COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN RAMSAR WETLAND LAGUNA DE LA

COCHA

LUIS FERNANDO ALVAREZ

AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY CORPORATION OF NARIÑO

FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND ACCOUNTING SCIENCES
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROGRAM
STUDY TECHNIQUES
FIRST SEMESTER
San Juan de Pasto
2015

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COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN RAMSAR WETLAND LAGUNA DE
THE COCKLE

LUIS FERNANDO ALVAREZ

Consultation work

Professor

JAVIER POLO DIAZ

University Teaching

AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY CORPORATION OF NARIÑO

FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND ACCOUNTING SCIENCES
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROGRAM
STUDY TECHNIQUES
FIRST SEMESTER
SAN JUAN DEPASTO
2015

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 Page

INTRODUCTION 6

1. ERA and POMCA essay 7

2. Comprehensive management plan for the RAMSAR wetland La Cocha lagoon 9

2.1 Structure of the Plan 9
2.1.1 Preamble – Policy 9
2.1.2 Description 9
2.1.3 Evaluation 9
2.1.4 Zoning 9
2.1.5 Objectives 9
2.1.6 Action plan 9
2.2 Methodology 9
2.2.1 Climatology 10
2.2.2 Hydrology 10
2.3 Community Participation and Consultation 11
2.4 Environmental Policy Framework 11
2.5 Environmental principles of the Ramsar wetland management plan 11
Lake Cocha
2.6 Environmental Policies 12
2.6.1 Supranational environmental policies 12
2.6.1.1 Ramsar Convention 12
2.6.1.2 Organization of the United Nations 12
2.6.1.3 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 12
2.6.1.4 Agenda 21 12
2.6.1.5 Convention on Biological Diversity 12
2.6.1.6 Human Settlements and Habitat 12
Millennium Summit 12
2.6.2 Environmental policies at the national level 13
2.6.2.1 National Biodiversity Policy 13
2.6.2.2 Policy for the Comprehensive Management of Water 13
2.6.2.3 Policy on Páramos and Strategic Ecosystems 13
2.6.2.4 National Wetlands Policy 13
2.6.2.5 National Science and Technology Policy 13
2.6.2.6 Policy for Citizen Participation 14

BIBLIOGRAPHY 18

CYBERGRAPHY 19

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 INTRODUCTION

Currently, the watershed is established as the basic unit of

planning. Due to its configuration as a system, it is in this space that
where one can study the complexity of relationships at different levels
biophysical, socioeconomic, and anthropological factors that allow us to understand the different
plans of what the concept of biodiversity means.

The management of a watershed corresponds to the rational use that man

make of the natural resources (water, air, soil, flora, fauna) that exist within
from its borders and should not be solely aimed at solving the problems of
water supply. The objectives for watershed management must address
the problems of land use, the subsoil, and water, taking into account that
each one depends on the others and must therefore be considered united with
an integrated approach.

Framed environmental management is the set of fundamental principles

developed by Law 99 of 1993, aims among others, to ensure that the
formulation, agreement, adoption of policies aimed at conservation and
sustainable use of wetlands should be subjects of urgent consideration in the
decision-making processes, both in the public and private sector.

1. ERA and POMCA Essay

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In order to achieve social, cultural, environmental, and economic development,
purpose of maintaining the balance of the planet and ensuring it meets the
basic needs of living beings is essential to know and understand
the environmental problems in all their facets, this is how the Assessments
Regional Water issues are one of those priority aspects and of great
interest for today's society.

The management of water resources and the Management and planning plans for watersheds
hydrographical guidelines outline explicit lines regarding the water resource including
the environmental planning of the territory; likewise establishes principles and
standards for the organization and management of soil, air, fauna, flora and the
water, among others, said guidelines that specifically guide the
water resource management in Colombia, defines the watershed
as a special management area, therefore it requires greater care in its
comprehensive management and planning.

Considering that IDEAM frames one of its functions as

determine the current situation and possible future scenarios of the Water Resource in
the national territory of Colombia, considers that they are of vital importance for its
analyze the components of demand, supply, quality, and hydrological risk whether at
based on the characteristics of natural occurrence or the effects
due to its interrelation with society and the natural environment or ecosystem.

The current state of water in Colombia is achieved through the analysis of its origin,
distribution, supply, demand, and quality, and it must be done in a comprehensive and very
detailed to obtain statistically reliable data that allows
take corrective or preventive actions in the face of possible deterioration
the exhaustion of water resources.

The articulation of the ERA and the POMCA is carried out in a technical-scientific manner.
due to the fact that information, knowledge, and experiences are updated and gathered
previous ones allowing the articulation of strategies framed within the
National Policy for Integrated Water Resource Management that promotes the
Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development since 2010.

Taking into account the Management and Basin Ordering Plans

Hydrographic resources occupy a high percentage of participation.
It is necessary to carry out Regional Water Assessments (ERA) in order to
safeguard the resource and promote its proper use.

This evaluation process requires the continuous gathering of

information and knowledge processing based on experiences and has
converted into a technical tool for planning, prioritization of

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activities and decision-making in their area of influence in order to guarantee
the supply, demand, and quality of the water resource.

The ERAs substantially contribute to the POMCA because they strengthen the
planning instrument executed by the professionals involved in this
process, allowing them to intervene clearly and precisely in the bodies of
water to guarantee the quality and quantity conditions required for the
support of ecosystems and their areas of influence; likewise
they allow the strengthening of management through assistance programs
techniques, training, and adoption of cost-effective and sustainable technologies.

Currently, there are technological aids such as the Systems of

Geographic Information System information for collecting data that helps you
time, in expanding the coverage of the areas to be worked on acquiring more
precision and therefore better results; for their part, the Regional Evaluations
of Water and the Management and Planning Plans of the Watersheds
They receive special treatment from the professionals since each of the
components can be studied to such an extent that they require greater dedication
and without diminishing any importance.

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 2. Comprehensive management plan for the RAMSAR wetland La Cocha lagoon

2.1 Plan Structure: The structure of the plan follows Resolution 0196 of 1 of
February 2006 of the MAVDT, Technical Guide for the Formulation of Plans
Wetlands Management in Colombia, based on law 357 of the Ministry of
Housing and Territorial Development Environment, approval of the Ramsar Convention,
in which measures are established to ensure sustainable use,
conservation and management of wetlands in Colombia and is integrated into the Plans
Water Regional, ERA and POMCA1.

For the development of the plan, it is necessary to carry out the biophysical characterization.
socioeconomic, which is implemented under the Multiscale Hierarchical Approach for the
description of wetlands, adapted by the Ministry of Environment Housing and
Territorial development to the conditions of the wetlands of the country.

The planning process in all phases will include a detailed analysis of

the ecological, biophysical, and socioeconomic characteristics of the area of influence
of the wetland. The content is presented in sequence of the six phases of
planning like this:

2.1.1 Preamble - Policy. This aspect will allow reflecting the policies.
international, national, regional, and local that relate to management,
sustainable use, its conservation and recovery, awareness and sensitization
of the wetlands.

2.1.2 Description. It will provide information related to identification.

abiotic, biotic, and socioeconomic characteristics.

2.1.3 Evaluation. It will confirm and highlight ecological and socio-

cultural economics identified in the description phase.

2.1.4 Zoning. It will identify from the integral and ecosystemic analysis,
holistic areas similar in their physical, biological, socio-
economic and cultural, which due to their importance and relevance must be the subject of
special management for conservation, restoration, or sustainable use.

2.1.5 Objectives. It will establish management measures for the wetland in accordance with
its current and potential characteristics.

2.1.6 Action plan. It will allow identifying the strategies, programs, and projects.
that contain all the actions necessary to achieve the objectives
1CORPONARIÑO. 1994. Management Plan for the Upper Basin of the Guamués River. Pasto. 1532. Vol. 3, No.
2. P 50.

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2.2 Methodology: For the development of the Plan, data will initially be collected.
secondary information in the different institutions involved in the process,
including cartographic information, geological maps, studies, photographs
aerial and satellite information, this information will be purified and systematized
seeking to eliminate inconsistencies and duplication of information, to optimize the
analysis of it.
Once the phase of collecting and refining secondary information is completed,
areas with information gaps will be identified for the collection of
missing information and areas of importance that will allow to corroborate the
secondary information. It will be necessary to carry out field trips to the
different paths and ecosystems of the study area.

The information to be obtained in the initial or preparation phase will be extracted from the
different studies conducted in the area such as the Land Use Planning Plan
from the Municipality, the Management Plan for the Guamués Basin, the formulation of
Management Plan of the Amazon-Andean Corridor, the National Policy for
Interior Wetlands of Colombia and the different bio-physical studies carried out
cable for public and private institutions, universities, etc. plus the work of
field conducted through surveys, sampling in the study area and
community and institutional workshops.

The information of all the components will be incorporated into the DRP methodologies.
(Participatory Rural Diagnosis) and GIS technology (Geographic Information System)
Geographical) to guide the assessment and diagnosis of the area. Once obtained
The Environmental Zoning of the area will formulate the Action Plan in which
they will set the actions and activities that will allow us for Sustainable Management and use, the
Conservation and Recovery and the strengthening of processes
Awareness and Sensitization around Wetlands and specifically
the Ramsar Wetland Laguna de la Cocha.

The following describes the different methodologies to be used for the

description of the water component of the management plan.

2.2.1 Climatology. The climatological analysis of the Wetland will be described under the
siguientes variables: precipitación, temperatura, humedad relativa, evaporación,
solar brightness, cloudiness, wind speed, and dew point, based on the
monthly series from the El Encano stations, provided by IDEAM

2.2.2 Hydrology. The physiographic characterization of the watersheds is

will be carried out taking into account: the morphology, the drainage area, shape of the
basin, drainage system, characteristics of the basin's relief, the types of
soil, the vegetation layer, geology, agricultural practices. These physical elements

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they will provide the possibility of knowing the variation in the space of the
elements of the hydrological regime.2

For the estimation of evapotranspiration in this study, the

Turc equation method, which will be practical and easy to apply.
This equation will directly calculate the actual evapotranspiration taking into account
count the temperature of the station El Encano and the precipitation present in the
areas of greater water representativeness.

The calculation of runoff will be made using the water balance equation that
it involves as main variables precipitation and evapotranspiration
real; method recommended by UNESCO, which will be applied in all
wetlands based on directly observed parameters such as the
precipitation and temperature

The demand diagnosis will be carried out taking into account the resolution.
number 0865 of July 22, 2004 in which a methodology is adopted for
the studies related to the calculation of the scarcity index for water
superficial according to decree 155 of 2004.

For the evaluation of the relationship that exists between the available water supply and the
dominant demand conditions in the area of Laguna de la Cocha,
Resolution 0865 of July 22, 2004, will consider the classification mentioned by
United Nations in which the relationship between uses is expressed
hydric as a percentage of water availability.3

2.3 Community Participation and Concertation: The participation of the

Community in the Formulation of the Planning Order in its different phases, it
will constitute the most effective tool, as its knowledge, its willingness to
work, and their determined and high participation, will allow in an objective way
perform a real biotic physical diagnosis of the wetland territory and identify
within the Action Plan, the necessary actions to reduce high pressure
exercised over Natural Resources, leading to a more efficient use and to the
conservation of this natural heritage.

2 1 SILBERSCHATZ, Abraham. Fundamentals of Databases. Bogotá: McGraw-Hill,

2002, p. 24.

3 UNESCO.http://www.unesco.org/ulis/en/faq.html

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This participation will be reflected in the community workshops held, in the
work tables and field outings where the different will be developed
Phases of the Management Plan of the Ramsar Wetland Laguna de la Cocha:

Policy coordination, Socialization, Description Evaluation, Zoning and

Action Plan, those that had the representation and spokespersonship of the different
community, peasant, and indigenous associations, as well as in the
institutional workshops will have representatives from public entities and
private organizations, NGOs, and institutions that are present in the Wetland area.

2.4 Environmental Political Framework: The political framework will constitute the foundation for the
formulation of the comprehensive management plan for the Ramsar wetland Laguna de La Cocha
as a tool for planning and participatory management, in order to achieve
sustainable management objectives in the short, medium, and long term.

Starting from the recognition of the values of the RAMSAR Wetland Laguna de la
Cochas for their attributes, for the goods they contain, for the products they offer.
and for the functions or services it provides to the environment and the community, it is defined
together with the principles the political framework of strategic planning
for its management over a 10-year horizon, in order to ensure
sustainability of natural resources of the wetland as a strategic ecosystem
within biological and hydrological cycles through conservation
ordering and sustainable use of its ecological conditions with an approach
ecosystemic to support economic, social, environmental activities and
cultural aspects of the wetland, contributing to sustainable human development in the
global context.

2.5 Environmental principles of the management plan for the Ramsar wetland lagoon of
the cocha: The management plan for the Ramsar Wetland Laguna de la Cocha is
will frame the Rio Declaration within the general environmental principles
January 1992, on environment and development contained in the constitution
National of Colombia from 1991, in the principles of the Ramsar Convention, in the
principles of the National Biodiversity Policy and in the principles of the Policy
National Wetlands; they are:

Integral management with a social criterion

Consideration of environmental effects
Economic valuation of wetlands
Definition of spatial and temporal scale
Long-term management
Adaptive management

2.6 Environmental policies: Based on the recognition of the political framework of

strategic planning at the international, national, regional, and local levels is defined

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the management policies of the RAMSAR Wetland Laguna de la Cocha for a
10-year horizon.

2.6.1 Supranational environmental policies.

2.6.1.1 Ramsar Convention: Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands

worldwide4.

2.6.1.2 United Nations Organization: Establish guidelines and define

criteria that guide the topics of general interest of Humanity such as peace,
the environment, management, and integrated development of habitat and rights
humans, among others:

2.6.1.3 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. "The

natural resources of the earth, including air, water, land, flora, and fauna
and especially representative samples of natural ecosystems, must
preserving for the benefit of present and future generations through a
careful planning or organization, as appropriate

2.6.1.4 Agenda 21. "Protection of ecosystems, the conservation of the

natural resources and species diversity, the promotion of agriculture
sustainable and the integrated management of water resources, as well as
rehabilitate, restore and utilize internationally important wetlands
promote the rational use of them by current and future generations,
indicating that for conservation to be effective it is necessary to raise awareness among
the communities on the precautionary principle

2.6.1.5 Biological Diversity Agreement "Maintain and restore systems

natural, their functions and their values, in such a way that with an approach
ecosystemic management promotes the conservation and sustainable use of a
fair and equitable manner, through the integration of ecological factors,
economic and social within the geographical framework defined by limits
ecological

2.6.1.6 Human settlements and Habitat. "Ensure human settlements

sustainable in a world of urbanization, adequate housing for all,
safer, healthier, livable, equitable, sustainable settlements

4NATIONAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SINA 2002. National Environmental Education Policy

Bogotá.

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productive and thus make the cities of the world safer, greener and
inclusive for everyone.

2.6.1.7 Millennium Summit. "Ensure the sustainability of the environment and

strengthen the institutions to reduce the negative effect of climate change,
reduce emissions that deplete the ozone layer and promote rational management
of all kinds of polluting waste.

2.6.2 Environmental policies at the national level. National policies on

the environment welcomes supranational environmental policies and is guided by
the Universal Principles of Sustainable Development contained in the Declaration
from Rio de Janeiro in 1992 established in Law 99 of 1993. They are aimed at
to protect the cultural and natural wealth of the nation, to protect diversity and
integrity of the environment and conserve areas of special ecological importance,
guaranteeing sustainable development, conservation, restoration and/or substitution of
natural resources; prevent and control factors of environmental deterioration;
regulate the conservation and management conditions of swamps, marshes,
wetlands, lakes, lagoons and other continental water ecosystems and the
strengthening of the National Environmental System SINA, for recovery,
ordering and improvement of environmental and social conditions
economic aspects of wetlands.

There are several thematic lines of national environmental policy that allow
to orient management towards clearly defined areas of action, such as
biodiversity, the strategic high mountain ecosystems, the páramos and the
wetland areas, among others, which are described below.

2.6.2.1 National Biodiversity Policy. 'Promote conservation, the

knowledge and the sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as fair distribution
and equitable distribution of the benefits derived from the use of knowledge,
innovations and practices associated with it by the scientific community
national, the industry and local communities5”.

2.6.2.2 Policy for Integrated Water Management. "Priority on sustainable management

of the national water supply, to meet social requirements and
economic aspects of development in terms of quantity, quality, and spatial distribution
and temporal.

2.6.2.3 Policy on Páramos and strategic ecosystems. 'Engage the

protection, conservation and sustainability of the moors in the national territory,
to maintain biodiversity and ecological balance in the areas
natural”, it is recommended to reserve outstanding and representative areas that

5Unable to access external links or documents.

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allow the conservation and protection of the fauna and flora of the ecosystems
primaries, as well as the perpetuation of the natural state in the units
biogeographical, geological, historical or cultural and regional physiographical
perpetuate species of wildlife that are in a state of extinction and
provide environmental benchmarks for research and environmental education.

2.6.2.4 National Wetlands Policy. "To strive for the conservation, use
sustainable, recovery rehabilitation and/or restoration of the Wetlands of
according to their ecological and socioeconomic characteristics.

2.6.2.5 National science and technology policy. "Guide the development and
strengthening of the national scientific capacity for the understanding of the
ecosystems that host terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, the species that it
integrate and the sustainable uses of them, as well as guide the
urban environment recovery and the development of patterns of
sustainable urbanization in the long term.

2.6.2.6 Policy for citizen participation. "Guarantee participation

broad, deliberate, conscious, and responsible citizenship in preservation
of their rights and in the fulfillment of their environmental duties and in general in
environmental management, which fulfills an effective function in construction of the
sustainable development and contribute to creating the conditions for
civil society increasingly acquires more capacity for influence in the act of
to govern.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CORPONARIÑO. 1994. Land Use Plan for the Upper Basin of the River
Guamués. Grass.

CORPONARIÑO. 2002-2012. Regional Environmental Management Plan. Pasto.

CORPONARIÑO. 2007-2009. Three-Year Action Plan. Pasto.

NATIONAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SINA 2002. National Policy of

Environmental Education Bogotá.

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 CYBERGRAPHY

Unable to access the provided URL.

ncas-hydrological/Technical-Guide-for-the-formulation-of-planning-and
watershed-management-POMCAS.pdf

The provided text is a URL and does not contain translatable content.
pdf

http://www.corpoboyaca.gov.co/index.php/en/our-management/ordering-plan
Technical guide for the formulation of the plans
organization and management of watersheds and annexes

http://www.ut.edu.co/academico/images/archivos/Fac_Forestal/Documentos/LIBR
OS / watersheds conceptual bases characterization
planning and organization - CARLOS LONDOO.pdf

http://www.unesco.org/ulis/en/faq.html

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