Brief history of Electronics Technology
2. Competencies in Electronic Product Assembly System (EPAS NC-II)
3. Electronics Diagram
4. Basic Hand tools and Test equipment in electronics

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VI. REQUIREMENTS:
As evidence of attaining the above learning outcomes, the student is required to do and
submit the following during the indicated dates of the term.

 Schematic Diagram
 Individual (soldering activity)
 Testing electronics device
 Measuring DC and AC voltages

VII. GRADING SYSTEM:

Mid-Term and Final Examination 25%

Activities 20%
Projects 25%
Quizzes/Assignment 10%
Attendance/Class Participation 10%
Work Value 10%
TOTAL 100%

PRE Fundamentals of Electronics

MULTIPLECHOOCE: Select the best answer and write the letter of your answer on the
space provided.
TEST
_____ 1. French mathematician and physicist studied the effect of electric current and
invented solenoid.
a. George S. Ohm c. Nicola Tesla
b. Andre M Ampere d. Le De Forest

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_____ 2. The Technical Educational and Skills Development Act of 1994” is Republic Act?
a. RA7796 b. RA. 7766 c. RA. 7786 d. RA.7756
_____ 3. Luigi Galvani studied the effects of electricity on animals, especially on?
a. cat b. dog c. frog d. duck
_____ 4. George Simon Ohm was discovered Ohms law in the year 1827, which a between
current, voltage and ?
a. power b. watts c. resistance d. none
_____ 5. This qualification consists of competencies that a person must possess to electronics
skills.
a. EIM -NC II b. EPAS-NC II c. CS-NC II d. CT-NC
II
_____ 6. The acronym AT&T is refers to?
a. American Talk & Text c. American Telephone & Technical
b. American Telephone & Telegraph d. American Technology & Text
_____ 7. This is an instrument used for measuring dc resistance.
a. voltmeter b. ohmmeter c. ammeter d. digital
_____ 8. This is refers to the education process designed at post-secondary and lower tertiary
levels and officially recognized as non-degree programs.
This is an instrument used for measuring dc resistance.
a. technical education c. technical vocational
b. vocational technology d. non-formal education
_____9. This is an instrument used to measure the unit of ampere.
a. voltmeter b. ohmmeter c. ammeter d. none
_____ 10. It means any group of interrelated jobs or any occupation
a. skills b. work c. traded. job
_____ 11. It is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission,
behaviour, and effects of electrons and with electronic devices.

a. Electrical c. Electronics
b. Refrigeration & air-con. D. automotive

_____ 12. What is the code for these core competencies: Assemble Electronic Products
a. ELC724335 b. ELC724336 c. ELC724337 d. ELC724338

PRE Intro to Industrial Arts I

_____ 13. When measuring a unknown voltage, what is the best thing to do?

TEST a. do not measure

b. select on the highest range
c. select on the lowest possible
d. b & c
_____ 14. No resistance reading of a device means?
a. open b. close c. shorted d. leak
_____15. This is not example of direct current devices.
a. charger b. battery c. converter d. inverter

II. IDENTIFICATION: Select the best answer inside the box and write the answer on the
space provided.

Schematic diagram Wiring diagram Pictorial diagram

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 Solder Flat Screw Driver De-soldering Tool

Soldering Tool Allen key, Philip screwdriver

Transistor Fuse Resistor

____________________ 1.It is a representation of the electronics or electrical circuits using a

symbol and codes
____________________ 2.It is a simple tool used to drive bolts and screws with hexagonal
sockets in their heads.
____________________ 3. It is an alloy (mixture) of tin and lead, typically 60% tin and 40%
lead.
____________________ 4. A diagram which illustrates the actual physical layout of
electronic devices and shows the interconnection.
____________________ 5. Its function is to drive or fasten negative head screw.
____________________ 6. This tool is used to connect two metals or copper using solder.
_____________________7 .It is used in removing soldered wires and components on printed
circuit boards
____________________ 8. It is a diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial
representation of an electrical circuit.
____________________ 9. It is a device serves protection to a circuit.
____________________ 10. It is a electronics device with three terminal such emitter, base
and collector.

MODULE 4 Intro to Industrial Arts I

Lesson 1

Brief History of Electronics and

It’s Development

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Objectives:

After studying this lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Identify inventor in the field of electronics technology.

2. Familiar with the invention and creative works.

3. Appreciate the development in electronics field

MODULE 4 History of Electronics

Electronics, branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission,
behaviour, and effects of electrons and with electronic devices.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/electronics

Brief History of Electronics and Its Development-Electronics’ actual history began with
the invention of vacuum diode by J.A. Fleming, in 1897; and, after that, a vacuum triode was
implemented by Lee De Forest to amplify electrical signals. This led to the introduction of
tetrode and pentode tubes that dominated the world until the World War II.

Figure 1. Vacuum Triode Figure 2. Tetrode Figure 3. Penthode

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 The vacuum tube worked but it was
bulky and used a lot of electrical power
that ended up as heat which shortened
the life of the tube itself. The transistor
was a much more elegant solution to the
needs of electronics. The transistor is
small and uses much, much less power
than the vacuum tube. Because it uses so
little power there is little heat to
dissipate and the transistor does not fail
as quickly as does a vacuum tube.

The transistor was successfully demonstrated on

December 23, 1947 at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New
Jersey. Bell Labs is the research arm of American Telephone
and Telegraph (AT&T). The three individuals credited with the
invention of the transistor were William Shockley, John
Bardeen and Walter
Brattain. https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/transist.htm
Subsequently, the transistor era began with the junction transistor invention in 1948. Even
Figure 4. Inventors of transistor
though, this particular invention got a Nobel Prize, yet it was later replaced with a bulky
vacuum tube that would consume high power for its operation. The use of germanium and
silicon semiconductor materials made theses transistor gain the popularity and wide-
acceptance usage in different electronic circuits.

MODULE 4 History of Electronics

Integrated circuits (ICs)

The subsequent years witnessed the

invention of the integrated circuits (ICs) that
drastically changed the electronic circuits’
nature as the entire electronic circuit got
integrated on a single chip, which resulted in
low: cost, size and weight electronic devices.
The years 1958 to 1975 marked the introduction
of IC with enlarged capabilities of over several
thousand components on a single chip such as
small-scale integration, medium-large scale and
very-large scale integration ICs.

Figure 5. Integrated Circuit (IC)

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And the trend further carried forward with the JFETS and MOSFETs that were developed
during 1951 to 1958 by improving the device designing process and by making more reliable
and powerful transistors.

Digital integrated circuits were yet another robust IC development that changed the overall
architecture of computers. These ICs were developed with Transistor-transistor logic (TTL),
integration injection logic (I2L) and emitter coupled logic (ECL) technologies. Late these
digital ICs employed PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS fabrication design technologies

All this radical changes in all these components led to the introduction of microprocessor in
1069 by Intel. Soon after, the analog integrated circuits were developed that introduce an
operational amplifier for an analog signal processing. These analog circuits include analog
multipliers, ADC and DAC converters and analog filters.

This all about the fundamental understanding of the electronics history. This history of
electronics technology cost greater investment of time, effort and talent from the real heroes,
some of them are describe below

Source:https://www.elprocus.com/know-about-brief-history-of-electronics-and-their-generations/

MODULE 4 History of Electronics

Inventors and creative works related to electronics technology

Inventors Description
Was a professor in the University of Bologna. Studied the
Luigi Galvani effects of electricity on animals, especially on frog. With the
(11737-1798) help of experiments, he showed the presence of electricity in
frog in the year 1791

Was a greatest scientist of the 18th century, He experimented

Charles Coulumb the mechanical resistance and development coulumb’s law of
(1737-1806) electro-static charges in the year 1799

Is an Italian scientist. He invented battery in the year 1799.

Allesandro Volta He was the first to develop a battery (voltaic cell) that could
(1745-1827 produce electricity as a result of chemical reaction.

He showed that whenever a current through a conductor, a

Hans Christian Oersted magnetic field is associated with it. He initiated the study of
(1777-1852) electromagnetism and discovered aluminum in the year 1820.

Is a German physicist. He experimented with the electrical

circuits and made his own part including the wire. He found
George Simon Ohm that some conductors worked when compared to others. He
(1789-1854) discovered Ohms law in the year 1827, which a between
current, voltage & resistance. The unit for resistance is name
after him.

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 Was British scientist and a great pioneer experiment in the
Michael Faraday electricity and magnetism induction in the year 1831. The
(1791-1867) basic principle of the working of generators.

Was a German physicist born on 1857 in Hamburg. He

demonstrated the electromagnet radiation predicted by
Maxwell. By using experimental procedures, he proved the
Henrich Rudolph Hertz theory by engineering instruments to transmit and receive
(1857-1894) radio pluses. He was the first person to demonstrate the photo-
electric effect. The unit of frequency was named in Hertz in
his honorarium.
https://www.elprocus.com/know-about-brief-history-of-electronics-and-their-generations/

MODULE 4 History of Electronics

Inventors Description
Andre Marie Ampere Was a French mathematician and physicist. He studied the
(1775-1836) effect of electric current and invented solenoid. The SI unit of
electric current (the ampere) was named after him.
Thomas Alva Edison Was a businessman and an American inventor. He developed
(1847-1932) many devices like practical electric bulb, motion picture
camera, photograph and such other things. While inventing the
electric lamp, he observed the Edison effect.
Nikola Tesla Invented the Tesla coil; the Tesla induction motor; alternating
(1847-1932) current (AC; electrical supply system that includes a
transformer; 3 phase-electricity and motor. In 1891. Tesla coil
was invented and used in electronic equipment, television and
radio sets. The unit of magnetic field density was named after
him.
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Was a German physicist. He developed Kirchhoff’s Law that
(1824-1887) allows calculation of the voltage, current and resistance of
electrical networks.
Lee De Forest Was an American inventor, and he invented the first triode
(1873-1961) vacuum tube: Audion tube in 1906. He was honored as the
Father of radio.
Edwin Howard Armstrong Was an inventor and American electrical engineer. He
(1890-1954) invented a electronic oscillator and regenerative feedback. In
1917, he invented super-heterodyne radio and patented FM
radio in the year 1933.
https://www.elprocus.com/know-about-brief-history-of-electronics-and-their-generations/

Great invention of the different philosophers and scientist was overwhelming, the product of
their studies and invention we enjoying this time. Hope you learned something in the history
of electronics.

Guide Question:

1. What have you have learned in this lesson? Explain

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2. What is the importance of different invention?
2. What is the benefit of different invention to our daily activities?

SELFCHECK 1 History of Electronics

MULTIPLECHOOCE: Select the best answer and write the letter of your answer on the
space provided

_____ 1. Thomas Alva Edison developed the following aside from?

a. practical electric bulb c. motion picture camera
b. photograph d. emergency light
_____ 2. French mathematician and physicist studied the effect of electric current and
invented solenoid.
a. George S. Ohm c. Nicola Tesla
b. Andre M Ampere d. Le De Forest
_____ 3. Luigi Galvani studied the effects of electricity on animals, especially on?
a. cat b. dog c. frog d. duck
_____ 4. The acronym AT&T is refers to?
a. American Talk & Text c. American Telephone & Technical
b. American Telephone & Telegraph d. American Technology & Text
_____ 5. The transistor was successfully demonstrated on December 23, 1947 at?
a. Pascual Laboratories c. Bell Laboratories
b. Cell Laboratories d. P&G Laboratories
_____ 6.What is the nationality of Allesandro Volta?
a. Italian b. German c. American d. French

_____ 7. George Simon Ohm was discovered Ohms law in the year 1827, which a between
current, voltage and ?
a. power b. watts c. resistance d. none

_____ 8. American electrical engineer and invented a electronic oscillator and regenerative
feedback.
a. Edwin Howard Armstrong c. Le De Forest
b. Henrich Rudolph Hertz d. Michael Faraday
_____9. It is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission,
behaviour, and effects of electrons and with electronic devices.

a. Electrical c. Electronics
b. Refrigeration & air-con. D. automotive
_____ 10. This acronym ICs means?
a. Integrated Currents b. Intelligent Circuits
b. International Circuits d. Integrated Circuits

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ACTIVITY No.1 History of Electronics

Let’s do
this!
Activity No.1 : Electronics /Electrical inventors

Materials : Pictures, Long bond paper and paste

Tools : Ruler

Let’s follow
this! this!
1. Find and search the pictures of invention of the discussed lesson and paste a
picture in column A (6 inventors of your choice) and in column B pictures of invention and
write a description. paper.

Let’s evaluate
this! CRITERIA PERCENT (%) SCORE
SIMILARITY 50
QUALITY OF 20
WORK
TIME 10
WORKVALUE 20
TOTAL SCORE

Review
Questions
1. What did you learned in this activity?

2. If you will make an invention, what is this and Why? And who will be the
benefactors of your invention?

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ACTIVITY No.1 History of Electronics

Let’s do
this! Invention/creative works
Inventors Description

Invention/creative works
Inventors Description

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MODULE 4 Fundamentals of Electronics

Lesson 2
Competencies for Electronics Product
Assembly and Servicing (EPAS) NC II

Objectives:

After studying this lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Understand the RA.7796

2. Familiar with the Training regulation EPAS NC II.

3. Identify the unit of competencies for EPAS NC II

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MODULE 4 RA. 7796

Lesson 2

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7796 August 8, 1994

AN ACT CREATING THE TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY, PROVIDING FOR ITS POWERS, STRUCTURE AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES

SECTION 1. Title. — This Act shall be known as the “Technical Educational and Skills
Development Act of 1994” or the “TESDA Act of 1994.”

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby declared the policy of the State to

provide relevant, accessible, high quality and efficient technical education and skills
development in support of the development of high quality Filipino middle-level manpower
responsive to and in accordance with Philippine development goals and priorities.

The State shall encourage active participation of various concerned sectors, particularly
private enterprises, being direct participants in and immediate beneficiaries of a trained and
skilled work force, in providing technical education and skills development opportunities.

SECTION 3. Statement of Goals and Objectives. — It is the goal and objective of this Act
to:

a) Promote and strengthen the quality of technical education and skills development programs
to attain international competitiveness.

b) Focus technical education and skills development on meeting the changing demands for
quality middle-level manpower;

c) Encourage critical and creative thinking by disseminating the scientific and technical
knowledge base of middle-level manpower development programs;

d) Recognize and encourage the complementary roles of public and private institutions in
technical education and skills development and training systems; and

e) Inculcate desirable values through the development of moral character with emphasis on
work ethic, self-discipline, self-reliance and nationalism.

MODULE 4 RA. 7796

SECTION 4. Definition of Terms. — As used in this Act:

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a) “Skill” shall mean the acquired and practiced ability to carry out a task or job;

b) “Skills Development” shall mean the process through which learners and workers are
systematically provided with learning opportunities to acquire or upgrade, or both, their
ability, knowledge and behavior pattern required as qualifications for a job or range of jobs in
a given occupational area;
c) “Technical Education” shall refer to the education process designed at post-secondary
and lower tertiary levels, officially recognized as non-degree programs aimed at preparing
technicians, para-professionals and other categories of middle-level workers by providing
them with a broad range of general education, theoretical, scientific and technological
studies, and related job skills training;
d) “Trade” shall mean any group of interrelated jobs or any occupation which is traditionally
or officially recognized as craft or artisan in nature requiring specific qualifications that can
be acquired through work experience and/or training;

e) “Middle-Level Manpower” refers to those :

1) who have acquired practical skills and knowledge through formal or non-formal
education and training equivalent to at least a secondary education but preferably a post-
secondary education with a corresponding degree or diploma; or
2) skilled workers who have become highly competent in their trade or craft as
attested by industry.
f) “Private Enterprises” refers to an economic system under which property of all kinds
can be privately owned and in which individuals, alone or in association with another, can
embark on a business activity. This includes industrial, agricultural, or agro-industrial
establishments engaged in the production, manufacturing, processing, repacking or assembly
of goods including service-oriented enterprises;
g) “Trainers” shall mean persons who direct the practice of skills towards immediate
improvement in some task;
h) “Trainors/trainers” shall mean persons who provide training to trainers aimed at
developing the latter’s capacities for imparting attitudes, knowledge, skills and behavior
patterns required for specific jobs, tasks, occupations or group of related occupations;

MODULE 4 RA. 7796

i) “Trainees” shall mean persons who are participants in a vocational, administrative or

technical training program for the purpose of acquiring and developing job-related skills;

j) “Apprenticeship” training within employment with compulsory related theoretical

instructions involving a contract between an apprentice and an employer on an approved
apprenticeable occupation;

k) “Apprentice” is a person undergoing training for an approved apprenticeable occupation

during an established period assured by an apprenticeship agreement; l) “Apprenticeship
Agreement” is a contract wherein a prospective employer binds himself to train the

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apprentice who in turn accepts the terms of training for a recognized apprenticeable
occupation emphasizing the rights, duties and responsibilities of each party;

m) “Apprenticeable Occupation” is an occupation officially endorsed by a tripartite body

and approved for apprenticeship by the Authority;

n) “Learners” refer to persons hired as trainees in semi-skilled and other industrial

occupations which are non-apprenticeable. Learnership programs must be approved by the
Authority.

o) “User-Led” or “Market-Driven Strategy” refers to a strategy which promotes

strengthened linkages between educational/training institutions and industry to ensure that
appropriate skills and knowledge are provided by the educational system;

p) “Dual System/Training” refers to a delivery of quality technical and vocational education

which requires training to be carried out alternatively in two venues: In school and in the
production plant. In-school training provides the trainee the theoretical foundation, basic
training, guidance and human formation, while in-plant training develops his skills and
proficiency in actual work conditions as it continues to inculcate personal discipline and work
values;

q) “Levy Grant System” refers to a legal contribution from participating employers who
would be beneficiaries of the program (often as a percentage of the payroll) which is
subsequently turned over or rebated to enterprises offering employee training programs.

MODULE 4 Training Regulation-EPAS NC II

TRAINING REGULATIONS FOR

ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY AND SERVICING NC II

Section 1 ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY AND

SERVICING NC II QUALIFICATION

The ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY AND SERVICING NC II Qualification

consists of competencies that a person must possess to assemble electronic
products, prepare printed circuit boards (PCB) modules and to install and service
consumer and industrial electronic products and systems.

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This Qualification is packaged from the competency map of the Electronics Industry
(Service sector) as shown in Annex A.

The units of competency comprising this qualification include the following:

Code BASIC COMPETENCIES

5 00 311105 Participate in workplace communication

5 00 311106 Work in team environment

5 00 311107 Practice career professionalism

Practice occupational health and safety

5 00 311108 procedures

MODULE 4 Training Regulation-EPAS NC II

Code COMMON COMPETENCIES

ELC315202 Apply quality standards

ELC311203 Perform computer operations

ELC311201 Perform mensuration and calculation

ELC311202 Prepare and interpret technical drawing

ELC724201 Use hand tools

Terminate and connect electrical wiring and
ELC724202 electronic circuits

ELC724205 Test electronic components

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 Code CORE COMPETENCIES

ELC724335 Assemble Electronic Products

Service consumer electronic products and
ELC724336 systems
Service industrial electronic modules,
ELC724337 products and systems

A person who has achieved this Qualification is competent to be:

 Electronic Products Assembler

 Domestic Appliance Service Technician
 Audio-Video Service Technician
 Industrial Electronic Technician
 Electronic Production Line Assembler
 Factory Production Worker

https://tesda.gov.ph/uploads/File/REPUBLIC%20ACT%20NO.%207796.pdf

MODULE 4 Training Regulation-EPAS NC II

Guide questions:

1. What is RA. 7796 and its purpose? Explain

2. Differentiate the basic, common and core competencies?

3. List down the competencies under the basic, common and core?

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 Basic competencies Common Competencies Core Competencies

1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3 3

4 4

ACTIVITY No.2 Training Regulation-EPAS NC II

Let’s do
this!
Activity No. 2 : EPAS NC II Competencies

Materials : Long bond paper and paste

Tools : Ruler

Let’s follow 19 | P a g e

this! this!
 1. Find and search pictures that describe the basic, common and core
competencies. Paste your picture in column A. Use separate paper f needed.

PICTURE BASIC COMPETENCIES

Participate in workplace
communication

Work in team environment

Practice career professionalism

Practice occupational health and

safety procedures

MODULE 4 Training Regulation-EPAS NC II

PICTURE COMMON COMPETENCIES

Apply quality standards

Perform computer operations

20 | P a g e
 Perform mensuration and calculation

Prepare and interpret technical drawing

Use hand tools

Terminate and connect electrical wiring and

electronic circuits

Test electronic components

PICTURE CORE COMPETENCIES

Assemble Electronic Products

Service consumer electronic products and

systems

Service industrial electronic modules,

products and systems

SELF-CHECK 2 TR-EPAS NC II

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MULTIPLECHOOCE: Select the best answer and write the letter of your answer on the
space provided

_____ 1. The Technical Educational and Skills Development Act of 1994” is Republic Act?
a. RA7796 b. RA. 7766 c. RA. 7786 d. RA.7756
_____ 2. This qualification consists of competencies that a person must possess to electronics
skills.
a. EIM -NC II b. EPAS-NC II c. CS-NC II d. CT-NC II
____ 3. It means any group of interrelated jobs or any occupation
a. skills b. work c. traded. job
_____ 4. This is refers to the education process designed at post-secondary and lower tertiary
levels and officially recognized as non-degree programs.
This is an instrument used for measuring dc resistance.
a. technical education c. technical vocational
b. vocational technology d. non-formal education
_____ 5. It is the persons who direct the practice of skills towards immediate improvement in
some task;
a. trainors b. trainers c. employees d. none
_____ 6. What is the code for these core competencies: Assemble Electronic Products
a. ELC724335 b. ELC724336 c. ELC724337 d. ELC724338
_____ 7. Practice career professionalism is a basic core, what is the code?
a. 5 00 311107b. 5 00 311108 c. 5 00 311109d. none
_____ 8. This refers to persons hired, in semi-skilled and other industrial occupations which
are non-apprentice able.
a. student b. learners c. teachers d. worker
_____9. This is under the common competencies with Code ELC724205 is?
a. test electronics components c. use hand tools
b. perform computer operation d. apply quality standards
_____ 10. This refers to a delivery of quality technical and vocational education which
requires training to be carried out alternatively in two venues.
a. OJT b. Apprentice
c. DS/T d. Aprenticeship

MODULE 4 Fundamentals of Electronics

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Lesson 3

Electronics Diagrams

Objectives:

After studying this lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Know the different symbols used in electronics.

2. Interpret the different types of electronics diagrams

3. Draw electronics diagrams

A diagram is just like a vicinity map which serves direction to help a person in
locating the place he/she want to go. T

MODULE 4 Electronics Diagrams

Common electronics symbols

Symbol Name Symbol Name

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 Wires, crossing,
connected Battery

Wires, crossing, not Cell, electrochemical

connected

Ground, earth Resistor (Fixed)

Ground, Chassis Potentiometer

Fuse Rectifier Diode

Antenna, general Diode, zener

Capacitor (Fixed)
Antenna, loop, Non-polar
multi-turn Mylar ,Ceramic

Capacitor (polarized_
Speaker Electrolytic &
+ - tantalum

Transistor, bipolar,
Microphone NPN

Transistor, bipolar,
Integrated Circuit PNP

Single pole Single

Inductor, air core throw switch
(SPST)

Double pole Double

Inductor, iron core Throw switch (DPDT)

MODULE 4 Electronics Diagrams

Electronic Symbols and Diagram

TYPE OF DIAGRAM

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1. SCHEMMATIC DIAGRAM – is a representation of the electronics or electrical circuits
using a symbol and codes. Diagram also provide the exact value of the component and
voltage input & output.

Figure6. Schematic Diagram Regulated Power Supply

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM- is a diagram of a system or operation, in which the principal parts

or function are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the
blocks. Look at the example below, each block have definite function.

Figure 6.

Input voltage Output voltage

220V AC 5V DC
Transformer Rectification Filter Regulator
(Smoothing)

Figure 7.Block diagram of Regulated Power Supply

MODULE 4 Electronics Diagrams

3. WIRING DIAGRAM- A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial

representation of an electrical circuit. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified
shapes, and the power and signal connections between the devices. Source: Wikipedia
Loudspeaker

USB/SD/BLUETOOTH Module
L-out Ground R-out VCC (+) Ground

VOLUME TREBLE BASS

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 OUT (-)
Amplifier
OUT (+)
Audio
IN G + Output

12v DC
Power Supply + output
220v AC Input
(High AC) 3A 12v DC
Ground

Figure 8. Wiring Amplifier/USB/SD/Bluetooth Left Right

RCA/Audio input

3. PICTORIAL DIAGRAM- a diagram which illustrates the actual physical layout of

electronic devices and shows the interconnection.

Figure 9. Wiring and Pictorial Diagram of amplifier

MODULE 4 Electronics Diagrams

Let’s do
this!
I. Draw the block diagram of unregulated power supply.

26 | P a g e
 Transformer AC in

DC out DC out

AC in

2. Make a wiring diagram of unregulated power supply based on Figure.

F1

AC IN
Transformer
Primary 0v 110v 220v
Secondary 12v 0v 12v AC IN DC out
+
3 Ampere
-

SW1

MODULE 4 Electronics Diagrams

Let’s do
this!
IDENTIFICATION: On the given diagram identify the component value and draw the
symbol.

27 | P a g e
 Quantity Name Symbol

Resistor (fixed)

Potentiometer

Capacitor (Polarized)

Capacitor (Non-
polar)

Integrated Circuit
(IC)
Ground

Speaker

SELF-CHECK 3 Electronics Diagrams

Let’s do
this!
I. MATCHING TYPE: MATCH: Column A (Name of the component) to Column B (symbol
of component). Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
Column A Column B

A
28 | P a g e
 __________ 1. Transistor NPN

__________ 2. Speaker B

__________ 3. Ground C

__________ 4. Potentiometer D

__________ 5. Zener Diode E

__________6. Cell F

__________ 7. Battery G

__________ 8. Fuse H

__________ 9. Wire connected

I

__________ 10. Inductor iron core

J

ACTIVITY No.3 Electronics Symbols

Let’s do
this!
Activity No. 3 : Perform Diagramming

Materials ¼ Illustration board

Tools : Pencil, Sign pen Eraser & Ruler

Let’s follow
this! this! 1.2. Prepare necessary materials and tools needed.
Study the schematic diagram.

29 | P a g e
 3. Redraw the schematic diagram audio amplifier. Apply
proper lay outing of the symbols.

Let’s evaluate
this! EVALUATION CRITERIA:
CRITERIA PERCENT (%) SCORE
SIMILARITY 50
QUALITY OF 20
WORK
TIME 10
WORKVALUE 20
TOTAL SCORE

Review
Questions
1. What is the value of integrated circuit________________ used as main
amplifier?
2. Which pin number__________ the IC (V+) is connected?
3. Which pin number _________________ of IC (V-) is connected?
4. What are the impedance (Value of speaker) ________ ohms/ __________
watts is required in the amplifier.
5. What the value of resistor connected in the audio input? ___________
6. Why schematic diagram is important and what is differ from others?

ACTIVITY No.3 Electronics Diagrams

DRAWING:

A. schematic diagram of audio amplifier

30 | P a g e
 Complete
this
List down the following electronics component used in the schematic diagram

Quantity Component Symbol

Resistor

Capacitor

Electrolytic

Non-polar

Speaker

Integrated I.C

Ground

MODULE 4 Fundamentals of Electronics

Lesson 4

Electronics hand tools and

test equipment
In doing any activity or repairing appliance, particularly in the field of
electronics we need to have tools and equipment . Various tools and equipment
comes with different varieties and functions. Caring of hand tools and equipment is
also important to know.

31 | P a g e
 This module teach you to identify and properly use hand tools while
recognizing the hazards associated with the different types of tools and necessary
safety precaution you need to adopt to protect yourself and the equipment.

Objectives:

After studying this lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Identify the different hand tools and test instruments

2. Select proper hand tools for a given task.
3. Demonstrate the proper use appropriate hand tools and test
instrument
4. Maintain hand tools and test instruments

MODULE 4 Hand tools

Driving, holding & Cutting Tools

Function Tools
Combination Pliers (Lineman’s Pliers). This is used for
gripping, holding, and cutting electrical wires and cables
and even small nails. They are usually used by linemen in
doing heavy tasks.

Side Cutting Pliers - This type of pliers is used for cutting

fine, medium and big wires and cables.

Long Nose Pliers- This is used for cutting and holding fine
wires. This can reach tight space or small opening where

32 | P a g e
 other pliers cannot reach and also used in making terminal
loops of copper wires.
Philips Screw Driver - Its function is to drive or fasten
positive head screw. The main parts of screw driver are
handle, shank and head or tip.

Flat Screw Driver - Its function is to drive or fasten

negative head screw. The main parts of screw driver are
handle, shank and head or tip.

Jewelry/Precision Screw Driver - Its function is to drive or

fasten negative and positive head screw. The main parts of
screw driver are handle, shank and head or tip.
Stubby screwdriver- is a tool used to facilitate access to
screws located in areas that cannot be reached easily by a
regular screwdriver.

Hex key, Allen wrench or Allen key, is a simple tool used to

drive bolts and screws with hexagonal sockets in their
heads.

Screwdriver safety

1. Do not use a screwdriver as a punch, wedge, pinch bar or pry.

2. Keep the tip clean and sharp to permit a solid grip on the tip of the screw.
3. Keep the handle of the screwdriver clean and intact to allow for a solid grip.
4. Never hold the piece you are working on in your hand

MODULE 4 Hand tools

Safety tips using pliers

 Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or

goggles) whenever there is a potential hazard from flying particles, pieces of
wire, etc.
 Cut at right angles. Never rock the cutting tool from side to side or bend wire
back and forth against the cutting edges

 Choose pliers or wire cutters that have a grip span of 6 cm - 9 cm (2 1/2 - 3

1/2 in.) to prevent your palm or fingers from being pinched when the tools are
closed.
 Use adjustable pliers that allow you to grip the work piece firmly while
maintaining a comfortable handgrip (i.e., hand grasp is not too wide).
 Use tools only if they are in good condition.
 Make sure that the cutting edges are sharp. Dull and worn down cutting edges
require many times more force needed for cutting.

33 | P a g e
  Make sure that the toothed jaws are clean and sharp. Greasy or worn down
jaws can result in compromised safety. Such tools also require increased
force to hold the work piece which, in turn, increases the risk of muscular
fatigue and repetitive strain injuries.
 Oil pliers and wire cutters regularly. A drop of oil on the hinge will make the
tools easier to use.
 Pull on the pliers; do not push away from you when applying pressure. If the
tools slips unexpectedly, you may lose your balance or hit your hand against
equipment or something else hard that could result in an injury.

Care and Proper use of pliers

 Do not cut hardened wire unless the pliers or wire cutters are specifically
manufactured for this purpose.
 Do not expose pliers or wire cutters to excessive heat.
 Do not bend stiff wire with light pliers. Needle nose pliers can be damaged by
using the tips to bend large wire. Use a sturdier tool.
 Do not use pliers as a hammer.
 Do not hammer on pliers or wire cutters to cut wires or bolts.
 Do not extend the length of handles to gain greater leverage. Use a larger pair
of pliers for gripping or a bolt cutter for cutting.
 Do not use cushion grip handles for jobs requiring tools with electrically
insulated handles. Cushion grips are for comfort primarily and do not protect
against electric shock.
 Do not use pliers on nuts and bolts; use a wrench.

Soldering tools
MODULE 4
Electronic Soldering/De-soldering Tools

34 | P a g e
 Function Tools
Soldering Tool.-This tool is used to connect two metals or
copper using solder. A low power is suitable for electronics
(25watts to 60watts) to protect the electronics components
from damage.

Soldering Stand.-This tool is used to hold the soldering

iron when not in use.

De-soldering Tool.- is used in removing soldered wires and

components on printed circuit boards for troubleshooting
and repair purposes and damp sponge is used to clean the
tip of the iron.
Solder- Solder is an alloy (mixture) of tin and lead,
typically 60% tin and 40% lead. It melts at a temperature of
about 200_C. Coating a surface with solder is called
'tinning' because of the tin content of solder. Lead is
poisonous and you should always wash your hands after
using solder.

Solder paste (or solder cream) is a material used in the

manufacture of printed circuit boards to connect surface
mount components to pads on the board. It is also possible
to solder through hole pin in paste components by printing
solder paste in/over the holes.

First a few safety precautions:

1. Never touch the element or tip of the soldering iron.
They are very hot (about 400_C) and will give you a nasty burn.
2. Wear safety glasses.
Molten solder can “spit” and cause damage if it gets into your eye.
3. Always return the soldering iron to its stand when not in use.
Never put it down on your workbench, even for a moment!
4. Work in a well-ventilated area.
The smoke formed as you melt solder is mostly from the flux and quite
irritating. Avoid breathing it by keeping you head to the side of, not above,
your work.
5. Wash your hands after using solder.
Solder contains lead, which is a poisonous metal.

MODULE 4 Soldering tools

Preparing the soldering iron:

35 | P a g e
 1. Place the soldering iron in its stand and plug in.
The iron will take a few minutes to reach its operating temperature of about
400_C.
2. Dampen the sponge in the stand.
The best way to do this is to lift it out the stand and hold it under a cold tap
for a moment, then squeeze to remove excess water. It should be damp, not
dripping wet.
3. Wait a few minutes for the soldering iron to warm up.
You can check if it is ready by trying to melt a little solder on the tip.
4. Wipe the tip of the iron on the damp sponge.
This will clean the tip.

Photo source: https://www.makerspaces.com/how-to-solder/

Figure10. Cleaning the soldering tip with sponge

5. Melt a little solder on the tip of the iron.

This is called 'tinning' and it will help the heat to flow from the iron's tip to
the joint. It only needs to be done when you plug in the iron, and occasionally
while soldering if you need to wipe the tip clean on the sponge.

Photo source: https://www.makerspaces.com/how-to-solder/

Figure 11. Melting little solder

MODULE 4 Soldering tools

36 | P a g e
Soldering procedure:
1. Hold the soldering iron like a pen, near the base of the handle.
Imagine you are going to write your name! Remember to never touch the hot
element or tip.

Photo source: Electronics For robotics-WordPress.com

Figure 12. Proper holding position of soldering iron

2. Touch the soldering iron onto the joint to be made.

Make sure it touches both the component lead and the track. Hold the tip
there for a few seconds.

Photo source: ERF.com

Figure 13. Soldering Electronics Components

MODULE 4 Soldering tools

37 | P a g e
 3. Feed a little solder onto the joint.
It should flow smoothly onto the lead and track to form a volcano shape as
shown in the diagram. Apply the solder to the joint, not the iron.

https://www.makerspaces.com/how-to-solder/

Figure147. Proper soldering procedure

4. Remove the solder, then the iron, while keeping the joint still.
Allow the joint a few seconds to cool before you move the circuit board.

5. Inspect the joint closely.

It should look shiny and have a 'volcano' shape. If not, you will need to
reheat it and feed in a little more solder. This time ensure that both the lead
and track are heated fully before applying solder.

SELF-CHECK 4.1 Hand tools

38 | P a g e
MATCHING TYPE: MATCH: Column A (Name of the basic hand tools) to Column B
(Picture of the Hand tools. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
Column A Column B

__________ 1. Soldering stand A

__________ 2. Long Nose Pliers B

__________ 3. Precision screwdriver C

D
__________ 4. Flat screwdriver

__________ 5. Soldering tool E

__________6. Soldering paste F

__________ 7. Allen wrench

G

__________ 8. Diagonal side cutting pliers H

__________ 9. Combination Pliers I

__________ 10. De soldering tool

J

ACTIVITY No.4.1 Hand tools & Test Equipment

Let’s work on
thisActivity No. 4.1 : Perform the soldering

Materials 5m TW # 14 solid & sand paper

3meter solder lead 60/40

Tools : Soldering iron, soldering stand

39 | P a g e
 Pliers (Long nose and Combination)

Let’s follow
this! this! 1. Prepare all necessary materials and tools needed.
2. Follow the design. Given by your instructor.
3. Cut the wires according to the plan.
4. Clean the part of the copper wire to solder.
5. Touch the soldering tip onto the joint to be made
6. Put a little amount of solder on the copper wire.
7. Do not remove the soldering tip until the solder melt.
8. Inspect the joint closely Note: Good solder must be,
strong, smooth and shiny.
9. Repeat the procedure 5 to eight.

Let’s do
it!Your instructor will give the specific dimension of this picture

ACTIVITY 4.1 Hand tools

Let’s find out your
score evaluate this
Rubric: Soldering copper wire

CRITERIA PERCENT (%) SCORE

SOLDER/QUALITY 50
TOOLS 10
40 | P a g e
 SAFETY 20
TIME 10
WORKVALUE 10
TOTAL SCORE

Let’s have a
review
1. What part of the activity did you find it hard? Explain.
2. Why soldering skills is important to an electronics repairmen? Explain.
3. Enumerate the safety precaution did you do before doing the activity?
4. List down and total the expenses in your activity.

MODULE 4 Test Equipment

41 | P a g e
 Measuring
Instruments
In this lesson you will learn all about the multi-tester such as; identifying the
parts and function of multi-tester; following the safety precautions in using the test
instruments; the Ohmmeter function; Voltmeter function and Milli-ammeter function.
So therefore it is important to learn about the VOM.

Objectives:

In this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Definer Ohmmeter, Voltmeter and Milliammeter.

2. Familiar with the parts of multi-tester.
3. Demonstrate the proper use multi-tester.
4. Perform ohmmeter and voltmeter reading.

MODULE 4 Test Equipment

Test Equipment
Aside from having a complete hand tools in your tool box, there is a test
instrument or equipment must be inside the tool box. Electronics appliances because
of our long time use, time will come it will be damage. Some of defective
components can be actually seen because of physically damage such as burnt out
42 | P a g e
and broken. How about those defective component or devices that physically good?
How you can identify if it is defective or good condition? It is hard to identify
defective and good condition of electronics component without testing it individually
using multi-tester. Using multi-tester you can also make voltage measurement to
easily identify the stage or circuit with problem.
A VOM stands for Voltmeter, Ohmmeter and Milliammeter. This is a
combination of 3 instrument. Voltmeter is use to measure the potential difference in
volts. While Ohmmeter is use to measure the resistance in the unit of ohms (Ω). A to
measure the current is the milliammeter with the unit of Ampere.
.Analog multi-meters (AMM) use a micro ammeter with a moving pointer to
display readings. Below is the example of typical multi-tester

A digital multimeter (DMM) is a test tool used to measure two or more

electrical values—principally voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It
is a standard diagnostic tool for technicians in the electrical/electronic industries.
Below is the two types of multi-tester (analog & digital).

Figure 15 Analog and Digital Multi-tester

Test Equipment
MODULE 4

PARTS OF MULTI-TESTER

43 | P a g e
The pointer
or needle- use to Meter scales- this is the
point or read the basis of the measurement
measurement.

The Dial or the

Infinity knob- this is
the zero collector Zero Adjustment or the
whenever you Zero Ohms collector
calibrate, the knob- this use to
beginning as 0 calibrate the tester
voltages both the AC whenever you wanted to
and DC
measure the resistance.
measurement

Range selector
knob- this is
to select the range
and settings of the
VOM the (AC and DC,
Resistance, and
the Amperage).

Range and settings- Test probes- there are two

written here the voltages test probes of the VOM, the
AC and DC, Resistance or
ohms, and
black is the negative (-) and
the amperage range. the red is the positive (-).

Figure 16 .Analog Multi-tester

Test Equipment
MODULE 4
.
MULTIMETER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
As a beginner in this measuring instruments we need to know the safety precaution
first. As with other meters, the incorrect use of a multimeter could cause injury or damage.
44 | P a g e
The following safety precautions are the MINIMUM for using a multimeter. De
energize and discharge the circuit completely before connecting or disconnecting
amultimeter.

1. Never apply power to the circuit while measuring resistance with a multimeter.
Connectthe multimeter in series with the circuit for the current, and parallel for
voltage measurements. Be certain the multimeteris switched to AC before attempting
to measure AC circuits.

2. Know what to be measure remember that before you perform measurement of a

voltage or a device you should acquaint yourself what type of current your dealing
with. Is this high voltage or not, example: the wall outlet electricity or the
convenience outlet or CO that has a standard wall outlet electricity of 220 VAC
minimum.

3. Observe proper dc polarity when measuring dc. When you are finished with a
multimeter, switch it to the OFF position, if available. If there is no OFF position,
switch the multimeter to the highest ac voltage position.

4. Always start with the highest voltage or current range. Select a final range that
allows a reading near the middle of the scale.

5. Adjust the "0 ohms" reading after changing resistance ranges and before making
a resistance measurement. Be certain to read ac measurements on the ac scale of a
multimeter.

6. Observe the general safety precautions for electrical and electronic devices.

7. Do not hold the test rod is the metal tip of the test probe, consider always the
voltage and electronic component as high voltage. So that you will avoid the accident
of electrical shock and damage of the units you repair.

Test Equipment
MODULE 4
Let’s study
this?

Ohmmeter Scale – it has a four range (X1, X10, X1kΩ and X10KΩ)
45 | P a g e
Please observe the division of bar it has different value.

1/line
. 2/line
5/line .5/line
20/line

.2/line
100/line

Scale Reading/Line(bar)
0-2 0.2
2-10 0.5
10-20 1
Ohmmeter
20-50 2
50-100 5
100-200 20
200-500 100

Ohmmeter
MODULE 4
When the ohmmeter is set to its RX1 position, we read the scale directly.
Scale reading is multiply by range used. Example: Range X1

4 3 2
5 1

46 | P a g e
 When the ohmmeter is set to its RX10 position, we read the scale directly.
Scale reading is multiply by range used. Example: Range X10

4 3 2
1
5

Numbe Scale Reading Actual Reading

r
1 3.5Ω X 1 3.5 ohms
2 7.5Ω X 1 7.5 ohms
3 18Ω X1 18 ohms
4 36Ω X 1 36 ohms
Number 5 Scale x Range
65Ω X 1 Actual Reading
65 ohms
1 6.5 ohms X10 65 ohms
2 12 ohms X10 120 ohms
3 22 ohmsX10 220 ohms
4 42 ohms X10 420 ohms
5 75 ohms X10 750 ohms

Test Instuments
MODULE 4
When the ohmmeter is set to its RX1K position, we read the scale directly.
Scale reading is multiply by range used. Example: Range X1K

4 3
5 2
1

47 | P a g e
 When the ohmmeter is set to its RX10K position, we read the scale directly.
Scale reading is multiply by range used. Example: Range X10K
4 3
5 2
1

Number Scale x Range Actual Reading

1 3 x1K 3KΩ
2 8.5 x 1K 8.5KΩ
3 16 x 1K 16KΩ
4 34 x 1K 34KΩ
5 65 x1K 65KΩ

Number Scale x Range Actual Reading

1 4.5 x 10K 45KΩ
2 7.5 x 10K 75KΩ
3 13 x 10K 130KΩ
4 24 x 10K 240KΩ
5 55 x 10K 550KΩ

Ohmmeter
MODULE 4
Follow
this
48 | P a g e
 Ohmmeter is an instrument used for measuring dc resistance. The resistance
measurement is powered by the internal batteries and the range selector switch is
placed at the ohmmeter range being used.

Ohmmeter is very useful in checking wire continuity, fuse and other

electronics component See Figure 16. Setting ohmmeter & Figure 17. Checking a
fuse

How to use the Ohmmeter?

Checking Fuse with

3 1 ohmmeter

1. Set the multi-tester

to ohmmeter range.

2. Connect red and

black test probe together.

2 3. Adjust the 0Ω
adjuster knob to be exact to
0Ω.

Figure 16. Setting ohmmeter

4
5
4. Connect red and black test
probe on the device.

5. Read the ohmmeter scale and

identify the condition of the
device.

Note: Good fuse the

ohmmeter reading is 0Ω.
Defective fuse no resistance
reading.
Figure 16. Checking a fuse

Ohmmeter
MODULE 4
How much you have
learned?
49 | P a g e
A. Identify the ohmmeter reading based on the range; write your answer on the
provided table.
4 3
5 2
1

Range X1Ω Range X10Ω

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

B. Draw a line on the meter scale based on the given range and resistance.

Range Reading
X1KΩ 1. 3KΩ
2. 11KΩ
XK10Ω 3.160KΩ
4.380KΩ
5. 550KΩ

Ohmmeter
ACTIVITY 4.2
Let’s do this in
actual
50 | P a g e
 Activity No. 4.2 : Perform Ohmmeter Reading

Materials : 1pc. bulb 10w & 1pc. bulb 25w

5 pcs Switch & 5pcs assorted type of fuse
Cord set
Equipment : Multi-Tester

Let’s follow
this!
1. Prepare all necessary materials, tools & equipment needed.
2. Fill in the Table 1.Ohmmeter reading
3. Follow ohmmeter reading procedure and record the result in Table 1.
4. Repeat procedure until done.
Table1. Testing Electrical & Electronics devices using Ohmmeter

Component Description Test point Ohmmeter

Reading
Bulb Incandescent bulb 10watts Terminal 1 & 2

Incandescent bulb 25watts Terminal 1 & 2

Switch Rocker switch Terminal 1 & 2

Slide switch Terminal 1 & 2
One way switch Terminal 1 & 2
Three-way switch Terminal 1 & 2
Toggle switch Terminal 1 & 2
Thermal Fuse for (Electric Terminal 1 & 2
Fuse fan)
Thermal Fuse Terminal 1 & 2
Rice cooker
Thermal fuse Terminal 1 & 2
Flat iron
Cartridge-glass type fuse Terminal 1 & 2
Automotive fuse Terminal 1 & 2
AC Cord Line 1 to Line 1
Line2 to Line 2
Ground to
Ground

51 | P a g e
 Ohmmeter
MODULE 4
Let’s evaluate
this!
Complete the CRITERIA PERCENT (%) SCORE
table OHMMETER
READING
50

SAFETY 20
TIME 10
WORKVALUE 20
TOTAL SCORE

Let’s have a
review1. Enumerate the procedure using ohmmeter.
2. What is the resistance of a good fuse, wire and switch?

3. What is the resistance of a defective fuse, wire and switch?

52 | P a g e
 Voltmeter
MODULE 4
Let’s study
this?
Complete the
Alternating Current Voltage (ACV) scale and
table Direct Current Voltage (DCV) Scale

ACV &
DCV
10v
50v
250v

For AC 10v

ACV
Range
DCV
Range

Ω53range
|Page
 Scale Range Reading/Line
2.5 0.5
AC/D 10 0.2
C
50 1
250 5
1000 20

DC Voltmeter reading
MODULE 4
DCV
readings
Range 10 DCV

2 3
1 4
5

1 2 3 4 5
2.4v 3.8v 5.6v 6.4v 8.6v

Range 50 DCV

2 3
1 4
5

54 | P a g e
 1 2 3 4 5
13v 24v 316v 42v 44v

DC Voltmeter reading
MODULE 4
Continue the voltmeter
reading!
Range 250 DCV

2 3
1 4

1 2 3 4 5
65v 110v 140v 190v 230v
Range 1000 DCV

2 3
1 4
5

55 | P a g e
 1 2 3 4 5
140v 440v 620v 740v 880v

Note: In Direct current & Alternating current voltage measurement the same preference
(scale) and the (AC 10V). You also observe the polarity if test pin in DCV red for positive
terminal and black for negative terminal of the source.

DC Voltmeter reading
MODULE 4
Safety
first
How to use the DC Voltmeter?
1 3
1. Set the multi-tester to proper DCV
range Note: If unknown voltage select on
the highest range and gradually switch to
2 the next lower range, if the meter pointer
moves less than 1/10 full scale.

2. Connect red test probe to the

positive terminal and black test probe to the
negative terminal of the battery.

Note: Observe the polarity of the

device and the test probe.
Figure 18. Checking a fuse
3. Read the DC voltage scale.

Examples of Direct Current source:

Figure 19. Different types of Battery
Battery- a container consisting of one or
more cells, in which chemical energy is converted
into electricity and used as a source of power.
Batteries come in several types and volts and uses
defend on the required power needed.
56 | P a g e
 Photo source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd

AC-DC converters are electrical circuits

that transform alternating current (AC) input into
direct current (DC) output. They are used in power
electronic applications where the power input a 50
Hz or 60 Hz sine-wave AC voltage that requires
power conversion for a DC output.
(Source from: AC/DC Selection Guide)

Charger of cellular phones, laptops power

supply and converter are good examples of DC
Figure 20. Different types of Direct current devices source.

Voltmeter
ACTIVITY 4.3
Let’s do it in
actual
Activity No. 4.3 : Perform DC Voltage Measurement

Materials : Battery “AA” 1.5 V & 9v, Cellular

Phone battery, AC-DC power supply, Lap top
power supply
Equipment : Multi-tester

Let follow this

1. Prepare all necessary materials, tools & equipment needed.
2. Follow the steps in measuring DC voltages. Observe the polarity and
safety.
3. Record the measured voltage on the Table.1 Direct Current Voltage
Measurement

Complete the
Table.
Table1. Direct Current Voltage Measurement

Component/Description Terminal Range DCV

used Reading
Battery “AA” 1.5v (+ & -)

57 | P a g e
 (+ & -)
Battery 9v (+ & -)
Cellular phone Battery (+ &-)
(+ &-)
Laptop Power supply (+ & -)
Terminal 0v & 3v
Terminal 0v & 4.5v
AC/DC Power Supply
Terminal 0v & 6v
Terminal 0v & 9v
Terminal 0 & 12v

Voltmeter
MODULE 4
Let’s evaluate
this?
CRITERIA PERCENT (%) SCORE
DCV Measurement 50
SAFETY 20
TIME 10
WORKVALUE 20
TOTAL SCORE

58 | P a g e
Let’s have some
review
1. Enumerate the safety precaution in measuring DC voltages.

2. What are the examples of DC devices?

3. Enumerate the DCV range in multi-tester.

AC Voltmeter reading
MODULE 4
Let’s do it
safely!
How to use the AC Voltmeter?
1. Set the multi-tester to
3 4 proper ACV range Note: Select the
range higher than voltage to be
measure.

59 | P a g e
 Note: If unknown voltage, select on
the highest range and gradually
2
switch to the next lower range, if the
meter pointer moves less than 1/10
1 full scale.

2. Connect the device to the

power source.
3. Connect red test probe and
black test probe to the terminal of the
device
Figure 21. Checking voltage of a transformer
4. Read the AC voltage scale.

Example of AC source
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained
from an external source into electrical energy as the output. Generator with DCV
input (Battery) and ACV output. Source: Wikipedia Photo source:https://images-na.ssl-images-
amazon.com/images/I/81isHsvGM1L._SX355_.jpg

A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy

between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer
produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive
force across a second coil wound around the same core . Source: Wikipedia
Transformer Photo source: https://www.electrical4u.com/wp-content/uploads/what-is-trasformer.png

A convenience outlet installed in our homes is other source of ACV coming

from the electric service provided.
Photo Source:https://www.nelsoncomfort.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Outlet-1024x1024.jpg

Figure 22. Different Alternating Current source

MODULE 4 Voltmeter Reading

How much you have

learned?
A. Identify the voltmeter reading based on the range; write your answer on the
table.

4 2 5
1
3
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 ACV Range 10 ACV Range 50v

B. Draw a line on the ACV meter scale based on the given volt and range.

Range Reading
AC 250volts 1. 120v
2. 230v
AC 1000 volts 3. 450v
4. 680v
5. 840v

Voltmeter reading
ACTIVITY 4.4
Lets apply it in
actual
Activity No. 4.4 : Perform AC Voltage Measurement

Materials : Transformer Primary 220v Sec. 0-12v, 1A

Voltage Regulator
AC outlet (Meralco source)

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 Equipment : Multi-tester

Let’s follow this with

safety
1. Prepare all necessary materials, tools & equipment needed.
2. Follow the steps in measuring AC voltages. Observe safety.
3. Record the measured voltage on the Table.1

Let’s complete this

Tabele1. Alternating Current Voltage Measurement
Equipment Terminal Range used
Description
Transformer 500mA 0v-6v (Sec.) AC 10V
0v-220 (Primary)
6v-0v-6v (Secondary.) 6v-6v (Sec.) AC 50v
0v-3v (Sec.) AC 10V
Transformer 3A
0v-220 (P) 0v-4.5v (Sec.) AC 10V
0v-12v (Sec.) 0v-6v (Sec.) AC 10V
0v-9v (Sec.) AC 10V
0v-12v (Sec.) AC 50V
Voltage Regulator 110v output AC 250
110v output AC 250
220v output AC 250
Power Source (C.O) 220v output AC 250

AC Voltmeter Reading
MODULE 4
Let’s evaluate
this
CRITERIA PERCENT (%) SCORE
VOLTMETER 50
READING
SAFETY 20
TIME 10
WORKVALUE 20
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TOTAL SCORE
 Let’s make some
review
1. Enumerate the safety precaution in measuring AC voltages.

2. What is the sources alternating current?

3. List down the ACV range in Multi-tester.

Test Equipment
SELF-CHECK 4
How much you have
learned?
MULTIPLECHOOCE: Select the best answer and write the letter of your answer on the
space provided

_____ 1. This is the basis of the measurement where the graduation, bar drawn in the body.
a. needle b. meter scale c. test pin d. battery
_____ 2. This use to calibrate the tester whenever you wanted to measure the resistance.
a. Selector range b. infinity knob c. 0Ω adjuster knob d. none
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____ 3. This is part of the multi-tester where you can rotate and select the proper position to
be measure.
a. infinity knob c. 0Ω collector knob
b. selector range d. none
_____ 4. This is an instrument used for measuring dc resistance.
a. voltmeter b. ohmmeter c. ammeter d. digital
_____ 5. This dictates or read the measurement using the meter scale base of the range and
settings you prepared during the test of a device or line of a voltage.
a. test pin b. meter scale c. needle d. wire
_____ 6. When measuring a unknown voltage, what is the best thing to do?
a. do not measure c. select on the lowest possible
b. select on the highest range d. b & c
_____ 7. This is an instrument used to measure the unit of current.
a. voltmeter b. ohmmeter c. ammeter d. none
_____ 8. No resistance reading of a device means?
a. open b. close c. shorted d. leak
_____9. This is not example of direct current devices.
a. charger b. battery c. converter d. inverter
_____ 10. This is not good example of alternating current source.
a. inverter c. generator
b. laptop power supply d. transformer

POST Fundamentals of Electronics

MULTIPLECHOOCE: Select the best answer and write the letter of your answer on the

TEST
space provided.

_____ 1. French mathematician and physicist studied the effect of electric current and
invented solenoid.
a. George S. Ohm c. Nicola Tesla
b. Andre M Ampere d. Le De Forest
_____ 2. The Technical Educational and Skills Development Act of 1994” is Republic Act?
a. RA7796 b. RA. 7766 c. RA. 7786 d. RA.7756
_____ 3. Luigi Galvani studied the effects of electricity on animals, especially on?
a. cat b. dog c. frog d. duck
_____ 4. George Simon Ohm was discovered Ohms law in the year 1827, which a between
current, voltage and ?
a. power b. watts c. resistance d. none
_____ 5. This qualification consists of competencies that a person must possess to electronics
skills.
a. EIM -NC II b. EPAS-NC II c. CS-NC II d. CT-NC II
_____ 6. The acronym AT&T is refers to?
a. American Talk & Text c. American Telephone & Technical

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 b. American Telephone & Telegraph d. American Technology & Text
_____ 7. This is an instrument used for measuring dc resistance.
a. voltmeter b. ohmmeter c. ammeter d. digital
_____ 8. This is refers to the education process designed at post-secondary and lower tertiary
levels and officially recognized as non-degree programs.
This is an instrument used for measuring dc resistance.
a. technical education c. technical vocational
b. vocational technology d. non-formal education
_____9. This is an instrument used to measure the unit of ampere.
a. voltmeter b. ohmmeter c. ammeter d. none
_____ 10. It means any group of interrelated jobs or any occupation
a. skills b. work c. traded. job
_____ 11. It is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission,
behaviour, and effects of electrons and with electronic devices.
a. Electrical c. Electronics
b. Refrigeration & air-con. D. automotive

_____ 12. What is the code for these core competencies: Assemble Electronic Products
a. ELC724335 b. ELC724336 c. ELC724337 d. ELC724338

POST Fundamentals of Electronics

_____ 13. When measuring a unknown voltage, what is the best thing to do?

TEST a. do not measure

b. select on the highest range
c. select on the lowest possible
d. b & c
_____ 14. No resistance reading of a device means?
a. open b. close c. shorted d. leak
_____15. This is not example of direct current devices.
a. charger b. battery c. converter d. inverter

II. IDENTIFICATION: Select the best answer inside the box and write the answer on the
space provided.

Schematic diagram Wiring diagram Pictorial diagram

Solder Flat Screw Driver De-soldering Tool
Soldering Tool Allen key, Philip screwdriver
Transistor Fuse Resistor

____________________ 1.It is a representation of the electronics or electrical circuits using a

symbol and codes
____________________ 2.It is a simple tool used to drive bolts and screws with hexagonal
sockets in their heads.
____________________ 3. It is an alloy (mixture) of tin and lead, typically 60% tin and 40%
lead.

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____________________ 4. A diagram which illustrates the actual physical layout of
electronic devices and shows the interconnection.
____________________ 5. Its function is to drive or fasten negative head screw.
____________________ 6. This tool is used to connect two metals or copper using solder.
_____________________7 .It is used in removing soldered wires and components on printed
circuit boards
____________________ 8. It is a diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial
representation of an electrical circuit.
____________________ 9. It is a device serves protection to a circuit.
____________________ 10. It is a electronics device with three terminal such emitter, base
and collector.

References:
https://www.nelsoncomfort.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Outlet-1024x1024.jpg

https://www.electrical4u.com/wp-content/uploads/what-is-trasformer.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer
https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81isHsvGM1L._SX355_.jpg

AC/DC Selection Guide

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd
https://www.makerspaces.com/how-to-solder/
ERF.com
Electronics For robotics-WordPress.com

https://www.makerspaces.com/how-to-solder/
eletroschematic.com

www.electriccircuits.com

https://tesda.gov.ph/uploads/File/REPUBLIC%20ACT%20NO.%207796.pdf

https://www.elprocus.com/know-about-brief-history-of-electronics-and-their-generations/

Know about Brief History of Electronics and their Generations

says: et al.
Technology and Livelihood Education Electronics 1 A UbD Based Worktext by Mars E. Tan
Electronic Components Testing Simplified by Benjamin Velasco 1994

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