Understanding Biology (4th Edition) Mason

ww.yakibooki.com/download/understanding-biology-4th

This Book is Available on YakiBooki.com

 Understanding Biology (4th Edition) Mason

https://www.yakibooki.com/download/understanding-biology-4th-edition/

Understanding
Biology
Fourth Edition

Kenneth A. Mason
University of Iowa

Tod Duncan

Jonathan B. Losos
William H. Danforth Distinguished University Professor and Director,
Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University

This Book is Available on YakiBooki.com

 Understanding Biology (4th Edition) Mason

https://www.yakibooki.com/download/understanding-biology-4th-edition/

UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGY

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019. Copyright ©2024 by
McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior
written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or
transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside
the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 28 27 26 25 24 23

ISBN 978-1-266-10043-7
MHID 1-266-10043-1

Cover Image: Anna Veselova/Shutterstock

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of
the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does
not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill LLC does not guarantee the
accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered

This Book is Available on YakiBooki.com

 Understanding Biology (4th Edition) Mason

Brief Contents
Abouthttps://www.yakibooki.com/download/understanding-biology-4th-edition/
the Authors iv Part V The Diversity of Life 474
Changes to This Edition vi 22 Systematics and Phylogeny 474
23 Prokaryotes and Viruses 494
Acknowledgments viii
24 Protists 520
A Learning Path to Understanding Biology ix 25 Fungi 547
Contents xv 26 Plants 568
27 Animal Diversity 593
Part I The Molecular Basis of Life 1 28 Vertebrates 625

1 The Science of Biology 1

Part VI Plant Form and Function 655
2 The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water 21
3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life 40 29 Plant Form 655
30 Flowering Plant Reproduction 680
Part II Biology of the Cell 65 31 The Living Plant 705

4 Cell Structure 65
Part VII Animal Form and Function 735
5 Membranes 94
6 Energy and Metabolism 115 32 The Animal Body and How It Moves 735
7 How Cells Harvest Energy 131 33 The Nervous System 760
8 Photosynthesis 156 34 Fueling the Body’s Metabolism 789
9 Cell Communication 179 35 Maintaining Homeostasis 822
10 How Cells Divide 198 36 Reproduction and Development 861

Part III Genetics and Molecular Biology 221 Part VIII Ecology and Behavior 893
11 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis 221 37 Behavioral Biology 893
12 Patterns of Inheritance 236 38 Ecology of Individuals and Populations 919
13 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 256 39 Community Ecology and Ecosystem Dynamics 944
14 DNA: The Genetic Material 276 40 The Living World 979
15 Genes and How They Work 300
16 Control of Gene Expression 328 Appendix: Answer Key A-1
17 Biotechnology 354
Index I-1
18 Genomics 379

Part IV Evolution 404

19 Genes Within Populations 404
20 The Evidence for Evolution 429
21 The Origin of Species 452

iii

This Book is Available on YakiBooki.com

 Understanding Biology (4th Edition) Mason

https://www.yakibooki.com/download/understanding-biology-4th-edition/
A Conceptual Approach
In the decade leading up to 2019, there was a gradual increase in the importance of a variety of forms of
digital instruction. The use of online education was growing, and we lived through fads like the massive open
online course. While much commentary was devoted to a “revolution” in instruction, in fact, it was a relatively
slow evolutionary process. This was completely upended by the COVID pandemic. Institutions that had never
considered online instruction were forced to move partly or entirely online. This was followed by a roller coaster
ride of on again, off again, online and in-person instruction, and hybrid models using both modes of instruction.
McGraw Hill was ideally positioned to respond to this crisis with the best online tools available from any
publisher. This has allowed us to respond to the changing needs of faculty with a variety of tools, and of course,
high-quality textbooks. One unexpected result of all of this turmoil has been the increasing importance of the
actual textbook. As students were required to do more work on their own, the quality and accessibility of the
textbook proved to be critical. While the pandemic may have revealed the importance of a high-quality textbook,
the need will continue afterward. With the emergence of “active learning” in the majors biology classroom,
the responsibility of learning basic information has moved back to the student, giving instructors the time and
opportunity to increase critical thinking and higher-level learning in their courses.
Understanding Biology fits well into this ever-changing environment in two main ways. First, the book is the
result of a thorough analysis using a variety of sources to determine what is actually being taught in most majors
biology courses across the country. This allowed us to produce a book that goes against the trend of encyclopedic
textbooks yet still has all of the material, in the appropriate depth, required for a majors biology course. This helps to
reduce cost, and makes the text less intimidating for students.
The second way that Understanding Biology is ideal for the new landscape is that it was designed from the
beginning using our knowledge of how people learn. There is a strong emphasis on concepts over disconnected
facts, and an organization that provides the student with a clear path to success in learning difficult material. Each
chapter begins with a Learning Path that introduces the major concepts for the chapter. Then within each section,
larger concepts are broken down into more specific supporting concepts. Each of these secondary concepts
comes with a learning objective that tells students what they should be able to do after completing the section.
Each section has a brief review with a question to help students think about the concepts. This organization, and
more important, the content, allows us to focus on promoting student understanding. The end-of-chapter material
includes a review aligned with the organization of the chapter, and assessment based on a modified version of
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Understand, Apply, Synthesize questions.
The art program supports this approach with clear and accessible figures, and stepped-out figures where
appropriate. This includes Scientific Thinking figures that walk a student through how a problem can be solved
experimentally. We have also moved our “Connecting the Concepts” feature to become a tool for active learning
online, which seems to be a better environment to explore the relationships of chapter material to core concepts.
With this edition we have also added a Concept Overview feature. This opens the chapter with a simple figure
containing the main higher-level concepts of the chapter organized as the top levels of a flow diagram. The diagram
is then filled out at the end of the chapter with supporting conceptual statements. The Concept Overviews are
expansions of the Learning Path in a graphic presentation. They provide students with a conceptual overview of
the chapter, and then larger concepts are broken down into more specific supporting concepts. This is particularly
helpful in the second half of the book, where we have combined some topics that might not appear to be
connected, but in fact are related.
We’re excited about the fourth edition of this innovative text, which provides a clear learning path for
a new generation of students who have to deal with unprecedented challenges. The authors have extensive
experience teaching undergraduate biology, which has provided a guide in producing a text that is up to date and
beautifully illustrated and that incorporates a conceptual approach to learning. We have worked hard to provide
explicit learning outcomes clearly tied to each section of the book, which are used as a basis for developing the
assessments. We are also excited about the continually evolving digital environment that provides unique and
engaging learning tools for modern students. We continue to work to closely integrate the text with its media
support materials to provide instructors with an excellent complement to their teaching.

about the authors v

This Book is Available on YakiBooki.com

 Understanding Biology (4th Edition) Mason

Part IVhttps://www.yakibooki.com/download/understanding-biology-4th-edition/
Evolution Part VII Animal Form and Function
Chapter 19 The section on genetic variation in populations Chapter 32 The chapter was edited for clarity. The material on
was revised reflecting new information based bone structure and development was rewritten to
on widespread genomic investigation. Genomic improve student understanding.
variation in humans is now discussed in detail, Chapter 33 The description of sensory systems, including
quantifying the extent of variation that exists receptor types, was updated to make it more
and how that variation is apportioned within and consistent and to improve student understanding.
between populations. The material on the retina was edited extensively
for clarity, and one figure was added.
Chapter 34 The section on lung function was edited for clarity.
Part V The Diversity of Life
Information was added on how lung function is
Chapter 22 Information on roots of the eukaryotic tree was assessed. The cardiac cycle was edited for clarity
revised to reflect changes in the classification of and student understanding.
the protists. Chapter 35 The material on hormones was edited to provide
Chapter 23 The chapter was edited to reflect new information a better focus on structure–function relationships.
on the organization of prokaryotic cells, including The material on fluid balance was edited to
compartmentalization. The material on prokaryotic emphasize homeostatic mechanisms. The section
genetics was compressed, and the figures were on adaptive immunity was rewritten to include
edited. New material on SARS-CoV-2 was added, more history of vaccination and a more worldwide
including a figure showing the virus life cycle. perspective. Material on vaccination and how
Chapter 24 Many changes were made to the chapter to the immune system responds was added. This
improve clarity and readability. includes a discussion of vaccination and the
Chapter 25 The chapter was edited for clarity and readability. COVID pandemic.
Chapter 26 The chapter was edited for clarity and readability. Chapter 36 The material on nuclear reprogramming was
Chapter 27 The discussion of relationships at the base of the edited to provide a better historical perspective.
phylogeny for all animals was revised to reflect The material on cloning in mammals was edited to
new understanding and debate about relationships include more detail. The material on contraception
among sponges, ctenophores, and other animals. was edited for clarity.
Additional changes were made to reflect other
changes in understanding of phylogenetic
relationships among animal taxa, such as the Part VIII Ecology and Behavior
position of chaetognaths and relationships among Chapter 37 Several Review of Concept questions were
protostome taxa. Aspects of taxonomy and natural replaced to better assess student understanding.
history were updated in line with new findings. Chapter 38 Human population trends and other timely data
Chapter 28 The discussion of human evolution was revised in were updated to stay current. Also, a new section
light of new discoveries. (38.7) was added on pandemics and human health
that covers the general topic, but extensively
Part VI Plant Form and Function details the population biology of the COVID-19
pandemic.
Chapter 29 Minor edits were made throughout for readability,
Chapter 40 Data on biosphere impacts of humans were
clarity, and accuracy.
updated to stay current.
Chapter 30 The chapter was edited for clarity and readability.
Chapter 31 The chapter was edited throughout for clarity,
accuracy, and readability.

changes to this edition vii

This Book is Available on YakiBooki.com