Introduction to Java
• History of Java and its evolution
• Key features: Platform independence, OOPs, Robust, Secure, Portable
• JDK, JRE, JVM explanation with differences
• Hello World walkthrough
• Java editions: SE, EE, ME
Setting up Java
• Installing JDK on Windows, Linux, Mac
• Environment variables setup (PATH, JAVA_HOME)
• IDE setup: Eclipse, IntelliJ, NetBeans
• Running first program in IDE and command line
• Compiling and executing Java programs
Core Java Basics
• Variables, Data Types, Literals, Constants
• Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise
• Input/Output: Scanner, BufferedReader
• Type casting, Type promotion, Wrapper classes
• Mathematical operations and Math class
Control Statements
• if, if-else, nested if, switch-case statements
• Loops: for, while, do-while, enhanced for
• Break, continue, return usage in loops
• Nested loops examples
• Short-circuit operators usage
OOP Concepts
• Class & Objects, Constructors, Methods
• Inheritance types: single, multilevel, hierarchical, hybrid
• Polymorphism: Compile-time & Runtime
• Encapsulation, Abstraction, Interfaces, Abstract classes
• this and super keywords
Strings & Arrays
• String, StringBuilder, StringBuffer usage
• Immutable vs mutable objects
• 1D arrays, 2D arrays, Multidimensional arrays
• Array operations: sorting, searching
• Enhanced for loop for arrays
Exception Handling
• try, catch, finally blocks
• throw and throws keywords
• Checked vs Unchecked exceptions
• Creating custom exceptions
• Common exception classes: IOException, NullPointerException
Collections Framework
• List, Set, Map interfaces
• ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, HashMap, TreeMap examples
• Iterator, ListIterator usage
• Collections utility class methods
• Generics usage in Collections
Multithreading
• Thread class & Runnable interface
• Thread lifecycle, thread priorities
• Synchronization, Locks, wait() & notify()
• ExecutorService and thread pools
• Daemon threads vs user threads
File Handling (I/O)
• FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader, FileWriter
• BufferedReader & BufferedWriter
• File class methods, checking existence, creating, deleting files
• Serialization & Deserialization basics
• Reading/writing CSV or text files
JDBC
• JDBC architecture & setup
• DriverManager, Connection, Statement, PreparedStatement
• CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete)
• Transactions and commit/rollback
• Connection pooling basics
Servlets
• Servlet Lifecycle methods
• doGet & doPost methods
• ServletConfig & ServletContext usage
• Session tracking: Cookies, URL rewriting, HttpSession
• Deployment on Tomcat server
JSP
• Scriptlets, Expressions, Declarations
• Directives: page, include, taglib
• JSTL tags for iteration & condition
• MVC pattern integration with JSP & Servlets
• Session management in JSP
Spring Core
• Dependency Injection (DI) types
• Inversion of Control (IoC) concept
• Bean scopes: singleton, prototype
• ApplicationContext and BeanFactory
• Annotations: @Component, @Autowired, @Configuration
Spring JDBC
• JdbcTemplate usage for queries
• CRUD operations with Spring JDBC
• Exception translation and DataAccessException
• RowMapper and ResultSetExtractor usage
• Transaction management with Spring
Spring Boot
• Spring Boot starter projects
• Auto-configuration, Embedded server (Tomcat)
• REST API creation using @RestController
• Spring Boot annotations: @SpringBootApplication, @GetMapping, @PostMapping
• Application properties and YAML configurations
Hibernate (optional)
• ORM concepts, mapping classes to tables
• SessionFactory, Session, Transaction objects
• Annotations: @Entity, @Table, @Id, @Column
• CRUD operations using Hibernate
• HQL (Hibernate Query Language) basics
Microservices Basics
• RESTful service concepts
• Spring Cloud introduction
• Service registration and discovery (Eureka)
• Load balancing with Ribbon
• API Gateway basics
Cloud Deployment
• Deploy Java apps on AWS, Heroku
• Environment setup & configurations
• Using property files and environment variables
• CI/CD pipeline basics for Java apps
• Monitoring and logging
Final Roadmap + Revision
• Complete flowchart of Java roadmap
• Summary of all concepts with key points
• Tips for faster learning & interview preparation
• Diagram placeholders for OOPs, JDBC, Servlet, Spring flow
• Checklists for each Java module
