Game Plan
Lecture Lab
Taxonomy DNA Fingerprinting
Identification and classification
of microbes Microbial Diversity- phage
Dichotomous keys infection
APO-4: Bergey’s Manual and dichotomous Microbial Diversity- survey
keys
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Lab Exam
Scientific names and meanings
Scientific binomial Source of Genus name Source of
Specific epithet
Klebsiella pneumoniae Honors Edwin Klebs The disease
Pfiesteria piscicida Honors Lois Pfiester Disease in fish
Salmonella typhimurium Honors Daniel Salmon Stupor (typh-) in mice
(muri-)
Streptococcus pyogenes Chains of cells (strepto-) Forms pus (pyo-)
Penicillium notatum Tuftlike (penicill-) Spores spread in wind
(nota)
Trypanosoma cruzi Corkscrew-like (trypano-, Honors Oswaldo Cruz
borer; soma-body)
Organisms within a genus share 93% similar rRNA
Organisms within a species share 97% similar rRNA
Hierarchy of classification
Figure 10.5 (2 of 3)
Species defined
Eukaryotic species:
A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves
Prokaryotic species:
A population of cells with similar characteristics
Clone: A population of cells derived from a single cell
Strain: A subgroup within a species with one or more
characteristics that distinguish it from other subgroups
in the species
Viruses:
A population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupy a
particular ecological niche
Species identification and classification
methods
General 1. Morphological characteristics
Additional tests
1. Differential staining
2. Biochemical tests- determine presence of enzymes
- Numerical identification
4. Genetic homology (similarity of DNA)
- Base composition
- DNA and RNA sequencing (16s rRNA gene)
- DNA hybridization
5. Protein and amino acid homology (similarity of proteins)
- Western blots
- Amino acid sequences
6. Immunological methods
- ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)
- Western blots
Numerical identification: the Enterotube
Figure 10.9 - Overview (1 of 3)
Species identification and classification
methods
General 1. Morphological characteristics
Additional tests
1. Differential staining
2. Biochemical tests- determine presence of enzymes
- Numerical identification
4. Genetic homology (similarity of DNA)
- Base composition
- DNA and RNA sequencing (16s rRNA gene)
- DNA hybridization
5. Protein and amino acid homology (similarity of proteins)
- Western blots
- Amino acid sequences
6. Immunological methods
- ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)
- Western blots
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
bbc.co.uk
Criteria for classifying/ identifying bacteria
Table 10.5
Classification and identification references
•• Bergey’s Manual of Determinative •Morphology, differential staining,
Bacteriology biochemical tests
•Provides identification schemes for
identifying bacteria and archaea
•• Bergey’s Manual of Systematic •Based on rRNA sequencing
Bacteriology
•Provides phylogenetic information on
bacteria and archaea
•• Approved Lists of Bacterial Names •Based on published articles
•Lists species of known prokaryotes
Tools of identification:
the dichotomous key
Figure 10.8
Tools of identification:
the dichotomous key
