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Science 05.10.2024

The document outlines key biological differences, including the distinction between organs and organelles, with organs being tissue groups in organisms and organelles being specialized cell structures. It also compares xylem and phloem, highlighting their roles in water/mineral transport and nutrient transport, respectively. Additionally, it explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotes, while eukaryotes possess these features.

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11 views2 pages

Science 05.10.2024

The document outlines key biological differences, including the distinction between organs and organelles, with organs being tissue groups in organisms and organelles being specialized cell structures. It also compares xylem and phloem, highlighting their roles in water/mineral transport and nutrient transport, respectively. Additionally, it explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotes, while eukaryotes possess these features.

Uploaded by

sunesh029
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Difference between Organ and Organelle:

 Organ: An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform


a specific function in an organism. Examples include the heart,
lungs, and liver in animals, or leaves, stems, and roots in plants.
 Organelle: An organelle is a specialized structure within a cell that
performs a specific function. Examples include the nucleus,
mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Organelles are found within both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but in eukaryotes, they are
membrane-bound.

2. Difference between Xylem and Phloem:

 Xylem: Xylem tissue transports water and minerals from the roots to
the rest of the plant. It also provides structural support. Xylem is
mainly composed of dead cells at maturity.
 Phloem: Phloem tissue transports organic nutrients, particularly
sugar (produced during photosynthesis), from the leaves to other
parts of the plant. Phloem is made up of living cells.

3. Why Are Plants and Animals Made of Different Types of Tissue?

Plants and animals are made of different types of tissues because they have
different life processes and structures. For example:

 Plants: They are stationary and make their own food through
photosynthesis, so they need tissues like xylem and phloem for
nutrient transport and structural tissues like parenchyma,
collenchyma, and sclerenchyma for support.
 Animals: Animals are mobile and rely on consuming food for
energy, so they have specialized tissues like muscle for movement,
nervous tissue for coordination, and epithelial tissue for protection
and absorption.

4. Difference between Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell:

 Prokaryotic Cell:
o Lacks a true nucleus; DNA is free-floating in the cell.
o Lacks membrane-bound organelles.
o Generally smaller in size.
o Found in organisms like bacteria and archaea.
 Eukaryotic Cell:
o Has a true nucleus with DNA enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
o Contains membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
o Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
o Found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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