FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Certificate in Craft Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment requirements for the Certificate in Craft Electrical and
Electronic Engineering

AUTOMATIC TOUCHLESS DUSTBIN

BY:

ABDULILAHI HAMISI ABEID

INDEX NO:

ADM NO: 659

SUPERVISOR NAME:

DATE SUBMITTED:

SIGNATURE:
DECLARATION

I Abdulilahi Hamisi Abeid, officially declare that the work I have done is due to my personal efforts and

has never been submitted to Kenya National Examination Council for academic purpose towards any

qualification. However this project of coming up with an Automatic Touch less Dustbin, represent my

own opinion and not Ahmed Shahame Mwidani Technical Training Institute. This is because I have

personally carried out a research, find the problem and came up with the solution of solving that

problem facing the people with the outbreak of Corona virus (Covid 19) in the society.

…………………………………….. ……………………………………….

Signed Date
ABSTRACT

Dustbin is a container for temporary trash or garbage which may be kept inside or outside the house.

The current dustbins are operating manually whereby you use your hand to open and close when
disposing wastes. This makes the work appear tiresome and cumbersome. As a result of this I decided to
come up with an improved type of a dustbin known as an automatic touchless dustbin. The touchless
dustbin will solve problems such as; prevention of the current epidermis Corona Virus (covid 19)
outbreak, environment conservation, not using effort when disposing wastes and also minimizing the
use of electricity.

This type of a dustbin will operate under the principle; when an occupant is closer to it, the sensor
detect and automatically open for him/her to put garbage’s inside the dustbin and automatically close.

It will also measure the quantity of the garbage, whenever the dustbin is full, it will automatically display
on an LCD and send a message to Municipal Corporation to come and pick up the dustbin.

It will also say “Thanks for disposing the waste and making the environment clean”, so that it can attract
more users.

The Automatic Touch less Dustbin will solar powered for it to operate, thus it shall minimize the use of
electricity and it will be efficient to places where there is no electricity.

Last but not least, it is going to be less expensive and low maintenance cost that the local people in
society can afford.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I would like to take this opportunity to humbly thank the Almighty God for enabling to carry
out a research peacefully.

Secondly I would like to utilize this moment to thank my principal Mr. King’oina for allowing me to
access the internet and the computers of the institution for the success of my project. Finally, I take this
opportunity to thank my lecturer in Electrical and electronic Department Mr. Muema for giving me
proper guidance through my project work.
LIST OF ACRONYMS

WIFI-Wireless Fidelity

LCD-Liquid Crystal Display

ATD-Automatic Touchless Dustbin

MSP-Monocrystalline Solar Panel

LIST OF TABLES

The project time schedule

The table of costing of the project

 CHAPTER ONE

1 INTRODUCTION

• Introduction

After having carried out research concerning the problems due to Corona Virus (C0vid 19) facing the
people in the society last year 2020, I found that people spread this Virus from one person to another
faster by touching items, i.e. when an infected person disposes waste to a dustbin he/she will spread the
virus to un infected colleague by touching the dustbin and not sanitizing his/her hand.

I discovered that some people in the society are ignorant when disposing waste, so I came up with this
type of dustbin which will be effortless while disposing waste inside the dustbin. It will automatically
open and close after detecting an occupant.

This type of dustbin will also conserve the environment this is because it will be affordable and less
maintenance so that government, schools, homes and hospitals can purchase many as to keep the
environment clean.

In addition, this type of dustbin will not use electricity for it to operate; it will use solar power. The
reason behind this is that it will minimize the use of electricity and serve in areas where there is no
electricity.

Lastly but not least, this type of dustbin will measure the quantity of waste such that once filled it will
display on an LCD and send message to Municipal Corporation to come and pick up the dustbin.
1.2.1 Objectives

• Overall Objective

To design and construct an automatic touch less dustbin.

1.2.2 Specific objectives

• To carry out literature review on an automatic touchless dustbin.

• To design an automatic touch less dustbin.

• To construct an automatic touch less dustbin.

• To test the constructed automatic touch less dustbin.

• To validate the constructed automatic touch less dustbin.

1.3 Problem statement

In the society many people have succumbed due to the covid19 pandemic whereby the Virus spread
faster due to ignorance of the people. Many people have lost their jobs and even the economy of the
country has recently goes down. With this type of dustbin it shall minimize the spread of Covid 19
whereby there will be no need of touching the dustbin when deposing the waste. It shall automatically
open and close after disposing the waste. It shall also provide job opportunity whereby the company
manufacturing the type of dustbin shall offer employment.

However in areas where there is no electricity, this type of dustbin shall serve without using electricity,
whereby it shall use Solar Power for it to operate.

Finally, our environment is totally unclean people dispose waste anyhow. So in this type of dustbin it
shall conserve the environment by keeping cities clean, it will be affordable and less maintenance.

• Assumption and Limitations

1.4.1 Assumptions

• This type of dustbin cannot work during raining season.

• The space which can hold is 1tonne of the garbage not beyond that.

• It should not be expose to water it can easily get damage.

• It must be access with WIFI for it to send message to Municipal Corporation to come and pick up
the dustbin.

• It should not be expose to flammable materials it can easily get damage.

 • Scope

This project is limited in areas that experiences cold and rainy season throughout the year hence it is
suitable in areas that experiences dry seasons such as Coast province, Garissa and Ukambani.

• Justification

The designing and introducing of an Automatic Touch less Dustbin in the society is the best way for
solving problems such as the spread of Corona Virus, conserving the environment and not using
effort when disposing waste. This is due to the fact that it does not require manpower for it to
operate. It will be also be advantageous to minimize the spread of Corona Virus in the society.
Another advantage it will also be used in areas where there is no electricity. Due these advantages it
is very crucial to implement this project for the betterment of lives of people in the society.

• Expected Results

The type of dustbin it uses one Dc motor that utilizes solar energy to operate.

My major aim of this type of dustbin is to serve government institutions, schools, offices and homes.

The user will not experience any disturbance of failure of the dustbin while using because it will
have a fault detecting sensor that will detect and indicate the fault within itself. Hence this type of
dustbin will be very helpful to the society.

CHAPTER TWO
• LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter reviews the researches on an automatic touchless dustbin that were previously carried out
by professional engineers in the field of electrical engineering from different parts of the world.
Different techniques were used by these engineers or researchers on how to design, construct and how
its connection system works. This section reviews on researches on some of the projects on automatic
touchless dustbin that were carried out by the previous researchers. However, this chapter also
addresses on the invention of a dustbin and also its improvements from manual up to new model being
automatic touchless dustbin.

2.2 TOUCH LESS TRASH CAN

AUG 19th 2020 Frank Yang the CEO of the Simplehuman realized that the role that touch less trash can
could play in keeping families and frontline workers safe. Yang said everyone loves conveniences and
less effort to get more done. Stepping on a pedal to open the can lid is not as effortless as saying “open
can” and having our voice sensor to open a lid for you to toss trash from six feet away. The lid can also
reacts to a “stay open” command to keep the lid open for longer chores all without touching.

The challenged that he faced is, their supply chain could not have anticipated this level of interest and
demand for their products, hence their inventory was depleted.
2.3 SMART DUSTBIN

AUG 23rd 2019 Mohammad Hassan a 12year old class 8 student from Hyderabad developed a smart
dustbin after getting inspires by the Swacch Bharat Mission Programme. The dustbin works under,
whenever the dustbin gets filled the display outside will show and when the dustbin gets totally filled up
then it will send a message to the municipal corporation to come and pick up the dustbin. The dustbin
has a WIF-FI module, ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, LCD sensor and a buzzer.

The ultrasonic sensors measure the amount of garbage, LCD display the quantity to the owner. WI-FI
module come into use when the dustbin is full and a message needs to be sent to the municipal
corporation.
2.4 SMART TRASHCAN

APR 15th 2015 Green Creative founders, Lucile Noury and Remi Gomez they observed that waste
sorting in public places was often complex and under-optimized and took simple fact as their
starting point.

They came up with B3D3 trashcan that compacts and sorts bottles can and caps.

It works under; it automatically simplifies the task for users and avoids mistakes. R3D3 sorts and
compacts the waste, once full the smart bin sends an alert message to let cleaning companies know
they must come and empty the trashcan. Recycling is then fully significant to users and is not
perceived as constraint anymore. The R3D3 trashcan fits any environment while remaining easily
recognizable.

2.5 PEDAL DUSTBIN

In 1920, Lillian Moller Gilbreth an industrial engineer and efficiency expert invented the pedal bin for
disposal of kitchen waste. She came with this project to make housework easier for people with
disabilities.
It works under; when the user steps on the pedal the lid opens without touching it with your hands
and you toss the trash or garbage. It very helpful to disable people up to date.

2.6 HYGIENIC CARS

In 1897, a company called Wessel ET Company proposed a sanitary automotive vehicle designed to
remove household waste and garbage.

This automotive vehicle designed, passes on each house to pick and collect garbage’s or wastes
which was very helpful to people in those days. It was free of charge, no charges were charged on
each house. It kept the environment clean because no one was allowed to dispose wastes or
garbage’s anyhow.
2.7 GARBAGE BAG

In 1893, Gustav Adolf Scholsky invented a device for containing and transporting waste, a kind of a
garbage bag ahead of its time.

The purpose of the invention is to transport waste by means of bags, which during the time that
were full, are held in special cages or frames and are then loaded onto the transportation carriages
after having been removed from the frame.

2.8 CLOSED COINTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE

In 1883, Eugene Poubelle invented a closed container for daily disposal of waste. The purpose of his
invention was people who passed through towns and villages buying worn-out objects and selling
them to businesses that would repossess them, were among to rise up against Poubelle’s decree.
After all, it meant a loss to their livelihood, despite having contributed to urban cleanliness for so
long. So the establishment of the “Poubelle Law” was introduce in Paris. The law demanded the use
of closed containers for daily disposal of waste.
2.9 Summary of literature survey

The projects presented by all researchers above are very crucial to the people in the society. They
did a tremendous work with an aim of improving dustbins to the people within the society. Different
design techniques have been utilized with the purpose of coming up with the most advanced
dustbins. Although their system of designing differs, there are three things that are common to
these researchers such as the use of WI-FI module, voice recognition and plastic containers.

One of this researchers being Mohammad Hassan introduce a smart dustbin that had interface with
Wi-Fi module that sends message to Municipal Corporation to come and pick up the dustbin
whenever it’ s full.

All these researchers did very good work but they did not put on consideration on the WI-FI module
that may be costly in the upcoming days.

According to my project work (Abdulilahi Hamisi Abeid), ''An Automatic touchless dustbin’’
presented in this year 2021, is aiming at improving on the system used to design the smart dustbin.
That the type of a dustbin that I’m going to design is going to have a Bluetooth device which will
send message to Municipal Corporation to come and pick up the dustbin whenever it’s full. This will
reduce the use of WI-FI module to send message to Municipal Corporation to come and pick up the
dustbin whenever it’s full.

It will also use a solar panel which converts energy from the sun to electrical energy, whereby the
solar panel is connected to the charge controller and connected to the battery. This type of dustbin
can hold 1 tonne of garbage’s and not beyond that. It will also have a LCD which displays the
quantity to the owners. This type of dustbin is very important to be implemented since it is going to
make work easier to the people within the society.
 CHAPTER THREE

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter comprises of three main sections which include; designing, constructions and testing.
However this chapter also put across on the components to be utilized during constructions and their
functions. It also has the block and layout circuit diagrams of the dustbin.

In addition, the following supplementary issues will also be illustrated which includes; project costing,
project time management, references and appendices.

3.2.0 Design

3.2.1 Introduction

Design is the creation of a plan or convection for the construction of an object, system or measurable
human interaction of the aesthetic, functional, economic and socio-political dimensions of both the
design prototype and design process. It involves considerable research, thought, modeling interactive
adjustment and re-design.

3.2.2 Design consideration of an automatic touchless dustbin.

There are various design considerations with well detailed discussion that were involved in designing
and construction of an automatic touchless dustbin. In this discussion there are also different control
system and sensor interface software that were used with an aim of making it easy in the society. This
include the following.

Interface of an automatic touchless dustbin

This is the most basic and essential requirement. It is the main communication protocol that is used for
sending and receiving signals between the appliances and overall system in the circuit of the dustbin.
The selection of an interface in designing and construction of an automatic touchless dustbin depends
on the system, the maximum weight to carry the garbages or waste.

The sensing device in an automatic touchless dustbin

Determination of the sensing requirements is a very crucial aspect to put on consideration. The decision
upon required sensor to perform the specified instruction, asses of sensor specification is very important
in when designing an automatic touchless dustbin. Examples of these sensors that I have put on
consideration in this project are; the fault detecting sensor and passive IR sensor. The fault sensor is
connected into the circuit that plays a role of detecting any fault existing between the dustbin and
monitoring operation of the dustbin. Examples of faults are burning of the motor windings and
disconnection and loose connection within the circuit. The passive IR sensor it detects the motion of an
occupant coming to dispose waste inside the dustbin.
Topology of an automatic touchless dustbin

It put across the way control units within the dustbin interact with each other. The star topology is the
most commonly used simply because it make use of a central control unit (CCU) interacting with other
remote control unit (RCU) and taking decision making responsibilities. The work of RCUs is to send the
data fetched from sensor back to the CCU. Another type of topology that I have put on consideration in
my project is a mesh topology, which does not have a central control unit and constellation of control
units almost equal intelligence and capability connected to each other. Each unit sends the information
on the network which is shared by all the units. Each unit is independent and makes its own decision
according to shared information. Therefore the choice of topology in designing and construction of the
most advanced automatic touchless dustbin.

Cost;

This is the most crucial aspect of system design to put on consideration before design any type of a
machine or equipment. In designing automatic touchless dustbin this aspect of cost has a great
significance because this project is aiming at helping the society by coming up with the most advanced
dustbin which is cost effective to them. Costly system can discourage the society from purchasing the
dustbin. The cost of the design system goes hand in hand with the number of component, Interface
used, complexity of design firmware and hardware. There should be no argument on the quality
hardware and software, the number of the components can be reduced to decrease the overall cost and
size as well.

3.3.0 Understanding Circuit Components

Components:

 A 24V Dc Solar module: A solar module is a single type photovoltaic panel that is an assembly of
connected solar cells. The solar cells absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate
electricity.
 A charge Controller: This is a device that manages the power going into the battery back from
the solar array. It ensures that the deep cycle batteries are not overcharged during the day and
power does not run backward to the solar panels overnight and drain the battery.
 A 24V Lead-acid battery: This is the battery which uses sponge lead and peroxide for the
conversion of the chemical energy into electrical power. Its main function is to harvest and store
electrical energy from the solar panel.
 Wi-Fi Module: Is a self-contained SOC integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any
microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network.
 Passive IR Sensor: are used to detect motion of human body.
 Voice Sensor: it is a computer software program or hardware device with the ability to decode
the human voice.
 Liquid-crystal display (LCD): is a flat-panel display that uses light-modulating properties of liquid
crystals combined with polarizers.
 Ultrasonic sensor: is an electronic device that measures the quantity/distance of target object
by emitting ultrasonic sound waves and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal.
 Fault detection sensor: it is an electrical device which plays the role of detecting faults occurring
within the dustbin.
 Arduino Uno: is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software.

3.3 Circuit diagram of a fault detecting device and its principle operation

Circuit Diagram of a Fault Detecting device

3.3.4 Principle operation of a fault detector

The fault detecting device consist of current sensor, voltage sensor, signal condition and digital
signal processor. This device monitor the voltage and current circulation in the whole circuit hence
monitoring the functionality of all components within the circuit of the dustbin.

Current sensor and voltage sensor are responsible for sensing the required amount of the voltage
and the current when the circuit is on. The two works together with the signal conditioning which is
connected with an alarm, this raises an alarm when electrical fault has been detected and also
indicate where the fault originated in screen.

This device also detects the worn out contacts in electrical equipment, damage of insulation, break
in cable and loose connection that causes the electrical current to jump the gap between two
conductive materials which leads to electrical fault.
3.3.5 Circuit diagram of an alarm of a fault detecting device

3.4.0 Circuit diagram of Passive IR sensor and its principle operation

Circuit diagram of Passive IR sensor

3.4.1Principle operation of Passive IR sensor

A PIR sensor can detect changes in the amount of infrared radiation impinging upon it, which varies
depending on the temperature and surface characteristics of the objects in front of the sensor. When an
object, such as a person, passes in front of the background, such as a wall, the temperature at the point
in the sensor’s field of view will rise from room temperature to body temperature and then back again.

The sensor converts the resulting change in the incoming infrared radiation into a change in the output
voltage and this triggers the detection.

3.4.2 Circuit diagram and principle operation of LCD

Circuit diagram of a LCD

3.4.3 Principle operation of a LCD

The principle behind the LCD is that when an electrical current is applied to the liquid crystal molecule,
the molecule tends to untwist. This causes the angle of light which is passing through the molecule of
the polarized glass and also causes a change in the angle of the top polarizing filter. As a result, a little
light is allowed to pass the polarized area of the LCD.

When there is no current, the light passes through the front of the LCD it will be reflected by the mirror
and bounced back. As the electrode is connected to a battery the current from it will cause the liquid
crystals between the common-plane electrode and the electrode shaped like rectangle to untwist. Thus
the light is blocked from passing through. That particular rectangular area appears blank.

3.4.4 Circuit diagram and principle operation of an Arduino Uno

Circuit diagram of Arduino Uno

3.4.5 Principle operation of Arduino Uno

Arduino boards are able to read inputs-light on a sensor, a finger on a button, a twitter message and
turn it into an output activating motor, turning on an LED, and publishing something online. You can tell
your board what to do by sending a set of instruction to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you
can use the Arduino programming language (based on wiring) and the Arduino Software (IDE) based on
processing.
3.5.0 Circuit diagram and principle operation of ultrasonic sensor

Circuit diagram of Ultrasonic sensor

3.5.1 Principle operation of Ultrasonic sensor

Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses at regular intervals. This propagate in the air
at the velocity of sound. If they strike an object, then they are reflected back as the echo signal to the
signals to the sensor, which itself computes the distance to the target based on the time-span between
emitting the signal and receiving the echo.
3.5.2 Circuit diagram and principle operation of a voice sensor

Circuit diagram of a voice sensor

3.5.3 Principle operation of a Voice sensor

The voice recognition involves the fact that speech or words spoken by any human being cause vibration
in air, known as sound waves. These continuous or analog wave are digitized and processed and the
decoded to appropriate words and then appropriate sentences.
3.5.4 Circuit diagram and working principle of WIFI module

Circuit diagram of WI-FI module

3.5.5 Principle operation of a WIFI module

WI-FI is a high speed internet connection and network connection without the use of any cables or
wires. The wireless network is operating three essential elements that are radio signals, antenna and
router. The radio wave are keys that make WI-FI networking possible. The computers and cell phones
are ready with WI-FI cards. WI-FI compatibility has been using a new creation to constitute within the
ground connected with community network.

WI-FI compatibility can make surf with stare to the company using their inspiring cable television much a
smaller amount force down. The radio signals are transmitted from antennas and routers that signals
are picked up by WI-FI receivers, such as computers and cell phones that are ready with the WI-FI cards.
Whenever the computer receives the signals within the range of 100-150 feet for the router it connects
the device immediately.
3.6.0 Circuit diagram and principle operation of solar charge controller

Circuit diagram of a solar charge controller

3.6.1 Principle operation of a solar charge controller

The most essential charge controller basically controls the device voltage and opens the circuit, halting
the charging, when the battery voltage ascents to a certain level. More charge controllers utilized a
mechanical relay to open or shut the circuit, halting or beginning power heading off to the electric
storage devices.

The solar charge controllers can also control reverse power flow. The charge controllers can distinguish
when no power is originating from the solar panels and open the circuit separating the solar panels from
the battery devices and halting the reverse current flow.
3.6.2 Circuit diagram and principle operation of Lead acid battery

Circuit diagram of a Lead acid battery

3.6.3 Principle operation of Lead acid battery

A lead acid battery consist of a negative electrode made of spongy or porous lead. The lead is porous to
facilitate the formation and dissolution of lead. The positive electrode consist of lead peroxide. Both
electrodes are immersed in electrolytic solution of sulfuric acid and water. In case the electrodes come
into contact with each other through physical movement of the battery or through changes in thickness
of the electrodes, an electrically insulating, but chemically permeable membrane separates the two
electrodes. This membrane also prevents electrical shorting through the electrolyte. Lead acid batteries
store energy by the reversible chemical reaction.

Discharging a battery causes the formation of lead sulfate crystals at both the negative and positive
terminals, as well as release of electrons due to the charge in the valence charge of the lead. The
formation of this lead sulfate uses sulfate from the sulphuric acid electrolyte surrounding the battery. As
result the electrolyte becomes less concentrated.
3.6.4 The diagram of the Automatic Touchless Dustbin

3.6.5 Block diagram of an Automatic Touchless Dustbin

3.7.0 Construction

3.7.1 Introduction

This project is a demonstration on how to construct an intelligent Automatic Touchless Dustbin that help
the society to overcome the disease (Covid 19). The Automatic Touchless Dustbin does not need
mechanical energy from human being for it to open. It has sensors which detect the occupant
wherenever he/she is closer to it. It has a fault sensor connected with an alarm for alerting an occupant
when any fault occurs within it circuit.
3.7.2 Component procurement

The design of the circuit needs the use of locally available electrical component that can easily be
procured at an affordable price.

3.7.3 Soldering and termination in the whole circuit

The termination and soldering were used during the construction and assembling process of all electrical
components.
3.7.4 Identifying the functional parts of an Automatic Touchless Dustbin

After the completion of the circuits and hardware coupling, several tests were conducted and the
observation were as follows:

Confusion between the two sensors. This is because they had had the same tune which was quiet
confusing. This problem was solved by changing the tune of fault sensor and makes it different to the IR
passive sensor.

3.7.5 Testing

3.8.0 Introduction

This includes confirming the functionality of the prototype once subjected to the designed program.
That is to be able to respond to the command save and produce the needed output such as detecting an
occupant by IR passive sensor.
3.8.1 Functional test measurements and results obtained

3.8.2 Introduction

This consist of the following:

 The software simulation

 The circuit diagram and its operation

3.8.3 Software simulation, circuit diagram and its operation results

The implementation of the circuit was accomplished using Proteus software in which the simulation
result were very successful.
Complete Circuit Operation results

The whole circuit tested and proved to be okay. All the components were working as per the design
expectations.
 CHAPTER FOUR

3.8.4 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION, LESSON LEARNED AND

FUTURE SCOPE

3.8.5 Challenges encountered

There are several challenges that I encountered in this project.

These include the following:

1. Inadequate time for carrying out the research concerning this project. This is because during this
time I supposed to attend all the classes and set time for personal studies, it was quiet stressful
but through the grace of Almighty I managed to overcome this challenge.
2. Lack of computer for typing the findings after carrying out the research.
3. Lack of adequate resources to study the project and how it can be improved.
4. Lack of capital for purchasing the internet data bundles.
5. The existence of Corona virus in Kenya. Due to the fact that I used to conduct my project
research in the school, COVID 19 caused interference which force me to stop conducting my
project research.

3.8.6 Conclusions and Recommendations

After having been conducting the research concerning this project, I hereby conclude that that the
process of developing this innovative Automatic Touchless Dustbin was successfully carried out. The
hardware implementation and its operation is functioning accordingly and smoothly following the
procedures used in designation of the circuit of this dustbin.

A well organized and successfully modification was carried out to enhance the improvement based
on the reliability and functional accuracy.

From this project my recommendation are as follows:

I. The institution through the engineering departments should fund this project in order to
ease students’ research work.
II. The student should be provided with a time schedule for the whole project work at the
beginning.
III. The engineering department of this institution (Ahmed Shahame Mwidani T.T.I) , school
administration in collaboration with the project supervisor (MR. Muema) should provide a
standardized project writing template for both the proposal 40% presentation and final
project 60% presentation.
3.8.7 Future Scope

Due to the ongoing improvement in the field of electrical engineering technology, there are several
improvements that can be made such as designing and contrast a dustbin containing a Bluetooth device
which shall send message to Municipal Corporation to come and pick up the dustbin whenever it’s full.
This will minimize the use of WIFI device which may be costly in the coming days.

3.8.8 Lesson Learned

Through the research that I personal carried out in this project, I learnt that the more you conduct a
research the more you gain knowledge. I also learnt that the technology keeps improving every day
hence making electrical engineering to be very essential in the society by helping people to solve
different problems and enhance improvement in their lives. I also learnt that there is a very stiff
competition of creativity and innovation in the field of electrical and electronic engineering.
3.8.9 Project Time Schedule

ACTIVITY TIME FOR THE ACTIVITIES TO CARRIED OUT

Project March April May June July August

research

Proposal
presentation

Project
design

Final and
report
writing

Final
project
presentation
3.9.0 Costing of the project

COMPONENT QUANTITY AMOUNT TOTAL

A 24V Solar module 1 Ksh.8000 Ksh.8000

A Lead-acid battery 24v 1 Ksh.6500 Ksh.6500

Charge Controller 1 Ksh.700 Ksh.700

Connection Cables Ksh.2500 Ksh.2500

Arduino Uno device 1 Ksh.900 Ksh.900

Ultrasonic Sensor 1 Ksh.300 Ksh.300

Passive IR Sensor 1 Ksh.700 Ksh.700

Fault detecting sensor 1 Ksh.1000 Ksh.1000

WIFI Module 1 Ksh.1800 Ksh.1800

LCD 1 Ksh.450 Ksh.450

Voice Sensor 1 Ksh3850 Ksh3850

Voltage regulator 1 Ksh.730 Ksh.730

Total Ksh.27430
REFERENCES
APPENDICES

APPENDIX A1: Specification of Solar module

Solar panel: 36cells

Module type: 80W36

Peak power output (P max, watt) = 80

Current at peak power output (I max, watt) =4.71

Voltage at peak power output (V max, volt) = 17.0

Short Circuit Current (ISC, Amp) =5.18

Dimension (in mm) = 365*665*33

APPENDIX A2: Voltage and Current Characteristics of a Solar Module