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The document is a promotional description for the 8th edition of 'Culture and Values: A Survey of the Western Humanities' by Lawrence S. Cunningham, highlighting its availability for download in PDF format. It includes positive reviews and mentions other related educational resources. The text emphasizes the book's significance in exploring Western culture and humanities through various historical and artistic lenses.

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Culture
&Values a survey of the humanities
Eighth Edition

Lawrence S. Cunningham
John A. O’Brien Professor of Theology
University of Notre Dame

john j. reich
Syracuse University
Florence, Italy

lois fichner-rathus
The College of New Jersey

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
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This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that
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Culture and Values: A Survey of the Western © 2015 Cengage Learning
Humanities, Eighth Edition
WCN: 02-200-203
Lawrence S. Cunningham, John J. Reich,
Lois Fichner-Rathus ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means
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About the Cover

When Michelangelo took on the commission to portray the


young David, the biblical slayer of Goliath, he was 26 years
old—just 4 years younger than David was when he was
anointed King of Israel. The project was not without its
challenges: The colossal block of marble from which the figure
would be carved had lain untouched for years after it had been
abandoned by another artist. But it was this work that would
secure Michelangelo’s standing as a sculptor and would launch
a career that impacted not only the art of his era, but also the
course of the history of art. It was this sculpture that would give
form to Michelangelo’s notion that the idea of a work resided
within the stone and that it was left to the artist to release the
idea—and thus the figure—by removing everything else. And
it is in this sculpture that we see reflected, for the first of many
times, the conflict between Michelangelo’s ideals of calm and
beauty and his own pent-up frustrations and emotions.
Michelangelo’s David (Fig. 12.10) has become an
indisputably iconic work of art and an emblem of Western
culture—the embodiment of a worldview in which human
beings, with all of their capabilities and culpabilities, occupy
center stage. Humanism was widely embraced in the circles
in which Michelangelo moved—from princes to popes. It
would be reasonable to assume, then, that his vision of David
was shaped by a philosophy that extolled the human virtues
of moral duty, civic responsibility, and the desire to meet or
exceed one’s potential as an individual. If we look for these Michelangelo, David, 1501-1504. Marble, 17' (5.17 m) high.
things in David’s face, we will find them. Gallerie dell’Accademia, Florence Italy.

| iii

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents
p r e face xxi Religion 48
The Homeric Epics 49
th e a rts: a n in tro du ct ion xxvii
Geometric Art 56
The Age of Colonization (ca. 750 bce–600 bce) 58
Orientalizing Art 59

1
The Archaic Period (ca. 600 bce–480 bce.) 59
Archaic Art 61
Temple Architecture 66

Beginnings 3 Music and Dance 68

Before History 4 Literature 70


Paleolithic Developments 4 Lyric Poetry 71
Neolithic Developments 6
Philosophy 72
Mesopotamia 10 Herodotus: The First Greek Historian 74
Sumer 10
com pare + contrast
Akkadian and Babylonian Culture 15
Gods into Men, Men into Gods 50
The Assyrians 17
Persia 18 values
Fate, Chance, and Luck 54
Ancient Egypt 18
Egyptian Religion 19 com pare + contrast
Old Kingdom 20 Unraveling Penelope 57
Middle Kingdom 25
voices
New Kingdom 25
Life and Death in the World of Homer 58
The Prehistoric Aegean 32
Glossary 76
The Cycladics 32
The Minoans 34 the b ig pi cture 77
The Mycenaeans 37

co m pa re + co n trast

3
Mystery Ladies of the Ancient World 8

va lu es
On Righteousness as the Path to Emerging Forth into the Light 21

vo ices
Classical Greece and the
Instructions to a Son 26 Hellenistic Period 79
Glossary 41 Classical Civilization in Ancient Greece 80
The Classical Ideal 80
th e big pi ctu re 42
Pericles and the Athenian Acropolis 83
Parthenon Architecture 84
Parthenon Sculpture 84

2 Temple of Athena Nike 88

The Visual Arts in Classical Greece 88


The Rise of Greece 45
Classical Sculpture
Vase Painting 91
88

Early Greece 46
Philosophy in Classical Greece 92
The Early History of Greece 46
Protagoras 92
The Heroic Age (ca. 1000 bce–750 bce) 47
Socrates 93

| v

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
vi | Contents

Plato 94

5
Aristotle 96

Music in Classical Greece 97

Theater in Classical Greece 98


The Drama Festivals of Dionysus 98
The Rise of the Biblical
The Athenian Tragic Dramatists 99 Tradition 159
Aristophanes and Greek Comedy 106
Abraham 160
The Late Classical Period 106
Judaism and Early Christianity 161
Late Classical Sculpture 107
Biblical History 162
Late Classical Architecture 109
The Hebrew Bible and Its Message 163
The Hellenistic Period 110 Dura-Europus 168

va lu es The Beginnings of Christianity 169


Civic Pride 101 The Spread of Christianity 171

vo ices Early Christian Art 174


Kerdo the Cobbler 112 Frescoes 175
Sculpture 176
Glossary 114
Early Christian Architecture 178
th e b ig pi ctu re 115
Early Christian Music 180
values
Revelation 169
4 voices
Vibia Perpetua 174

Rome 117 Glossary 182

The Etruscans (ca. 700 bce–89 bce) 118 the b ig pi cture 183
Etruscan Art and Architecture 119

Republican Rome (509 bce–27 bce) 124


Republican Literature 125
Roman Philosophy 127
6
Roman Law 129
Roman Religion 129 Early Christianity: Ravenna
Republican Art and Architecture 130
Roman Music 132
and Byzantium 185
The Transformation of Rome 186
Imperial Rome (27 bce–337 ce) 132
The Council of Nicaea 186
Imperial Literature 136
Literature, Philosophy, and Religion 188
The Art of Imperial Rome 141
Imperial Architecture 144 Byzantium 192
The End of the Roman Empire 153 Constantinople 194
Late Roman Art and Architecture 154
Ravenna 198
VALUES Mosaics 199
Roman Ideals as Seen Through the Prism of the Aeneid 139 Baptisteries 199
Sant’Apollinare Nuovo 201
co m pare + co n trast
San Vitale 201
Stadium Designs: Thumbs-Up or Thumbs-Down? 146
Saint Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai, Egypt 205
vo ices
The Legacy of Byzantine Culture 207
Correspondence Between Pliny the Younger and the Emperor Trajan
Russia 207
About Christians 150
Italy 207
Glossary 156 Byzantine Art 207
The Literary, Philosophical, and Theological Aspects of Byzantine
th e b ig pi ctu re 156
Culture 208

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents | vii

co m pa re + co n trast
Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy and Marcus Aurelius’s
Meditations 193 8
va lu es
The Greens and the Blues: A Clash of Values 195 The Rise of Medieval Culture 241

vo ices The Middle Ages 242


Procopius of Caesarea 197 Migrations 242

va lu es Charlemagne 243
Autocracy and Divine Right 200 Charlemagne and Islam 244
Charlemagne and Economics 245
Glossary 208 Learning in the Time of Charlemagne 248
th e big pi ctu re 209 Carolingian Culture 248

Monasticism 249
The Rule of Saint Benedict 250

7
Women and Monastic Life 250

Music 251
Gregorian Chant 251
Islam 211 The Liturgical Trope 252
“The lamps are different, but the light Literature 252
is the same” 212 Venerable Bede 252
Muhammad and the Birth of Islam 212 Beowulf 253
Sunni, Shia, Sufi 216 Hildegard of Bingen 254
The Nonliturgical Drama of Roswitha 255
The Growth of Islam 216
The Morality Play: Everyman 257
The Umayyad Caliphate 217
The Song of Roland 257
Architecture 217
The Golden Age of Islam 222 Visual Arts 259
The Illuminated Book 259
Islamic Literature 225
Carolingian Architecture 261
The Qur’an 225
Ottonian Art 264
The Thousand and One Nights 227
Romanesque Art 265
Omar Khayyam 227
Sufi Writings 228 The Legend of Charlemagne 269
Islamic Arts 230 values
Calligraphy 230 Feudalism 245
Mosaics 230
com pare + contrast
Ceramics 232
Four Paintings of Saint Matthew 246
Fiber Arts 232
voices
Islamic Music 232
An Abbot, an Irish Scholar, and Charlemagne’s Biographer 249
The Culture of Islam and the West 236
The House of Wisdom 236 Glossary 270
English Words from the Islamic World 237 the b ig pi cture 271
va lu es
The Five Pillars of Islam 213

co m pa re + co n trast
Journeys of Faith 214 9
vo ices
Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi on the Three Blind Men and the The High Middle Ages 273
Elephant 229
Paris 274
Glossary 238
The Gothic Style 274
th e big pi ctu re 239 Saint-Denis 275

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
viii | Contents

Characteristics of the Gothic Style 277 Painting in Siena 328


The Mysticism of Light 282
Late Medieval Architecture 334
Sculpture 285
Secular Architecture 334
The Many Meanings of the Gothic Cathedral 286
Cathedral Architecture 335
Music of the School of Notre-Dame 290
A New Musical Style—Ars Nova 336
Scholasticism 291 Guillaume de Machaut 337
The Rise of the Universities 291 Francesco Landini 339

Literature 294 voices


Troubadours and Trobairitz 295 Giovanni Boccaccio, Witness to the Black Death 312
Carmina Burana 297
voices
The Romance of the Rose 298
John Ball 324
Religion, Philosophy,
com pare + contrast
and Writing 298
Scenes from the Passion of Christ by Giotto and Duccio 330
Moses Maimonides 298
Francis of Assisi 299 Glossary 340
Thomas Aquinas 303
the b ig pi cture 34 1
va lu es
Dialectics 291

vo ices
The Medieval Parent and Student

va lu es
295
11
Chivalry and Courtly Love 296
The Fifteenth Century 343
co m pare + co n trast
The Old Woman in the Romance of the Rose and Toward the Renaissance 344
The Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales 300 Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Art in Northern
Europe 345
Glossary 306 Florence and the Renaissance 350
th e b ig pi ctu re 3 07 The Medici Era 352
Lorenzo de’ Medici (“The Magnificent”) 353
Girolamo Savonarola 354

Renaissance Humanism
10
354
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 355
A High-Tech Revolution: The Export of Humanist Learning 356

The Fourteenth Century: Women and the Renaissance in the 15th Century 359
Humanism in Italy and the North: Two Sides
A Time of Transition 309 of a Single Coin 360

The Fourteenth Century 310 Renaissance Art in Italy 364


The Great Schism 310 Florence 364
The Hundred Years’ War 311 Sculpture 364
The Black Death 311 Painting 370
Architecture 378
Literature 314
Dante Alighieri 314 Music 382
Francesco Petrarch 318 Music in Medici Florence 383
Geoffrey Chaucer 319
values
Christine de Pisan 322
Intellectual Synthesis 352
Art in Italy 324
voices
Italo-Byzantine Style 324
Fra Savonarola 355
Painting in Florence: A Break with the Past 325

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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