Mass and balance test

Mass and Balance Quiz

1. MZFM is given as 47,000 kg, the MTOM is 62,800 kg and the MLM is 54,900
kg. Let us assume that there are no performance limits so that the regulated
take-off and landing masses are equal to the structural limits. Also, DOM =
34,000 kg, traffic load = 12,400 kg, take-off fuel = 16,000 kg, and 8,000 kg of
fuel was used in flight.
Can extra load be carried? If yes, how much?
2. MSTOM = 42,100 kg, MSLM = 35,000 kg, PLLM = 33,000 kg, MZFM = 31,000
kg, DOM = 19,000 kg, Total Fuel Capacity = 12,500 kg, Maximum Trip Fuel =
9,000 kg, Contingency fuel = 1,000 kg, Alternate fuel = 500 kg, Final reserve
fuel = 400 kg. What is the maximum take-off mass and traffic load?
a. 42,100 kg / 12,200 kg
b. 42,000 kg / 12,100 kg
c. 41,900 kg / 12,000 kg
3. Aircraft weight without fuel and payload = 90t. RTOW = 167t, RLW =
139.55t, MZFW = 132t, Reserve fuel = 3t, Flight time = 3h 33min, Diversion
time = 51min, Fuel flow = 2.5 t/hr. What is the maximum permissible TWO and
payload?
4. APS weight = 40.00 t, RLW = 49.55 t, RTOW = 65.00 t, MZFW = 48.00 t, Burn-
off = 12.89 t, Reserve = 1.65 t. Calculate the maximum permissible TOM and
payload.
5. Load sheet reads: A/C weight (no fuel, no payload) = 63,200 kg, Max TOW =
99,000 kg, Route fuel = 18,200 kg, Reserve = 3,000 kg, Max landing weight =
76,500 kg, MZFW = 74,000 kg. Find:
a. TOW when maximum payload is carried
b. Maximum payload
6. The center of gravity of an airplane is that point through which the total
mass of the airplane is said to act. The weight acts in a direction:
a. Governed by the distribution of the mass within the airplane
b. Always parallel to the airplane's vertical axis
c. Parallel to the gravity vector
7. When an airplane is stationary on the ground, its total weight will act
vertically:
a. Through its center of pressure
b. Through a point defined as the datum point
c. Through its center of gravity
8. The weight of an airplane, which is in level non-accelerated flight, is said to
act:
a. Vertically through the center of gravity
b. Always along the vertical axis of the airplane
c. Vertically through the datum point
9. The center of gravity of an airplane:
a. May only be moved if permitted by the regulating authority
b. Must be maintained in a fixed position by careful distribution of the load
c. Can be allowed to move between defined limits
10. The center of gravity is the:
a. Center of thrust along the longitudinal axis
b. Neutral point along the longitudinal axis
c. Point where all the aircraft mass is considered to be concentrated
11. The center of gravity of a body is that point:
a. Where the sum of the external forces is equal to zero
b. Which is always used as datum when computing moments
c. Through which the sum of the forces of all masses of the body is considered
to act
12. An airplane loaded with CG toward the rear limit will result in:
a. Reduction in power required for a given speed
b. Increased risk of stalling due to decreased tailplane moment
c. Reduced fuel consumption as a result of reduced drag
13. When the CG is at the forward limit, the airplane will be:
a. Extremely stable and will require excessive elevator control to change pitch
b. Extremely unstable and require excessive elevator control to change pitch
c. Extremely stable and require small elevator control to change pitch
14. What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
a. The relationship of thrust and lift to weight and drag
b. The location of the CG with respect to the neutral point
c. The effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer and rudder
15. An airplane said to be "neutrally stable" is likely to:
a. Cause the CG to move forwards
b. Be caused by a CG near the forward limit
c. Be caused by a CG near the rearward limit
16. If the CG is near the forward limit, the airplane will:
a. Require elevator trim which increases fuel consumption
b. Benefit from reduced drag
c. Require less power for a given airspeed
17. During takeoff, the airplane rotates much more rapidly than expected. This
indicates:
a. The center of pressure is aft of the CG
b. The airplane is overloaded
c. The CG may be toward the aft limit
18. If the CG moves forward during flight, elevator control will:
a. Become heavier, making it more difficult to maneuver
b. Become lighter, making it more difficult to maneuver
c. Become heavier, making it easier to maneuver
19. The CG position can always be determined by:
a. Subtracting total moment from total mass
b. Dividing total moment by total mass
c. Dividing total mass by total moment
20. The stalling speed is highest when loaded with:
a. High gross mass and aft CG
b. High gross mass and forward CG
c. Low gross mass and aft CG

21. With the centre of gravity on the forward limit, which of the following is to
be expected?
a. A decrease in range
b. A tendency to yaw to the right on take-off
c. A decrease of the stalling speed
22. The Dry Operating Mass of an aeroplane includes:
a. Crew and crew baggage, catering, passenger service equipment, potable
water and lavatory chemicals
b. Passengers, baggage and cargo
c. Fuel and passengers’ baggage and cargo
23. At the flight preparation stage, the following parameters are available: 1.
Dry operating mass, 2. Operating mass. Which statement is correct?
a. The dry operating mass includes fixed equipment needed to carry out a
specific flight
b. The dry operating mass includes take-off fuel
c. The operating mass is the mass of the aeroplane without take-off fuel
24. "Basic Empty Mass" includes the mass of the aeroplane structure complete
with its power plants and fixed equipment. Its value is:
a. Found in the latest version of the weighing schedule, corrected for
modifications
b. Printed in the loading manual and includes unusable fuel
c. Found in the flight manual and includes unusable fuel plus fluids in closed
systems
25. When establishing mass breakdown, the empty mass is the sum of:
a. Basic mass plus special equipment mass
b. Standard empty mass + specific equipment + trapped fluids + unusable fuel
c. Basic mass + variable equipment mass
26. An aeroplane is weighed and scales show: nose = 5330kg, left main =
12370kg, right main = 12480kg. Operational items = 1780kg, crew mass =
545kg. What is the empty mass?
a. 31960 kg
b. 30180 kg
c. 28400 kg
27. Take-off mass = 117000 kg, traffic load = 18000 kg, fuel = 46000 kg. What is
the dry operating mass?
a. 99000 kg
b. 64000 kg
c. 53000 kg
28. Before weighing, which of the following is not required?
a. Drain all engine tank oil
b. Drain all usable fuel
c. Drain all chemical toilet fluid tanks
29. An aeroplane may be weighed:
a. In an enclosed, non-air conditioned hangar
b. At a specified “weighing location” on the airfield
c. In a quiet parking area away from the normal maneuvering zone
30. For aeroplanes >2000 kg, the mass must be determined:
a. At intervals of 5 years if no modifications take place
b. At intervals of 9 years
c. At regular annual intervals
31. For aircraft <2000 kg, mass recheck is required:
a. Every 4 years
b. After major repair/modification affecting weight and balance
c. When Certificate of Airworthiness is renewed
32. Who is responsible for deriving Dry Operating Mass from the weighed
mass?
a. Aircraft manufacturer
b. The commander
c. The operator
33. Responsibility for determining mass of "operating items" and "crew
members" in Dry Operating Mass lies with:
a. Person compiling the weighing schedule
b. The operator
c. The commander
34. Given: DOM = 34,930 kg, Landing mass limit = 55,000 kg, Taxi fuel = 350 kg,
Trip fuel = 9730 kg, Contingency + reserve fuel = 1200 kg, Alternate fuel = 1600
kg, 130 passengers at 84kg, baggage 14kg each. What is the maximum cargo
load without exceeding landing limit?
a. 4530 kg
b. 5400 kg
c. 6350 kg
35. Empty mass = 44800 kg, Operational items = 2300 kg (including 1060 kg
crew). MZFM = 65500 kg. What is the maximum traffic load?
a. 20700 kg
b. 23000 kg
c. 18400 kg
36. DOM = 85000 kg, Max take-off = 127000 kg, Max landing = 98500 kg,
MZFM = 89899 kg. Fuel: Trip = 29300 kg, Reserve = 3600 kg, Alternate = 2800
kg. What is max traffic load?
a. 4800 kg
b. 7100 kg
c. 6300 kg
37. An extra baggage container is added aft but not included in load sheet. This
will:
a. Prevent achievement of take-off safety speeds
b. Increase speeds but not affect performance
c. Reduce safety margins
38. If 15,400 kg fuel is loaded but 14,500 kg is entered in trim sheet, crew will
notice:
a. Speed at unstick will be higher than expected
b. V1 will be reached sooner than expected
c. Aircraft will rotate earlier than expected
39. Increased aircraft mass causes:
a. Higher stalling speeds
b. Greater flight endurance
c. Higher climb gradient for same power
40. If fuel is 16,500 L at 0.78 kg/L but entered as 16,500 kg, the aircraft is:
a. Lighter than anticipated; calculated speeds too high
b. Heavier than anticipated; calculated speeds too high
c. Lighter than anticipated; calculated speeds too low
41. A flight benefits from a strong tailwind not forecast. On arrival, a straight-in
approach and immediate landing clearance is given. The landing mass will be
higher than planned and:
a. The approach path will be steeper
b. The landing distance required will be longer
c. The approach path will be steeper and threshold speed higher
42. Determine the Landing Mass for a single-engine aircraft. Standard Empty
Mass = 1764 lbs, Optional Equipment = 35 lbs, Pilot + Front Passenger = 300
lbs, Cargo = 350 lbs, Ramp Fuel = 60 Gal, Trip Fuel = 35 Gal, Fuel Density = 6
lbs/Gal
a. 2650 lbs
b. 2449 lbs
c. 2599 lbs
43. Max Take-off Mass = 48,000 kg, Max Landing Mass = 44,000 kg, Max Zero
Fuel Mass = 36,000 kg, Taxi Fuel = 600 kg, Contingency Fuel = 900 kg, Alternate
= 800 kg, Final Reserve = 1100 kg, Trip Fuel = 9,000 kg. Determine actual take-
off mass:
a. 47,800 kg
b. 48,000 kg
c. 48,400 kg
44. If aircraft is at a higher mass than anticipated, for a given airspeed the
angle of attack will:
a. Remain constant, drag will decrease and endurance will decrease
b. Remain constant, drag will increase and endurance will increase
c. Be greater, drag will increase and endurance will decrease
45. A flight is prepared with: DOM = 90,000 kg, Block Fuel = 30,000 kg, Taxi
Fuel = 800 kg, Max Take-off Mass = 145,000 kg. What is the available traffic
load?
a. 55,000 kg
b. 55,800 kg
c. 25,800 kg
46. DOM = 2,000 kg. Max take-off, landing, and ZFM all = 3,500 kg. Block Fuel =
550 kg, Taxi Fuel = 50 kg. What is the available payload?
a. 1,000 kg
b. 950 kg
c. 1,500 kg
47. Max fuel volume = 3,800 US Gallons. Fuel density = 0.79. What is the mass
of fuel that can be loaded?
a. 13,647 kg
b. 11,364 kg
c. 14,383 kg
48. DOM = 38,000 kg, Max Take-off = 72,000 kg, Max Landing = 65,000 kg, Max
ZFM = 61,000 kg, Fuel Burn = 8,000 kg, Take-off Fuel = 10,300 kg. The max
allowed take-off mass and payload are:
a. 73,000 kg and 27,000 kg
b. 71,300 kg and 23,000 kg
c. 71,300 kg and 25,300 kg
49. Structural limits: Ramp Mass = 69,900 kg, Take-off = 69,300 kg, Landing =
58,900 kg, ZFM = 52,740 kg. Performance limits: T/O = 67,450 kg, Landing =
55,470 kg. DOM = 34,900 kg, Trip Fuel = 6,200 kg, Taxi Fuel = 250 kg, Reserve +
Alternate = 2,400 kg. Max traffic load is:
a. 25,800 kg
b. 17,840 kg
c. 18,170 kg
50. Data: Performance T/O Mass = 93,500 kg, Expected Landing = 81,700 kg,
Max Certified Landing = 86,300 kg, Fuel on board = 16,500 kg. Due to diversion,
Fuel at landing = 10,300 kg. The landing mass:
a. Is 87,300 kg, risking structural damage
b. Is 83,200 kg, exceeding regulated landing mass
c. Must be reduced to 81,700 kg to avoid high-speed approach
51. Take-off mass = 302,550 kg, Fuel on board = 121,450 kg (including
reserves), DOM = 161,450 kg. What is the useful load?
a. 19,650 kg
b. 121,450 kg
c. 141,100 kg
52. Total mass = 7,500 kg, CG station = 80.5, Aft CG limit = 79.5. How much
cargo must be shifted from station 150 to station 30 to move CG to aft limit?
a. 62.5 kg
b. 68.9 kg
c. 73.5 kg
53. Empty Mass = 57,320 kg, DOM = 60,120 kg, Max ZFM = 72,100 kg. Which is
correct?
a. Operational items = 2,800 kg, max useful load = 14,780 kg
b. Operational items = 2,800 kg, max traffic load = 11,980 kg
c. Operational items = 2,800 kg, max traffic load = 14,780 kg
54. Block Fuel = 40,000 kg, Trip Fuel = 29,000 kg, Taxi Fuel = 800 kg. Max T/O =
170,000 kg, Max Landing = 148,500 kg, Max ZFM = 112,500 kg, DOM = 80,400
kg. Max traffic load is:
a. 32,100 kg
b. 32,900 kg
c. 18,900 kg
55. Zero Fuel Mass and Dry Operating Mass:
a. Differ by mass of usable fuel
b. Differ by traffic load
c. Are the same value
56. Given: Max T/O = 141,500 kg, Performance T/O = 137,300 kg, DOM =
59,400 kg, Crew + hand baggage = 640 kg, Crew baggage in hold = 110 kg, Fuel
= 60,700 kg. What is the useful load?
a. 17,450 kg
b. 78,900 kg
c. 78,150 kg
57. "Basic Empty Mass" includes the structure, systems, and equipment. It is:
a. Printed in loading manual and includes unusable fuel
b. From latest weighing schedule corrected for mods
c. Includes crew, baggage, ops items — in loading manifest
58. Aircraft Basic Empty Mass = 3,000 kg, Max take-off, landing, ZFM = 5,200
kg, Ramp Fuel = 650 kg, Taxi Fuel = 50 kg. Payload available is:
a. 1,600 kg
b. 1,550 kg
c. 2,200 kg
59. Dry Operating Mass is the aircraft mass ready for specific operation but
excludes:
a. Usable fuel and crew
b. Potable water and lavatory chemicals
c. Usable fuel and traffic load
60. For aircraft without central fuel tank, Max ZFM is related to:
a. Max structural take-off mass
b. Wing-loaded trip fuel
c. Bending moment at the wing root

61.If the details of an aircraft from M to N are given below. No fuel is

available at N.
 Distance M to N = 740 nm,
Average TAS = 380 kt,
Wind component M to N = 30 kt HW,
Average fuel flow = 57 kg/hr,
Fuel reserve (assume unused) = 500 kg,
Aircraft mass less fuel & traffic load = 52,000 kg,
Max take-off mass at M = 91,000 kg,
Max take-off mass at N = 88,000 kg,
Max landing mass at N = 77,500 kg,
Max landing mass at M = 75,000 kg.
Find:
(i) Max traffic load from M to N,
(ii) Max traffic load from N to M
a. (i) 14,573 kg (ii) 22,500 kg
b. (i) 14,503 kg (ii) 22,500 kg
c. (i) 14,573 kg (ii) 22,000 kg
62.PLTOM = 45,000 lbs,
PLLM = 40,000 lbs,
Flight fuel = 4,000 lbs,
Reserve fuel = 800 lbs,
DOM = 25,000 lbs.
Find:
(i) Traffic load
(ii) Can you carry additional reserve fuel without affecting traffic load, if
so, how much
a. (i) 14,200 lbs (ii) 1,000 lbs
b. (i) 15,200 lbs (ii) No
c. (i) 15,200 lbs (ii) 1,000 lbs
63.From P to Q (where fuel is not available) & return to P.
Max traffic load is to be offloaded at Q & max traffic load is to be uplifted
from Q.
Distance P to Q = 610 nm,
Mass without fuel & traffic load = 36,500 kg,
Max landing mass = 52,400 kg,
Max take-off mass = 63,000 kg,
Reserve fuel = 400 kg,
Additional fuel for each flight (T/O, circuit, landing) = 500 kg,
 Mean fuel consumption = 1,350 kg/hr,
Mean GS P to Q = 240 kt,
Mean GS Q to P = 280 kt
Find:
(i) Fuel to be lifted at P
(ii) Max traffic load P to Q
(iii) Max traffic load Q to P
a. (i) 10,372 kg (ii) 7,059 kg (iii) 11,900 kg
b. (i) 11,872 kg (ii) 7,459 kg (iii) 10,400 kg
c. (i) 11,372 kg (ii) 7,959 kg (iii) 10,900 kg
64.Max structural take-off mass = 80,000 lbs,
Max landing mass = 64,500 lbs,
Dry operating mass = 50,000 lbs,
Flight fuel = 6,000 kg,
Reserve fuel = 1,500 kg.
Find the traffic load that can be carried:
a. 13,000 lbs
b. 11,193 lbs
c. 22,500 lbs
65.An aircraft is to fly from A to B
Max structural take-off mass = 82,000 lbs,
Mass without fuel & traffic load = 50,000 lbs,
Fuel requirements:
a) For flight A to B = 16,000 lbs
b) Reserve fuel = 8,000 lbs
If aircraft lands at B after consuming 500 lbs of reserve fuel, what is the
max traffic load?
a. 6,000 lbs
b. 8,000 lbs
c. 6,500 lbs
66.Aircraft to fly A to B
Max permissible take-off mass = 82,000 lbs
Mass without fuel & traffic load = 50,000 lbs
Max permissible landing mass = 69,000 lbs
Fuel required:
a) For required = 16,000 lbs
 b) Reserve = 3,000 lbs
(i) What is the max traffic load?
(ii) Is it possible to carry additional reserve fuel without affecting traffic
load?
a. (i) 16,000 lbs (ii) Cannot carry
b. (i) 13,000 lbs (ii) Cannot carry
c. (i) 13,000 lbs (ii) 3,000 lbs
67.A flight is to be made from M to N and return to M, carrying max traffic
load each way.
Fuel not available at N.
Distance M to N = 80 nm,
Mean GS M to N = 70 kt,
Mean GS N to M = 110 kt,
Mean fuel consumption = 410 kg/hr,
Max take-off mass at M = 6,180 kg,
Max landing mass at N = 5,740 kg,
Max take-off mass at N = 5,800 kg,
Max landing mass at M = 5,460 kg,
Max zero fuel mass = 5,180 kg,
Aircraft mass without fuel and load = 4,400 kg,
Reserve fuel (assume unused) = 250 kg
Calculate:
(i) Max traffic load M to N
(ii) Max traffic load N to M
a. (i) 763 kg (ii) 780 kg
b. (i) 763 kg (ii) 530 kg
c. (i) 513 kg (ii) 530 kg
68.Max T/O mass = 51.00 t,
RTOM = 50.00 t,
Max landing mass = 44.20 t,
RLM = 43.20 t,
Max zero fuel mass = 45.10 t,
APS mass = 27.50 t,
Trip fuel = 4.2 t,
Reserve fuel = 1.00 t.
Find the traffic load that can be carried:
a. 17.6 t
 b. 17.3 t
c. 14.7 t
69.Max Take-off mass = 80,000 lbs,
Max landing mass = 60,000 lbs,
Dry operating mass = 48,000 lbs,
TAS = 200 kt,
Track = 350,
Wind = 350/20,
Distance = 1,350 nm,
Fuel consumption = 2,500 lbs/hr,
Reserve fuel = 3,500 lbs.
Find the traffic load that can be carried:
a. 9,750 lbs
b. 8,500 lbs
c. 15,409 lbs
70.Max structural T/O mass = 55,000 kg,
Max landing mass = 52,000 kg,
Max zero fuel mass = 38,000 kg,
DOM = 29,000 kg,
Fuel consumption = 1,600 kg/hr,
Distance = 1,500 nm,
Reserve fuel = 2,750 kg,
TAS = 260 kt,
Wind: headwind 20 kt halfway, then tailwind 60 kt.
(i) Max traffic load in still air
(ii) Max traffic load with winds
a. (i) 9,000 kg (ii) 9,000 kg
b. (i) 9,000 kg (ii) 8,000 kg
c. (i) 9,000 kg (ii) 10,000 kg