Project

“Watering plants automatically”

Created by:
1. Rizka Aulia Ibrahim Putri
2. Saddam Fikla Ghazali

Class: 3ISA3

Faculty: Mr.Listyo Prabowo, S.T., M.T.

Continuing Education Program

Center for Computing and Information Technology Faculty of Engineering,
University of Indonesia
2024
 PROJECT ON
Smart Irrigation System
Group : 12
Name :
1. Rizka Aulia Ibrahim Putri
2. Saddam Fikla Ghazali
Watering plants automatically
Batch Code : 3ISA3
Start Date : 23 Desember 2024
End Date : 6 January 2025
Name of Faculty : Mr.Listyo Prabowo S.T., M.T.

Name of Developer :

1. Rizka Aulia Ibrahim Putri

2. Saddam Fikla Ghazali
 CERTIFICATE

This report is titled "Automatic Plant Watering System" which is the original work of Rizka
Aulia Ibrahim Putri and Saddam Fikla Ghazali. This project is carried out as part of the
fulfillment of the subject requirements in Niit.

Coordinator:
Mr.Listyo Prabowo, S.T., M.T.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 Praise thanks to the presence of God Almighty, who has given His gifts so that
this paper can be completed on time. We also thank all those who have helped in the
process of completing this paper, especially to Mr. Listyo Prabowo S.T., M.T. as a lecturer
in courses. Thus, the paper entitled "This Automatic Plant Watering System" can be
completed.

The author realizes that this paper still has shortcomings. Therefore, the authors
expect readers to provide constructive criticism and suggestions for the improvement of the
writing of further papers.

This plant watering system automatically makes it easy for many parties and
increases efficiency in the work environment.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
System Summary:
The Smart Garden system is designed to automate plant watering using advanced sensor
technologies and IoT (Internet of Things). This system integrates multiple devices, including
soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, light sensors, and water pumps, to monitor and
maintain optimal plant conditions. The goal of the system is to:

1. Minimize manual intervention in watering plants.

2. Increase the efficiency of water usage.
3. Ensure plants receive the right amount of water at the right time.

The devices in this system operate collectively to gather real-time data, process it, and execute
actions (e.g., turning on a water pump or LEDs) based on predefined thresholds. This process
ensures a sustainable and automated approach to plant care without requiring constant human
supervision.

System Package:
1. Hardware Components:
o Soil Moisture Sensor: Measures soil water content.
o Temperature Sensor (DHT11): Captures temperature and humidity data.
o Light Sensor: Monitors light intensity in the environment.
o Servo Motor: Controls the water pump.
o LEDs: Indicate environmental and soil conditions.
o LCD Display: Displays real-time sensor readings.
2. Software Components:
o Arduino IDE: Used for programming the microcontroller.
o Logic and algorithms for:
 Sensor data collection.
 Threshold-based decision-making.
 Controlling devices like the servo motor and LEDs.
3. Networking Components:
 o If expanded, the system could integrate an IoT platform (e.g., ThingSpeak or
Blynk) for remote monitoring and control.
4. User Interface:
o LCD Display: Provides real-time feedback on soil moisture, temperature, and
light conditions.
o Optional IoT Dashboard: For remote monitoring and control.

SYSTEM ANALISYS
 5. Power Supply:
o Power Source: Battery or direct power supply.
o Voltage Regulator: Ensures stable power to all components.
6. Security:
o In its current version, security considerations include:
 Ensuring stable and error-free operation of the hardware.
 Avoiding false triggers or inaccurate sensor readings.
o Future IoT integration will require secure data transmission protocols (e.g.,
HTTPS, MQTT with encryption).
Key Features:
1. Automation:
o Automatically waters plants when soil moisture is below the defined threshold.
o Reduces human intervention by automating routine tasks.
2. Real-Time Monitoring:
o Displays current soil, light, and temperature conditions on an LCD.
o Uses LED indicators to quickly identify environmental statuses (e.g., dry soil,
darkness).
3. Energy Efficiency:
o Optimized power usage by only activating the servo motor and LEDs when
necessary.
4. Expandability:
o The system can be enhanced with IoT capabilities for remote monitoring and
advanced data analytics.

FLOWCHART
CONDITION TABLE
CIRCUIT MODULE
SCHEMATIC SYSTEM
SCRIPT
#include <Servo.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

// Definisi pin

int yellow = 10; // LED kuning

int red = 8; // LED merah

int green = 12; // LED hijau

int blue = 13; // LED biru (indikator gelap)

int p = A2; // Pin untuk sensor cahaya

int TEMP = 0; // Variabel untuk menyimpan suhu

Servo ser; // Objek servo motor

// Inisialisasi LCD (alamat I2C = 0x20)

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x20, 16, 2);

void setup() {

// Inisialisasi serial monitor untuk debugging

Serial.begin(9600);

// Inisialisasi LCD

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Smart Garden");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();
// Inisialisasi pin untuk LED dan sensor

pinMode(red, OUTPUT);

pinMode(green, OUTPUT);

pinMode(yellow, OUTPUT);

pinMode(blue, OUTPUT); // LED biru

pinMode(p, INPUT); // Sensor cahaya

pinMode(A1, INPUT); // Sensor kelembapan tanah

ser.attach(5); // Servo pada pin 5

void loop() {

// Membaca nilai kelembapan tanah

int moistureValue = analogRead(A1);

Serial.print("Moisture Value: ");

Serial.println(moistureValue);

// Menentukan kondisi tanah dan menampilkan di LCD (Baris 1)

lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // Baris pertama

if (moistureValue < 400) { // Tanah gersang (High)

lcd.print("Moisture: HIGH "); // Menampilkan "High"

digitalWrite(red, HIGH);

digitalWrite(yellow, LOW);

digitalWrite(green, LOW);

// Servo hanya bergerak jika tanah gersang

ser.write(90); // Gerakkan servo untuk menghidupkan pompa

} else if (moistureValue >= 400 && moistureValue <= 700) { // Tanah sedang (Mid)
 lcd.print("Moisture: MID "); // Menampilkan "Mid"

digitalWrite(yellow, HIGH);

digitalWrite(red, LOW);

digitalWrite(green, LOW);

ser.write(0); // Matikan pompa

} else if (moistureValue > 700) { // Tanah lembab (Great)

lcd.print("Moisture: GREAT"); // Menampilkan "Great"

digitalWrite(green, HIGH);

digitalWrite(red, LOW);

digitalWrite(yellow, LOW);

ser.write(0); // Matikan pompa

// Membaca nilai sensor cahaya

int lightValue = analogRead(p);

Serial.print("Light Value: ");

Serial.println(lightValue);

// Menentukan kondisi cahaya dan kontrol LED biru

lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Baris kedua

if (lightValue < 500) { // Kondisi gelap

lcd.print("Cahaya: Gelap ");

digitalWrite(blue, HIGH); // LED biru menyala

Serial.println("LED Biru: ON");

} else { // Kondisi terang

lcd.print("Cahaya: Terang");

digitalWrite(blue, LOW); // LED biru mati

Serial.println("LED Biru: OFF");

 }

// Membaca nilai suhu dengan rata-rata

int tempSum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

tempSum += (-40 + 0.488155 * (analogRead(A0) - 20));

delay(50); // Delay untuk pembacaan rata-rata

TEMP = tempSum / 10; // Rata-rata suhu

Serial.print("Temperature: ");

Serial.println(TEMP);

// Tampilkan suhu selama 4 detik

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("Temp: ");

lcd.setCursor(6, 1);

lcd.print(TEMP);

lcd.setCursor(9, 1);

lcd.print("C ");

delay(4000); // Delay untuk tampilan suhu

SOFTWARE&HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
1. Thingspeak

ThingSpeak is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform that allows users to collect, monitor and analyze
data from a variety of connected devices.

2. Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE is a user-friendly development environment for programming hardware using the
Arduino platform, providing simple yet powerful tools for developers to create a wide variet of
electronics projects.

SOFTWARE&HARDWARE
The Smart Garden system is built with a range of hardware components, configured to work together
for effective automation of plant care. Below is an integrated description of the components and their
configurations:

1. Arduino Uno R3 (U1)

o Function: Acts as the central controller of the system, processing data from sensors and
managing output devices such as LEDs, servo motors, and the LCD display.
o Configuration: All sensors and output devices are connected to its analog and digital
pins. It also serves as the power hub for the entire system.

2. Soil Moisture Sensor (SEN1)

o Function: Measures the soil's water content to determine the need for watering.

o Configuration:
  Connected to an analog pin on the Arduino to provide moisture level data.
 Low moisture (HIGH) triggers the servo motor to turn on the water pump and
illuminates the red LED.
 Medium moisture (MID) activates the yellow LED, while high moisture
(GREAT) turns on the green LED.

3. Temperature Sensor (TMP36) (U2)

o Function: Monitors the surrounding temperature for environmental tracking.

o Configuration:

 Connected to another analog pin on the Arduino.

 Real-time temperature data is displayed on the LCD screen.

4. Light Sensor (Photoresistor) (R6)

o Function: Detects ambient light levels to distinguish between bright and dark
conditions.
 o Configuration:

 Connected to an analog pin on the Arduino.

 If the light level is low (dark), the blue LED is activated. If the light is bright,
the blue LED is turned off.

5. 16x2 LCD Display (PCF8574-based, I2C) (U4)

o Function: Displays real-time sensor data such as soil moisture levels, temperature, and
light conditions.
o Configuration:

 Connected to the Arduino via the I2C interface, simplifying wiring while
allowing efficient communication.

6. Mini Water Pump

 Function: Replaces the servo motor and is used to irrigate plants by supplying water when soil
moisture is low.

 Configuration:

o Connected to a digital pin through a relay module to control its ON/OFF state.

o Activated automatically when the soil moisture sensor detects low moisture (HIGH).
7. LED Indicators

 Function: Provide visual feedback on environmental and soil conditions.

 Configuration:

o Red LED: Indicates low soil moisture (HIGH).

o Yellow LED: Indicates medium soil moisture (MID).

o Green LED: Indicates high soil moisture (GREAT).

o Blue LED: Indicates dark conditions (low light).

o All LEDs are connected to digital pins via 1 kΩ resistors to ensure safe current flow.

8. Resistors (R1–R7)
 Function: Protect LEDs and sensors by limiting the current flow to safe levels.

 Configuration:

o Connected in series with LEDs to prevent overcurrent.

9. Power Supply

 Function: Provides power to the Arduino and all connected components.

 Configuration:

o The Arduino is powered via USB or a 9V external battery.

o The mini water pump requires an external power source (e.g., 5V or 12V) and is
controlled through a relay for safety and proper operation.
OUTPUT ON THINGSPEAK
 CONCLUSSION & SUGGESTION

Conclusion

The Smart Garden system successfully automates plant care using sensors and microcontrollers. By
integrating soil moisture, light, and temperature sensors, the system can effectively monitor
environmental conditions and respond accordingly. Key outcomes of the project include:

1. Automation: The system eliminates the need for manual intervention in watering plants,
ensuring timely and efficient irrigation based on real-time soil moisture levels.

2. Resource Efficiency: The system optimizes water usage by activating the pump only when soil
moisture is low (HIGH).

3. User-Friendly Interface: The use of LEDs and an LCD display provides real-time feedback on
the garden's status, making it easy for users to monitor the system.

4. Scalability: The project demonstrates the potential for future expansion, including IoT
integration for remote monitoring and control.

Overall, the Smart Garden system provides a cost-effective and practical solution for managing small-
scale gardens, especially in urban environments or for users with limited time to care for plants.

Suggestion

To enhance the performance and functionality of the Smart Garden system, the following
improvements and suggestions are recommended:

1. Hardware Improvements:

o Use higher-quality sensors for more accurate data collection, especially in varying
environmental conditions.

o Implement a waterproof casing for the components to ensure durability in outdoor

settings.
 2. IoT Integration:

o Integrate the system with IoT platforms (e.g., ThingSpeak or Blynk) to enable remote
monitoring and control via mobile devices or web dashboards.

o Store historical data in the cloud for analysis, which can help optimize watering
schedules and identify trends.

3. Energy Efficiency:

o Incorporate solar panels as a renewable energy source to power the system, reducing
dependency on external power supplies.

o Optimize the system's power consumption by implementing sleep modes or energy-

efficient components.

4. Expanded Features:

o Add a rain detection mechanism to automatically disable the pump during rainy
conditions.

o Implement notifications via email or mobile apps to alert users about critical
conditions, such as very low soil moisture or high temperatures.

5. Scalability:

o Adapt the system for larger gardens or agricultural fields by incorporating multiple
sensor nodes and a centralized control unit.

o Explore compatibility with automated fertilization systems for more comprehensive

garden care.

. By implementing these suggestions, the Smart Garden system can become a more robust, reliable,
and user-friendly solution for modern gardening needs.